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PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  CALIFORNIA  STATE  LIBRARY, 

No.  1. 


HISTORY 


POLITI8AL  00NVENTIONS 


CALIFORNIA,    1849—1892. 


BY 

WINFIEIvD  J.    DAVIS, 
a 

Historian  of  the  Sacramento  Society  of  California  Pioneers. 


SACRAMENTO  : 
1893- 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1892, 

By  RUSSELL  D.  STEPHENS,  W.  S.  GREEN,  FLEET  F.  STROTHER,  H.  E. 
and  E.  0.  MILLER, 

Trustees  of  the  California  State  Library, 
FOR  THE  PEOPLE  OF  THE  STATE  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


TRUSTEES'  PREFACE, 


It  has  been  the  object  of  the  authorities  of  the  California 
State  Library  to  collect  all  obtainable  matter  relating  to  the 
history  of  California  and  of  the  Pacific  coast.  While  pur- 
suing this  object,  the  librarian  learned  of  the  valuable  man- 
uscript in  the  hands  of  Winfield  J.  Davis,  from  which  this 
book  is  printed.  Believing  that  it  contained  matter  which 
should  be  preserved  and  made  accessible,  a  proposition  for 
its  purchase  was  made.  Mr.  Davis  finally  offered  to  transfer 
the  copyright  to  the  library  provided  the  trustees  would  pub- 
lish the  book.  This  was  considered  very  liberal,  and  was 
accepted.  A  limited  number  of  copies  have  been  printed, 
and  will  be  sold  to  cover  the  cost.  We  think  the  work  a 
valuable  one,  and  hope  the  reception  accorded  it  by  the  pub- 
lic will  justify  our  action  in  printing  it  in  this  form. 

Sacramento,  January,  1893. 


17.28816 


AUTHOR'S  PRBFA0B, 


Of  necessity  a  work  of  this  character  must  contain  imper- 
fections, as  no  record  of  political  conventions  has  been  pre- 
served, save  in  newspaper  reports.  Yet  it  is  believed  the- 
text  of  this  work  embraces  as  accurate  a  history  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  state  political  bodies  as  can  be  compiled  from 
the  material  available. 

The  register  of  state  officers  has  been  drawn  from  various 
sources;  primarily,  the  official  records  of  the  state.  The  dates 
of  deaths  have  been  supplemented  from  newspaper  and  other 
data.  It  is  as  complete  as  possible,  after  painstaking  research. 

Acknowledgment  is  due  for  the  furnishing  of  important 
data  to  Judges  John  H.  McKune  and  A.  P.  Catlin,  and  Hon.. 
W.  A.  Anderson. 

WlNFIELD    J.    DAVIS. 


History  of  Political  Conventions 
in  California. 


CHAITKR    I. 


CORRECTIONS. 

Reid  Amerman/or  Ammerman,  page  310. 
Brunson  for  Bronson,  pages  314,  326. 

Curry  for  Carrey,  pages  26,  34,  43,  92,  94,  95,  102,  108,  196,  201,  249,  268. 
Eagon  for  Eagan,  page  409. 
Gwinri  for  Guinn,  page  328. 
Kalioch  for  Kallock,  pages  420,  421. 
Meloney  for  Maloney,  page  79. 
Owen  for  Owens,  page  61. 
Reardon  for  Reardeo,  page  79.  < 
Reardon  for  Reardan,  page  418. 
Shattuck/or  Shuttuck,  page  472. 
Spreckels  for  Spreckles,  pages  313,  318,  221,  430,  455. 
Sweasey  for  Swasey,  page  248. 
Sweasey  for  Sweasy,  pages  452,  453,  468. 
Wilcoxon  for  Wilcoxson,  pages  316,  421. 
Wilcoxon  for  Wilcoxen,  pages  419,  438. 


WHEREAS,  The  peopie  ui  i^mmum  unu  m»u.^b  ~w,r~,  r.~r rf 

to  an  application  for  admission  into  the  union,  to  organize  their 
system  of  state  government  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  a 
constitution  adopted  in  convention  by  delegates  chosen  from  amongst 
themselves;  and,  whereas,  in  furtherance  of  this  great  object,  elec- 
tions are  soon  to  be  holden  to  fill  the  various  executive,  legislative, 
and  judicial  offices  provided  for  by  that  instrument;  and,  whereas, 
also,  it  becomes  the  duty  of  the  people  of  California,  through  their 
representatives  in  the  state  legislature,  to  select  from  amongst  their 
fellow-citizens  senators  and  delegates  to  represent  their  interests  in 
the  national  councils ;  and,  whereas,  we,  the  democratic  citizens  of 
the  district  of  San  Francisco,  feel  a  natural  and  deep  interest  in  the 


History  of  Political  Conventions 
in  California. 


CHAPTER   I. 


1849.     First  Political  Mass  Meeting  in  California — Primary  Effort  for 
the  Organization  of  the  Democratic  Party — First  State  Election. 

The  first  political  mass  meeting  in  California  assembled  at  San 
Francisco,  October  25,  1849.  It  was  composed  of  democrats,  and 
was  called  in  view  of  the  election  to  be  held  November  13th  follow- 
ing, to  vote  on  the  question  of  the  adoption  of  the  constitution, 
and  for  the  selection  of  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  members 
of  congress  and  of  the  legislature.  John  W.  Geary  was  the  pre- 
siding officer.  The  attendance  was  so  large  that  the  meeting  was 
compelled  to  adjourn  from  a  hall  to  the  public  square.  Dr.  McMil- 
lan, 0.  P.  Sutton,  E.  V.  Joice,  Thomas  J.  Agnew,  John  McVicker, 
Annis  Merrill,  and  W.  H.  Jones  were  vice-presidents,  and  Joseph 
T.  Downey,  J.  Ross  Browne,  Daniel  Cronin,  and  John  A.  McGlynn, 
secretaries.  William  Van  Voorhies  delivered  an  address,  and  the 
following  preamble  and  resolutions  were  adopted: 

WHEREAS,  The  people  of  California  are  taking  steps,  preparatory 
to  an  application  for  admission  into  the  union,  to  organize  their 
system  of  state  government  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  a 
constitution  adopted  in  convention  by  delegates  chosen  from  amongst 
themselves;  and,  whereas,  in  furtherance  of  this  great  object,  elec- 
tions are  soon  to  be  holden  to  fill  the  various  executive,  legislative, 
and  judicial  offices  provided  for  by  that  instrument;  and,  whereas, 
also,  it  becomes  the  duty  of  the  people  of  California,  through  their 
representatives  in  the  state  legislature,  to  select  from  amongst  their 
fellow-citizens  senators  and  delegates  to  represent  their  interests  in 
the  national  councils;  and,  whereas,  we,  the  democratic  citizens  of 
the  district  of  San  Francisco,  feel  a  natural  and  deep  interest  in  the 


4  POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Under  the  resolution,  the  election  officers  selected  were  M.  Fallon, 
judge;  Dr.  S.  R.  Harris,  A.  Johnson,  J.  A.  McGlynn  and  Myron 
Norton,  inspectors.  It  was  resolved  that  the  candidates  be  pledged 
to  vote  for  no  man  for  United  States  senator  unless  he  would 
"uphold  exemption  of  household  for  debt,  and  would  vote  for  the 
formation  of  a  railroad  through  our  own  territory  in  preference  to 
any  other."  It  does  not  appear  that  any  further  action  was  taken 
towards  making  nominations. 

On  October  25th,  a  meeting  was  held  at  Sacramento  to  "talk 
about  the  new  constitution,"  and  the  candidates  to  be  voted  for  at 
the  November  election.  A  motion  was  made  to  appoint  a  commit- 
tee to  report  at  a  future  meeting  the  names  of  candidates.  A  sub- 
stitute was  offered  and  accepted  to  call  a  nominating  convention,  but 
during  the  discussion  a  motion  was  carried  unanimously  to  submit 
the  whole  subject  of  selecting  candidates  to  the  people,  on  the  day  of 
election. 

On  October  29th,  a  large-  political  meeting,  called  "  without  dis- 
tinction of  party,"  was  held  at  Sacramento,  "to  hear  the  report  of 
the  delegates  to  the  constitutional  convention,  and  to  consider  mat- 
ters connected  with  the  approaching  election."  S.  C.  Hastings  was 
chairman.  A  committee  was  selected  to  nominate  a  legislative 
ticket  for  the  district,  and  that  being  done,  no  further  action  was 
taken. 

A  public  meeting  of  citizens  was  held  at  Monterey,  on  October 
30th,  and  a  nominating  committee  of  seven  was  appointed.  The 
committee  tendered  the  nomination  for  governor  to  General  Bennet 
Riley,  but  he  declined  to  run,  and  W.  S.  Sherwood  was  named  for 
the  office.  Francis  J.  Lippitt  was  nominated  for  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor, and  Edward  Gilbert  and  James  L.  Ord  for  congressmen. 

The  other  candidates  who  ran  at  the  election  were  independent, 
and  no  particular  attempt  was  made  to  draw  party  lines. 

The  election  was  held  on  November  13th,  and  the  constitution 
was  ratified  by  a  vote  of  12,061  in  its  favor  to  811  against  it. 

The  San  Francisco  Alta,  in  its  issue  of  November  15th,  said,  in 
referring  to  this  election  : 

"The  election  held  throughout  the  state  of  California  on  Tuesday 
last  was  an  important  era  in  the  history  of  this  remarkable  country. 
From  its  results  are  to  come  the  weal  or  woe  of  the  new  state,  not 
only  for  a  year,  but  possibly  for  ten  years,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped 


FIRST  STA  TE  ELECTION.  5 

that  the  men  then  chosen  to  carry  into  effect  the  constitution,  which 
was  at  the  same  time  adopted,  will  prove  themselves  the  patriots 
which  the  country  has  the  right  to  expect. 

"  The  day  of  the  election  was  very  disagreeable.  Several  showers 
of  rain  fell,  and  the  mud,  which  was  unfathomable  before,  suddenly 
disclosed  a  '  lower  deep.'  It  is  not  strange,  therefore,  that,  instead 
of  5,000  votes,  as  was  generally  expected,  only  3,169  were  polled  in 
San  Francisco. 

"All,  or  nearly  all,  the  candidates  were  independent  nominees. 
In  some  instances  they  have  been  indorsed  or  recommended  by 
public  meetings  in  different  parts  of  the  state ;  but  in  only  one  dis- 
trict (San  Francisco)  was  an  attempt  made  to  organize  a  party,  or 
fight  the  battle  upon  the  old  issue  of  democrat  and  whig.  We  have 
no  doubt  that,  had  time  permitted,  there  would  have  been  a  state 
convention  held,  at  which  a  'regular  democratic  ticket,'  would  have 
been  nominated  ;  and,  had  such  been  the  fact,  we  are  well  satisfied 
that  its  complete  triumph  would  have  been  the  result." 

On  December  10th,  following,  Henry  W.  Halleck,  the  military 
secretary  of  state;  P.  Ord,  a  judge  of  the  superior  tribunal;  David 
Spence,  prefect;  Mariano  Malarin,  judge  of  first  instance,  and  Y. 
Esquar,  alcalde  of  Monterey,  met  at  that  place  pursuant  to  the  pro- 
visions of  section  six  of  the  schedule  to  the  constitution,  and  can- 
vassed the  vote  of  the  state.  In  their  report  they  stated  that  "after 
three  days  of  continuous  labor,  we  have  not  been  able  to  complete 
the  list  of  scattering  votes  for  the  districts  of  Sacramento  and  San 
Joaquin;"  but  they  said  their  report  "  is  believed  to  be  sufficient  for 
the  purposes  intended."  They  reported  the  vote  of  the  various 
candidates  as  follows : 

For  Governor— Peter  H.  Burnett,  6,783;  W.  S.  Sherwood,  3,220; 
John  A.  Sutter,  2,201;  W.  M.  Steuart,  619;  John  W.  Geary,  1,358; 
with  32  scattering. 

For  Lieutenant-Governor — John  McDougal,  7,374;  Richard 
Roman,  2,368;  F.  J.  Lippitt,  1,127;  John  B.  Frisbie,  1,558;  A. 
M.  Winn,  802;  Pablo  de  la  Guerra,  129;  with  363  scattering. 

For  Congressmen — George  W.  Wright,  5,451;  Edward  Gilbert, 
5,300;  Rodman  M.  Price,  4,040;  Lewis  Dent,  2,129;  W.  M.  Shep- 
pard,  1,773;  P.  A.  Morse,  2,066;  E.  J.  C.  Kewen,  1,826;  Pet  Hal- 
.-stead,  1,271;  W.  E.  Shannon,  1,327;  L.  W.  Hastings,  215;  with 
750  scattering. 

On  December  18th,  the  state  legislature  met  in  joint  convention 


6  POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

and  canvassed  the  votes  that  had  been  cast  at  that  election,  and  the 
result  as  then  ascertained,  differed  from  the  Monterey  canvass,  in 
that  for  governor,  Burnett  was  shown  to  have  received  6,716  votes; 
Sherwood,  3,188,  and  Geary,  1,475;  for  lieutenant-governor,  Lip- 
pitt,  1,060;  and  for  congressmen,  Gilbert,  5,100;  Dent,  2,029; 
Kewen,  1,806;  Halstead,  593;  P.  B.  Reading,  171;  W.  H.  Russell, 
92;  K.  H.  Dimmick,  41;  and  J.  Thompson,  86. 

The  convention  declared  that  Burnett  had  been  elected  governor; 
McDougal,  lieutenant-governor;  and  Wright  and  Gilbert,  Congress- 
men. 


CHAPTER  II. 

185O.     Call   for  an   Organization   of   the  Whig  Party — First  County 
Election — General  Election. 

The  first  state  legislature  passed  an  act  providing  for  the  hold- 
ing of  an  election  on  April  1,  1850,  to  elect  county  officers  and  a 
clerk  of  the  supreme  court.  Early  in  that  year  efforts  were  made 
to  organize  the  democratic  and  whig  parties.  In  San  Francisco  a 
partial  organization  of  the  democratic  party  had  been  kept  up  from 
the  year  before,  but  there  was  no  general  organization  of  any  politi- 
cal party  in  the  state. 

Late  in  January,  a  democratic  meeting  was  held  at  San  Jose, 
where  the  legislature  was  then  meeting,  with  the  object  to  effect 
a  State  organization  of  that  party,  and  on  February  2d  an 
adjourned  meeting  was  held  in  the  assembly  chamber.  David  C. 
Broderick  was  the  presiding  officer.  A  series  of  resolutions  were 
adopted,  but  they  were  not  published. 

On  February  9th  the  whig  members  of  the  legislature  and  a 
number  of  citizens  of  San  Jose  held  a  mass  meeting  in  the  senate 
chamber  in  that  city.  David  F.  Douglass  was  the  chairman.  The 
following  preamble  and  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

WHEREAS,  the  organization  of  the  democratic  party  of  the  state 
of  California  has  been  commenced  and  is  about  being  completed, 
and  the  broad,  proscriptive  doctrine  has  been  publicly  declared  and 
adopted  'that  no  whig  shall  hereafter  receive  a  democratic  vote 
for  any  office  in  the  gift  of  the  people  , '  and,  whereas,  however  much, 


ORGANIZATION  OF  WHIG  PARTY.  7 

as  Californians  we  deprecate  the  present  organization  of  mere  politi- 
cal parties,  and  the  promulgation  of  doctrines  calculated  to  arouse  all 
the  acuity  of  party  spirit,  whilst  our  infant  state  requires  the  united 
energies  of  all  her  sons  to  secure  to  her  that  position  which  her 
wealth  and  population  entitle  her,  yet  as  whigs  we  feel  called  upon 
to  indicate  not  only  our  principles  as  a  party,  but  our  rights  as  free- 
men \  be  it-  therefore  resolved, 

1.  That  the  whigs  of  California  are  invited  to  unite  with  us,  by 
a  prompt  and  efficient  organization,  jn  repelling  the  assertion  that  a 
whig  is  un  worthy  to  possess  the  rights  and  incompetent  to  perform 
the  duties  of  a  freeman. 

2.  That  in  order  to  further  the  objects  of  this  meeting  a  commit- 
tee of  five  be  appointed  by  the  chair  to  draft  resolutions  for  the  ac- 
tion of  this  meeting. 

In  accordance  with  the  second  resolution,  the  chair  appointed  a 
committee,  consisting  of  Jones,  Tingley,  Heydenfeldt,  Allen  and  Dim- 
mick,  and  they  submitted  the  following  report,  which  was  adopted  : 

1.  That  liberty,  equality  and  justice  are  the  fundamental  prin- 
ciples of  whig  faith. 

2.  That  the  veto  power,  the  great  monarchial  feature  of  our  re- 
public, should  be  restrained  in  its  exercise  to  the  clear  violations  of 
the  constitution,  or  manifest  want  of  consideration  on  the  part  of 
congress,  and  that  the  frequent  exercise  of  this  kingly  prerogative 
by  late  democratic  presidents  from  motives  of  professed  expediency, 
whereby  the  will  of  the  people  has  been  made  subservient   to  the 
will  of  the  man,  should  excite  the  alarm  and  arouse  the  vigilance  of 
every  true  republican. 

3.  That  commerce,  agriculture  and  manufactures  constitute  the 
wealth  of  a  nation,  and  equally  require  the  fostering  hand  of  govern- 
ment ;  and  that  a  tariff,  whilst  it  should  produce  no  greater  revenue 
than  is  necessary  to  the  economical  administration  of  the  govern- 
ment, should  contain  such  just  and  moderate  discriminations  as  will 
enable  these  great  sources  of  our  wealth  to  compete  with  foreign 
nations  in  our  own  markets. 

4.  That  the  declaration  of  James  K.  Polk,  the  great  exponent  of 
democratic  principles,  contained  in  his  veto  of  the  river  and  harbor 
bill,  that  "there  is  no  middle  ground  between  an  absolute  denial  of 
the  power  of  the  government  to  make  appropriations  for  these  ob- 
jects (improvements  of  rivers  and  harbors)  and  the  establishment  of 


8  POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

a  wide  and  general  system,  in  accordance  with  that  power,"  is  a 
doctrine  false  in  theory,  unstatesmanlike  in  policy,  and  especially 
ruinous  to  the  interests  of  our  infant  state.  That  California,  des- 
tined hereafter  by  the  wealth  and  enterprise  of  her  citizens,  by  the 
vast  extent  of  her  sea  coast,  and  by  her  spacious  ports  and  great 
inland  seas,  to  command  the  commerce  of  the  entire  Pacific,  peculiarly 
requires  the  fostering  hand  of  the  government  in  the  erection  of 
light-houses  and  the  improvement  of  her  harbors.  That  her  isolated 
position  demands  that  a  speedy  means  of  internal  communication  be 
established  with  the  older  states;  and  that  the  party  or  the  man 
who  denies  the  power  of  congress  to  accomplish  these  great  and 
necessary  objects,  is  unworthy  the  support  of  a  true  Californian. 

5.  That  it  is  a  cardinal  principle  of  the  whigs  of  California,  that 
her  mines  should  be  free  to  all  American  citizens.     That  we  regard 
it  as  practically  impossible  to  parcel  and  sell  the  public  lands  con- 
tained in  the  mining  districts.     That  immigration  would  be  thereby 
greatly  lessened,  and  that  the  richest  portions  of  those  lands  would 
inevitably  fall  into  the  hands  of  speculators  and  monopolists,  whilst 
a  vast  multitude  of  laboring  classes  would  be  compelled  to  hire  their 
services,  to  abandon  the  country,  or  to  violate  a  law  unfounded  in 
justice  and  unsupported  by  public  opinion. 

6.  That  the  interests  of  agriculture,  the  most  solid  foundation  of 
national  prosperty,  require  that  the  actual  settler  should   be  pro- 
tected in  his  possession  of  the  public  lands,  when  it  does  not  inter- 
fere with  private  rights;   and  congress  should  extend  the  preemp- 
tion laws  over  California  at  the  earliest  possible  moment. 

A  central  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  J.  M.  Jones, 
J.  D.  Hoppe,  Charles  Campbell,  Pedro  Sansevaine,  R.  M.  May,  C.  E. 
Allen,  E.  Heydenfeldt,  B.  F.  Moore,  S.  E.  Wood  worth,  G.  B.  Ting- 
ley,  and  A.  W.  Hope. 

Shortly  before,  in  San  Francisco,  the  whigs  had  elected  Heyden- 
feldt to  the  senate  at  a  special  election,  and  this  success  had  inspired 
them  with  confidence.  On  February  10th,  a  whig  mass  meeting 
was  held  in  that  city  to  nominate  a  candidate  for  sherifT,  and  it  was 
resolved  ''that  the  whigs  of  San  Francisco  and  California  at  large 
have  had  enough  of  the  cry  'no  party/  'union  of  California  for  the 
sake  of  California,'  and  that  from  and  after  this  time  they  solemnly 
pledge  themselves  to  each  other  that  they  will,  under  no  political 
necessity,  confer  office  on  or  vote  for  a  man  who  is  not  an  open,  un- 


ORGANIZATION  OF  WHIG  PARTY.  9 

disguised  whig;  and  further,  thai  they  will  sanction  on  all  occa- 
sions the  nominee  of  the  party  and  no  other  candidate." 

On  the  26th,  the  whig  general  committee  of  San  Francisco,  com- 
posed of  Alfred  Wheeler,  Levi  Parsons,  L.  R.  Lull,  S.  Flower,  R.  H. 
Taylor  and  others,  issued  a  lengthy  address  to  the  people,  indorsing 
the  San  Jose  resolutions  as  the  basis  for  the  organization  of  the 
party. 

On  the  same  day  a  mass  meeting  was  held  in  the  same  city,  and 
Alfred  Wheeler  was  nominated  as  the^whig  candidate  for  the  assem- 
bly, to  fill  a  vacancy. 

The  democrats  also  named  a  candidate,  and  the  attempt  was 
made  to  draw  party  lines  closely,  but  it  did  not  succeed.  Local 
dissensions  had  been  engendered  among  the  democrats  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  on  March  1st  the  leading  members  of  the  party  issued  an 
address  to  the  party  urging  them  to  support  the  democratic  candi- 
date for  the  assembly.  The  address  asked  the  members  of  the  party 
"to  take  no  exceptions  to  the  mode  of  proceeding  in  making  the 
nomination,  as  the  respective  committees  of  the  party  are  about 
effecting  a  reconciliation,  and  are  reorganizing  the  heretofore  dis- 
cordant elements  of  the  party." 

At  the  special  election  held  on  March  2d,  Wheeler  was  elected  by 
a  vote  of  876,  to  738  for  the  democratic  candidate. 

On  March  8th,  a  call  was  issued  at  Sari  Francisco  for  a  demo- 
cratic mass  meeting,  to  be  held  on  the  following  evening,  to  act  upon 
the  report  of  a  committee  of  conference  that  had  been  appointed,  to 
select  a  general  committee,  and  take  such  steps  "as  may  be  neces- 
sary for  harmoniously  organizing  the  party,"  in  view  of  the  county 
election. 

At  the  appointed  time,  a  large  meeting  was  held  at  the  plaza. 
Wilson  Shannon  was  the  chairman.  Resolutions  were  adopted,  and 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  complete  the  organization.  A  pri- 
mary was  called  for  the  25th,  at  which  J.  J.  Bryant  was  nominated 
for  sheriff,  John  A.  McGlynn  for  recorder,  J.  E.  Addison  for  clerk, 
S.  B.  Marye  for  county  judge,  J.  C.  Smith  for  county  attorney, 
D.  M.  Chauncey  for  assessor,  R.  G.  Berford  for  treasurer,  Alex- 
ander Wells  for  district  attorney,  E.  H.  Tharp  for  clerk  of  the 
supreme  court,  W.  M.  Eddy  for  surveyor,  and  Ed.  Gallagher  for 
coroner. 

The  whig  committee  also  called  a  primary  election,  which  was 
i  held  on  March  22d.  Seventeen  hundred  and  sixty-four  votes  were 


10         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

cast,  and  the  following  ticket  was  nominated:  County  judge,  R.  N. 
Morrison;  district  attorney,  Calhoun  Benham;  county  attorney, 
Louis  R.  Lull;  recorder,  Orrin  Bailey;  clerk,  B.  G.  Crozier;  sur- 
veyor, W.  P.  Humphreys;  assessor,  J.  G.  Gould;  treasurer,  George 
Endicott;  coroner,  G.  P.  Ogden;  sheriff,  J.  0.  Hays.  The  follow- 
ing day  Hays  withdrew  arid  came  out  as  an  independent  candidate, 
and  the  committee  nominated  John  E.  Townes  for  that  office.  W. 
E.  Shannon  received  1,432  votes  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court. 

On  March  6th  Ellison  Dickey  announced  himself  as  an  inde- 
pendent candidate  for  that  office,  and  on  the  20th  William  G.  Marcy 
came  out  for  the  same  position.  Marcy  withdrew,  however,  in  favor 
of  Tharp.  At  the  county  election  Tharp  was  elected. 

On  March  23d  an  act  was  passed  by  the  legislature  providing 
for  the  holding,  on  the  first  Monday  of  October  of  each  year,  of  a 
general  election  throughout  the  state,  for  members  of  the  legisla- 
ture, and  such  other  state  officers  as  might  be  required  by  law  to  be 
elected.  Under  this  law  the  first  election  was  held  October  7,  1850. 

The  first  legislature  by  statute  provided  that  at  this  first  general 
election  a  superintendent  of  public  instruction  and  a  clerk  of  the 
supreme  court  should  be  elected;  and  Attorney -General  Kewen 
having  resigned,  it  became  necessary  to  select  his  successor  at  the 
same  election.  Although  there  were  several  state  officers  to  be 
elected,  no  general  conventions  were  held,  and  less  attention  was 
paid  to  politics  than  at  the  county  election. 

On  September  14th,  at  a  democratic  meeting  in  San  Jose,  a  legis- 
lative ticket  was  nominated;  and  on  the  19th  the  democracy  of  San 
Francisco  placed  a  ticket  in  the  field,  with  Eugene  H.  Tharp  as  the 
candidate  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  Frederick  P.  Tracy  for 
superintendent  of  public  instruction,  and  James  A.  McDougall  for 
attorney -general. 

The  whigs  held  a   primary  at   San   Francisco  on   the   28th,  and 
nominated  John    D.    Munford    for    attorney-general,    Dr.  John    F. 
Morse    for   clerk    of   the    supreme    court,   and    James  Nooney    for 
superintendent  of    public  instruction.      R.   Townsend  Huddart,  B. 
Brierly,  0.  W.  Butterfield,  E.  B.  Bateman,  John  G.  Marvin,  S.  H.  P. 
Ross,  J.  Stratman  and  H.  W.  Carpentier  were  independent  candi- 
dates for  school  superintendent;    John  Jack  and  W.  0.  Sharron  for 
clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  and  E.  B.  Cone,  T.  W.  Sutherland,  A 
P.   Crittenden  and   George  Rowe    for  attorney-general.     The  car 
vass  of  the  votes  cast  at  the  election  showed  this  result : 


DEMOCRA  TIC  CONVENTION.  \ \ 

For  A ttorney-General—M.cDouga,}},  10,405;  Munford,  5,227;  C. 
T.  Botts,  154;  Sutherland,  203;  Crittenden,  36;  Cone,  2,722;  S. 
P.  Weller,  25  ;  Blackburn,  52 ;  scattering,  87. 

For  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court—  Tharp,  13,873;  Morse,  6,040  ; 
S.  S.  Burt,  24;  T.  Higgins,  15;  Jack,  46;  scattering,  75. 

For  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction — Nooney,  3,144;. 
Tracy,  2,414;  C.  W.  Butterfield,  3,262;  Huddart,  1,151;  Bate- 
man,  2,227  ;  Brierly,  2,204  ;  Marvin,  3,823  ;  Ross,  84  ;  Bandini,  82  ; 
scattering,  237. 

McDougall  was,  therefore,  elected  attorney-general,  Tharp  clerk 
of  the  supreme  court,  and  Marvin  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion. 


CHAPTER  III. 

18S1.     Democratic  Convention.     Whig  Convention. 

The  first  democratic  convention  that  was  held  in  California  met 
in  the  Episcopal  church,  at  Benicia,  at  11  o'clock  on  Monday,  May 
19th,  and  was  called  to  order  by  James  M.  Estell.  Thomas  J. 
Henley  was  chosen  temporary  chairman,  and  on  permanent  organi- 
zation ex-Governor  Smith  of  Virginia  was  president,  and  Patten 
of  El  Dorado,  Alvarado  of  Contra  Costa,  Southerland  of  San  Diego, 
Joshua  Ralden  of  Tuolumne,  Bright  of  Yuba,  Ralston  of  Sacra- 
mento, Lowe  of  Butte,  Sutter  of  San  Francisco,  and  A.  C.  Bradford, 
vice-presidents.  In  the  evening  addresses  were  delivered  by  Will- 
iam M.  Gwin,  John  B.  Weller,  T.  J.  Henley,  Governor  John  Mc- 
Dougal,  and  others. 

On  the  20th,  John  B.  Weller,  John  Bigler,  Richard  Roman,  W. 
S.  Sherwood,  T  J.  Green,  Samuel  Brannan  and  John  McDougal 
were  placed  in  nomination  for  governor.  Bigler  was  nominated 
on  the  sixth  ballot,  the  results  of  the  different  ballotings  being  as 
follows  : 

First  Ballot— Weller,  18;  Roman,  35;  Bigler,  25;  Green,  12; 
Brannan,  1  ;  McDougal,  44 ;  Sherwood,  40. 

Second  Ballot— Weller,  21 ;  Roman,  35  ;  Bigler,  35;  Green,  5; 
Brannan,  1  ;  McDougal,  41  ;  Sherwood,  37. 

Third  Ballot — Roman,  43 ;  Bigler,  46  ;  Green,  7 ;  Brannan,  1  ; 
McDougal,  45  ;  Sherwood,  34. 


12          POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Fourth  Ballot — Roman,  40  ;  Bigler,  47  ;  Green,  7  ;  McDougal, 
42  ;  Sherwood,  40. 

Fifth  Ballot— Uom  in,  40;  Bigler,  79  ;  Green,  14;  McDougal, 
43 ;  Sherwood,  withdrawn. 

Sixth  Ballot— Roman,  39;  Bigler,  129;  Green,  4;  Brannan,  1  ; 
McDougal,  2. 

On  the  21st,  the  following  additional  nominations  were  made: 
Samuel  Purdy,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  second  ballot,  over 
Murphy  of  Calaveras  and  B.  F.  Keene.  Solomon  Heydenfeldt,  for 
justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  W.  D.  Fair. 
Richard  Roman,  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  W.  W.  Gift. 
Winslow  S.  Pierce,  for  controller,  without  opposition.  S.  0.  Hast- 
ings, for  attorney-general,  without  opposition.  William  M.  Eddy, 
for  surveyor-general,  without  opposition.  J.  W.  McCorkle  and 

E.  C.  Marshall,  for  congressmen,  over  E.  D.  Hall  (withdrawn),  J.  D. 
Van  Voorhies  (declined),   M.   F.   Hoit,  D.  W.  Murphy,  and  T.  B. 
Van  Buren  (declined). 

The  convention  adopted  a  lengthy  address  to  the  people,  and  a 
series  of  resolutions,  but  they  were  not  published  in  the  newspapers. 

The  whig  state  convention  met  at  Rev.  Mr.  Taylor's  M.  E. 
church,  on  Powell  street,  San  Francisco,  at  12  o'clock  on  Monday, 
May  26th.  It  was  called  to  order  by  P.  W.  Shepherd,  and  Dr.  John 

F.  Morse  was  the  temporary   chairman.      Delegates  were  present 
from  the  counties  of  San  Francisco,  Sacramento,  San  Diego,  Santa 
Clara,   Contra   Costa,   Santa   Cruz,   Solano,   El    Dorado,   Calaveras, 
Sutter,   Tuolumne,  Yuba,   Placer,    San  Joaquin,   Trinity,    Nevada, 
Butte,  Shasta,  Yolo,  Marin,  and  Mariposa. 

On  permanent  organization,  Gen.  John  Wilson  was  president,  and 

G.  R.  Griffin,  Captain  Rush,  J.  M.  Burt,  Alfred  Morgan,  and  James 
Fitton,  vice-presidents. 

On  the  27th  and  28th,  the  following  nominations  were  made: 
Pearson  B.  Reading,  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote 
of  43,  to  35  for  William  Waldo;  David  F.  Douglass  withdrawing. 
D.  P.  Baldwin,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
W.  D.  Fair.  E.  J.  C.  Kewen  and  B.  F.  Moore,  for  congressmen, 
over  Jesse  O.  Goodwin  (withdrawn),  R.  N.  Wood,  John  C.  Fall,  G. 
T.  Martin  (withdrawn),  and  Dr.  Peter  Smith.  Tod  Robinson,  for 
justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  D.  0.  Shat- 
tuck,  R.  N.  Morrison,  and  A.  F.  Wilson.  W.  D.  Fair,  for  attor- 
ney-general, on  the  first  ballot,  over  J.  O.  Goodwin,  Horace  Smith, 


WHIG  CONVENTION.  15 

and  Lorenzo  Sawyer.  J.  M.  Burt,  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballotr 
over  Albert  W.  Bee.  Alexander  G.  Abell,  for  controller,  on  the 
first  ballot,  over  George  O.  McMullin  and  James  B.  Devoe.  Walter 
Herron,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  William  H. 
Graham  and  F.  R.  Loring  (withdrawn). 

A  state  central  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  General 
John  Wilson,  R.  Hampton,  P.  W.  Tompkins,  Jesse  D.  Carr,  D.  H. 
Haskell,  R.  N.  Wood,  William  Robinson,  Judge  Chambers,  and 
James  E.  Wainwright. 

On  the  29th,  the  following  resolutions,  reported  by  J.  Neely  John- 
son, were  adopted : 

1.  That  we  are  opposed  to  the  sale  or  lease  of  the  mineral  land& 
of  California,  but  are  in  favor  of  the  same  being  held  by  the  general 
government,  for  the  benefit  of  the  miners,  to  be  worked  by  them, 
free  from  any  tax  or  toll  whatever. 

2.  That  in  the  adjustment  of  disputed  land  titles  in  this  state 
we  are  in  favor  of  the  same  being  referred  to  the  decision  of  com- 
missioners, under  authority  of  the  general  government,  with  the 
right  of  appeal  from  such  decision,  by  any  party  interested,  to  the 
proper  United  States  courts. 

3.  That  the  dictates  of  good  policy,  and  the  simple  demands  of 
justice,  require  at  the  hands  of  the  general  government  the  early 
extension  of    the   pre-emption    laws  over   the   public   domain  not 
embraced  within  the  mineral  lands  of  this  state;  the  adoption  of 
such  laws  as  shall  secure  to  actual  settlers  a  donation  of  such  public 
lands,  not  exceeding  one  hundred  acres,  to  each  head  of  a  family, 
and  also  to  provide  grants  of  the  same  to  be  made  to  such  persons 
as  have  settled  upon  private  lands  within  this  state,  and  made  valu- 
able improvements  upon  them,  in  good  faith,  supposing  the  same  to 
be  a  part  of  such  public  domain.  , 

4.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  general  government  granting  to 
this   state,   for  the  purposes  of    education  and   works   of   internal 
improvement,   a  quantity   of   public   lands,   at   least   equaling  the 
grants  heretofore  made,  or  hereafter  to  be  made,  to  the  most  favored 
states  of  the  union,  in  this  respect. 

5.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  liberal  appropriations  by  the  general 
government  for  works  of  a  public  character,  especially  the  improve- 
ment of  our  rivers  and  harbors. 

6.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  adoption  of  such  proper  measures 


14         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

by  the  general  government  as  shall  most  speedily  tend  to  foster  and 
aid  the  construction  of  a  railroad,  connecting  this  state  with  the 
Mississippi  valley. 

7.  That  the  establishment  of  steam  communication  between  this 
state,  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and  China,  is  of  the  utmost  importance, 
and  will  tend  greatly  to  the  advancement  of  the  commercial  and 
political  condition  of  the  whole  union,  and  especially  of  California; 
therefore,  we  approve  of  the  adoption  of  a  liberal  policy  by  the  gen- 
eral government  in  aid  of  such  an  enterprise. 

8.  That  the  failure  of  congress  to  make  provision  for  a  mint  in 
California  has  been  greatly  detrimental  to  the  interests  of  the  people 
of  the  state,  and  our  present  condition  and  wants  urgently  demand 
that  early  and  ample  appropriations  be  made  for  that  object. 

9.  That  we  have  a  just  and  equitable  claim  on  the  general  gov- 
ernment for  such  moneys  as  were  collected  by  her  officers,  as  revenue 
on  imports  in  this  state,  prior  to  our  admission  into  the  union. 

10.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  the  general  government  to  assume  the 
indebtedness  of  this  state  necessarily  contracted  in  the  protection 
and  defense  of  her  citizens,  from  Indian  warfare. 

11.  That  we  will  ever  maintain  the  due  execution  and  supremacy 
of  the  laws,  and,  that  the  people  may  not  be  subjected  to  onerous 
and  oppressive  taxation,  we  are  in  favor  of  the  strictest  economy  in 
the  administration  of  the  state  and  general  governments. 

12.  That  the  recent  compromise  measures  adopted  by  congress 
receive  our  cordial  approbation,  and  in  defense  of  the  constitution 
and  the  union  we  will  ever  be  found  faithful  and  true. 

The  democratic  candidates  were  early  on  the  stump,  and  the  cam- 
paign soon  became  exciting  and  interesting.  The  whigs  had  the 
greater  number  of  newspapers  supporting  their  ticket,  but  the  dem- 
ocrats had  the  better  speakers.  A  large  portion  of  the  people  depre- 
cated the  formation  of  parties  upon  the  basis  of  Atlantic  politics,  with 
the  plea  that  California  was  not  interested  in  those  questions,  and 
at  first  they  were  apathetic,  but  before  the  close  of  the  campaign 
almost  every  voter  had  taken  sides.  In  the  southern  portion  of  the 
state  some  dissatisfaction  was  manifested  with  both  tickets,  because 
there  was  no  representative  from  that  section,  and  a  movement  was 
made  to  put  an  independent  ticket  in  the  field.  Captain  Elisha  K. 
Kane  (U.  S.  A.),  who  was  then  stationed  on  this  coast,  was  nom- 
inated for  governor  by  the  people  of  the  south,  but  he  published 
his  withdrawal  in  the  early  part  of  August. 


FIRST  PRESIDENTIAL  CAMPAIGN.  15 

On  April  26th  the  legislature  passed  an  act  amending  the  election 
law  of  March  23,  1850,  and  changing  the  time  for  the  holding  of 
the  general  state  election  from  October  to  the  first  Wednesday  in 
September,  of  each  year. 

Accordingly,  the  election  of  1851  was  held  on  September  3d,  at 
which  the  entire  democratic  ticket  was  elected. 

The  official  canvass  of  the  votes  developed  this  result: 

For  Governor— Bigler,  22,613;  Reading,  21,531. 

For  Lieutenant-Governor— Purdy,  23,373;  Baldwin,  19,656. 

For  Judge  of  Supreme  Court — Heydenfeldt,  24,428;  Robinson, 
20,670. 

For  Treasurer— Roman,  24,666;  Burt,  19,777. 

For  Controller— Pierce,  22,996;  Abell,  20,675. 

For  Attorney-General— Hastings,  23,016;  Fair,  21,044. 

For  Surveyor-General—  Eddy,  22,678;  Herron,  21,473. 

For  Congressmen— Marshall,  23,604;  McOorkle,  23,624;  Kewen, 
20,407;  Moore,  19,071. 

On  January  8,  1852,  the  legislature  met  in  joint  convention  and 
canvassed  the  election  returns  for  governor  and  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor. The  whig  members  objected  to  considering  the  returns 
from  some  of  the  counties,  on  the  ground  that  they  had  been  opened 
by  parties  other  than  the  speaker  of  the  house,  and,  as  they  claimed, 
unlawfully.  An  animated  discussion  followed,  when  a  motion  to 
throw  out  the  returns  alleged  to  be  irregular  was  laid  on  the  table — 
6-)  to  16.  The  convention  then  declared  Bigler  and  Purdy  to  have 
been  elected.  The  whigs  always  claimed  that  their  ticket  had  been 
elected,  but  that  it  had  been  defeated  on  the  count  of  the  votes. 
While  the  convention  was  in  session  Governor  McDougal  sent  in 
his  resignation,  but  it  was  not  accepted.  About  an  hour  afterward 
the  legislature  again  met  in  convention,  and  Bigler  was  inaugurated 
governor. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

1852.  First  Presidential  Campaign — Whig  Convention,  February 
igth — Democratic  Convention,  February  236. — Whig  Convention, 
June  yth — Democratic  Convention,  July  2Oth — Free  Soil  Conven- 
tion— First  Presidential  Election. 

Preparations  for   the  first  presidential    campaign  in    California 
were  early  commenced,  and  each  of  the  great  parties  had  active 


16         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

organizers  in  the  field.  There  was  a  pride  in  the  result  of  the  first 
presidential  election  in  the  state  that  gave  energy  to  the  work,  and 
it  soon  became  apparent  that  the  campaign  would  be  full  of  life. 

Unfortunately  for  the  democrats,  a  division  occurred  in  their 
party  in  San  Francisco,  between  the  adherents  of  Stephen  A.  Doug- 
las and  the  friends  of  the  other  presidential  candidates.  The 
Douglas  party  was  considerably  in  the  minority,  but  it  made  up  in 
tact  what  it  lacked  in  strength,  and  the  feud  that  was  engendered 
partook  of  all  the  bitterness  that  characterized  the  subsequent  dis- 
sensions in  the  democratic  party  in  this  state. 

On  December  23,  1851,  a  primary  election  of  that  party  was  held 
in  San  Francisco,  and  two  sets  of  delegates  to  the  county  convention 
claimed  the  election.  The  general  committee  gave  credentials  to 
one  set,  and  the  other  delegation  went  in  without  certificates.  A 
double  convention  was  the  result,  and  each  branch  elected  delegates 
to  the  state  convention.  One  set  was  designated  the  "  general  com 
mittee"  delegates,  while  the  other  was  called  the  "protest"  dele- 
gates. 

The  whigs  were  united  all  over  the  state. 


The  whig  state  convention  met  on  Thursday,  February  19th,  at 
Rev.  Mr.  Benton's  church,  Sacramento.  George  O.  McMullin  was 
chosen  temporary  chairman,  and  afterwards  president ;  and  G.  A. 
Shurtleff,  W.  R.  Hopkins,  A.  Hinchman  and  others,  vice-presidents. 

On  the  20th,  the  convention  proceeded  to  select  delegates  to  attend 
the  national  convention.  On  the  first  ballot  113  votes  were  cast, 
of  which  W.  Heath  had  1,  J.  H.  C.  Mudd  22,  A.  A.  H.  Tuttle  3, 
Isaac  Davis  5,  R.  N.  Morrison  2,  B.  F.  Whittier  7,  William  M. 
Stewart  39,  A.  C.  Monson  10,  A.  J.  Ellis  17,  John  A.  Lyle  6,  and 
Gregory  Yale  1.  There  was  no  choice,  and  the  name  of  Morrison 
was  withdrawn. 

On  the  second  ballot  Stewart  had  102  votes,  and  was  elected. 

On  the  third  ballot  Jesse  O.  Goodwin  received  64  votes,  and  was 
elected. 

On  the  fifth  ballot  Mudd  was  elected,  having  received  57  votes. 

On  the  seventh  ballot  Heath  was  elected,  having  received  68 
votes. 

On  the  last  ballot  John  H.  Moore  arid  E.  T.  Wilson  were  among 

O 

the  unsuccessful  candidates. 

A.  Morgan  was  selected  as  the  substitute  delegate  for  Mudd,  J.  A. 


DEMOCRA  TIC  CONVENTION.  \ 7 

Lyle  for  Goodwin,  Isaac  Davis  for  Stewart,  and  B.  F.  Whittier  for 
Heath. 

On  the  21st,  a  determined  but  unsuccessful  effort  was  made  to 
nominate  presidential  electors,  instead  of  having  a  subsequent  con- 
vention for  that  purpose.  A  great  deal  of  feeling  was  engendered 
by  the  discussion,  and  a  number  of  the  delegates  retired  from  the 
hall  when  it  was  announced  that  the  proposition  had  been  defeated. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  composed  of  Dr.  John  F.  Morse, 
E.  J.  C.  Kewen,  Tod  Robinson,  I.  N.  Hoag,  John  Wilson,  H.  A. 
Crabbe,  Thos.  Robinson,  and  R.  H.  Taylor. 

The  whig  state  platform  of  1851  was  re-adopted. 

The  democratic  state  convention  met  on  Monday,  February  23d, 
at  Sacramento.  The  two  sets  of  delegates  from  San  Francisco 
appeared — one  headed  by  David  0.  Broderick,  and  the  other  by 
El  can  Heydenfeldt,  and  they  created  a  serious  disturbance  in  the 
convention. 

On  simultaneous  motions  J.  W.  Coffroth  and  Walker  of  Yuba 
sprang  upon  the  stage,  and  each  endeavored  to  act  as  temporary 
chairman.  For  a  time  there  was  the  greatest  excitement,  when  a 
motion  was  made  requesting  each  aspirant  to  withdraw  from  the 
stand,  that  it  might  be  decided  who  was  the  choice  of  the  conven- 
tion; but  Broderick  was  too  quick  for  the  other  side,  and  when  the 
question  on  the  motion  was  about  to  be  put,  he  sprang  to  his  feet 
and  named  T.  B.  Van  Buren  as  chairman  pro  tern.,  and  decided  that 
that  gentleman  had  been  chosen.  Amidst  great  confusion  Van 
Buren  reached  the  chair. 

When  something  like  order  was  restored  another  disagreement 
arose  upon  the  chairman  refusing  to  put  the  question  when  a  divis- 
ion was  called  for  on  the  vote  for  secretary. 

Isaac  B.  Wall  then  moved  "that  the  chairman  be  respectfully 
requested  to  leave  the  stand;"  he  put  the  motion  himself,  and  declared 
that  it  had  carried,  but  Van  Buren  refused  to  vacate  the  stand. 

M.  S.  Latham  moved,  in  order  to  quell  the  disturbance,  that  both 
sets  of  delegates  from  San  Francisco  be  requested  to  leave  the  room. 
The  motion  prevailed,  and  the  parties  retired.  A  debate  then  sprang 
up,  which  consumed  the  remainder  of  the  day,  upon  the  claims  of 
the  delegates  from  San  Francisco  to  seats  in  the  convention.  This 
debate  was  resumed  on  the  24th,  when  counsel  for  the  competing 
sets  of  delegates  addressed  the  convention;  Judge  Heydenfeldt  and 
ex-Governor  Smith  of  Virginia  representing  the  protesting  delegates, 


IS         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

and  Alexander  Wells  and  Edmund  Randolph  representing  the  gen- 
eral committee  delegates. 

At  the  evening  session  the  convention  decided,  by  a  vote  of  100  to 
64,  to  admit  the  protesting  delegates. 

On  the  25th,  a  permanent  organization  was  effected,  by  the  elec- 
tion of  Milton  S.  Latham  as  president,  by  a  vote  of  169,  to  116  for 
James  W.  Coffroth.  B.  H.  Williams,  Joseph  Walkup,  William  S. 
Patterson,  S.  R.  Harris,  Andres  Pico,  R.  B.  Buchanan,  Dr.  S.  A. 
McMeans,  Juan  B.  Alvarado,  J.  L.  Warner,  Isaac  B.  Wall,  S.  Flem- 
ing, and  R.  Ashe  were  elected  vice-presidents.  William  H.  Richard- 
son, J.  M.  Covarrubias,  Joshua  Holden,  and  Henry  A.  Lyons  were 
elected  delegates  to  attend  the  national  convention,  over  Thomas  J. 
Green,  0.  C.  Hornsby,  J.  J.  Bryant,  Jacob  Frye,  James  Schofield, 
M.  M.  Wombough,  John  Middleton,  E.  W.  Roberts,  Harrison  Olm- 
stead,  J.  J.  Warner,  S.  0.  Foster,  E.  D.  Wheeler,  W.  McDaniels, 
Charles  Loring,  E.  D.  Hammond,  and  M.  Miller.  E.  D.  Hammond, 
Amos  T.  Laird,  Charles  Loring,  and  M.  M.  Wombough  were  elected 
substitute  delegates. 

The  convention  did  not  adopt  resolutions.  The  following  resolu- 
tion was  offered : 

That,  in  the  opinion  of  this  convention,  it  is  unwise,  and  by  no 
means  necessary,  to  instruct  our  delegates  for  whom  they  shall  cast 
their  votes  in  the  national  convention.  That,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
democratic  party  of  California,  it  is  not  at  this  time  our  best  policy 
to  discriminate  between  the  many  prominent  citizens  of  our  party 
whose  names  are  spoken  of  for  president  and  vice-president  of  the 
United  States.  T^hat  the  democratic  party  of  California  have  full 
and  entire  confidence  in  the  integrity  and  democratic  principles  of 
Lewis  Cass,  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  W.  R.  King,  James  Buchanan, 
W.  O.  Butler,  R.  J.  Walker,  and  Sam  Houston,  and  that  the  demo- 
cracy of  this  state  will  cheerfully  support  either  of  them  or  any 
other  good  democrat  for  president  or  vice-president,  if  selected  by 
the  national  democratic  convention. 

Denver  moved  to  amend  and  instruct  the  delegates  to  vote  for 
Douglas  for  president;  and  a  substitute  was  offered  declaring  in 
favor  of  any  "  union  compromise  candidate,"  but  the  whole  matter 
was  laid  on  the  table.  Subsequently  another  resolution  in  favor  of 
Douglas  for  president  was  offered,  but  after  discussion  it  was  with- 
drawn. 

On  the  25th,  the  San  Francisco  general  committee  delegates  pub- 


WHIG  CONVENTION.  19 

ilished  a  protest  against  the  action  of  the  state  convention,  by  which 
they  said  they  had  been  deprived  of  their  rights.  They  claimed  that 
they  had  been  regularly  chosen.  The  protest  was  signed  by  Edmund 
Randolph,  Eugene  Casserly,  D.  C.  Broderick,  F.  P.  Tracy,  Herman 
Wohler,  John  A.  McGlynn,  Alexander  Wells,  W.  M.  Eddy,  Edward 
McGowan,  James  A.  McDougall,  Henry  H.  Haight,  H.  H.  Byrne, 
Oeo.  McDougal,  David  Scannell,  and  others. 

Another  whig  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento,  on  June  7th. 
It  organized  by  electing  J.  Neely  Johnson,  president,  and  D.  F. 
Douglass,  T.  D.  Johns,  E.  W.  Gemmill,  S.  S.  Brooks,  E.  0.  Bell,  0. 
McDonald,  Robert  Tevis,  Orrin  Bailey,  L.  Sawyer,  and  others,  vice- 
presidents. 

On  the  8th,  the  following  nominations  were  made  : 

J.  M.  Huntington,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court  (long  term), 
over  Stanton  Buckner  and  David  0.  Shattuck. 

Stan  ton  Buckner,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court  (short  term), 
over  John  Chetwood. 

Geo.  B.  Tingley  and  P.  L.  Edwards,  for  members  of  congress,  over 
H.  A.  Crabbe,  Calhoun  Benham,  Johnson  Price,  J.  T.  McOarty, 
R.  N.  Wood,  E.  F.  W.  Ellis,  Frank  Soule,  D.  0.  Shattuck,  E.  J.  0. 
Kewen,  Tod  Robinson,  and  John  0.  Fall. 

John  C.  Fall,  D.  H.  Haskell,  T.  D.  Johns,  and  James  E.  Hale, 
for  presidential  electors. 

Thos.  Robinson,  A.  Maurice,  William  A.  Robinson,  and  Samuel 
Barney,  for  alternate  electors. 

Wm.  W.  Hawks,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court. 

The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

1.  That  as  congress  has  donated  lands  to  actual  settlers  in  Oregon, 
we  do  insist  that  it  is  but  a  simple  act  of  justice  that  the  same 
liberality  should  be  extended  to  every  actual  settler  in  California, 
for  we  do  not  recognize  the  justice  of  the  rule  that  would  grant  such 
boon  to  the  one,  and  refuse  it  to  the  other. 

2.  That  in  all  cases  where  American  citizens  have  in  good  faith, 
settled  upon  lands,  believing  the  same  to  be  a  part  of  the  public 
domain,  but  which  shall  prove  to  be  private  property,  in  every  such 
instance  the  general  government  should  give  such  settler  at  least 
oiie  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  public  land,  as  a  compensation  for 
improvements  and  loss  sustained  by  reason  of  such  settlement. 

3.  That  we    respectfully   insist   that  congress    shall    donate    an 
amount  of   public  lands  to  the  state  of  California,  equal  to  that 


20         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

hitherto  granted  to  any  other  new  state.  On  no  just  ground  could 
they  grant  to  us  less,  and,  owing  to  our  peculiar  situation,  we  could 
reasonably  demand  more. 

4.  That  we  are  opposed  to  the  sale  or  lease  of  the  mineral  lands 
of  California,  and  as  whigs  we  now,  as  heretofore,  hold  the  doctrine 
that  they  shall  be  left  free  to  the  industry  and  enterprise  of  Ameri- 
can  citizens,  native   or   adopted,  subject  to  such  laws,  rules,  and 
regulations  as  may  be  from  time  to  time  prescribed  by  those  inter- 
ested therein. 

5.  That  common  justice  demands  at  the  hands  of  congress,  the 
prompt  establishment  of  a  branch  of  the  United  States  mint  in  Cali- 
fornia— a  subject  recommended  by  a  whig  president  to  congress — in 
order  to  give  to  gold  its  full  value  in  the  hands  of  the  miner ;  a  re- 
commendation which  a  so-called  democratic  congress   has  hitherto 
refused  to  carry  out — preferring  to  add  to  the  coffers  of  foreign 
bankers  rather  than  aid  in  giving  full  value  to  the  daily  toil  of  Cali- 
fornia miners. 

6.  That  congress  should  speedily  establish  a  weekly  mail  com- 
munication   between  the  Atlantic  and   Pacific,   and    should  make 
liberal  appropriations  to  establish  a  line  of  steamers  between  San 
Francisco  and  China,  Japan,  and  the  intermediate  islands  of  the 
Pacific,  giving  the  citizens  of  California  a  preference  in  extending 
aid  to  accomplish  this  great  national  object. 

7.  That  we  most  heartily  approve  the  whig  doctrine  of  internal 
improvements,  knowing,  as  we  do  full  well,  that  the  prevalence  of 
this  doctrine  as  advocated  and  carried  out  by  the  whig  party,  has 
been  one  of  the  great  leading  causes  of  the  rapid  rise,  growth,  and 
unexampled  prosperty  of  our  common  country. 

8.  That  it  is  a  paramount  duty  that  congress  owes  to  California, 
as  well  as  to  the  whole  union,  to  speedily  undertake  and  promptly 
prosecute  to  completion  a  railway  from  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi 
to  the  Pacific  ocean. 

9.  That  we  hold  it  as  one  of  the  paramount  duties  of  congress  to 
make  liberal  appropriations  for  the  improvement  of  the  harbors, 
bays,  and  navigable  rivers  of  California ;  likewise  for  the  erection  of 
custom  houses,  light-houses,  docks,  fog-bells,  and  all  other  improve- 
ments tending  to  protect  and  facilitate  trade  and  commerce. 

10.  That  it  is  the  imperative  duty  of  congress  to  refund  without 
delay,  to  California,  the  large  sums  extorted  from  her  citizens  before 
her  admission  into  the  union,  under  the  disguise  of  custom-house 
dues  or  public  revenue,  but  which  were  in  fact  only  military  exac- 
tions, levied  without  color  of  law,  the  enormity  of  which  has  no  par- 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  21 

allel  in  the  history  of  our  government,  unless  it  shall  hereafter  be 
found  in  the  adoption  of  a  proposition  recently  introduced  into  the 
senate  of  the  United  States  by  a  distinguished  representative  of  the 
democracy  of  California,  to  rob  the  bona  fide  lawful  owner  of  his 
lands  under  the  pretense  of  law,  whilst  the  validity  and  justice  of 
his  title  is  confessed. 

11.  That  with  the  vast  capabilities  of  California,  it  is  indispensi- 
ble  that  her  legislation  should  be  especially  directed  to  the  speedy 
development  of  her  agricultural  resources,  the  building  up  of  manu- 
factures, the  extension  and  protectign  of  her  commercial  interests, 
and  the  encouragement  of  domestic  industry  in  all  its  branches. 
Such,  in  the  opinion  of  this  convention,  has  not  been  the  character 
of  its  legislation  under  democratic  rule. 

12.  That  we  concur  with  the  self-styled  democratic  convention 
that  assembled  at  Benicia,  in  their  resolution  declaring   that  the 
general  government,  in  the  hands  of  a  so-called  democratic  senate 
and  house  of  representatives,  "  have  been  guilty  of  the  most  culpa- 
ble neglect  of  the  higher  interests  of  California,  and  have  utterly  dis- 
regarded the  wants  and  demands  of  the  people." 

13.  That  we  regard  the  series  of  measures  recently  adopted  by 
congress,  denominated  the  compromise  measures,  as  a  settlement  of 
those   questions    on  a  basis  alike  just  and  honorable,  and  we  will 
strictly  maintain  and  support  them  as  such. 

14  That  it  is  the  duty  of  the  general  government  to  assume  the 
indebtedness  of  this  state  necessarily  contracted  in  the  protection 
and  defence  of  her  citizens  in  warfare. 

15.  That  we  will  support  the  doctrines  set  forth  in  the  foregoing 
resolutions,  for  the  reason  that  they  are  whig  doctrines,  and  if  car- 
ried out  will  not  only  promote  all  the  great  leading  interests  of 
California,  but  of  the  whole  union ;  and  as  whigs,  we  pledge  our 
united  and  individual  advocacy  of  the  same,  before  the  people. 

John  M.  Huntington,  the  nominee  for  justice  of  the  supreme 
court,  resigned  his  place  on  the  ticket  on  August  21st,  and  on  Sep- 
tember 8th  the  whig  central  committee  nominated  John  Chetwood 
for  the  office,  over  David  O.  Shattuck ;  but  Chetwood  died  at  San 
Francisco  on  the  17th  of  that  month,  and  on  the  25th  the  committee 
filled  the  vacancy  on  the  ticket  by  nominating  E.  W.  F.  Sloan. 

A  second  democratic  convention  met  at  Benicia,  on  Tuesday,  July 
20th,  with  258  delegates  present.  The  San  Francisco  delegates  repre- 
sented by  proxies  four  other  counties,  and  a  motion  to  rule  out 
proxies  created  a  commotion,  but  was  defeated. 


22         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  convention  was  called  to  order  by  F.  P.  Tracy,  and  Wm.  H. 
Lyon  was  chosen  temporary  chairman.  On  permanent  organization, 
W.  T.  Barbour  was  president,  and  E.  Allen,  A.  Ludlow,  C.  Cull  edge, 
W.  Robinson,  0.  T.  Ryland,  A.  Randall,  R.  H.  Deering,  and  Col. 
Thorne,  vice-presidents. 

On  the  21st,  the  following  nominations  were  made  : 

Milton  S.  Latham,  for  congressman  from  the  northern  district,  on 
the  first  ballot,  having  received  193  votes,  to  78  for  Joseph  W.  Mc- 
Corkle  and  27  for  James  W.  Denver ;  B.  F.  Keene  withdrawing. 

James  A.  McDougall,  for  congressman  from  the  southern  district, 
on  the  first  ballot,  receiving  165  votes,  to  130  for  R.  P.  Hammond, 
2  for  E.  C.  Marshal],  and  1  for  A.  0.  Peachy ;  Thos.  B.  Van  Buren 
withdrawing. 

Hugh  0.  Murray,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court  (long  term),  by 
acclamation  ;  J.  Churchman  withdrawing. 

Alexander  Wells,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court  (short  term),  on 
the  fifth  ballot,  over  Seth  B.  Farwell,  Alexander  Anderson,  James- 
Churchman,  and  A.  P.  Crittenden. 

P.  K.  Woodside,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  fifth  ballot, 
over  E.  H.  Tharp,  James  G.  Stebbins,  Wm.  Haskins,  W.  G.  Marcy, 
L.  B.  Mizner,  and  James  L.  Trask. 

On  the  22d,  the  following  additional  nominations  were  made  : 

W.  S.  Sherwood,  J.  W.  Gregory,  Thos.  J.  Henley,  and  Andres 
Pico,  for  presidential  electors,  over  Blanton  McAlpin,  John  Y.  Lind, 
J.  L.  Brent,  J.  0.  Palmer  (withdrawn),  F.  P.  Tracy  (withdrawn),. 
Wm.  Smith,  and  Wm.  McDaniel. 

J.  L.  Brent,  L.  B.  Mizner,  J.  A.  Watson  and  S.  B.  Farwell,  for 
alternate  electors 

The  following  resolutions  were  reported  : 

1.  That  we  cordially  approve  of  the  nominations  for  president 
and  vice-president  of  the  United  States,  made  at  the  recent  demo- 
cratic national  convention,  and  that  we  also  approve  of  the  general 
resolutions  adopted  as  a  platform  by  that  body ;  and  we  pledge  our- 
selves   to    give    General    Franklin  Pierce  and  Wm.   R.  King,  the 
nominees,  our  united,  hearty  and  enthusiastic  support. 

2.  That  the  democratic  party  is  in  favor  of  the  donation  of  the 
public  lands  to  American  citizens,  whether  native  or  naturalized, 
who  become  actual  settlers,  in  quantities  not  exceeding  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  to  each  settler. 

3.  That  we  view  the  project  of  a  great  national  railroad  from  the 
Atlantic  states  to  the  Pacific  ocean  as  a  measure  of  great  impor- 


CONVENTION  OF  FREE-SOIL  DEMOCRATS.  23 

tance,  believing  that  its  completion  will  tend  to  cement  the  bonds  of 
the  American  union ;  that  it  will  not  only  connect  the  various  local 
interests  of  this  country,  but  will  give  us  the  control  of  a  large  share 
of  the  trade  and  commerce  of  the  world,  and  increase  our  influence 
and  power  with  other  nations. 

4.  That  we  recommend  to  our  delegation  in  congress  to  use  every 
exertion  in  their  power  to  have  some  measure  adopted  to  secure  the 
early  commencement  and  completion  of  this  work. 

After  a  discussion,  the  second  resolution  was  laid  on  the  table, 
and  the  following  was  adopted  as  a  substitute  : 

2.  That  all  public  lands  of  California  ought  to  be  reserved  by  the 
government  from  sale,  and  granted  to  citizens  and  actual  settlers. 

The  balance  of  the  resolutions  were  then  adopted. 

John  Conness  offered  a  resolution  that  all  contracts  for  labor 
made  outside  of  the  state,  either  in  any  of  the  other  states  or  in  for- 
eign countries  should  not  be  deemed  valid,  and  it  was  laid  on  the 
table. 

A  resolution  was  unanimously  adopted  declaring  "  that  we  do  not 
approve  of  the  bill  offered  by  Tingley,  in  the  legislature,  providing 
for  the  introduction  of  serfs  or  coolies  into  California  to  compete 
with  white  laborers,  who  at  the  same  time  constitute  the  democracy 
and  aristocracy  of  this  state." 

The  free  soil  democrats  held  a  convention  on  October  15th,  at  San 
Francisco,  and  nominated  for  presidential  electors,  Joseph  Lloyd, 
Asa  Walker,  Asa  D.  Hatch  and  J.  Bryant  Hill.  No  nominations 
were  made  for  state  officers.  A  state  central  committee  was  ap- 
pointed, and  an  address  was  issued  earnestly  inviting  "  the  friends 
of  the  cause  to  unite  in  using  every  lawful  means,  morally  and  politi- 
cally, to  free  our  country  from  the  foul  stain  and  curse  of  slavery." 

The  election  was  held  on  November  2d,  and  the  democratic  ticket 
was  successful. 

For  President— Scott,  34,971  ;  Pierce,  39,665;  Hale,  100. 

For  Congressmen — Edwards,  31,814;  Tingley,  31,774;  Latham, 
36,961  ;  McDougall,  35,685. 

For  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court — long  term — Sloan,  32,160; 
Murray,  36,420.  Short  term— Buckner,  32,859;  Wells,  35,453. 

For  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court — Hawks,  32,859  ;  Woodside, 
35,627. 


24         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  democratic  presidential  electors  met  at  Vallejo  on  December 
1st,  and  cast  the  vote  of  the  state  for  Pierce  and  King.  On  the 
eighth  ballot  Henley  was  selected  to  convey  the  returns  to  Wash- 
ington. 


CHAPTER  V. 

18S3.     Democratic     Convention— Whig    Convention— Result    of    the 

Election. 

On  April  20th,  the  democratic  state  committee  issued  a  call  for  a 
state  convention  of  that  party,  to  consist  of  238  delegates,  and  pur- 
suant to  that  call  the  convention  met  at  Benicia,  on  Tuesday,  June 
21st.  It  was  called  to  order  by  David  0.  Broderick,  the  chairman 
of  the  state  committee,  and  James  W.  Coffroth  was  called  to  the 
chair  temporarily.  A  permanent  organization  was  effected  by  the 
selection  of  A.  0.  Bradford,  as  president ;  and  Richard  Irwin,  I.  S. 
K.  Ozier,  John  Nye,  J.  Warner,  B.  Bryant,  A.  W.  Goodwin,  Wm. 
H.  Smith,  John  H.  McKune,  and  W.  H.  Endicott,  as  vice-presi- 
dents. 

On  the  22d,  John  Bigler  was  nominated  for  governor  on  the  first 
ballot — receiving  134  votes,  to  58  for  Richard  Roman,  and  47  for 
Henry  P.  Haun. 

On  the  23d,  the  following  additional  nominations  were  made  : 

Samuel  Purdy,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  second  ballot,  over  Jesse 
Brush,  Joseph  C.  McKibben,  John  J.  Warner,  A.  0.  Bradford,  and 
Charles  F.  Lott;  W.  H.  Lyons,  J.  M.  Covarrubias,  C.  H.  Bryan, 
F.  Yeiser,  A.  M.  Winn,  and  Philip  Moore  withdrawing. 

Alexander  Wells,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  without 
opposition. 

John  R.  McConnell,  for  attorney-general,  without  opposition. 

S.  A.  McMeans,  for  treasurer,  without  opposition. 

Samuel  Bell,  for  controller,  on  the  fourth  ballot,  over  B.  F.  Lip- 
pincott  and  W.  S.  Pierce ;  W.  C.  Kibbe  withdrawing. 

Paul  K.  Hubbs,  for  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  on  the 
first  ballot,  over  John  G.  Marvin,  Judge  Watson,  and  Isaac  Bragg. 

S.  H.  Marlette,  for  surveyor  general,  on  the  second  ballot,  over  F. 
McDonald. 

The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

1.  That  the  true  interests  of  the  state  demand  that  the  public 


DEMOCRA  TIC  CONVENTION.  25 

lands  be  disposed  of  in  limited  quantities  to  actual  settlers,  and  that 
it  is  unwise  to  adopt  any  policy  that  may  tend  to  encourage  a 
landed  monopoly,  but  at  the  same  time  we  cherish  as  a  right,  guaran- 
teed by  the  consitution,  that  every  citizen  shall  be  protected  by  law 
to  the  fullest  extent,  in  his  person  and  in  his  property. 

2.  That  the  surest  and  most  speedy  method  of  developing  the 
resources  of  the  state,  promoting  industry,  and  elevating  society,  is 
to  encourage,  by  the  enactment  of  proper  laws,  the  ownership  and 
cultivation  of  the  soil  in  limited  quantities  by  actual  settlers. 

3.  That  the  democratic  party  cherishes  as  among  the  best  features 
in  the  constitution  of  this  state,  those  which  protect  the  laborer 
from  degradation  and  oppression ;  that  special  legislation,  and  par- 
ticularly the  formation  of  special  corporations,  is  at  all  times  dan- 
gerous ;    and  that  general   incorporation  laws,    while   they   should 
protect  the  honest  and  legitimate  application  of  associated  capital, 
should  not  allow  the  irresponsible  contraction  of  debts  or  a  mono- 
poly of  privileges. 

4.  That  we  recognize  to  the  fullest  extent,  the  principle  that  all 
political  power  exists  in  the  hands  of  the  people,  and  that  constitu- 
tions and  laws  are  but  the  expressions  of  the  popular  will ;  there- 
fore, we  deprecate  any  change  of  the  constitution  of  this  state,  other 
than  by  amendments,   until  such  an  amendment  shall  have  been 
incorporated  in  it  as  shall  guarantee  to  the  people  that  the  constitu- 
tion prepared  by  a  convention  for  its  revision  shall  be  submitted  to 
the  people  for  their  ratification  or  rejection. 

5.  That    the    increasing    permanent    population    of    our    state 
demands  a  more  complete  organization  of  our  common  school  system, 
under  such  enactments  as  will  best  preserve  the  property  of  the  state 
set  apart  by  the  constitution  for  this  purpose,  and  apply  the  pro- 
ceeds exclusively  to  such  a  system  of  education  for  the  children  of 
the  state  as  will  make  them  intelligent  and  independent  citizens. 

6.  That,  in  the  democratic  state  conventions  hereafter  to  be  held 
in  this  state,  each  county  shall  be  entitled  to  one  vote,  and  one  addi- 
tional vote  for  every  200  democratic  votes  cast  at  the  general  elec- 
tion next  preceding  the  time  of  holding  the  convention,  taking  the 
highest  vote  cast  for  any  state  officer,  and  also  one  vote  for  a  frac- 
tion of  no  less  than  100  votes. 

7.  That  we  reaffirm   the  resolutions  adopted  by  the  democratic 
state    convention  of   last  July,  to  wit :     (Quoting  the   third    and 
fourth  resolutions  adopted  by  the  convention  of  July  20,  1852.) 

8.  That  we  recommend  to  our  delegates  in  congress  to  use  every 
exertion  in  their  power  to  secure  the  early  completion  of  the  work. 


26         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  following  central  committee  was  appointed  :  D.  C.  Broderick, 
J.  Middleton,  D.  Scannell,  M.  E.  Flannagan,  D.  Mahoney,  M.  J. 
Swasey,  J.  T.  Hall,  J.  H.  McKune,  G.  W.  Colby,  H.  P.  Haun,  and 
R.  P.  Hammond. 

The  whig  convention  convened  at  Sacramento,  on  Wednesday, 
July  6th,  and  was  composed  of  384  delegates.  Madison  Walthall 
was  chosen  president  pro  tern.  On  permanent  organization,  S.  P. 
Mulford,  was  president,  and  H.  C.  Malone,  VV.  G.  Brown,  A.  Farns- 
worth,  D.  Sheppard,  J.  0.  Hawthorne,  A.  W.  Bee,  Horace  Smith, 
James  McVicker,  E.  S.  Lathrop,  and  A.  M.  Rosborough,  vice- 
presidents. 

On  the  7th,  the  following  nominations  were  made  : 

William  Waldo,  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  receiving  345 
votes,  to  39  for  P.  B.  Reading;  D.  O.  Shattuck  withdrawing. 

Henry  Eno,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Jesse 
O.  Goodwin,  William  Blackburn,  David  F.  Douglass,  James  M, 
Warner,  and  Frank  Soule. 

Tod  Robinson,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  fourth 
ballot,  over  Calhoun  Benham,  Lorenzo  Sawyer,  R.  N.  Wood,  W.  R, 
Turner,  John  Currey,  and  D.  O.  Shattuck. 

D.  K.  Newell,  for  attorney-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  J. 
Neely  Johnson,  W.  S.  Spear,  and  Elcan  Heydenfeldt. 

Gilbert  F.  Winters,  for  controller,  on  the  fourth  ballot,  over  0.  I. 
Hutchinson,  R.  B.  Hampton,  J.  Brewster,  J.  McPherson,  C.  J, 
Brenham,  and  Samuel  Knight. 

Samuel  Knight,  for  treasurer,  over  M.  Walthall,  Beverly  C. 
Saunders,  W.  A.  Robertson,  and  Geo.  Pendleton. 

S.  E.  Woodworth,  for  surveyor-general,  over  W.  A.  Eliason,  and 
Sherman  Day. 

Sherman  Day,  for  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  over  T.  J. 
Kevins,  John  M.  Howe,  William  Taylor,  A.  G.  McOandlass,  O.  G, 
Wheeler,  T.  C.  Crouch,  and  M.  C.  Briggs. 

The  following  preamble  and  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

WHEREAS,  the  dominant  party  of  the  state  have,  by  mismanage- 
ment and  corruption,  bankrupted  the  treasury,  and  loaded  us  with 
a  debt  too  grievous  to  be  borne,  and  which  sits  like  an  incubus  upon 
all  our  energies ;  and  whereas,  by  caucussing  and  pipe-laying 
management,  the  most  honest  portion  of  the  democracy  have  been 
out-generaled,  and  honor  and  office  withheld  from  them,  giving  us 
nothing  to  hope  for  the  future  from  the  party  in  power  but  con- 


WHIG  CONVENTION.  27 

tinued  corruption  and  misrule,  and  the  concomitant  evils  of  tyranny 
and  oppression  ;  therefore,  we,  the  whig  convention  of  California, 
believe  that  a  crisis  has  arisen  in  our  affairs  of  state  that  loudly 
demands  the  exercise  of  the  highest  patriotism,  and  a  united  concert 
of  action  to  reform  the  state,  on  the  part  of  all  those  who  believe 
with  us  that  public  plunder  is  the  object  of  the  dominant  party,  is 
of  more  importance  than  the  discussion  of  national  issues. 

To  particularize,  let  us  submit  facts  to  a  candid  and  oppressed 
people:  the  dominant  party  of  the  state  has,  in  its  short  but  fast 
career,  collected  and  disbursed  one- million  five  hundred  thousand 
dollars  of  the  people's  money,  and  fixed  a  debt  upon  our  labor,  prop- 
erty, and  energy  of  three  millions  of  dollars  more.  The  enormous 
sum  of  $4,500,000  has  in  three  short  years  been  expended — not  for 
public  buildings,  public  improvements,  or  public  works,  but  to  fatten 
and  strengthen  official  cormorants,  and  make  their  power  for  evil 
greater  than  before.  The  party  in  power  has  passed  "  stamp  acts," 
notarial,  port  warden,  and  other  laws  and  edicts  more  oppressive 
than  the  stamp  act  which  excited  our  forefathers  to  arms. 

It  has  neglected  to  pass  laws  for  the  protection  of  property,  or 
common  welfare  of  the  people,  but  on  the  contrary  has  oppressed  our 
citizens  with  the  most  grievous  taxation  ;  it  has  created  useless 
offices,  and  given  large  salaries  to  sinecures  in  office,  to  strengthen 
the  hands  that  oppress  us,  and  render  us  less  able  to  resist  oppres- 
sion. For  these  and  many  other  reasons,  Resolved, 

1.  That  we  most  heartily  disapprove  and  condemn  the  administra- 
tion of  the  government  of  the  state  since  the  organization  thereof, 
the  results  of  which  have  eventuated  in  squandering  $1,500,000,  by 
the  official  cormorants  who  have  been  a  constant  curse  upon  the 
state. 

2.  That  the  annual  expenditures  of  the  state  should  never  in  time 
of  peace  exceed  its  revenues,  and  that  any  administration  not  capa- 
ble of  so  limiting  the  expenditure  is  unworthy  the  support  of  the 
people. 

3.  That  in  creating  the  enormous  debt  of  the  state  that  is  now 
oppressing  us,  article  eight  of  the  state  constitution,  in  the  opinion 
of   this  convention,  was    disregarded,  and  the  violators  of   it  are 
unworthy  the  suffrages  of  the  people. 

4.  That  the  law  confining  the  publication  of  legal  notices  to  cer- 
tain specified  pet  papers,  is  an  offensive  monopoly,  not  in  accordance 
with  the  spirit  of  the  constitution  and  laws  of  a  well  regulated  free 
government;  and  that  the  members  of  the  legislature  who  voted  for 


28         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

it,  and  the  governor  who  approved  it,  are  alike  unworthy  of  the  sup 
port  of  a  free  people. 

5.  That  we  hereby  pledge  our  sacred  honor  to  vote  for  no  candi- 
date   who    does    not    unconditionally    advocate    a    most    thorough 
retrenchment    of  expenditures  in  every  department  of    state ;  and 
for  this  reform  we  invoke  the  aid  of  all  good  citizens. 

6.  That  to  overthrow  a  dynasty  so  incompetent  and  corrupt  as 
that  which  has  cursed  California,  is  of  more  importance  to  the  state 
than  the  discussion  and  support  of  any  issues  of  a  national  character 
which  have  hitherto  divided  parties. 

7.  That  the  number  of  officers  should  be  diminished ;  the  number 
of  judicial  districts  lessened;  the  salaries  of  state  officers  materi- 
ally reduced ;  and  in  all  those  offices  of  fees,  where  the  revenue 
shall  exceed  a  liberal  salary,  the  excess  shall  pass  into  the  treasury 
of  the  state. 

8.  That  the  bona  fide  settlers  upon  lands  (supposed  public  lands  at 
the  time  of  settlement)  deserve  our  warmest  sympathy,  and  every 
protection  in  their  improvements  that  can  legally  be  given  them. 

9.  That  we  as  whigs  (always  conservative)  will  concede  anything 
but  principle,  for  the  overthrow  of  corruption,  and  the  salvation  of 
the  state. 

ID.  That  holding  these  sentiments  we  cordially  invite  all  good 
oitizens  opposed  to  the  nominees  of  the  Bigler  dynasty,  and  in  favor 
:of  reform,  and  who  believe  that  the  redemption  of  the  state  is  of 
more  importance  than  the  triumph  of  party,  to  aid  us  in  electing  an 
opposition  ticket,  noted  for  its  competency,  purity,  and  fidelity  to 
the  best  interests  of  the  state. 

11.  That  we  reaffirm  our  ancient  doctrine  in  favor  of  the  most 
liberal  preemption  laws,  donation  of  lands  to  actual  settlers,  home- 
stead exemption,  the  perfection  of  our  common  school  system,  opposi- 
tion to  all  land  monopolies,  and  in  favor  of  the  location  and  early 
completion  of  the  great  overland  railroad. 

1 2.  That  the  extension  bill  (of  the  last  legislature)  which  passed 
the  assembly  and  was  indefinitely  postponed  in  the  senate  was,  in 
effect,  a  proposition  to  squander  the  valuable  property  of  the  whole 
people    of    California,  for  the  benefit  of  a  few  scheming  political 
speculators. 

The   election  was  held  on  September  7th,  and  the  entire  demo- 
cratic ticket  was  elected.     The  official  canvass  exhibited  this  result: 
For  Governor— Bigler,  38,090;  Waldo,  37,454. 
Lieutenant-Governor— Purdy,  41,498 ;  Eno,  32,968. 


DIVISION  OF  DEMOCRA  TIC  PAR  TY.  29 

Controller— Bell,  41,843  ;  Winters,  34,912. 
Treasurer — McMeans,  41,465  ;  Knight,  35,250. 
Superintendent  of  Public   Instruction — Hubbs,    41,553;    Day, 
35/,65. 

Attorney-General— McConnell,  40,729;  Newell,  34,899. 
Surveyor-General— M_&rlette,  42,100;   Woodworth,  34,663. 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court — Wells,  41,882;  Robinson,  34,212. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

1884.     Democratic  Convention — Whig  Convention. 

The  democratic  convention  of  1854  met  at  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Sacramento,  at  3  o'clock  p.  M.,  on  Tuesday,  July  18th. 
Sometime  before  the  hour  for  meeting,  the  doors  of  the  church  were 
surrounded  by  a  large  assemblage  of  persons,  many  of  whom  were 
not  delegates ;  and  as  soon  as  the  doors  were  opened  the  church, 
which  was  estimated  to  afford  accomodation  for  about  400  persons, 
was  filled  to  its  utmost  capacity.  D.  0.  Broderick,  the  chairman  of 
the  state  committee,  ascended  the  platform,  and  was  received  with 
loud  and  long-continuing  cheering.  Instantly  on  his  calling  the 
convention  to  order  several  delegates  sprang  to  the  floor  for  the  pur- 
pose of  nominating  candidates  for  temporary  chairman.  Broderick 
recognized  T.  L.  Vermule  as  having  the  floor,  but  before  the  announc- 
ment  was  made,  John  O'Meara  proposed  ex-Governor  John  Mc- 
Dougal  for  chairman  pro  tern.  Vermule  nominated  Edward 
McGowan  for  the  position.  Broderick  stated  that  he  could  not  recog- 
nize O'Meara's  motion,  and  put  the  question  on  McGowan's  election, 
and  declared  that  it  had  carried.  McGowan  instantly  mounted  the 
stand,  closely  followed  by  McDougal,  whose  friends  insisted  that  he 
had  been  selected,  although  his  name  had  not  been  submitted  to  the 
convention  in  regular  form.  The  two  chairmen  took  seats  side  by 
side,  and  a  scene  of  indescribable  confusion  and  tumult  ensued. 
When  something  like  order  was  restored,  McDougal  read  the  names 
of  Major  G.  W.  Hook  and  John  Bid  well,  as  vice-presidents ;  and 
McGowan  announced  J.  T.  Hall  and  A.  T.  Laird  as  his  appointees 
for  those  offices.  Again  a  scene  of  extreme  confusion  occurred,  but 
the  gentlemen  named  seated  themselves  with  their  respective  leaders. 
Two  sets  of  secretaries  and  committees  were  then  appointed,  and 


30         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

reports  were  made  to  each  side  recommending  that  the  temporary 
officers  be  declared  permanently  elected.  Motions  were  made  to 
adopt  the  reports,  and,  amid  the  greatest  excitement,  they  were 
declared  carried.  The  double-headed  convention  sat  until  about  9 
o'clock  in  the  night.  No  further  business  was  transacted,  but  each  side 
tried  to  sit  the  other  out.  Two  sickly  candles — one  in  front  of  each 
president — lighted  up  the  scene.  The  trustees  of  the  church  finally 
relieved  both  sides  by  stating  that  they  could  not  tolerate  the  riotous 
crowd  longer  in  the  building,  and  the  delegates  left  without  a  formal 
adjournment.  The  session  throughout  was  like  pandemoniun  let 
loose.  Soon  after  the  organization,  a  rush  was  made  by  the  crowd 
to  the  stage.  One  of  the  officers  was  seized,  and  at  that  instant  a 
pistol  exploded  in  the  densely  crowded  room.  A  mad  rush  was 
made  for  the  doors,  and  a  portion  of  the  delegates  made  a  precipitate 
retreat  through  the  windows  to  the  ground — a  distance  of  some 
fifteen  feet.  Towards  night,  Governor  Bigler  was  called  to  the  stand, 
and  he  made  a  conciliatory  speech,  but  it  had  no  effect  for  good. 

On  the  19th,  the  wing  presided  over  by  McDougal,  and  which 
represented  the  chivalry  or  southern  element  of  the  party,  met  at 
Musical  Hall ;  and  the  McGowan  or  Tammany  branch,  representing 
the  northern  element,  met  at  Carpenter's  building.  The  officers  of 
the  chivalry  wing  resigned,  and  Major  Hook  was  elected  president, 
and  H.  P.  Barber,  William  A.  Mannerly,  A.  W.  Taliaferro,  and 
J.  G.  Downey,  vice-presidents.  A  committee  on  address  and  resolu- 
tions was  appointed,  consisting  of  B.  F.  Washington,  James  M. 
Estell,  William  Yan  Voorhies,  H.  P.  Barber,  and  John  McDougal. 
A  communication  was  received  from  the  other  convention  asking 
that  a  committee  of  conference  be  appointed,  with  a  view  of  settling 
the  disagreement,  but  the  language  of  the  communication  was 
regarded  as  offensive,  and  it  was  withdrawn  for  the  purpose  of 
changing  the  phraseology.  Afterwards  a  second  note  almost  similar 
to  the  first  was  sent  in,  but  it  was  flatly  rejected.  The  following 
nominations  were  then  made  : 

James  W.  Denver,  for  congressman  from  the  northern  district, 
and  Philip  T.  Herbert  from  the  southern  district,  over  J.  T.  Cren- 
shaw  (withdrew),  Charles  L.  Scott,  Blanton  McAlpin,  and  A.  C. 
Bradford. 

Charles  A.  Leake  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  over  Sarshall 
Bynum. 

On  the  20th,  the  following  resolutions,  offered  by  McAlpin,  were 
adopted  : 


DIVISION  OF  DEMOCRA  TIC  PARTY.  31 

1.  That  we   view  the   construction  of  the  Atlantic   and   Pacific 
railroad  as  one  of  the  most  important  matters  for  the  welfare  of  our 
common  country  that  has  agitated  the  public  mind  since  the  forma- 
tion of  our  national  government ;  and    we   but  echo  the  sentiments 
of  nine-tenths  of  the   people  of  California   when  we  declare  that 
congress  should  do  all  and  everything  consistent  with  the  constitu- 
tion in  aiding  the  commencement  and  completion  of  the  same. 

2.  That  while  we  renew  the  oft-expressed  views  of  the  democracy 
of  California  in  favor  of  the  donation  to  actual  settlers  in  limited 
quantities  of  the  public  domain,  we  nevertheless  believe  and  recom- 
mend that  liberal  donations  should  be  made,  in  accordance  with  the 
well  established  policy  of  the  general   government  in  similar  cases, 
to  aid  in  the  construction  of  the  greatest  national  work  of  the  age — 
the  building  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  railroad. 

3.  That  we  most  cordially  approve  and  sustain  the  passage  of  the 
Nebraska   bill,  and  the  vote  thereupon  shows  most  clearly  that  it 
was  a   democratic  measure — one  of  principle,  that  should   have  en- 
listed in  its  favor  every  true  lover  of  republican  principles,  and  we 
only  regret  that  among  the  names  of  those  who  opposed  its  passage 
we  notice  some  few  who  claim  to  be  democrats. 

4.  That  we  reassert  and  maintain  the  principles  of  the  democratic 
platform  adopted  at  Baltimore  in  1852,  and  we  endorse  to  the  fullest 
extent  the  administration  of  General  Franklin  Pierce. 

An  assessment  of  five  dollars  per  delegate  was  collected  to  repair 
the  damages  to  the  church  building.  A  state  committee  was  ap- 
pointed, consisting  of  B.  F.  Washington,  Blanton  McAlpin,  Wilson 
Flint,  James  O'Meara,  W.  A.  Mix,  J.  R.  Hardenbergh,  W.  T.  Sex- 
ton,  V.  E.  Geiger,  J.  H.  Ralston,  S.  A.  Booker,  0.  S.  Fairfax,  J.  H. 
Baker,  C.  L.  Scott,  and  others. 

The  McGowan  wing  met  at  9:30  A.  M.  on  the  19th,  that  gentleman 
continuing  to  act  as  the  presiding  officer.  A  committee  of  seven 
was  appointed  to  invite  the  McDougal  convention  to  attend,  and 
the  committee  were  empowered  to  arrange  the  difficulties.  A  recess 
was  taken  until  1  o'clock  to  give  the  committee  time  to  act.  On 
the  convention  reassembling,  the  committee  reported  that  they  had 
sent  the  following  communication  to  the  chivalry  convention,  and 
that  the  proposition  contained  in  it  had  been  rejected  : 

John  McDougal,  Esq.,  chairman  of  democratic  delegates  convened 
at  Musical  Hall — Sir :  The  undersigned  have  been  this  morning 
constituted  a  committee,  with  full  powers,  by  and  on  behalf  of  the 
democratic  state  convention,  at  Carpenter's  hall,  for  a  conference 


32         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

with  our  fellow  democrats  at  Musical  Hall,  for  the  purpose  of  har- 
monizing and  uniting  the  democracy  of  California.  You  will  be 
pleased  to  announce  this  to  your  body,  and  any  communication  may 
be  addressed  to  the  chairman  of  this  committee,  at  Jones'  hotel. 
We  are,  sir,  very  respectfully  your  fellow  citizens,  William  Walker, 
John  Burke  Phillips,  James  Churchman,  Eugene  Casserly,  R.  T. 
Sprague,  Thos.  L.  Vermule,  John  M.  McBrayer. 

The  committee  was  discharged,  and  the  convention  proceeded  to 
nominate  a  ticket. 

Milton  S.  Latham  and  James  A.  McDougall  were  unanimously 
nominated  for  congress;  W.  T.  Wallace,  J.  W.  Coffroth,  B.  F. 
Myers,  0.  H.  Bryan,  and  E.  0.  Marshall,  withdrawing. 

P.  K.  Woodside  was  nominated  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court, 
over  Humphrey  Griffeth,  William  S.  Long,  Martin  Rowan  and  D. 
A.  Enyard. 

The  following  address  was  adopted  : 

To  the  democracy  of  California  :  The  democratic  party  of  this 
state  is  necessarily  composed  of  more  heterogeneous  elements  than 
those  which  constitute  the  party  in  other  states  of  the  union.  Com- 
ing as  our  people  do  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  bringing  with  them 
a  thousand  differences  of  feeling  and  opinion,  it  is  to  be  expected 
that  all  aggregations  of  party  shall  be  less  accordant  here  than  else- 
where. 

This  has  been  apparent  from  the  first  organization  of  the  demo- 
cratic party  in  California.  But  there  has  always  been  a  portion  of 
the  party — and  this  the  masses  of  it — who  have  desired  to  sink  all 
sectional  issues,  and  unite  on  the  great  principles  of  the  party  of 
the  union.  Others  have  as  long  and  as  certainly  manifested  a  desire 
to  divide  the  party  and  sectionalize  its  principles. 

These  two  motives  have  always  influenced,  to  a  great  extent,  the 
action  of  the  party  within  itself.  It  was  not  until  last  year,  and 
after  the  nominations  of  the  Benicia  convention,  that  there  was 
open  rupture  between  the  two  branches  of  the  democracy. 

The  same  diversity  of  prejudices  and  opinions  divided  the  party 
during  the  last  session  of  the  legislature.  It  moved  the  democracy 
in  the  recent  election  of  delegates  to  the  state  convention. 

When  the  delegates  to  the  Sacramento  convention  assembled,  the 
same  radical  division  was  apparent.  One  portion  of  the  democracy 
organized  under  the  laws  and  usages  of  the  party,  and  placed  officers 
over  the  convention  who  had  supported  the  action  of  previous  state 
conventions.  The  portion  of  the  delegates  who  seek  to  make  the 


DIVISION  OF  DEMOCRA  TIC  PAR  TY.  3^ 

party  sectional,  placed  at  their  head  men  who  repudiated  a  nominee 
of  the  last  state  convention.  By  their  acts  and  declarations  these 
latter  evinced  a  desire  to  agitate  in  this  state  social  questions  of  the 
most  disturbing  character ;  and  discussion  of  these  subjects  can 
only  tend  to  schismatize  the  party. 

On  the  other  hand,  we,  the  representatives  of  men  who  wish  to 
maintain  the  catholicity  of  the  party,  sought  to  harmonize  the  di- 
visions of  the  democracy.  Our  proposals  for  compromise  were 
treated  with  disdain,  and  scorn  was  the  only  reward  they  were  will- 
ing to  bestow  on  our  conciliatory  efforts.  In  this  emergency  the 
convention  has  nominated  for  members  of  congress  men  whom  the 
whole  democracy  has  approved.  Let  the  party  bear  witness  to  the 
zeal  with  which  we  have  labored  to  maintain  the  unity  of  the  party. 
Let  the  future  prove  the  wisdom  with  which  we  have  deliberated 
and  decided. 

We  present  the  ticket  we  have  nominated  to  the  democracy  of 
California.  We  ask  the  masses  of  the  party  to  strive  for  its  welfare 
with  as  much  singleness  of  purpose  as  have  their  delegates  in  the 
state  convention ;  and  if  they  do,  victory  will  again  perch  on  the 
eagles  of  the  democracy. 

The  platform  of  the  democratic  convention  of  June  21,  1853,  was 
readopted  verbatim,  with  the  exception  that  to  the  end  of  the  second 
resolution  were  added  the  words,  "and  of  guaranteeing  to  such  set- 
tlers the  value  of  all  improvements  bona  fide  made."  The  following 
additional  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

9.  That  one  of  the  cardinal  principles  in  the  usages  and  practice  of 
the  democratic  party  for  the  last  half  century  has  been,  that  all  differ- 
ences of  opinion  upon  questions  of  party  policy,  expediency,  or  men, 
are  to  be  settled  by  convention,  or  caucus  of  members  of  the  party 
for  that  purpose  assembled,  and  that  at  such  conventions  or  caucuses, 
a  majority  shall  rule,  and   that  it  is  the  duty  of  every  democrat, 
cheerfully  to  submit  to  a  decision  of  such  questions  thus  made,  and 
that   any  violation  or  departure  from  this   usage,   is  subversive  of 
party  organization,  and   destructive  of  the  harmony  and  dangerous 
to  the  success  of  the  party. 

10.  That  we  cordially  approve  and  endorse  the  resolutions  adopted 
by  the  democratic  national    convention    assembled    at    Baltimore, 
which  nominated  Franklin  Pierce  for  the  presidency. 

The  following  state  committee  was  selected  :  David  Mahoney,  B. 
S.  Lippincott,  F.  A.  Kohler,  Thos.  Brannan,  Edw.  McGowan,  J.  T. 
Hall,  G.  W.  Colby,  J.  H.  McKune,  A.  T.  Laird,  J.  W.  Coffroth, 

3 


34         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

and  others.  A  collection  of  $400  was  taken  up  to  repair  the  dam- 
ages that  had  been  done  to  the  Baptist  church  on  the  previous  day, 
a  committee  having  reported  that  the  building  had  been  injured  to 
that  extent. 

Shortly  after  the  adjournment  of  the  conventions,  Judge  Heyden- 
feldt  declined  the  nomination  for  Latham,  and  Judge  Murray  pub- 
lished a  card  withdrawing  McDougall's  name  from  the  canvass.  On 
August  31st,  Latham  arrived  from  Washington,  and  on  September 
2d  telegraphed  his  withdrawal  from  the  ticket  to  the  state  commit- 
tee. On  the  same  day  James  Churchman  was  nominated  for  con- 
gress to  supply  the  vacant  place  on  the  Tammany  ticket.  It  was 
pretty  generally  understood  throughout  the  campaign  that  Mc- 
Dougall  was  not  a  candidate,  but  he  did  not  formally  withdraw  from 
the  fight  after  his  return  from  Washington.  After  the  election  the 
Tammany  party  ascribed  the  defeat  of  their  ticket  to  Latham's 
withdrawal. 

The  whig  convention  met  at  the  theater  in  Sacramento,  on  Tues- 
day, July  25th.  It  was  called  to  order  by  Frank  Soule,  chairman 
of  the  state  committee,  and  Joshua  P.  Haven  was  elected  temporary 
chairman.  In  the  evening  J.  Neely  Johnson  was  elected  president; 
and  A.  D.  McDonald,  J.  A.  Lewis,  R  Tevis,  J.  M.  Stewart,  J.  C. 
Hawthorne,  J.  H.  Moore,  and  others,  vice-presidents.  A  committee 
on  resolutions  was  selected,  consisting  of  W.  S.  Spear,  B.  Peyton, 
D.  K.  Newell,  Louis  R  Lull,  H.  T.  Huggins,  John  Currey,  and 
others.  The  candidates  for  the  congressional  nominations  were 
George  W.  Bowie,  Edward  P.  Fletcher  (withdrawn),  J.  E.  Hale 
(withdrawn),  R  N.  Wood,  Frank  Soule  (withdrawn),  Edward 
Woodruff  (withdrawn),  P.  H.  Harris,  W.  W.  Stow  (withdrawn), 
T.  H.  Williams  (withdrawn),  J.  M.  Crane,  P.  B.  Reading  (with- 
drawn),, E.  D.  Baker^.vyithdrawn^  D.  K.  Newell  (withdrawn),  W. 
W.  Hawks  (withdrawn),  and  Calhoun  Benham.  On  the  26th,  on 
the  second  ballot,  Bowie  was  nominated  from  the  northern  district ; 
and  on  the  fifth  ballot  Benham  was  successful  from  the  southern 
district.  Joseph  R  Beard  was  nominated  on  the  second  ballot  for 
clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  over  Horace  Smith,  General  Allen,  and 
Josiah  Gordon.  The  following  address  and  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

The  condition  of  your  state  demanding  reformation,  calls  upon 
you  to  inaugurate  the  rule  of  honesty,  and  to  put  an  end  to  abuses 
and  evils  which  are  the  parisitical  and  withering  results  of  mal- 


WHIG  CONVENTION.  35 

administration  and  bad  government.  From  Washington  to  Clay — 
we  refer  to  an  unserried  line  of  patriotism,  alike  in  adversity  and  in 
prosperity,  the  protectors  of  our  country.  The  union  can  only  be 
advanced  by  the  preservation  of  principles,  and  the  advancement  of 
measures  that  in  their  nationality  command  the  support  of  every 
American.  We  point  to  the  whig  administrations,  from  Washington 
to  Fillmore,  as  having  exemplified  devotion  to  the  constitution, 
fidelity  to  the  union,  and  paternal  care  for  the  honor,  happiness  and 
prosperity  of  the  country.  The  welfare  of  California  and  its  imper- 
illed integrity  require  a  revolution  of  public  affairs.  In  such 
change  will  be  insured  good  government,  economy  in  its  exercise, 
rigid  adherence  to  the  laws,  and  strict  accountability  of  all  in  authority 
to  the  tribunal  of  public  opinion.  Aid  us  to  reduce  the  taxes;  to 
unshackle  commerce;  to  remove  the  anti-republican  restrictions  to 
trade  imposed  by  venal  legislation ;  above  all,  join  us  in  the  effort 
to  restore  the  purity  of  the  ballot  box,  and  the  freedom  of  elections ; 
to  make  secure  the  life,  liberty,  and  property  of  every  citizen.  We 
proclaim  the  building  of  the  Pacific  railroad  to  be  the  paramount 
duty  of  the  government  of  the  United  States,  as  furnishing,  when 
completed,  the  best  and  surest  means  of  national  defense.  We  desire 
the  adoption  and  perfection  of  the  best  system  of  common  school 
education,  and  to  yield  aid  in  all  possible  ways  to  learning  and 
science.  We  demand  a  purification  of  the  judgment  seat,  and 
a  revision  of  the  statutes.  It  is,  therefore,  resolved, 

1.  That  we,  the  whigs  of  California,  in  common  with  the  whigs 
of  the  union,  regard  the  building  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  rail- 
road as  of  paramount  national  importance,  believing  its  construction 
strengthens  and  perpetuates  the  bond  linking  this  continent  together; 
marvelously  increases  the  general  prosperity,  and  forever  removes 
from  this  immense  travel  all  and  every  danger — rendering  secure 
the  lives  of  myriads,  and  the  immense  property  which  will  pass  over 
its  lines — demand  from  the  congress  of  the  United  States  and  every 
branch  of  the  general  government  that  instant  action  which  a  bless- 
ing so  vast  and  immeasurable  to  our  own  and  every  other  land, 
requires  at  their  hands. 

2.  That  for  these  reasons,  as  well  as  regarding  it  the  foremost — 
as  it  is  the  surest — means  of  a  perfected  national  defense,  and  a 
vindication  of  the  great  and   vital  American  principle  for  which 
.whigs  have  always  contended,  we  will  never  cease  to  implore  the 
national  legislature  and  urge  upon  the  executive  the  pursuit  and 
furtherance  of  this  measure,  as  one  of  the  first  duties  they  owe  to 
their  country. 


36         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

3.  That  we  regard   the  public  domain  as  the  property   of  the 
people  of  the  United  States,  and  insist  that  California  shall  receive 
her  full  and  entire  share  thereof,  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  her 
railroads,  the  fostering  of  education,  the  diffusion  of  knowledge,  and 
the  endowment  of  common  schools,  colleges,  and  universities. 

4.  That  we  hold  as  a  changeless  whig  principle  the  duty  of  the  law 
to   protect   inviolate   the    property  of   all  classes — the  miner,  the 
mechanic,  the  agriculturist,  and  the  trader — and  we  denounce  every 
measure  or  system  of  measures,  the  effect  of  which  would  be  to  rob 
industry  of  its  natural  reward,  and  to  deprive  honest  labor  of  its 
hardly  acquired  earnings. 

5.  That  California  demands  from  congress  and  the  executive  such 
prompt  action  as  will  ensure  the  immediate  completion  of  the  survey 
of  the  public  lands,  and  put  a  period  to  the  vexatious  delays  of  the 
land  commission. 

6.  That  the  whigs  of  California  hold  the  right  of  the  people  of 
the  territories  of  the  United  States  to  determine  and  legislate  for 
themselves,  to  be  inherent ;  and,  as  such,  whenever  the  population 
entitles  them  to  frame  a  state  constitution,  they  possess  the  author- 
ity to  do  so  without  the  interference  of,  and  independent  of  any 
other  power. 

7.  That  it  is  the  true  interest  of  the  government  to  secure  to 
every  actual  settler  upon  the  public  lands  of  the  United  States  a 
competent  homestead. 

8.  That  in  reference  to  the  mineral  lands  of  the  state,  the  prop- 
erty of  the  United  States,  and  the  disposition  of  mining  privileges, 
we  regard  the  miners  as  the  first  parties  whose  interest  and  proper 
wishes  should   have  greatest  weight  in  settling  and    determining 
these  important  matters. 

9.  That  the  revenue  collected  by  the  general  government  in  Cali- 
fornia, prior  to  her  admission  into  the  union,  of  right  belongs  to  her 
and  should  be  promptly  refunded. 

10.  That  the  "Farewell  Address  of  Washington"  is  the  unde- 
viating  chart  of  American  freedom ;  the  whig  party  coherent  in  and 
supporting  all  its  principles,  look  to  its  maxims  when  adhered  to  by 
the  people,  as  the  surest  reliance  of  the  constitution  and  the  union. 

11.  That  we  are  admonished  that  the  time  approaches  when  the 
nation,  tired  with  the  imbecility  of  an  irresponsible  and  vacillating 
administration,  turns  with  trusting  hope  and  confidence  to  the  whig 
party — obeying  that  high  summons,  from  the  shores  of  the  Pacific, 
we  shout  to  our  Atlantic  brethren  "  union  of  the  whigs  for  the  sake 
of  the  union." 


DIVISION  OF  DEMOCRA  TIC  PAR  TY.  37 

A  state  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Baillie  Peyton, 
Frederick  Billings,  S.  W.  Holliday,  G.  H.  Hossefross,  A.  G.  Monson, 
J.  Price,  J.  W.  Winans,  A.  B.  Nixon,  G.  W.  Crane,  S.  Buckner, 
J.  C.  Fall,  D.  F.  Douglass,  H.  A.  Crabbe,  D.  K.  Newell,  and  others. 


In  the  latter  part  of  July,  the  state  committee  of  the  chivalry 
wing  of  the  democracy  appointed  three  of  its  members — B.  F. 
Washington,  Blanton  McAlpin,  and  William  G.  Ross — to  arrange 
terms  for  a  compromise  with  the"  other  faction  of  the  party,  and 
they  submitted  to  the  central  committee  of  the  Tammany  side,  the 
following  conditions  upon  which  to  base  a  settlement  of  the  existing 
difficulties  . 

1.  The  withdrawal  of  McDougall  and  Latham. 

2.  The  withdrawal  of  Leake,  by  his  consent. 

3.  That  the  two  state  committees  act  jointly,  upon  an  equal  footing. 

4.  That  the  county  nominations  which  had  been  made  be  .allowed 
to  remain,  and  that  the  people  would  be  asked  to  support  them. 

5.  That,  in  the  counties  of  San  Francisco  and  Sacramento,  the 
nominations  to    be   made  should   be   equally   divided  between  the 
wings. 

6.  That  they  would  jointly  recommend  to  the  democracy  of  El 
Dorado  and  Placer  to  harmonize  upon  some  fair  basis. 

B.  F.  Lippincott,  George  Wilkes,  and  John  H.  McKune,  repre- 
senting the  Tammany  committee,  submitted  these  propositions : 

1.  We  propose  to  meet  you  by  each  relinquishing  one-half  of  our 
several  claims,  making  a  joint  congressional  ticket  of  one  member 
nominated  at  your  late  convention,  and  one  member  of  ours — say 
Denver  and  Latham. 

2.  We  propose  to  draw  lots  to  decide  which  of  us  shall  be  entitled 
to  the  nomination  of  clerk  of  the  supreme  court. 

3.  We  propose  to  form  a  new  state  committee  by  equal  numbers 
drawn  from  the  two  present  committees,  and  to  draw  lots  for  chair- 
man. 

4.  We  propose  to  issue  an  address  on  the  part  of  the  new  com- 
mittee, urging  the  new  ticket  upon  the  adoption  of  the  democracy 
of  the  state,  such  address  to  be  signed  by  all  the  members  of  the 
committee. 

The  propositions  were  both  rejected. 


38         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Early  in  1854,  American  or  "know  nothing"  organizations  were 
formed  in  the  state,  and  it  was  not  long  before  an  association 
existed  in  almost  every  town  and  mining  camp. 

On  May  27th,  the  San  Francisco  Alta,  in  referring  to  the  new 
movement,  said  : 

The  mysterious  association  called  the  "know  nothing,"  appears  to 
have  spread  its  branches  until  one  of  them  has  cast  a  shadow  on  the 
Pacific  shore.  The  "  know  nothings,"  as  near  as  they  can  be  under- 
stood, or  their  doctrines  or  intentions  fathomed,  are  a  secret  political 
organization,  strongly  native  American  in  its  feelings,  and  organized 
for  the  purpose  of  acting  politically,  with  the  intention  of  curtailing 
the  political  privileges  of  persons  of  foreign  birth  or  descent.  They 
are,  in  fact,  a  reorganization  of  the  native  American  party  in  a  new 
form,  and  adopting  all  their  principles,  intend  making  a  secret 
application  of  them. 

On  August  30th,  the  same  paper  said  : 

From  all  the  papers  in  every  portion  of  the  state  we  gather  the 
fact  that  the  mysterious  associations  of  "know  nothings"  have 
spread  themselves  until  a  branch  is  formed  in  almost  every  mining 
town  and  village  of  any  importance  throughout  the  country.  That 
they  will  have  a  great  influence,  if  not  an  entire  control,  over  the 
ensuing  election  in  this  state,  there  can  now  be  but  little  doubt, 
although  from  the  entire  secrecy  of  their  operations  it  is  impossible 
to  form  an  idea  of  how  that  influence  will  be  used. 

In  San  Francisco,  the  "know  nothings"  ran  a  local  ticket  in  1854, 
and  it  was  successful.  The  organization  did  not  openly  take  part  in 
state  politics,  but  its  influence  on  the  election  was  doubtless  impor- 
tant. 

The  election  was  held  on  September  6,  1854,  and  the  result  in 
the  state  was  as  follows  :  .t  •  , 


For    Congressmen  —  Denver,^,36.819  ;    Herbert,    jM>,542  ;    Bowie, 
34,734;  Benham,  34,411;  McDougall,  9,968;  Churchman,  10,006; 


Latham,  1,843  ;  scattering,  448. 

For  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court—  Leake,  33,700  ;  Beard,  35,133  ; 
Woodaide,  11,721;  scattering,  47. 

Denver  and  Herbert  were  consequently  elected  to  congress,  and 
Beard  was  elected  clerk  of  the  supreme  court. 


RISE  OF  KNOW  NOTHING  PARTY.  39 

CHAPTER  VII. 

1865.  Gubernatorial  Election — Democratic  Convention — Convention 
of  the  American  Party — Settlers'  and  Miners'  Convention — Temper- 
ance Conventions. 

The  whig  party  virtually  disbanded  in  1855,  and  the  secret  Ameri- 
can party  took  its  place  as  a  prominent  political  organization. 
This  new  faction  originated  in  1852,  and  its  animating  spirit  was 
hostility  to  the  exercise  of  political  power  in  this  country  by  foreign- 
ers, and  more  especially  by  Roman-  catholics.  Its  members  were  \ 
popularly  termed  "know  nothings,"  because  they  were  required  when  , 
interrogated  with  respect  to  the  order  to  declare  that  they  knew 
nothing  about  it.  The  new  party  had  figured  somewhat  in  Cali- 
fornia politics  in  1854,  but  it  was  not  until  1855  that  it  assumed  an 
aspect  so  formidable  as  to  be  considered  worthy  of  the  steel  of  the 
democracy.  At  the  spring  municipal  elections,  the  success  of  the 
know  nothing  tickets  so  aroused  the  democrats  that  their  organs 
devoted  most  of  their  thunder  to  attacks  upon  the  secret  organization. 

On  March  5th,  at  a  municipal  election  in  Marysville,  the  Ameri- 
cans carried  everything,  although  their  nominations  had  not  been 
made  public  until  the  morning  of  the  election.  At  the  Sacramento 
city  election,  on  April  2d,  the  entire  "know  nothing"  ticket  was 
elected  ;  and  in  the  smaller  towns  their  successes  had  been  as 
marked.  The  democratic  papers  called  upon  the  divided  wings  of 
their  party  to  unite  and  make  a  common  enemy  of  the  new  party, 
but  it  was  soon  apparent  that  the  secret  association  had  captured 
nearly  all  of  the  whigs  and  a  goodly  number  of  the  democrats. 

On  May  23d,  the  state  committees  of  the  two  wings  of  the  demo- 
cratic party  met  and  harmonized,  and  issued  a  joint  call  for  a  state 
convention.  The  call  recited  that  "  the  undersigned,  members  of 
the  two  democratic  state  committees,  respectively  presided  over  by 
B.  F.  Washington  and  B.  S.  Lippincott,  as  chairmen,  feeling  the 
necessity  of  a  united  action  on  the  part  of  the  democratic  party  in 
the  ensuing  state  election,  and  for  the  purpose  of  insuring  an 
unbroken  front  against  the  common  enemy,  have  mutually  agreed 
upon  the  above  call  for  a  convention."  Pursuant  to  this  call  the 
democratic  convention  met  at  Sacramento,  on  Wednesday,  June 
27th.  Charles  S.  Fairfax  was  selected  president  pro  teni.,  and 
afterwards  permanent  president.  About  the  first  business  before 
the  convention  was  the  consideration  of  the  following  resolution  : 


40         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

That  the  secretary  of  this  convention  shall  propose  the  following 
interrogatory  to  each  and  every  candidate  who  shall  present  himself 
for  an  office  in  this  convention,  to  wit :  Are  you  a  member  of  a 
secret  political  organization  known  and  generally  called  "know 
nothings'"!  All  who  answer  affirmatively  or  refuse  to  answer  shall 
be  excluded  from  any  nomination. 

The  following  was  offered  as  a  substitute  : 

That  all  candidates  for  nomination  in  this  convention,  shall, 
previous  to  balloting  for  such  candidate,  sign  the  following  pledge, 
and  any  member  of  this  convention  nominating  a  candidate,  shall 
deliver  to  the  officers  of  this  convention  the  aforesaid  pledge,  signed 
by  such  candidate  :  We,  the  undersigned,  pledge  the  democracy  of 
California,  that  we  do  not  belong  to  the  secret  political  society 
known  as  "know  nothings, '  or  American  party,  or  to  any  secret 
political  association  whatever ;  and  that  whether  members  or  not, 
we  will  hereby  support  and  use  all  honorable  means  to  secure  the 
election  of  the  nominees  of  this  convention. 

After  considerable  discussion,  the  resolutions  were  referred  to 
the  committee  on  resolutions. 

On  the  28th,  the  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

(The  first  five  resolutions  of  the  democratic  national  convention 
of  June,  1852,  were  adopted.) 

6.  That  the  democrats  of  this  state  feel  that  the  best  and  highest 
interests  of  California  are  involved  in  the  speedy  construction  of  the 
great  Pacific  railroad ;  and  that  we,  as  a  party,  will,  by  legislation 
or  otherwise,  give  our  earnest  and  hearty  support  to  the  accomplish- 
ment of  this  truly  glorious  enterprise. 

7.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  just  legislative  action,  securing,  as  far 
as  possible,  the  rights  of  actual  settlers  and  miners,  who  in  good 
faith  are  occupying  lands  in  this  state. 

8.  That   all   secret    political    organizations,    bound    together    by 
pledges  and  oaths,  having  for  their  object  the  proscription  of  any 
American  citizen,  are  contrary  to  the  spirit  of  our  free  institutions, 
treasonable  in  appearance,  if  not  in  design,  and  should  receive,  as 
they  deserve,  the  just  animadversion  of  all  good  citizens. 

9.  That    the    democracy  of    California    abhor    and   repudiate  as 
un-American  and  anti-republican,  the  proscription  of  a  man  for  the 
accident  of  his  birth,  or  for  his  religious  opinions ;  and  in  this  crisis 
of  American  liberities,  institutions,  and  ideas,  they  re-affirm  and  pro- 
claim in  full  force  the  universal  democratic  doctrine  of  "equal  rights 


RE-UNION  OF  DEMOCRA  TIC  PAR  TV.  41 

to  all  under  the  constitution  and  laws" — and  declare  in  the 
immortal  words  of  the  greatest  of  American  patriots,  that  "any 
man  conducting  himself  as  a  good  citizen  is  accountable  to  God 
alone  for  his  religious  opinions,  and  ought  to  be  protected  in 
worshiping  the  Deity  according  to  the  dictates  of  his  own  con- 
science." 

10.  That    we   do    now   cordially   invite  all   our  former  political 
brethren  who  may  have  strayed  from  us  for  a  time,  attracted  by 
curiosity  or  otherwise,  and  who  have  joined  themselves  to  secret 
political  orders,  to  return  to  us  and  with  us  defend  the  principles  of 
their  former  faith,  and  abandon  institutions  which  the  daily  current 
of  events  is  developing  to  be  founded  on  intolerance,  and  controlled 
by  men  dangerous  to  the  permanency  and  welfare  of  our  govern- 
ment. 

1 1.  That  we  will  neither  nominate  nor  support  any  man  for  office 
who  will  not  pledge  himself,  and  subscribe  to  the  foregoing  platform 
and  resolutions. 

In  view  of  the  agitation  of  the  temperance  question  in  the  state, 
the  following  additional  resolutions  were  adopted : 

12.  That,  in  the  opinion  of  this  convention,  the  time  has  come 
when  sober  men,  and  sober  men  only,  should  be  presented  for  the 
suffrages  of  moral  and  intelligent  freemen. 

13.  That,  as  a  convention,  we  will  respect  the  moral  sentiment  of 
the  state,  in  the  nominations  which  we  are  about  to  make. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  on  the  29th  and  30th  : 

John  Bigler,  for  governor,  on  the  second  ballot,  receiving  157 
votes,  to  125  for  Milton  S.  Latham,  1  for  J.  W.  McCorkle,  and  2  for 
Richard  Roman.  On  the  first  ballot,  Bigler  had  128  votes  ;  Latham, 
115;  James  Walsh,  39,  and  C.  A.  Clark,  3.  Walsh  withdrew 
before  the  second  ballot  was  taken,  and  H.  P.  Haun,  whose  name 
was  proposed,  declined  to  be  a  candidate. 

Samuel  Purdy,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
Frederick  Yeiser  and  I.  S.  K.  Handy. 

Myron  Norton  (full  term)  and  Charles  H.  Bryan  (to  fill  vacancy), 
for  justices  of  the  supreme  court,  over  Charles  T.  Botts,  Lewis 
Aldrich,  Alpheus  Felch,  Eugene  Casserly,  and  R.  T.  Sprague. 

Thomas  C.  Flournoy,  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Ben- 
jamin Hall  and  I.  N.  Dawley. 

B,  F.  Keene,  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  William  A. 
Mix  ;  Thomas  Payne  declining. 


42         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

B.  C.  Whiting,  for  attorney  general,  on  the  second  ballot,  over 
Allen  P.  Dudley,  S.  B.  Axtell,  H.  W.  Oarpentier,  G.  E.  Montgomery, 
Augustus  Redman,  W.  S.  Spear,  and  W.  S.  Long. 

S.  H.  Marlette,  for  surveyor-general,  without  opposition. 
George  H.  Crossette,  for  printer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  H.   C. 
Patrick,  Vincent  E.  Geiger,  and  S.  H.  Dosh. 

C.  F.  Powell,  W.  H.  Bell,  and  Samuel  C.  Astin,  for  state  prison 
directors,  over  R.  N.  Snowden,  Geo.  Langdon,  Jas.   Creighton,  Jas. 
T.  Ewing,  and  W.  J.  Burnside. 

The  candidates  for  nominations  were  required  to  specifically 
declare  themselves  before  the  convention  on  the  question  of  know 
nothingisrn.  A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  B.  F. 
Washington,  B.  S.  Lippincott,  Thos.  Kendall,  Edw.  McGowan, 
T.  W.  Taliaferro,  J.  L.  Brent,  W.  S.  Long,  J.  H.  McKune,  M.  E. 
Cooke,  F.  Forman,  T.  W.  Sigourney,  V.  E.  Geiger,  Jos.  Walkup, 
J.  W.  Owen,  Nelson  Taylor,  W.  A.  Mix,  0.  S.  Fairfax,  J.  W.  Mc- 
Corkle,  E.  0.  F.  Hastings,  P.  T.  Herbert,  Alex.  Hunter,  and  others. 

The  American  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento,  on  Tuesday, 
August  7th,  with  379  delegates,  and  organized  temporarily  by 
selecting  Samuel  B.  Smith,  as  chairman  pro  tern.  In  the  evening,  a 
permanent  organization  was  effected  by  the  election  of  James  W. 
Coffroth,  as  president ;  and  Robt.  McCall,  James  Churchman,  S.  A. 
McMeans,  Isaac  Davis,  William  Thornburg,  Henry  Bates,  J.  Tooker, 
Chas.  Ford,  T.  W.  Robertson,  L.  H.  Bascom,  S.  C.  Hastings,  E.  L. 
Bond,  and  H.  B.  Lathrop,  vice-presidents. 

The  following  platform  was  adopted  : 

The  American  party  of  California,  in  convention  assembled, 
declare  the  following  as  the  principles  of  their  association  : 

1.  The  maintenance  and  support  of  the  union  against  all  attempts 
to  overthrow  or  undermine  it. 

2.  The  supremacy  of  the  constitution  and  laws  of  the  republic. 

3.  A  judicous  revision  of  the  laws  regulating  naturalization. 

4.  Universal  religious  toleration. 

5.  No  union  of  church  and  state. 

6.  Inflexible  opposition  to  the  appointment  or  election  to  offices 
of  trust,  honor,  or  emolument,  of  all  who  are  not  truly  national  in 
feeling,  and  especially  of    all  who  acknowledge   allegiance  to  any 
foreign  government. 

7.  A  stern  and  unqualified  opposition  to  all  corruption  and  fraud 
in  high  places. 


CONVENTION  OF  AMERICAN  PARTY.  43 

8.  The  preservation  of  the  purity  of  the-ballot  box,  and  with  a 
view  thereto,  the  early  adoption  of  a  judicious  registration  law  in 
the  cities,  so  as  entirely  to  prevent  the  fraudulent  multiplication  of 
votes. 

9.  The  immediate  appropriation  by  congress  of  either  money  or 
land,  or  both,  in  sufficient  quantities  to  secure  the  early  establishment 
of  a  railway  from  the  Pacific  ocean  to  the  Mississippi  river. 

10.  The  most  liberal  and  just  legislation  in  favor  of  that  portion 
of  our  population  known  as  "  settlers." 

11.  Eligibility  to  office,  both  in  the  states  and  nation,  should  be 
restricted  to  persons  born  on  some  part  of  the  territory  included 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States. 

12.  The  firmest  and  most  enduring  opposition  to  the  agitation  of 
all  questions  of  a  merely  sectional  character. 

13.  Retrenchment  and  reform  in  the  civil  administration  in  Cali- 
fornia, by  reducing  the  expenses  of  government,  and  lessening  the 
burthens  of  the  taxpayers. 

14.  To  apply  in  all  cases,  the  Jeffersonian  test  in  selecting  men 
for  office,  viz.:     Is  he  honest  1     Is  he  capable  1     Will  he  support  the 
constitution  1 

15.  Utter  disregard  of  ancient  party  names  and  worn-out  party 
issues,    and    cordial    confraternity    with    all    who    are    willing    to 
cooperate  with  us  in  support  of  the  principles  herein  set  forth. 

On  the  8th,  it  was  resolved,  by  a  vote  of  185  to  62,  "that  this- 
convention  approve  of  the  temperance  reform  now  going  on  through- 
out the  state,  and  that  we  will  nominate  none  for  office  but  men  of 
high  moral  character  and  known  habits  of  temperance." 

The  following  nominations  were  made  on  the  8th  and  9th  : 

J.  Neely  Johnson,  for  governor,  on  the  fourth  ballot,  over  Drury 
P.  Baldwin,  J.  W.  Coffroth  (declined),  B.  C.  Whitman,  James  IL 
Wade,  W.  W.  Stow,  J.  EL  Ralston,  Jesse  0.  Goodwin,  General  John 
Wilson,  James  L.  English,  C.  T.  Ryland,  and  Geo.  B.  Tingley. 

Robert  M.  Anderson,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  T.  J.  White  and  D.  R.  Ashley. 

Hugh  0.  Murray,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court  (full  term),  on 
the  first  ballot,  over  Lorenzo  Sawyer  and  Green  T.  Martin. 

David  S.  Terry,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court  (to  fill  vacancy), 
on  the  second  ballot,  over  L.  Sawyer,  R.  N.  Wood,  G.  N".  Mott,  D.  (X 
Shattuck,  and  John  Currey. 

George    W.   Whitman,   for    controller,  on   the    fifth   ballot,  over 


44         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Samuel  Bell,  J.  H.  Miller,  N.  Carroll,  E.  A.  Rowe.  John  Gray,  and 
W.  B.  May. 

Henry  Bates,  for  treasurer,  on  the  second  ballot,  over  J.  B. 
Laforge,  Thos.  Paine,  N.  C.  Cunningham,  A.  H.  Murdock,  J.  C. 
•Curtis,  R.  Chenery,  and  H.  H.  Means. 

W.  T.  Wallace,  for  attorney-general,  on  the  sixth  ballot,  over 
William  M.  Stewart,  G.  B.  Tingley,  H.  Lee,  Alex.  Ely,  A.  B.  Dibble, 
Horace  Allen,  and  Henry  Meredith. 

John  A.  Brewster,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  second  ballot,  over 
Lansing  Tucker,  A.  S.  Easton,  and  T.  D.  Judah. 

James  Allen,  for  printer,  on  the  second  ballot,  over  John  K.  Love- 
joy,  Paul  Morrill,  W.  R.  Butte,  and  John  A.  Lewis. 

E.  Wilson,  F.  S.  McKenzie,  and  Alex.  Bell,  for  prison  directors. 

On  July  5th,  a  call  was  issued  for  a  state  convention  of  the 
settlers  and  miners,  to  be  held  at  Sacramento,  on  August  8th,  for 
the  purpose  of.  nominating  a  state  ticket  and  to  organize  a  separate 
party.  The  call  was  signed  by  William  J.  Shaw,  G.  W.  Colby, 
I.  W.  Underwood,  R.  D.  Ferguson,  H.  Amyx,  and  others,  and 
recited  : 

The  great  magnitude  and  importance  of  this  movement  cannot  be 
•overrated.  The  necessity  of  immediate  and  timely  action  on  the 
part  of  the  settlers  and  miners  of  this  state  must  be  apparent  to  all. 
No  good  citizen  can  fail  to  foresee  the  public  injury  which  must 
result  from  the  sweeping  and  indiscriminating  confirmation  of 
Mexican  grants  to  lands,  which  have  been  purchased  as  speculations, 
without  ever  having  been  located,  or  in  possession  of  the  pretended 
grantees.  According  to  the  recent  extraordinary  decision  of  the  sup- 
reme court  of  the  United  States,  neither  boundaries,  nor  posses- 
sion, nor  location  of  the  lands,  prior  to  our  acquisition  of  this  coun- 
try, is  necessary  to  insure  the  confirmation  of  these  claims.  No 
equities  are  exacted  which  a  just  people  would  recognize ;  and 
claims  which  neither  justice,  law,  nor  our  national  honor  require  us 
to  respect,  are  to  be  pronounced  valid  and  obligatory.  Consequently, 
thousands  of  our  fellow  citizens  in  all  parts  of  the  state,  in  posses- 
sion of  a  lot,  a  homestead,  a  mining  claim,  or  a  farm,  are  liable  to  have 
a  floating  grant  located  upon  the  very  places  which  they  occupy. 
Indeed,  justice  to  the  people  is  being  forgotten,  and  the  object  of 
government  seems  to  be  the  success  of  speculations  alone.  Notwith- 
standing this  impending  crisis  between  the  people  and  mere  specula- 
tions, no  party  has  hitherto  done  anything  to  shield  the  producing 


SETTLERS1  AND  MINERS'  CONVENTION.  45 

portions  of  our  population  from  the  impending  storm.  Indeed, 
without  immediate  constitutional  legislation  to  protect  the  just 
rights  of  our  fellow  citizens  as  far  as  possible,  he  must  be  blind  to 
actual  experience  who  does  not  see  that  scenes  of  bloodshed  and 
open  resistance  to  the  decisions  of  our  courts,  will  be  the  painful 
result  of  longer  neglect.  We  make  no  appeal  to  party,  but  directly 
to  the  people  themselves,  for  the  nomination  and  election  of  men 
from  our  own  ranks  to  carry  out  these  reforms.  They  have  already 
too  long  trusted  to  the  lead  of  mere  politicians,  who  have  no  aim  but 
personal  success,  and  no  principles  wljich  are  of  any  practicable 
moment  to  the  country. 

Pursuant  to  this  call,  the  convention  met  on  the  day  named  and 
was  called  to  order  by  I.  W.  Underwood.  On  the  9th,  David  F. 
Douglass  was  elected  president,  and  a  lengthy  platform  touching  the 
subjects  referred  to  in  the  call  was  adopted,  but  no  nominations 
were  made  It  was  resolved  to  support  no  man  who  did  not  indorse 
the  platform,  and  whose  previous  word,  act,  and  deeds  did  not  show 
the  sincerity  of  his  pledge.  A  state  committee  was  selected,  com- 
posed of  B.  R.  Nickerson,  W.  T.  Barbour,  A.  A.  Sargent,  W. 
Holden,  G.  W.  Colby,  J.  McOlatchy,  J.  H.  Ralston,  H.  Arnyx, 
W.  J.  Shaw,  and  others. 

On  June  20th,  a  state  temperance  convention  met  at  Sacramento. 
James  Churchman  was  temporary  chairman,  and  John  Wilson  was 
permanent  president.  Delegates  were  present  from  San  Francisco, 
Sutter,  Nevada,  Yolo,  Sacramento,  Alameda,  and  Yuba.  The 
following  resolution  was  adopted  : 

That  it  is  inexpedient  for  this  convention,  as  the  voice  of  the  tem- 
perance people  of  the  state,  to  make  nominations  for  state  officers 
for  the  coming  general  state  election. 

On  the  21st,  the  committee  on  resolutions  presented  the  following 
report : 

WHEREAS,  the  highest  social,  moral,  commercial,  and  political 
well-being  of  our  beloved  state  is  involved  in  the  triumph  of  the 
principles  of  temperance  reform,  therefore,  resolved, 

1.  That  the  most  vigorous  efforts  should  be  made  in  every  appro- 
priate way  to  secure  the  speedy  and  entire  destruction  of  the  liquor 
traffic  in  our  state. 

2.  That  the  time  has  fully  come  when  the  friends  of  temperance 
in  California  should  use  all  their  influence  at  the  ballot  box  to  secure 
the  election  to  office  of  sober  men,  and  sober  men  only. 


46         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

3.  That  we  deem  it  highly  improper  for  the  friends  of  prohibi- 
tion to  vote  for  any  man  who  is  not  willing  to  give  his  support  to  a 
stringent  prohibitory  liquor  law  for  this  state. 

4.  That  we  hereby  disclaim  for  ourselves,  and  the  men  we  repre- 
sent, all  intention  to  using  the  temperance  strength  to  aid  any  party 
or  set  of  candidates,  to  secure  office  for  any  other  reason  than  that 
they  may  be  with  us  in  the  vital  issue  of  the  rule  or  ruin  of  the 
liquor  traffic. 

5.  That  we  urgently  request  the  political  parties,  which  may  be 
in  the  field,  to  nominate  men  characterized  by  the  sobriety  of  their 
habits,  and  their  willingness  to  aid  us  in  our  work  to  the  full  measure 
of  legal  prohibition. 

6.  That  a  state  central  committee  be  appointed  to  propound  the 
following  questions  to  the  candidates  who  may  be  nominated  for  the 
state  offices,  by  the  respective  political  parties  :     1.  Do  you  practice, 
total  abstinence  ?     2.  Will  you,  if  elected,  give  your  influence  in 
favor  of  a  prohibitory  liquor  law  in  California  ? 

7.  That  when  said  committee  have  received  responses,  it  shall 
proceed  to  nominate  a  ticket  taken  from  the  various  candidates. 
Should  two  or  more  respond  satisfactorily,  who  are  seeking  the  same 
place,  they  should  both  be  presented  as  acceptable,  and  should  not 
enough  respond  favorable  to  constitute  a  ticket,  the  committee  shall 
then  take  measures  to  nominate  men  who  may  not  be  in  the  list  of 
any  other  party. 

8.  That  we  request  our  friends  in  the  various  counties  to  hold 
conventions  as  soon  as  possible,  and  adopt  a  plan  in  relation  to  the 
local  tickets  similar  to  the  one  proposed  in  the  preceding  resolution. 

9  That  we  urge  all  who  wish  the  salvation  of  the  country,  to  vote 
in  favor  of  prohibition  at  the  next  election. 

The  first  and  second  resolutions  were  adopted.  The  following 
substitute  for  the  third  resolution  was  adopted  : 

3.  That  we  deem  it  to  be  the  solemn  duty  of  every  temperance 
man  in  our  state  to  withhold  his  political  support  from  all  candi- 
dates for  office  who  are  not  in  favor  of  a  stringent  prohibitory  liquor 
law  for  California. 

The  fourth,  fifth,  eighth,  and  ninth  resolutions  were  adopted;  the 
first  question  in  the  sixth  resolution  was  stricken  out,  and  the  fol- 
lowing was  adopted  as  a  substitute  for  the  seventh  resolution: 

7.  That  the  state  central  committee  provided  for  in  a  previous 


TEMPERANCE    CONVENTIONS.  47 

resolution  be  instructed  to  publish  and  circulate  extensively  through- 
out the  state  the  interrogatories  addressed  to  the  respective  candi- 
dates for  state  offices,  together  with  the  replies  of  those  candidates, 
so  that  the  temperance  men  of  the  state  may  know  who  of  the  can- 
didates are  true  to  our  cause,  and  may  vote  at  the  polls  accordingly. 

A  state  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Gen.  John  Wilson, 
Annis  Merrill,  D.  W.  Welty,  S.  J.  May,  James  Allen,  J.  T.  McLean, 
J.  M.  Buffington,  James  E.  Hale,  and  others. 

The  following  additional  resolutions  were  adopted: 

That  it  is  expressly  understood  by  this  convention  that  the  state 
committee  shall  have  no  power  to  make  any  nominations  for  state  or 
county  officers. 

Whereas,  The  last  legislature  of  this  state  provided  for  a  vote  of 
the  people  in  relation  to  the  question  of  prohibition,  which  vote  is  to 
be  reported  by  the  secretary  of  state  to  the  next  legislature;  and, 
whereas,  a  neglect  to  vote  will  be  construed  against  the  temperance 
reform  and  retard  prohibition;  therefore,  resolved, 

That  we  earnestly  solicit  all  the  temperance  organizations  of  the 
state  to  act  vigorously  until  and  at  the  election  to  secure  as  large  a 
majority  for  prohibition  as  possible. 


Another  state  temperance  convention  met  at  Sacramento  August 
22d,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  some  action  toward  nominating  a  new 
state  ticket.  About  one  hundred  persons  attended.  Rev.  S.  D. 
Simmonds  called  the  convention  to  order,  and  A.  M.  Winn  was 
elected  president. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered: 

That  all  gentlemen  present  who  will  register  their  names  as  inde- 
pendent of  the  two  great  political  parties  of  the  day,  and  as  pledged 
to  the  object  of  this  convention,  shall  be  and  they  are  hereby  con- 
stituted the  true  convention  of  the  people  of  California  for  the  pur- 
pose of  nominating  two  supreme  judges,  and  the  transaction  of  such 
other  business  as  may  be  deemed  advisable  by  the  convention. 

E.  B.  Crocker  offered  the  following  substitute : 

That  this  convention  has  met  for  the  purpose  of  nominating  new 
and  independent  candidates  for  the  supreme  court  of  the  state,  and 
we  invite  all  moral,  religious,  and  temperate  men  who  are  in  favor 
of  such  nominations  to  co-operate  with  us,  and  take  such  further 
action  as  may  be  proper. 


48         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

That  the  orders  of  Sons  of  Temperance  and  Templars  are  hereby 
relieved  from  all  responsibility  for  the  action  of  this  convention,  as 
it  is  a  meeting  of  citizens  opposed  to  the  present  nominees  for  the 
supreme  court. 

The  substitute  was  adopted. 

On  permanent  organization,  B.  Hayward  was  president  and  D. 
W.  Welty  vice-president. 

The  following  resolutions  were  reported: 

WHEREAS,  The  legislature  at  its  last  session  proposed  certain 
amendments  to  the  constitution  of  the  state;  and  whereas,  accord- 
ing to  the  provisions  of  the  said  constitution  amendments  must  be 
approved  by  two  consecutive  sessions  of  the  legislature  before  they 
can  be  submitted  to  the  people;  and  whereas,  the  failure  of  the 
legislature,  at  its  next  session,  to  pass  these  amendments  or  to  pass 
an  act  providing  for  a  vote  of  the  people  upon  them,  will  render 
void  the  action  of  the  last  legislature  on  the  subject,  and  defer  the 
action  of  the  people  upon  the  said  amendments  for  three  years; 
therefore,  resolved: 

1.  That  we  recommend  to  the  people  in  their  respective  counties 
in  selecting  members  of  the  legislature  to  select  such  as  are  known 
to-  be  in  favor  of  submitting  the  said  amendments  to  a  vote  of  the 
people. 

2.  That  we  recommend  the  enactment  of  a  registry  law,  as  indis- 
pensible  to  the  purity  of  the  ballot-box. 

3.  That  the  present  condition  of   political   affairs  in  this  state 
demands  a  political  organization  of  the  moral,  religious  and  temper- 
ate citizens  of  the  state;  and  in  order  to  perfect  such  an  organiza- 
tion, this  convention  will  appoint  a  state  committee,  to  be  composed 
of  thirteen  persons,  who  shall  have  power  to  call  future  conventions 
and  take  such  other  action  as  the  interests  of  the  organization  may 
require. 

4.  That  in  order  that  our  organization  may  be  properly  designated, 
we  hereby  style  ourselves  "The  Independent  Democracy"  of   the 
state  of  California.     Inasmuch  as  we  have  no  legally  elected  repre- 
sentatives   in    congress    from   this  state,  that  the   citizens  of   the 
counties  of    San   Francisco,  Contra   Costa,  San  Joaquin,  Calaveras 
and  all  the  counties  south  of  the  same,  forming  the  southern  or  first 
congressional  district,  and  the  citizens  of  all  the  counties  north  of 
San  Francisco,  Contra  Costa,  San  Joaquin  and   Calaveras,  forming 
the  northern   or   second    congressional    district,  be  requested    and 
advised  to  elect  suitable  persons  to  fill  said  offices  at  the  coming 
election. 


TEMPERANCE    CONVENTIONS.  A& 

5.  As  a  cardinal  principle  of  our  organization,  that  we  shall 
oppose  the  election  of  all  duelists  to  office. 

The  resolutions  were  temporarily  laid  on  the  table. 

For  justice  of  the  supreme  court  (long  term),  Chas.  H.  S. 
Williams  was  nominated  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Myron  Norton, 
H.  C.  Murray,  J.  H.  Ralston,  G.  B.  Tingley,  and  R.  T.  Sprague 
(withdrawn). 

On  the  23d,  John  B.  Harmon  was  nominated  for  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  (short  term),  David  _S.  Terry,  Cornelius  Cole,  and 
J.  M.  Howell  withdrawing.  Shortly  afterward,  Harmon  telegraphed 
his  declination,  and  H.  O.  Beatty  was  nominated. 

For  congressman  from  the  southern  district,  Annis  Merrill  was 
nominated  on  the  first  ballot,  over  J.  H.  Purdy,  B.  Hay  wood,  P.  H. 
Burnett,  and  P.  T.  Herbert. 

John  H.  McKune  was  nominated  from  the  northern  district,  but 
he  declined  the  next  day,  after  the  convention  had  adjourned. 

It  was  understood  that  the  regular  party  candidates  for  the  other 
offices  were  sound  on  the  temperance  question,  and  were  therefore 
acceptable.  A  state  committee  was  chosen,  consisting  of  Rev.  S.  D. 
Simniowjs,  E.  B.  Crocker,  J.  M.  McDonald,  J.  T.  McLean,  J.  R. 
Crandall,  and  others.  The  resolutions  presented  on  the  22d  were 
adopted,  except  that  in  the  fourth  resolution,  the  name  of  the  party 
was  changed  to  the  "People's  Party  of  California." 

The  following  additional  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

That  the  bona  fide  settlers  on  private  land  claims  in  this  state, 
under  the  belief  that  they  are  on  public  property,  are  justly  entitled  to 
compensation  for  all  permanent  improvements ;  and  we  will  favor 
the  passage  of  any  suitable  law  on  that  subject. 

That  we  are  in  favor  of  a  donation  of  a  reasonable  quantity  of  the 
public  lands  to  actual  settlers. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  asking  the  people  to  vote  for  a  prohibi- 
tory liquor  law. 

Towards  the  close  of  August,  an  effort  was  made  in  San  Fran- 
cisco to  reorganize  the  whig  party,  and  an  attempt  was  made  to  get 
the  state  committee  of  that  party  together,  but  the  movement  was 
not  successful. 

The  election  was  held  on  Wednesday,  September  5th,  and  the 
entire  American  ticket  was  elected.  Following  are  the  totals: 


50         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

^  V. 

For  Governor— Johnson,  50,948;  Bigler,  45,937. 

-Supreme  Judge  (long  term) — Murray,  48,141 ;  Norton,  47,734. 
Supreme  Judge  (short  term) — Terry,  49,677  ;  Bryan,  46,892. 
Lieutenant-Governor — Anderson,  49,385;  Purdy,  47,669. 
Controller— Whitman,  49,911;  Flournoy,  46,691. 
Treasurer— Rates,  49,947;  Keene,  46,941. 
Attorney-General— Wallace,  50,113;  Whiting,  46,685. 
Surveyor-General— Rrewster,  49,994;  Marlette,  46,977. 
Printer— Allen,  50,060;  Crossette,  46,696. 

Prison  Directors— A.  Bell,  49,789  ;  McKenzie,  49,644  ;  Wilson, 
50,550;  W.  H.  Bsll,  46,818;  Powell,  46,132;  Astin,  46,785. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

18B6.  Presidential  Election — American  Council — Democratic  Conven- 
tions— Republican  Conventions — American  Convention — Vigilance 
Committee. 

The  first  movement  toward  preparing  for  the  presidential  campaign 
of  1856  was  made  by  the  American  party.  The  state  council  met  in 
secret  session  at  Sacramento,  on  Tuesday,  November  13,  1855,  with 
109  delegates  present.  Dr.  T.  J.  White  called  the  council  to  order, 
and,  on  the  14th,  Dr.  S.  A.  McMeans  was  elected  president  and 
Silas  Selleck,  vice-president,  for  the  ensuing  term.  For  delegates 
to  attend  the  national  council,  to  meet  on  February  22d,  1856,  to 
nominate  a  presidential  ticket,  Johnson  Price,  S.  H.  Brooks,  R.  N. 
Wood,  C.  N.  Hitchcock,  N.  T.  Gough,  E.  P.  Brown,  Louis  Teal, 
Thomas  D.  Johns,  Samuel  D.  Smith,  Louis  R.  Lull,  E.  P.  Bowman, 
and  Silas  Selleck  were  named,  and  Brooks,  Wood,  Price,  and  Smith 
were  elected.  Teal,  Hitchcock,  Bowman,  and  Johns  were  elected 
alternates.  Hitchcock,  John  Skinker,  S.  W.  Brock  way,  and  Theo- 
dore Winters  were  elected  delegates  to  the  national  council,  to  meet 
at  Philadelphia,  on  June  5,  1856  ;  and  John  0.  McKellum,  S.  0. 
Evelett,  G.  W.  Leihy,  and  John  M.  Batson  were  elected  alternates. 

On  the  15th,  the  following  address  and  platform  was  adopted : 

To  the  American  party  of  California — Brothers  :  California  has 
been  the  best  taxed  and  the  worst  governed  country  of  which  there 
is  any  record.  In  vain  have  the  onerous  exactions  of  government 
been  paid  without  stint.  In  vain  have  thus  far  all  the  sources  of 


ADDRESS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  COUNCIL.  51 

peaceful  reformation  been  exhausted.  Long  suffering  has  not  propi- 
tiated our  rulers,  nor  has  indignant  remonstrance  been  able  to 
inspire  terror.  Evil  has  followed  evil — calamity  has  been  heaped 
upon  calamity,  until  the  young  state  which  yesterday  filled  the 
world  with  her  renown,  to-day  lies  bankrupt,  crime  ridden,  and 
abject.  Much — very  much  of  our  misfortunes  is  the  result  of  acci- 
dents and  contingencies  which  no  human  foresight  could  have  pre- 
vented, but  that  crime,  fraud,  and  infamy  should  have  aggravated 
our  sorrow,  we  must  blame  ourselves  and  a  reckless  public  policy. 
But  there  is  always  a  limit  to  passive  endurance  of  flagrant  wrongs 
by  a  free  and  enlightened  people.  The  history  of  the  election  cam- 
paign of  1855  in  our  state  is  ample  testimony  that  the  people  united 
to  inaugurate  a  stronger,  wiser,  and  better  government.  Let  it  be 
our  fervent  hope,  brothers,  that  this  time  they  have  not  been 
deceived. 

What  have  been  the  issues  thrust  upon  us  heretofore,  in  the 
political  world  ?  Not  our  home  interests — the  political  sanhedrim 
of  California  has  uniformly  kept  them  from  the  view  of  the  people, 
and  has  cunningly  fomented  discord  on  issues  foreign  to  this  state. 
In  our  legislative  halls,  and  in  our  cabinet  councils,  the  interests  of 
California  have  been  subordinate  topics  to  the  political  issues  which 
have  convulsed  the  old  states  since  1798.  What  are  these  issues  to 
us  1  California  has  asked  for  reform,  and  she  has  been  answered  by 
a  clamor  about  the  annexation  of  Cuba.  She  has  asked  for  a  rail- 
road, and  the  response  has  been  a  howl  upon  the  Nebraska  bill. 
She  has  asked  for  protection  against  lynch  law,  judicial  corruption, 
and  imbecility.  She  has  asked  for  a  speedy  settlement  of  our  land 
titles,  and  for  a  proper  and  just  protection  of  the  bona  fide  settlers, 
and  disunion  is  thundered  upon  our  ears  in  reply.  Have  we  not  a 
mission  in  the  world — a  separate  duty  to  perform,  and  a  distinct 
destiny  to  work  out  1  The  broad  Pacific  lies  before  us  to  bring  into 
commercial  subjection,  and  a  wilderness  behind  us  in  hardly  dimin- 
ished wealth  invites  the  enterprise  of  the  pioneer  and  capitalist. 
Intemperance  and  corruption  banquet  in  the  high  places  in  the 
land,  and  bold  and  bloody  crime  stalks  unchecked  in  our  midst. 

While  these  home  duties  are  before  us  to  perform,  these  domestic 
wrongs  to  redress,  are  we  ever  to  hang  loosely  on  the  skirts  of 
remote  scrambling  factions  over  the  mountains,  kicked  and  trodden 
on  by  all,  suffering  all  the  heat  and  dust  of  the  turmoil  without  the 
hope  of  receiving  any  of  the  trophies  of  the  contest  1  Neither  the 
success  nor  defeat  of  the  Nebraska  bill — neither  American  nor 
Spanish  dominion  in  Cuba — neither  the  cotton  spinners  in  Massa- 


52         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

chusetts,  nor  the  cotton  planters  of  Alabama,  could  or  would  at  the 
cost  of  a  dollar  advance  the  interests  of  California  one  jot.  The 
main  duty  of  California  at  this  juncture  is  to  act  for  herself. 

The  questions  which  have  caused  such  serious  agitations  in  the  old 
states  are  the  ones  which  we  wish  to  ignore  and  discard  from  this 
state.  Let  us  rest  assured  that  the  union  is  safe — that  liberty 
strikes  its  root  too  deep  and  strong  in  American  soil  to  be  so  easily 
and  suddenly  uprooted.  But  even  did  danger  impend,  it  is  not  in 
the  power  of  California  to  rescue  the  continent  from  its  imminent 
doom.  Yet,  we  too,  owe  a  duty  to  the  confederacy  in  this  ques- 
tion, and  our  sectional  isolation  enables  us  to  take  a  noble  and 
impressive  stand  upon  it.  Removed,  as  we  are,  by  position  and 
actual  interest  from  its  baneful  influence,  we  should  allay  instead  of 
precipitating  its  agitation. 

Analyze  this  slavery  question.  It  has  no  proud  principle;  it  is 
the  mere  ebullition  of  sectional  antipathies.  Side  by  side,  in  friendly 
contact,  repose  the  historic  states  of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland — 
the  one  a  free  and  the  other  a  slave  state — the  border  lines  of  the 
hotspur  state  of  Kentucky  come  flush  up  to  those  of  the  young 
giant  Ohio,  and  the  pioneer  of  the  western  plains,  the  Missourian, 
has  only  to  stretch  his  arms  across  an  imaginary  line  to  shake  hands 
with  his  friend  from  the  granary  of  the  west,  Illinois.  Here,  at  the 
very  line  of  contact  between  the  free  and  slave  states,  there  is  com- 
paratively little  feeling  on  the  subject  of  their  different  domestic 
institutions,  and  there  would  be  none  at  all  were  they  let  alone,  but 
exactly  in  proportion  as  we  recede  from  this  line,  where,  were  the 
question  one  of  principle,  we  would  see  a  deadly  border  warfare,  do 
we  find  the  antagonism  growing  stronger  and  stronger,  and  instead 
of  Pennsylvania  finding  fault  with  her  neighbor,  Massachusetts  and 
Mississippi  are  at  loggerheads.  Why  should  we,  therefore,  lend  our 
voices  to  swell  the  clamor  1  Why  enlist  in  a  cause  so  senseless  and 
unprofitable  in  itself,  which,  while  it  divides  us  to  our  own  destruc- 
tion, is  valueless  to  those  with  whom  we  sympathize?  Our  true 
course  to  the  confederacy  and  ourselves,  is  to  mind  our  own  busi- 
ness, and  let  that  question  sink  to  that  insignificance  its  unprottta- 
bleness  deserves. 

The  enunciation  of  abstract  political  theories  is  perhaps  expedient 
whensoever  there  is  a  necessity  for  promulgating  doctrines  upon  the 
subject  of  our  international  policy,  but  at  present  there  is  no  such 
necessity.  The  agitation  of  such  questions  at  present,  to  the  exclu- 
sion of  our  state  affairs,  would  fall  short  of  the  point  to  which  it  is 
our  duty  to  address  ourselves. 


ADDRESS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  COUNCIL,  53 

Discarding,  therefore,  all  sectionalities,  and  while  our  allegiance 
to  the  fatherland  is  the  foundation  and  corner  stone  of  our  political 
faith,  and  while  we  earnestly  hope  to  see  all  sectional  animosities 
there  allayed,  and  are  convinced  that  silence  and  indifference  are 
the  true  means  of  accomplishing  anything  toward  that  end,  we  can- 
not forget  that  we  have  nearer  and  more  pressing  home  duties 
required  of  us.  For  the  purpose,  therefore,  of  more  clearly  defining 
and  of  re-affirming  those  doctrines,  which  the  people  have  heretofore 
so  clearly  endorsed  through  the  ballot-box — we  deem  it  expedient  at 
this  juncture  to  address  you. 

We  demand  a  careful  revisal  of  our  criminal  code,  an  expurga- 
tion of  its  errors  and  a  reconcilement  of  its  inconsistencies ;  that  the 
means  of  enforcing  its  penalties  be  made  more  certain,  so  that  while 
the  guilty  shall  not  escape  trial,  the  convicted  shall  not  escape  pun- 
ishment. We  demand  the  enactment  of  laws  for  the  protection  of 
our  votes  against  the  tricks  and  frauds  of  bullies  and  knaves.  We 
demand  that  the  fountains  of  both  civil  and  criminal  jurisprudence 
be  purified.  We  demand  that  a  more  urgent  effort  be  made  for  the 
settlement  of  our  land  titles,  and  also  for  the  protection  of  bona  fide 
settltrs.  We  demand  a  more  economical,  responsible,  and  syste- 
matic administration  of  our  state  government.  We  demand  that 
laws  be  enacted  which,  independent  of  a  healthy  commercial  inter- 
course, will  check  the  exhausting  drain  from  our  pockets  to  those  of 
eastern  capitalists  and  speculators,  and  protest  against  making  the 
state,  either  a  divided  political  or  financial  dependency  of  New 
York  or  Louisiana.  We  demand  that  our  legislators  shall  direct 
their  attention  to  the  passage  of  laws  for  the  support  and  mainten- 
ance of  only  that  system  of  common  schools  for  the  education  of  our 
children  which  shall  be  wholly  uncontrolled  by  sectarian  influence. 
We  ask  that  immediate  steps  be  taken  to  urge  successfully  upon  the 
general  government  the  enlargement  of  the  plan,  and  the  hastening 
of  the  completion  of  our  coast  defenses,  their  present  condition 
leaving  our  sea  ports  exposed  to  blockade  and  bombardment,  and 
our  communication  with  the  rest  of  the  world  liable  to  be  inter- 
rupted at  any  time.  We  insist  upon  the  establishment  amongst  us 
of  a  United  States  arsenal  of  sufficient  resources,  in  variety  and 
quantity,  to  arm  and  equip  all  our  citizens  for  any  emergency  which 
our  ever-varying  foreign  relations  may  at  any  time  create.  WTe 
demand  that  the  general  government  shall  cease  to  tax  this  people 
for  government  purposes  beyond  those  of  our  sister  states. 

We  believe  that  the  general  government  has  the  power  to  lend 
her  aid  in.  the  building  of  works  of  internal  improvement  which,  in 


54         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

the  event  of  war,  would  become  vitally  important  to  the  proper 
defense  of  our  people.  The  Pacific  railroad  being  such,  we  urge  the 
united  effort  of  our  representatives  in  congress  to  expediate  its 
building. 

We  pledge  ourselves  to  the  support  or^every  measure  which  hasr 
for  its  object  the  facilitating  means  of  transit  to  and  from  our  state. 

While  we  advocate  either  the  repeal  of  great  modification  of  our 
naturalization  laws,  we  demand  that  all  who  have  or  will  comply 
with  our  terms,  be  allowed  the  privileges  guaranteed  to  them. 

We  believe  in  the  doctrine  of  "Americans  ruling  America,"  and 
that  the  boon  held  out  to  foreigners  and  secured  to  our  naturalized 
citizens  by  our  constitution  and  laws  is  protection  in  the  enjoyment 
of  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness. 

j  We  believe  that  all  white  native  born  citizens  of  good  moral 
character,  who  acknowledge  no  allegiance  superior  or  equal  to  their 
allegiance  to  the  constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States,  are  a 
common  brotherhood  and  entitled  to  the  same  privileges,  without 
reference  to  sect  or  religion,  and  drawing  ourselves  out  of  all  sec- 
tional agitation  upon  the  subject  of  southern  rights  as  distinguished 
from  the  northern,  we  demand  that  our  congressional  delegation 
shall  vote  "nay"  upon  every  proposition,  coming  from  whatever 
quarter  it  may,  to  continue  or  renew  it. 

These  are  some  of  the  more  prominent  measures  and  doctrines 
which  we  believe  it  becomes  our  party  to  carry  out,  and  though 
there  may  be  others  which  should  demand  the  attention  of  our 
representatives  in  both  state  and  general  government,  yet  we  have 
sufficient  confidence  in  the  integrity,  ability,  and  statesmanship  of 
those  who  have  received  our  suffrages,  to  believe  that  they  will  lend 
all  their  energies  to  making  our  people  happy  as  well  as  intelligent, 
and  give  us  wise  and  beneficent  laws. 

A  democratic  paper,  in  referring  to  the  meeting,  indignantly  said : 

Its  proceedings  only  furnish  additional  proof  that  the  "know 
nothing"  is  nothing  but  a  whig  movement  in  California.  We  should 
like  to  know  how  democrats  could  sit  quietly  in  that  body  and  allow 
their  former  professions  to  be  buried — how  they  could  allow  whigs 
to  pass  over  their  heads  an  endorsement  of  a  policy  against  which 
they  have  been  warring  during  the  early  stages  of  their  lives. 


The    democratic    convention,   to    select    delegates   to  attend   the 
national  convention,  met  at  the  Congregational  church,  Sacramento,. 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  55 

on  Wednesday,  March  5,  1856.  It  was  called  to  order  by  B.  F. 
Washington,  chairman  of  the  state  committee,  and  Humphrey 
Griffith  was  selected  temporary  chairman.  There  were  two  sets  of 
delegates  from  San  Francisco,  and  the  entire  day  was  consumed  in 
a  discussion  as  to  which  of  them  should  be  admitted.  On  the  6th, 
the  convention  received  the  report  of  the  committee  on  credentials. 
All  went  on  smoothly  until  San  Francisco  was  reached.  The  com- 
mittee reported  in  favor  of  admitting  the  delegates  who  had  been 
elected  under  the  direction  of  the  general  committee,  acting  for  the 
democracy  of  the  city,  and  a  struggle  followed  for  the  floor.  It  was 
secured  by  E.  D.  Sawyer,  the  spokesman  for  the  "reform"  wing, 
and  he  earnestly  protested  against  the  action  of  the  committee.  At 
the  close  of  his  remarks,  the  report  of  the  committee  was  adopted, 
and  the  delegation,  he  represented,  retired.  While  the  discussion 
was  pending,  H.  P.  Haun  stated  that  the  question  of  the  election  of 
a  United  States  senator  had  been  sprung  in  the  legislature,  and  that 
it  was  then  being  debated.  Many  of  the  democratic  senators  were 
in  the  convention  as  delegates,  and  hardly  had  the  announcement 
escaped  his  lips,  when  the  convention  rose  en  masse,  and  the  dele- 
gates rushed  pell  mell  to  the  capitol.  In  half  an  hour,  however,  the 
matter  was  adjusted  in  the  legislature,  and  the  session  of  the  con- 
vention was  resumed.  A  permanent  organization  was  effected  by 
electing  James  W.  Mandeville,  president;  and  J.  R.  Gitchell, 
Samuel  McConnell,  W.  A.  Mix,  and  Frank  Tilford,  vice-presidents. 
The  following  resolution  was  intoduced  and  laid  on  the  table  : 

That  we  entertain  for  General  Joseph  Lane,  of  Oregon,  as1  a 
national  democrat,  unbounded  confidence,  and  should  he  receive  the 
nomination  of  the  democratic  national  convention  for  vice-president, 
California  will  extend  to  him  a  most  cordial  support. 

A  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed,  consisting  of  W.  Van 
Voorhies,  J.  W.  McCorkle,  W.  L.  Dudley,  D.  P.  Durst,  W.  W. 
Gift,  J.  0.  Zabriskie,  John  Bigler,  J.  L.  Brent,  B.  F.  Myers,  H.  C. 
Patrick,  J.  M.  Covarrubias,  J.  R.  Gitchell,  Pablo  de  la  Guerra, 
0.  T.  Ryland,  J.  B.  Frisbie,  M.  E.  Cooke,  T.  N.  Cazneau,  H. 
Griffith,  C.  E.  Lippincott,  and  others. 

In  the  evening,  the  committee  reported  the  following  platform  : 

WHEREAS,  The  prosperity  and  progress  of  the  United  States  have 
resulted  in  a  great  degree  from  the  principles  and  action  of  the 
democratic  party ;  and,  whereas,  the  preservation  and  perpetuation 


56         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA, 

of  those  principles  are  essential  to  the  security  of  liberty  and  the 
integrity  of  the  union  of  these  states ;  it  is,  therefore,  fitting  and 
proper  that  the  cardinal  principles  of  the  democratic  party,  by  the 
influence  of  which  our  country  has  advanced  with  such  unparalelled 
rapidity  to  power  and  greatness,  should  be  clearly  set  forth,  not  only 
to  guide  the  party  in  its  future  action,  but  to  exhibit  the  wisdom, 
the  patriotism,  and  the  exalted  love  of  liberty  in  its  broadest  sense 
of  the  illustrious  founders  of  our  faith.  Therefore,  resolved, 

1.  That  we  inscribe  on  our  banner  the  following  principles  of  our 
political  faith,  which  were  proclaimed  by  the  immortal  Jefferson, 
sustained  and  enforced  by  the  illustrious  Jackson,  and  which  have 
been  adhered  to  by  friends  of  liberty  and  humanity  to  the  present 
period,  to- wit :  First — A  strict  construction  of  the  constitution, 
that  the  honest  will  of  the  people  may  be  carried  out.  Second — 
Equal  justice  to  all  men,  of  whatever  state  or  persuasion,  religious  or 
political.  Third — Strict  economy  and  rigid  accountability  in  all  the 
'departments  of  the  government.  Fourth — To  secure  which  we  are 
In  favor  of  the  prompt-  arraignment  and  punishment  of  all  public 
officers  convicted  of  peculation.  Fifth — An  undeviating  adherence 
to  the  universal  standard  of  value  of  gold  and  silver,  that  honest 
industcy  may  receive  its  just  reward,  and  the  general  interests  of  the 
country  be  securely  and  permanently  established.  Sixth — Univer- 
sal suffrage,  unrestricted  by  property  qualifications,  that  every 
citizen  may  enjoy  the  highest  prerogative  of  a  free  man,  on  the  basis 
of  his  manhood,  and  not  of  his  property.  Seventh — Liberal  natu- 
ralization laws,  that  the  oppressed  of  every  nation  may  speedly 
secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  guaranteed  by  our  national  constitu- 
tion, after  reaching  "  the  land  of  the  free,  and  home  of  the 
oppressed."  Eighth — The  support  of  the  state  government  in  all 
their  rights  as  the  most  competent  administrations  for  our 
domestic  concerns  and  the  surest  bulwarks  against  anti-republican 
tendencies.  Ninth. — The  preservation  of  the  general  government  in 
its  whole  constitutional  vigor,  as  the  sheet-anchor  of  our  peace  at 
home,  and  safety  abroad.  Tenth — A  jealous  care  of  the  right  of 
election  by  the  people,  and  prompt  and  exemplary  punishment  of  all 
frauds  upon  the  elective  franchise.  Eleventh — Absolute  acquies- 
cence in  the  decisions  of  the  majority,  the  vital  principle  of  repub- 
lics, from  which  there  is  no  appeal  but  to  force,  the  vital  principle 
and  immediate  parent  of  despotism.  Twelfth — Universal  educa- 
tion, and  the  prompt  arraignment  of  all  abuses  at  the  bar  of  public 
reason.  Thirteenth — The  honest  payment  of  our  debts,  and  the 
sacred  preservation  of  the  public  faith.  Fourteenth — Freedom  of 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  57 

religion,  freedom  of  the  press,  freedom  of  person,  under  the  protec- 
tion of  the  habeas  corpus,  and  trial  by  juries  impartially  selected. 
Fifteenth — That  although  democrats  may  have  differed  in  opinions 
upon  the  expediency  of  the  Missouri  compromise,  yet,  as  that  ques- 
tion is  now  a  by-gone  issue,  we  are  ready  to  resist  its  restoration  as 
inexpedient  and  unwise,  and  recognize  in  the  principle  of  "popular 
sovereignty,"  as  embraced  in  the  compromise  measures  of  1850,  and 
the  Baltimore  platform  of  1852,  and  subsequently  embodied  in  the 
Kansas-Nebraska  bill,  as  the  one  great  issue  before  the  American 
people  as  this  time  ;  and  we  will  cherish  and  maintain  such  principle 
as  the  sheet-anchor  of  our  hopes,  and  will  uphold  it  as  the  only  sure 
means  of  perpetuating  our  government  through  all  time  to  come. 
Sixteenth — The  prompt  construction  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
railroad.  And,  as  a  means  of  accomplishing  this  great  result,  an)  C\  A 
appropriation  by  the  general  government,  of  land  sufficient  to  secureC  ' 
its  speedy  completion.  Seventeenth — We  are  in  favor  of  "  union  I 
and  liberty,  now  and  forever,  one  and  inseparable."  Eighteenth — 
We  demand  of  the  general  government  the  prompt  construction  of 
the  necessary  fortifications  upon  this  coast,  to  afford  protection  to 
the  great  interests  of  this  state ;  the  establishment  of  a  United 
States  arsenal,  with  such  supplies  and  munitions  of  war,  as  will 
enable  the  citizens  of  this  state  to  protect  themselves  against  Indian 
aggressions  or  foreign  invasions.  Nineteenth — We  are  opposed  to  all 
secret  political  organizations,  regarding  them  as  subversive  of  the 
great  principles  upon  which  our  institutions  are  based,  and  danger- 
ous to  liberty.  We  are  opposed  to  that  party  (falsely  called  Ameri- 
can) which  recklessly  assails  the  sacred  rights  of  conscience,  pro-  '- 
scribes  naturalized  American  citizens,  assails  all  the  great  doctrines 
secured  by  the  heroism  of  the  revolution,  and  established  by  the 
wisdom  and  patriotism  of  the  founders  of  the  republic;  and  yet  hyp- 
ocritically professes  attachment  "  to  the  purer  days  of  the  republic, 
and  invokes  the  spirit  of  heroism,  patriotism,  and  virtue  that  precipa- 
tated  the  revolution,"  and  declares  that  "Americans  shall  rule 
America."  Twentieth — We  are  opposed  to  all  sectional  organiza- 
tions ;  the  formations  of  parties  upon  geographical  divisions,  and 
the  agitation  of  the  question  of  slavery. 

2.  That  we  approve  of  the  principles  and  policy  of  the  adminis- 
tration of    President  Pierce,  and  urge  their  adoption  and  enforce- 
ment upon  all  succeeding  administrations. 

3.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  most  liberal  appropriation  by  the 
general  government  of  the  public  lands  in  California  for  the  benefit 
of    actual  settlers,  and  that  the  same  should    be  donated    to  said 


58         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

settlers  in  limited  quantities;  and  that  we  are  in  favor  of  protect- 
ing the  actual  settler  in  all  his  just,  equitable  and  legal  rights. 

4.  That  in  common  with  a  large  majority  of  the  people  of  Cali- 
fornia, the  members  of  this  convention  have  unbounded  confidence 
in  the  integrity,  great  ability,  sterling  democracy  and  ardent  devo- 
tion to  country  of  the  Hon.  James  Buchanan;  that  we  have  not  for- 
gotten the  distinguished  services  by  him  rendered  as  secretary  of 
state,  under  the  lamented  Polk,  during  the  war  with  Mexico,  which 
resulted  in  the  acquisition  of  the  territory  we  now  occupy;  nor  have 
we  failed  to  appreciate  his  fearless  bearing  and  discreet  action  as  our 
minister  to  Great  Britain  during  the  discussion  of  questions  highly 
important  to  the  interests  as  well  as  the  honor  of  his  country;  there- 
fore^ be  it  resolved: 

5.  That  the  members  of  this  convention,  in  expressing  our  ardent 
desire  for  the  nomination   and  triumphant  election  of  the   Hon. 
James   Buchanan  as  president  of  the   United   States,  do  but  give 
utterance  to  the  wishes  of  an  immense  majority  of  the  democracy 
of  California. 

6.  That  the  delegates  elected  by  this  convention  to  the  democratic 
national  convention  be  and  they  are  hereby  instructed  that  it  is  the 
earnest  and  unanimous  desire  of  the  democracy  of  California  that 
the  nomination  for  president  of  the  United  States  shall  be  given  to 
the  Hon.  James  Buchanan. 

7.  That  the  democratic  party  still  adheres  to  that  policy  which 
has  already  filled  our  mountains  with  hardy  and  prosperous  miners, 
and  built  up  for  our  state  that  prosperity  which  has  so  wonderfully 
marked  her  brief  history:     To  the  miners  belongs  the  regulation  of 
the  mines. 

The  resolution  to  instruct  the  delegates  excited  a  prolonged  dis- 
cussion, and  several  substitutes  were  offered  and  defeated.  The 
platform  was  adopted  as  a  whole,  by  a  vote  of  225  to  41.  On  the 
7th,  the  following  additional  resolutions  were  adopted : 

8.  That  our  delegates  be,  and  they  are  hereby  instructed  to  sup- 
port no  man  for  president  or  vice-president  who  is  not  a  sound 
national  democrat,  in  favor  of  preserving  the  union  at  all  hazards, 
and  of  protecting  the  constitution  against  all  assaults,  coming  from 
whatsoever  quarter  they  may. 

9.  That  the   election  of    N.    P.    Banks  to  the  very   responsible 
position  of  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  the  congress 
of  the  United  States,  is  dangerous  to  the  peace  and  harmony  of  the 
people  of  the  United  States  and  the  integrity  of  the  union,  because 


FIRST  REPUBLICAN  MASS  MEE  TING.  59> 

the  known  and  avowed  opinions  of  that  gentleman  on  the  subject  of 
slavery,  if  carried  into  operation  by  the  election  of  a  president  and 
a  majority  of  the  two  houses  of  congress  entertaining  similar  opin- 
ions on  this  question,  would  have  a  tendency  to  dissolve  the  union. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  placed  in  nomination  for  delegates 
to  attend  the  national  convention:  P.  C.  Rust,  Samuel  H.  Doshr 
D.  E.  Buel,  J.  H.  Hill,  P.  L.  Solomon,  J.  L.  Brent,  I.  N.  Dawley, 
S.  W.  Inge,  Michael  Gray  (withdrawn),  B.  F.  Marshall,  Daniel 
Aldrich,  R.  H.  Bowlin,  B.  S.  Lippincott,  E.  F.  Beale,  Jesse  Brush, 
Volney  E.  Howard,  W.  H.  Endicott  (withdrawn),  Nelson  Taylor, 
W.  D.  Farren,  C.  F.  Lott,  A.  Redman  and  W.  J.  Ford.  On  the 
first  ballot  Rust,  Dosh,  Brent,  Hill,  Buel,  Solomon,  Dawley  and 
Inge  were  elected.  W.  J.  Ford,  Jas.  M.  Wilson,  R.  H.  Boring, 
Jesse  Brush,  Nelson  Taylor,  John  L.  Chipman,  A.  Redman,  J.  B. 
Frisbie,  Jefferson  Hunt,  Samuel  T.  Leake,  W.  D.  Farren,  Thomas 
McConnell,  W.  Lowe  and  W.  H.  Graham  were  nominated  for  alter- 
nates, and  Ford,  Taylor,  Wilson,  Hunt,  Frisbie,  Lowe,  McConnelL 
and  Chipman  elected.  Immediately  before  the  adjournment  the 
following  resolution  was  adopted: 

That  the  convention  does  hereby  most  fully  approve  of  the  action 
of  the  senate  and  assembly  in  preventing  the  election  to  a  seat  in 
the  senate  of  the  United  States  of  a  "know  nothing;"  that  in  so  doing 
they  have  fully  done  their  duty  and  expressed  the  wishes  of  the 
entire  democratic  party,  and  the  wishes  of  a  majority  of  the  people. 

On  the  evening  of  April  19th,  the  first  mass  meeting  of  repub- 
licans in  California  was  held  at  Sacramento.  E.  B.  Crocker,  who 
was  the  leader  of  the  new  party  in  that  county,  opened  the  meeting 
and  was  granted  a  fair  hearing.  Geo.  C.  Bates  was  then  introduced t 
but  the  general  disturbance  raised  by  the  Americans  and  democrats 
present  prevented  his  voice  from  being  heard.  Henry  S.  Foote  then 
took  the  stand  and  begged  the  disturbers  to  desist  and  allow  the 
meeting  to  proceed,  but  he  was  not  heeded.  The  republican  speakers 
again  attempted  to  talk,  when  suddenly  a  rush  was  made  for  the 
stand  by  the  crowd  and  it  was  overturned  and  the  meeting  broken 
up. 

On  April  30th,  the  first  state  convention  of  republicans  met  in 
the  Congregational  church  at  Sacramento.  E.  B.  Crocker  was  tem- 
porary chairman,  and  the  permanent  officers  were  Nathaniel  Ben- 
nett, president;  and  Thos.  Hill,  H.  Wade,  John  Dick,  H.  Robin 


60         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

son,  Jonathan  Phelps,  Thos.  Bartlett,  and  E.  P.  Flint,  vice-presidents. 
The  convention   was  slimly  attended,  but  thirteen   counties  being 
represented,  and  several  by  but  one  delegate.     Of  the  125  delegates 
present,  66  were  from  San  Francisco  and  Sacramento. 
The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

1.  That  the  republican  party  is  organized  to  preserve  the  liberties 
of  the  people,  the  sovereignty  of  the  states,  and  the  perpetuity  of 
the  union,  by  administering  public  affairs  upon  the  principles  estab- 
lished by  our  forefathers  at  the  organization  of  our  federal  govern- 
ment. 

2.  That  we  adopt  as  the  cardinal  principle  of  our  organization, 
-i  the  prohibition  of  slavery  in  all  the  national  territories — a  principle 

derived  from  the  ordinance  of  1787,  adopted  at  the  formation  of  the 
republic,  and  which  was  applied  to  all  the  territory  then  the  prop- 
erty of  the  nation. 

3.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  "preventing  the  increase  of  the  politi- 
cal power  of  slavery  "  in  our  federal  government. 

4.  That  the  prohibition  of  slavery  in  the  territories  of  the  union, 
is  properly  within  the  control  of  congress,  and  all  the  people  of  the 
union  are,  therefore,  directly  responsible  should  it  be  permitted  to 
extend  over  such  territories. 

5.  That  slavery,  in  the  several  slave  states,  depends  solely  upon 
>  state  laws  for  its  existence,  and  that  congress  has  no  power  to  modify 

or  repeal  such  laws,  and  we  are  not,  therefore,  responsible  therefor. 
^  We  are  therefore  opposed  to  all  interference  with  slavery  in  the 
slave  states. 

6.  That  slavery  is  a  sectional  institution,  in   which  only   about 
350,000  slave  holders  are  directly  interested,  while  freedom   is  a 
national  principle,  by  which  26,000.000  of  American  freeman  are 
secured    in    their    rights.      The    republican,    being    the    only   party 
opposed  to  the  extension  of  slavery,  and  in  favor  of  free  institutions 
for  our  territories,  is  therefore  the  only  national  party  now  seeking 
the  support  of  the  American  people. 

7.  That  we  heartily  welcome  to  our  country  the  honest  and  indus 
trious  immigrants,  who  seek  our  shores  to  escape  from  European  des- 
potism, and  we  deprecate   all  attempts  to   embitter  their  feelings 
against  our  free  institutions  by  political   persecution   on  account  of 
their  foreign  birth. 

8.  That  the  speedy  construction   of  a  national  railroad,  by  the 
most  central  and  eligible  route,  from  the  Missouri   river  to  the  bay 
of  San  Francisco,  is  demanded  by  the  military,  postal,  and  commer- 


FIRST  REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  61 

cial  necessities  of  the  republic,  nndgfrnnM   fomTrand  jjie  direct  and 


immediate  aid  and  support  of  the  federal  government;  and  the  only/0  ( 
hope  of  its  construction  is  in  the  success  of  the  republican  party.        Is- 

9.  That  the   future  growth  and  prosperty  of  our  state  depends 
upon  the  speedy  settlement  of  land  titles  ;  and  we  regard   a  law, 
judiciously  framed,  for  securing  to  the  bona  fide  settler  the  improve- 
ments he  may  have  made  upon  private  lands,  in  ignorance  of  the 
title,  as  peculiarly  required  in  the  present  uncertainty  of  boundaries 
and  titles.     We  are  also  in  favor  of  a  free  grant  to  actual  settlers, 
of  reasonable  portions  of  the  public  Jands  ;  and  also  of  the  present 
system  of  free  mining  established  in  our  state. 

10.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  the  people  to  select  as  candidates  for 
office  in  this  state,  only  such  men  as  are  permanently  located  here, 
and  who,  by  their  moral  character  and  correct  business  habits,  give 
assurance  that   a  rigid  economy,  as  well  as  an  energetic  enforce- 
ment of  the  laws,  will  govern  in  the  administration  of  public  affairs. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  Mr.  Crocker,  and  with- 
drawn after  a  discussion  : 

That  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri  compromise  utterly  absolves  us 
from  all  support  of  any  of  the  compromises  respecting  slavery,  not 
embraced  in  the  federal  constitution  ;  and  we  are  therefore  opposed 
to  the  admission  of  any  more  slave  states  into  the  union. 

The  platform  of  the  Pittsburg  convention  was  adopted  unani- 
mously. 

The  following  were  selected,  as  delegates,  to  attend  the  national 
convention  :  From  San  Francisco,  Francis  B.  Folger,  0.  A.  Wash- 
burn,  Jas.  A.  Wells;  Sacramento,  Eben  Owens;  Alameda,  W.  H. 
Chamberlain  ;  Santa  Clara,  Jas.  M.  Pierce  ;  Sutter,  Geo.  M.  Han- 
son; Butte,  John  Dick;  Yuba,  John  0.  Fall,  S.  M.  Judkins  ;  Nevada, 
John  Phelps  ;  Yolo,  John  M.  Reed. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  E.  B.  Crocker, 
George  Rowland,  Cornelius  Cole,  Annis  Merrill,  Charles  Watrous, 
James  Churchman,  and  others. 

Owens  offered  a  resolution  to  the  effect  that  the  delegation  be 
instructed  to  cast  their  first  vote  for  John  C.  Fremont  for  presi- 
dent. 

Crocker  offered  the  following  substitute  : 

That  this  convention  declines  to  instruct  its  delegates  to  the 
national  convention  as  to  their  votes  in  that  convention  for  the 


62         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

respective  candidates  for  president  and  vice-president  of  the  United 
States ;  that  we  leave  this  matter  entirely  to  the  good  sense  and  dis- 
cretion of  our  delegates,  being  well  satisfied  that,  after  consultation 
with  their  republican  brethren  of  the  other  states  of  our  union  in 
convention  assembled,  they  will  act  with  a  clear  and  decided 
purpose  to  insure  the  success  of  the  national  republican  party  in  the 
coming  presidential  election. 

The  substitute  was  adopted. 

Among  the  delegates  to  the  convention,  other  then  those  mentioned 
in  the  proceedings,  were  George  C.  Bates,  Samuel  Soule,  J.  W. 
Foard,  C.  P.  Huntington,  P.  Coggins,  Dr.  A.  B.  Nixon,  E.  H. 
Miller,  Mark  Hopkins,  and  O.  C.  Wheeler. 

Early  in  May,  a  public  discussion  was  announced  to  take  place  at 
Sacramento,  between  Geo.  0.  Bates  (rep.)  and  J.  0.  Zabriskie  (dem.), 
but  when  the  appointed  time  arrived  no  location  could  be  secured 
on  account  of  the  anticipated  disturbance,  and  the  meeting  was 
postponed  until  the  evening  of  the  10th  of  that  month.  At  that 
time,  the  discussion  was  commenced.  JElottenueggs  were  thrown  and 
fire  crackers  burned  to  create  a  disturbance,  but  the  police  made 
several  arresltspaird  order  was  restored.  After  the  meeting  closed, 
outsiders  took  possession  of  the  stand,  and  a  resolution  was  adopted 
declaring  "that  the  people  of  this  city  have  been  outraged  by  the 
discussion  of  treasonable  doctrines  by  a  public  felon,  and  that  we 
will  not  submit  to  such  an  outrage  in  the  future." 

A  few  days  later  the  Sacramento  Tribune  (Amer.),  referring  to 
the  meeting,  said  : 

The  fact  that  a  public  discussion  was  permitted  to  take  place  in  a 
public  street  in  the  heart  of  our  city;  in  the  presence  of  a  large  con- 
course of  citizens,  mostly  all  of  whom  disapprove  of  the  doctrines 
advocated  by  the  speakers,  and  this,  too,  when  it  is  the  firm  convic- 
tion of  a  large  majority  of  the  persons  assembled  that  the  agitation 
of  the  slavery  question  as  the  basis  of  political  party  organization,  is 
against  the  true  interest  of  the  state  and  the  nation,  speaks  volumes 
in  favor  of  the  public  morals  in  Sacramento. 

On  May  13th,  the  semi-annual  session  of  the  state  council  of  the 
American  party  commenced  at  Sacramento.  It  was  presided  over 
by  S.  A.  McMeans,  the  grand  president;  and  140  delegates  were 
present,  representing  twenty-five  counties.  On  the  14th,  McMeans 
was  unanimously  elected  president,  and  Silas  Selleck,  vice-president. 


SESSION  OF  AMERICAN  COUNCIL.  63 

The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

1.  That  the  people  of  the  territories  of  the  United  States  have 
the  sole  right  to  regulate  their  own  domestic  institutions,  and  that 
congress  has  no  constitutional  power,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  to 
interfere  with  slavery  either  in  the  states  or  territories. 

2.  That  we  heartily  indorse  the  nomination  of  Millard  Fillmore 
for  president  and   of  Andrew   J.   Donelson  for   vice-president,  as 
national  men,  and  in  that  their  former  course  of  policy  guarantees 
to  California  their  favorable  action  upon  the  construction  of   the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  railroad  by  the  general  government  as  a  national 
work,  and  for  the  benefit  of  the  union  as  a  whole. 

3.  That  we  consider  the  construction  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
railroad  as  paramount  to  every  other  interest  of  California  in 
relations  to  the  general  government,  and  that  our  safety,  prosperity, 
and  well  being,  in  a  great  measure,  require  that  it  be  built  with  all     \ 
reasonable  speed. 

4.  That  we  cordially  indorse  the  platform  adopted  by  the  national 
council  assembled  at  Philadelphia,  on  February  22,  1856. 

5.  That  the  American  party  of  this  state  cannot  view  with  indif- 
ference the  evil  that  must  naturally  grow  out  of  the  large  amount  of 
our  mineral  lands,  which  are  covered   by   Spanish  grants,   which 
must  ultimately  result  in  immense  monopolies,  that  will  endanger 
the  peace  and  quietude  of  our  state;  and  that  we  will,  to  prevent 
such    evils,  as   well  as    to    protect  generally  the    mining   interest 
(which  is  one  of  such  paramount  importance  to  this  state),  use  all 
our  strength  and  influence  as  a  party  to  procure  the  purchase  of  all 
such  domain  by  the  general  government,  that  the  same  may  be  left 
free  and  open  for  mining  purposes  to  all  our  citizens. 

The  following  resolutions  were  offered,  and  tabled  : 

WHEREAS,  The  time  has  arrived  when  it  becomes  the  right  of 
every  member  of  the  American  party  to  know  how  that  party,  as  a 
party,  stands  upon  the  one  great  issue  which  now  divides  the  people 
of  the  states,  east  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  which,  contrary  to 
the  wishes  of  the  people,  has  been  thrust  into  the  politics  of  this  state  ; 
therefore,  resolved, 

1.  That,  in  the  opinion  of  the  state  council  of  California,  the 
measure  known  as  the  "  Kansas-Nebraska  bill "  should  be  regarded 
as  a  finality,  so  far  as  congressional  action  on  the  subject  of  slavery 
is  concerned ;  said  bill  only  guaranteeing  to  the  people  of  the  terri- 
tories the  same  privilege  of  deciding  for  themselves,  with  regard  to 


64         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

their  domestic  institutions,  that  the  people  of  California  claimed  and 
exercised. 

2.  That  the  republican  movement  in  this  state  is  regarded  by  this 
council  as  mischievous  and  treasonable — the  doctrines  advocated  by 
said  party,  if  carried  into  effect,  disfranchising  entirely  those  citi- 
zens born  in  a  particular  section  of  the  republic  ;  and,  therefore, 
having  a  direct  tendency  to  build  up  sectional  parties,  and  to 
encourage  sectional  strife,  against  which  we  were  solemnly  warned 
by  George  Washington  himself,  and  which,  if  carried  to  any  extent, 
must  inevitably  procure  the  disruption  of  the  confederacy. 
'  3.  That  the  American  party  will  oppose  with  all  its  power,  the 
success  of  said  republican  movement,  and  we  pledge  ourselves  to 
each  other  to  wage  an  uncompromising  war  upon  it. 

Thos.  J.  Oxley  offered  the  following,  which  was  tabled : 

That  this  state  council  will  not  express  any  opinion  in  regard  to 
the  principles  embodied  in  the  measure  known  as  the  "  Kansas- 
Nebraska  bill" 

McOallum  offered  the  following  : 

The  recognition  of  the  right  of  the  native  born  and  naturalized 
citizens  of  the  United  States  permanently  residing  in  any  territory 
thereof,  to  frame  their  constitution  and  laws,  and  to  regulate  their 
domestic  and  social  affairs  in  their  own  mode,  subject  only  to  the 
provisions  of  the  federal  constitution,  with  the  right  of  admission 
into  the  union  whenever  they  have  the  requisite  population  for  one 
representative  in  congress ;  provided ,  always,  that  none  but  those 
who  are  citizens  of  the  United  States,  under  the  constitution  and 
laws  thereof,  and  who  have  a  fixed  residence  in  any  such  territory, 
ought  to  participate  in  the  formation  of  the  constitution,  or  in  the 
enactment  of  laws  for  said  territory  or  state. 

The  whole  matter  was  laid  on  the  table,  and  afterward  the  resolu- 
tion numbered  one,  in  the  series  adopted,  was  passed.  On  the  17th, 
a  lengthy  address  was  issued  to  the  people  signed  by  a  committee, 
composed  of  James  T.  Farley,  W.  W.  Hawks,  B.  0.  Whitman,  and 
others. 


The  republican  convention,  to  nominate  presidential  electors  and 
congressmen,  met  at  Sacramento,  on  August  27th,  and  was  called  to 
order  by  E.  B.  Crocker,  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  Joseph 
A.  Nunes  was  elected  temporary  chairman.  On  permanent  organiza- 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION,  65 

tion,  Gen.  C.  H.  S.  Williams  was  president;  and  Daniel  Olds,  W.  F. 
Curtis,  0.  G.  Lincoln,  E.  Fitzhenry,  J.  R,  Clark,  0.  Wadhams, 
C.  G.  Boerman,  L.  T.  Wilson,  J.  0.  Harmer,  Thos.  Cox,  P.  H.  Sib- 
ley,  James  Gathers,  T,  O.  Larkin,  A.  B.  Nixon,  J.  W.  Jones,  C.  S. 
Haswell,  S.  W.  Brown,  S.  Overmeyer,  Antonio  M.  Pico,  J.  W. 
Kelsey,  Wm.  Page,  Julius  Smart,  and  Lewis  Cunningham  were  vice- 
presidents. 

On  the  28th,  the  following  nominations  were  made  : 

Cornelius  Cole,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  B.  A.  Perkins,  Thos.  Cox,  George  A.  Bunk,  Wm.  S.  Cooper, 
Herman  Camp,  and  E.  Giddings. 

Alex.  Bell,  F.  P.  Tracy,  C.  K  Ormsby,  and  L.  C.  Gunn,  for  presi- 
dential electors,  by  acclamation — the  other  candidates,  T.  0.  Lar- 
kin, John  N.  Turner,  W.  W.  Shepard,  A.  M.  Pico,  G.  B.  Tingley, 
Warner  Oliver,  F.  B.  Murdock,  Chas.  G.  Lincoln,  and  John  Dick, 
withdrawing.  • 

J.  M.  Buffington,  for  school  superintendent,  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  John  M  Howe,  Wm.  Sheldon,  Wm.  Sherman,  A.  H.  Myers, 
and  S.  S.  Johnson. 

Ira  P.  Bankin,  for  congressman  from  the  southern  district,  on 
the  first  ballot,  over  C.  H.  S.  Williams,  F.  P.  Tracy,  E.  D.  Baker, 
and  0.  A.  Washburn. 

Thos.  Cox,  for  congressman  from  the  northern  district,  on  the  first 
ballot,  over  C.  A.  Tuttle,  L.  Cunningham,  J.  C.  Brown,  J.  T.  Mc- 
Lean, E.  B.  Crocker,  D.  W.  Cheesman,  and  0.  N.  Ormsby. 

Moses  Arms,  for  state  prison  director,  over  J.  0.  Wheeler,  Geo. 
Goodrich,  Chas.  Brown,  and  H.  S.  Gates. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  Trenor  W.  Park, 
B.  W.  Hathaway,  Samuel  Soule,  J.  T.  McLean,  E.  B.  Crocker,  C. 
Cole,  and  L.  C.  Granger. 

The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

1.  That   we    cordially  endorse   the    resolutions    adopted    by  the 
national  republican  convention,  and  in  them  we  recognize  the  prin- 
ciples  which  governed  the  political  course  of   the  fathers  of   the 
republic. 

2.  That  we  heartily  ratify  the  nomination  of  John  C.  Fremont 
and  Wm.  L.  Dayton,  and  we  will  give  them  an  enthusiastic  support, 
as  the  standard  bearers  of  republicanism  in  this  presidential  cam- 
paign. 

3.  That  we  inscribe  on  our  banner  "  Freedom,  Fremont  and  the 

5 


-66         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Railroad,"  and  under  it  we  will  fight  on  until  victory  shall  crown  our 
-efforts. 

4.  That  slavery  in  the  slave  states  depends  solely  upon  state  laws 
for  its  existence ;  that  congress  has  no  power  to  modify,  change  or 
repeal  such  laws,  and  is  not  responsible  therefor.     We  are,  there- 

>  fore,  opposed  to  all  interference  with  slavery  in  the  slave  states. 

5.  That  the  speedy  construction  of  a  national  railroad,  by  the  most 
central  and  eligible  route,  connecting  the  Atlantic  states  with  Cali- 
fornia, is  demanded  by  the  military,  postal,  and  commercial  necessi- 
ties of  the  republic ;  and  we  recognize  the  power  of  congress,  under 
the  constitution,  to  appropriate  money,  as  well  as  land,  to  aid  in 
building  this  great  work,  and  the  only  hope  of  its  construction  is  in 
the  election  of  John  0.  Fremont. 

6.  That  P.  T.  Herbert,  by  the  murder  of  an  humble  laborer,  has 
rendered  himself  unworthy  of  a  seat  as  our  representative  in  con- 
gress ;  and  the  democrats  in  the  federal  legislature,  by  refusing  to 
investigate  the  facts,  have  sanctioned  the  bloody  deed ;  and  Senator 
Weller,  in  attempting  to  screen  him  from  public  odium,  merits  the 
severest  condemnation.     (This  resolution  referred  to  the  killing  of 
Thos.   Keating,  a   waiter  at  Willard's  Hotel,  Washington,  by  Con- 
gressman Herbert,  on  May  8,  1856.) 

7.  That  the  time  has  fully  come  for  a  thorough  and  radical  reform 
in  our  state  affairs,  and  the  complete  overthrow  of  political  parties 
who  have  encouraged  and  sustained  a  host  of  cormorants  in  their 
schemes  for  plundering  the  people. 

8.  That   the   practice    of    electing   to   important    public   offices 
immoral  and  unprincipled  men,  and  those  who  have  no  permanent 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  country,  has  disgraced  our  state,  and 
is  an  evil  which  demands  an  immediate  remedy. 

9.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  speedy  settlement  of  land  titles  in 
this  state,  of  a  free  grant  to  actual  settlers  of  reasonable  portions  of 
the  public  domain,  and  of  free  mining  upon  the  public  lands. 

On  October  7th,  Cox,  one  of  the  nominees  for  congressman,  with- 
drew from  the  ticket,  on  account  of  personal  attacks  which  had 
been  made  upon  him  by  the  opposition  press.  In  his  letter  of  with- 
drawal, he  stated  that  the  charges  were  "  in  the  main  false,"  but  as 
he  had  not  time  before  election  to  disprove  them  by  obtaining  testi- 
mony from  the  east,  he  would  not  become  a  stumbling  block  by 
remaining  on  the  ticket.  The  state  committee  immediately  nomi- 
nated J.  N.  Turner  for  the  place. 

The  new  party  continued  to  be  the  object  of  most  bitter  attacks 


AMERICAN  CONVENTION.  67 

by  both  of  the  old  parties,  on  account  of  its  tendency  toward  aboli- 
tionism. The  feeling  that  was  entertained  toward  it  may  be  imag- 
ined from  the  following  allusion  to  the  last  convention,  that  appeared 
in  the  Sacramento  State  Journal,  of  August  28th  : 

The  convention  of  nigger  worshipers  assembled  yesterday  in  this 
city.  Ecce  Signum !  This  is  the  first  time  that  this  dangerous 
fanaticism  has  dared  to  bare  its  breast  before  the  people  of  Califor- 
nia. Heretofore,  it  has  skulked  in  dark  corners,  denied  its  own 
identity,  and  kept  in  the  background;  but  the  success  which 
attended  the  "know  nothing"  party  in  its  efforts  to  abolitionize  con- 
gress, and  inaugurating  a  reign  of  anarchy  in  the  northern  and 
western  states  of  the  confederacy,  has  emboldened  these  political  des- 
peradoes to  attempt  the  work  of  abolitionizing  California.  A  year 
ago  no  such  a  scene  as  we  now  witness  in  this  city  would  have  been 
tolerated  or  thought  of ;  a  year  ago  the  fanatics  would  have  been 
ashamed  to  acknowledge  allegiance  to  the  party  founded  by  Hale, 
Wilson,  Chase,  Sumner,  el  id  omne  genus.  We  tell  our  readers 
there  is  dangerous  meaning  in  the  spectacle  of  political  degradation 
now  before  us,  and  that  it  is  high  time  all  national  men  should 
unite  in  saving  California  from  the  stain  of  abolitionism — high  time 
that  we  should,  for  the  present,  at  least,  cast  aside  our  personal  pre- 
ferences for  men,  and  our  little  personal  rivalries,  and  unite  upon 
the  party  which  is  the  strongest  and  truest  exponent  of  conserva- 
tism and  unionism — which  is  neither  propagandist  nor  abolitionist, 
but  which  arrays  itself  in  support  of  the  sacred  guarantees  of  the 
constitution.  *  *  *  The  "know  nothings,"  it  is  clearly  demon- 
strated, are  "  down  amongst  the  dead  men."  They  do  not  under- 
stand their  own  position  in  respeet  to  the  great  issue  now  in  contro- 
versy. Ask  one  of  them  how  he  stands  on  the  Kansas-Nebraska 
question,  and  he  will  be  unable  to  reply. 

9 

On  September  2d,  the  American  state  convention  met  at  the 
Congregational  church,  Sacramento.  It  was  called  to  order  by  S.  A. 
McMeans,  president  of  the  state  council.  The  first  day  was  con- 
sumed in  settling  contests  among  delegates.  On  the  3d,  on  perma- 
nent organization,  J.  G.  McOallum  was  elected  president,  and  Thos. 
J.  Oxley,  J.  H.  Harris,  B.  G.  Weir,  Eben  Niles,  and  Alex.  G. 
Abell,  vice-presidents. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  : 

B.  C.  Whitman  and  A.  B.  Dibble,  for  congressmen,  on  the  second 
ballot,  over  D.  R.  Ashley,  0.  0.  Hall  (withdrawn),  W.  W.  Upton 


68         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

(withdrawn),  Jesse  O.  Goodwin  (withdrawn),  J.  M.  Williams 
(withdrawn),  Jas.  W.  Coffroth  (withdrawn),  W.  S.  Sherwood,  Jas. 
T.  Farley  (withdrawn),  George  H.  Cartter,  A.  P.  Catlin,  J.  D.  Cosby 
(withdrawn),  Wm.  H.  Culver  (declined),  J.  G.  McCallum  (declined), 
and  John  M.  Howell  (declined). 

John  Skinker,  for  supreme  court  clerk,  on  the  third  ballot,  over 
G.  W.  Gilmore,  E.  C.  Gillette,  Oliver  Wolcott,  Dr.  J.  Powell,  D.  T. 
Bagley,  Louis  Teal,  J.  D.  Scellen,  W.  H.  Taylor,  and  H.  R.  Haw- 
kins. 

Horace  P.  Janes,  for  school  superintendent,  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  J.  C.  Cook,  Dr.  F.  W.  Hatch,  N.  Slater,  0.  C.  Wheeler,  R.  H. 
Tibbetts,  M.  M.  Noah,  Dr.  W.  W.  Stevenson,  M.  Walthall,  and 
C.  F.  Linn. 

Bailey  Peyton,  Jesse  S.  Pitzer,  R.  N.  Wood,  and  0.  C.  Hall,  for 
presidential  electors,  over  W.  W.  Upton,  W.  W.  Sefton,  D.  R.  Ash- 
ley, James  W.  Coif  roth,  Caleb  Dorsey,  J.  G.  McCallum,.  A.  M.  Ros- 
borough,  R.  H.  Daly,  Geo.  H.  Rhoades,  E.  Garst,  and  Henry  S. 
Foote. 

Manuel  A.  Castro,  Chas.  D.  Semple,  Jos.  Winston,  and  J.  Milton 
Williams,  for  alternate  electors. 

The  convention  decided  not  to  nominate  a  candidate  for  state 
prison  director,  considering  that  the  office  had  been  abolished  by  the 
legislature.  At  this  stage  of  the  proceedings,  a  resolution  was 
handed  to  the  secretary  to  read,  but  as  soon  as  that  officer  had  pro- 
ceeded far  enough  to  enable  the  convention  to  conjecture  what  was 
coming,  a  storm  was  raised  which  beggars  description.  The  first 
manifestations  of  opposition  were  the  hisses  from  fifty  lips  at  once, 
and  then  cries  came  from  all  parts  of  the  house  of  "kick  it  under 
the  table,"  etc.  The  reading  was  discontinued,  and  the  offensive 
document  was  hurried  out  of  sight.  The  "  bombshell "  was  in  the 
following  words  : 

»  That  the  American  party  recognize  the  constitution  and  the  laws 
of  this  state  as  the  supreme  authority;  that  such  laws  should  be  main- 
tained in  every  part,  and  that  we  repudiate  the  heretical  higher-law 
doctrine  lately  promulgated  by  many  newspapers  of  this  state  ;  that 
we,  as  a  party,  condemn  the  acts  and  doctrines  of  the  organization 
known  as  the  vigilance  committee  of  San  Francisco,  as  destructive 
of  the  prosperity  of  this  state  and  dangerous  to  the  rights  and 
liberties  of  her  citizens;  that  this  question  cannot  be  treated  as 
merely  local,  affecting  only  the  citizens  of  San  Francisco,  but  it  is 


AMERICAN   CONVENTION.  69 

one  in  which  every  citizen  of  California  is  vitally  interested  ;  the 
question  being,  practically,  whether  the  constitution  and  laws, 
instituted  by  the  people,  and  the  rights  of  citizens  under  them,  shall 
be  maintained,  or  whether  the  majority  of  any  town  or  precinct 
may,  at  their  own  option,  nullify  the  laws  and  abrogate  the  con- 
stitution.* 

The  following  platform  was  adopted  : 

That  the  American  party,  being  essentially  a  reform  party,  they 
pledge  themselves,  in  laboring  to  elect  Fillmore  and  Donelson,  the 
nominees  of  the  convention ;  to  lend  their  energies  in  the  aid  of  the 

*This  resolution  referred  to  the  action  of  the  vigilance  committee  in  San 
Francisco  in  1856.  In  that  city  crime  had  been  frequent  and  its  punishment  rare. 
Wm.  H.  Richardson,  the  United  States  marshal  for  the  northern  district  of  the 
state,  was  shot  and  killed  on  the  street  by  a  gambler  named  Charges  Cora,  on  Nov- 
ember 17th,  1855,  and  while  the  murder  was  unprovoked,  it  was  evident  that  Cora 
could  never  be  convicted  in  the  courts  because  of  the  money  and  influence  that  was 
being  used  in  his  behalf.  The  culmination  came,  however,  with  the  assassination 
of  James  King  of  William,  by  James  P.  Casey,  on  May  14th,  1856.  King  was  the 
editor  of  the  San  Francisco  Bulletin,  and  Casey  was  the  proprietor  of  the  Sunday 
Times,  and  a  political  manager.  A  communication  appeared  in  the  Times,  signed 
"Caliban,"  which  reflected  on  Thomas  S.  King,  a  brother  of  James,  and  another 
appeared  in  the  Bulletin  relative  to  one,  Bagley,  who  had  been  indicted  for  attempt- 
ing to  kill  Casey,  On  the  evening  of  the  14th,  King  in  an  editorial  said  : 

It  does  not  matter  how  bad  a  man  Casey  had  been,  nor  how  much  benefit  it  might 
be  to  the  public  to  have  him  out  of  the  way.  we  cannot  accord  to  any  one  citizen 
the  right  to  kill  him,  or  even  beat  him,  without  justifiable  personal  provocation. 
The  fact  that  Casey  has  been  an  inmate  of  Sing  Sing  prison  in  New  York  is  no 
offense  against  the  laws  of  this  state;  nor  is  the  tact  of  his  having  stuffed  himself 
through  the  ballot-box  as  elected  to  the  Board  of  Supervisors  from  a  district  where 
it  is  said  he  was  not  even  a  candidate  any  justification  for  Mr.  Bagley  to  shoot 
Casey,  however  richly  the  latter  may  deserve  to  have  his  neck  stretched  for  such 
fraud  on  the  people. 

Two  hours  after  the  Bulletin  appeared  that  evening,  King  was  fatally  shot  by 
Casey.  The  latter  was  arrested,  but  it  was  with  difficulty  that  Mayor  Van  Ness 
and  the  officers  kept  him  from  the  mob.  That  evening  the  old  vigilance  committee 
of  1851  met  and  reorganized,  and  on  Sunday  they  took  Casey  and  Cora  from  the  jail 
to  the  committee  rooms.  On  the  20th  King  died,  and,  when  the  bells  tolled  forth 
the  sad  intelligence,  a  deep  gloom  overspread  the  city.  His  remains  were  interred 
in  Lone  Mountain  cemetery  on  the  22d,  and  on  the  same  day  Casey  and  Cora  were 
hanged  by  the  committee,  they  having  previously  been  secretly  tried  and  convicted. 
Two  other  men  who  were  charged  with  murder,  Joseph  Hetherington  and  P.  Brace, 
were  afterward,  on  July  29th,  hanged  by  the  committee,  and  a  number  of  objec- 
tionable characters  were  banished  from  the  state.  On  June  21st  Sterling  A.  Hop- 
kins, one  of  the  committee's  policemen,  was  sent  for  Reuben  Meloney,  who  was 
required  as  a  witness.  Meloney  was  found  in  the  office  of  R.  P.  Ashe,  the  U.  S. 
naval  officer,  where  also  was  David  S.  Terry,  a  justice  of  the  state  supreme  court. 
Ashe  arid  Terry  interfered  for  Meloney,  and  when  Hopkins  returned  with  assistance 
they  had  procured  arms  and  were  escorting  Meloney  to  the  Dupont-street  armory. 
In  the  collision  which  ensued  Terry  stabbed  Hopkins  severely  in  the  neck.  Terry 
was  captured  by  the  committee  and  was  kept  by  them  in  close  confinement  until 
August  7th.  During  this  period  no  business  was  transacted  in  the  supreme  court, 
as"  Judge  Heydenfeldt  had  departed  for  the  east  and  Europe  on  March  3d,  and  was 
still  abroad,  and  there  was  no  quorum  of  the  judges  at  liberty  in  the  state.  The 
court  resumed  its  sessions  on  August  25th,  with  Justices  Murray  and  Terry  on  the 
bench.  Heydenfeldt  did  not  return  until  in  October.  The  committee  disbanded  in 
August. 


70         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

great  and  essential  reform  movements  of  the  day — the  Pacific  rail- 
road, the  purity  of  the  ballot-box,  the  elevation  of  none  but  pure 
men  to  positions  as  local  officers,  and  that  we  recognize  all  persons 
advocating  the  election  of  Fillmore  and  Donelson,  as  co-laborers 
with  us  in  the  glorious  cause  of  union  and  regeneration. 


Another  democratic  convention  met  in  the  Congregational  church, 
at  Sacramento,  on  September  9th.  It  was  called  to  order  by  B.  F. 
Washington,  the  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  On  the  10th,. 
Jos.  P.  Hoge  was  elected  permanent  chairman,  and  Geo.  P.  Porter, 
Wm.  McClure,  D.  B.  Milne,  John  M.  O'Neill,  A.  T.  Laird,  and 
Andres  Pico,  vice-presidents. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  : 

Chas.  L.  Scott,  for  congressman  from  the  southern  district,  on  the 
third  ballot,  over  Frank  Tilford,  Wm.  L.  Dudley,  and  Pablo  de  la 
Guerra. 

Jos.  0.  McKibben,  for  congressman  from  the  northern  district,  on 
the  first  ballot,  over  John  Conness,  Royal  T.  Sprague,  John  T.  Cren- 
shaw,  Jas.  W.  Denver,  P.  T.  Herbert,  and  F.  J.  McCann. 

On  the  llth,  Ohas.  S.  Fairfax,  for  supreme  court  clerk,  on  the 
third  ballot,  over  Humphrey  Griffith,  Geo.  S.  Evans,  Moses  E. 
Flannigan,  D.  W.  Gelwicks,  P.  K.  Woodside,  and  Thos.  H. 
Goombs. 

Andrew  J.  Moulder,  for  school  superintendent,  on  the  second 
ballot,  over  E.  A.  Theller,  Wm.  G.  Wood,  A.  0.  Baine,  Paul  K. 
Hubbs,  W.  H.  Graham,  Sherman  Day,  and  W.  M.  Gwin. 

Augustin  Olvera,  George  Freanor,  P.  de  la  Torre,  and  A.  C.  Brad- 
ford, for  presidential  electors,  over  P.  de  la  Guerra,  P.  H.  Clayton, 
Wm.  McClure,  G.  W.  Colby,  W.  S.  Long,  0.  J.  Lansing,  Alex. 
Hunter,  Geo.  Pearce,  J.  P.  Hoge,  Chas.  Precht,  Wm.  McDaniels, 
H.  Griffith,  and  John  B.  Frisbie. 

J.  M.  Covarrubias,  0.  Precht,  J.  0.  Palmer,  and  W.  S.  Long  were 
selected  as  alternates. 

No  nomination  was  made  for  state  prison  director. 

On  the  12th,  the  following  address  and  resolutions  were  adopted: 

To  the  people  of  California — Your  convention,  in  closing  its 
labors,  congratulates  the  democracy  of  California  on  its  present  posi- 
tion and  its  future  prospects.  At  our  late  national  convention, 
held  at  Cincinnati,  a  platform  was  adopted  replete  with  sound 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  71 

sense,  distinctly  denning  the  course  of  that  great  political  party  to 
which  we  belong,  and  clearly  enunciating  that  foreign  and  domestic 
policy  which  it  has  ever  been  the  great  aim  of  the  democratic  party 
to  uphold  and  maintain,  and  to  which  we  invite  a  cordial  and  unani- 
mous assent.  At  that  convention  were  nominated,  respectively,  as 
candidates  for  the  president  and  vice-president  of  the  United  States, 
James  Buchanan  and  John  C.  Breckinridge ;  the  former  a  statesmen 
who  has  grown  gray  in  the  service  of  his  country,  well  acquainted 
with  the  policy  of  foreign  powers,  perfectly  conversant  with  the 
machinery  of  European  cabinets,  and  to  whose  experienced  hands 
we  may  safely  trust  the  destinies  of  the  republic  in  its  various  and 
complicated  relations  with  the  other  powers  of  the  globe.  The 
latter,  John  0.  Breckinridge,  though  a  younger  laborer  in  the  politi- 
cal field,  a  man  of  unquestionable  ability,  well  calculated  to  assist 
in  the  administration  of  the  government,  and  both  possessing  a  pri- 
vate character  and  public  reputation  which  may  safely  challenge  the 
investigation  of  a  world.  At  a  time,  like  the  present,  when  fanati- 
cism and  intolerance  are  rearing  their  hydraheads  in  various  sec- 
tions of  the  union,  we  calmly  and  confidently  invite  attention  to  the 
doctrines  of  the  democratic  party,  as  expressed  in  the  Cincinnati 
platform,  believing,  as  we  do,  these  doctrines  fully  calculated  to  sus- 
tain the  integrity  of  our  national  union  in  the  time  of  difficulty  and 
danger.  Guaranteeing  to  every  state  its  respective  privileges,  they 
trample  on  the  rights  of  none,  they  broach  no  new  and  dangerous 
political  heresies  calculated  to  subvert  the  original  articles  of  con- 
federacy and  endanger  the  safety  of  the  union;  they  strive  by  no 
mercenary  appeals  to  array  one  section  of  the  country  in  hostile  atti- 
tude against  another,  but  in  the  true  spirit  of  the  original  compact, 
declare  the  perfect  integrity  of  the  union  in  its  fullest  and  most 
ample  sense.  We  seek  not  to  prescribe  to  any  man  the  mode  in 
which  he  shall  worship  his  Creator,  nor  will  we  drive  by  intolerance 
from  our  shores  the  oppressed  of  any  clime  or  nation.  We  welcome, 
as  an  addition  to  national  wealth  and  strength,  the  honest  indus- 
try of  other  lands,  guaranteeing  to  those  who  may  choose  to  become 
^willing  and  worthy  citizens  of  the  republic  "  equal  rights,  equal  pri- 
vileges, and  exact  justice  to  all."  In  conclusion,  we  congratulate  the 
gallant  democracy  of  California  on  the  perfect  unanimity  which  has 
pervaded  our  councils.  Difficult  and  delicate  questions  of  national 
and  domestic  policy  have  been  met  and  argued  in  the  happiest  spirit 
of  compromising  unanimity.  "Bear  and  forbear"  has  been  our 
motto,  and  we  now  present  in  favor  of  our  national  and  state  nomi- 
nees an  unbroken  array,  an  undivided  front,  an  impenetrable  pha- 


72         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

lanx,  against  which  our  foes  may  spend  their  shafts  in  vain.  In  the 
full  confidence  that  those  time-honored  principles  for  which  we  have 
so  long  contended  are  again  about  to  assert  their  proud  supremacy 
over  the  factional  "  isms  "  of  the  day,  we  bid  you  a  kind  farewell 
until  on  the  ides  of  November,  when  we  shall  meet  again  once  more 
to  celebrate  a  democratic  triumph  in  this  El  Dorado  of  the  western 
world.  Resolved, 

1.  That  the  democracy  of  California  unanimously  endorse  and 
cordially  approve  the  platform  of  the  democratic  party,  as  adopted 
in  the  Cincinnati  convention. 

2.  That  the  democracy  of  California  decidedly  and  unequivocably 
advocate  and  approve  the  construction  of  the  Pacific  railroad,  as  a 
measure  of  the  greatest  importance,  not  only  to  California,  but  to  the 
union  at  large,  and  hereby  urge  upon  the  federal  government  and  our 
national  representatives  of  the  state  at  Washington  the  necessity  of 
using  their  most  united  exertions  and  utmost  endeavors  to  secure 
the  construction  of  this  truly  important  work. 

3.  That  the  liberal  and  enlightened  policy  of  our  democratic  gov- 
ernment, in  opening  to  the  hardy  pioneer  the  broad  field  of  our  public 
lands,  as  an  invitation  to  his  industry  and  enterprise,  has  already 
secured  the  affection  of  our  early  settlers ;  and  that  we  regard  an 
extension  of  that  policy,  so  far  as  to  secure  a  homestead  to  every 
honest  settler,  free  of  charge,  against  vicissitudes  of  fortune,  as  the 
wisest,  most  just  and  reasonable  course  which  the  general  govern- 
ment can  pursue;  and   we  earnestly  recommend  it  to  the  serious 
attention  of  our  representatives  at  Washington. 

4.  That  the  democracy  of  California  are  in  favor  of  guaranteeing 
to  every  state  and  territory  the  rights  and  privileges  secured  to  them 
by  the  constitution  and  laws  of  the  country — that  for  them  there  is 
neither  north,  south,  east,  nor  west;  and  that  duly  regarding  the 
importance  of  the  whole  as  a  union,  they,  as  a  unit  of  the  confederacy, 
will  jealously  guarantee  the  rights  of  each  individual  state. 

5.  That  we  recommend  the  utmost  economy  in  the  appropriation 
and  disbursement  of  all  public  moneys;  that  we  hold  all  public  offi- 
cers strictly  accountable  for  the  administration  of  the  public  funds;, 
that  we  regard  it  as  a  cardinal  principle  of  the  democracy  to  preserve 
unimpaired  the  credit  and  resources  of  the  state;  and  that  he  who 
commits  the  slightest  defalcation  in  this  respect,  is  unworthy  the 
support,  and  has  justly  forfeited  the  respect  and  confidence  of  the 
democratic  party. 

6.  That  we   cordially  welcome  to  the  ranks  of  the  democracy, 
and   receive  into  full  brotherhood    and   communion,  those  old-line 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  73 

whigs  and  members  of  other  parties,  who,  regarding  the  democratic 
party  as  the  great  conservative  party  of  the  union,  now  join  with  us 
in  the  existing  struggle  to  preserve  the  constitution. 

7.  That  in  James  Buchanan  and  John  C.  Breckinridge,  the  demo- 
cracy recognize  leaders  of  whom  they  may  well  be  proud,  of  unsul- 
lied public  character,  and  unspotted  private  reputation ;  and  that 
they  will  use  all   honorable  endeavors  to  secure  for  them  a  trium- 
phant majority  in  the  El  Dorado  of  the  Pacific. 

8.  That,  in  the  nominees  of  this  convention,  we  recognize  men 
worthy  of  our  implicit  confidence  and  deserving  of  our  undivided 
support,  and  hereby  pledge  to  them  the  undivided  vote  of  the  democ- 
racy of  this  state. 

9.  That  we  are  in  favor  of,  and  recommend  the  party  to  vote  for, 
at   the   coming  election,  the   proposed  amendment  of  section  two, 
article  ten,  of  the  constitution;  which  amendment  provides  that  no 
new  state  constitution  shall  be  adopted  without  a  direct  vote  of  the 
people. 

10.  That  we  do  now  adjourn  to  meet  again  at  the  polls  in  the 
mouth  of  November  next,  and  add  our  efforts  to  swell  the  triumph 
which  then  awaits  the  democracy  of  the  union. 

Immediately  after  the  platform  was  reported  by  the  committee, 
McConnell  offered  the  following  : 

That  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  and  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  are 
sacred,  and  that  the  democracy  of  this  state  will  ever  guarantee 
those  sacred  privileges  to  the  humble  citizen. 

This  resolution  referred  to  the  vigilance  committee  question. 
After  a  lengthy  discussion,  the  chairman  announced  that  the  church 
in  which  the  convention  was  sitting  must  be  vacated  by  two  o'clock, 
as  it  was  then  needed  by  its  trustees.  A  motion  was  then  carried  to 
adopt  the  resolutions  reported  by  the  committee,  and  the  chairman 
declared  that  by  virtue  of  the  tenth  resolution  the  convention  was 
adjourned  sine  die. 

The  convention  selected  a  state  committee,  consisting  of  0.  E. 
Thorn,  R.  Heath,  P.  K.  Woodside,  H.  A.  Higley,  C.  Beiiham,  J.  J. 
Hoff,  J.  P.  Hoge,  H.  P.  Barber,  G.  W.  Dent,  A.  Redington,  D.  J. 
Thomas,  J.  B.  Frisbie,  J.  Temple,  W.  A.  Mix,  G.  H.  Crossette,  Jas. 
Walsh,  A.  T.  Laird,  B.  F.  Myers,  and  others. 

The  deliberations  of  the  convention  were  by  no  means  harmonious. 
It  was  divided  into  the  old  factions — Broderick  and  anti-Broderick 
— and  the  latter  party  was  in  the  ascendency.  Tilford  and  Conness 


74         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

were  the  candidates  for  congress  on  the  Broderiok  side.     No  nomi- 
nation was  made  for  state  prison  director. 

Intelligence  of  the  nomination  of  Fillmore  and  Donelson  reached 
California  on  March  21st,  and  of  Buchanan  and  Breckenridge  and 
Fremont  and  Dayton,  on  July  14th.  Early  in  July,  a  movement 
was  instituted  in  San  Francisco  to  organize  a  people's  party  for  the 
purpose  of  making  nominations  for  the  legislature  and  local  officers, 
on  the  vigilance  committee  issue.  On  August  llth,  a  public  meet- 
ing was  held,  which  was  attended  by  about  3,000  persons,  for  the 
purpose  of  consummating  that  object.  Ira  P.  Rankin  was  chairman, 
and  a  committee  to  nominate  a  ticket  was  appointed.  After  passing 
resolutions  approving  the  action  of  the  vigilance  committee,  the 
meeting  adjourned.  The  ticket,  that  was  subsequently  nominated, 
was  elected  by  a  large  vote. 

At  the  election  held  on  November  4th,  the  democratic  electoral 
and  state  tickets  were  elected,  and  at  the  official  canvass,  the  follow- 
ing result  was  exhibited  : 

For  President— Buchanan,  51,935;  Fillmore,  35,113;  Fremont, 
20,339. 

For  Congressmen— Scott,  49,429  ;  McKibben,  49,529  ;  Whitman, 
34,681;  Dibble,  34,159;  Rankin,  21,519;  Turner,  20,595. 

For  Supreme  Court  Clerk— Fairfax,  50,579;  Skinker,  33,396; 
Cole,  20,536. 

For  School  Superintendent- — Moulder,  50,174;  Janes,  35,609; 
Buffington,  20,616. 

Moses  Arms  received  a  number  of  votes  for  state  prison  director, 
but  they  were  disregarded. 

The  democratic  electors  met  at  the  state  capitol,  on  December  3d, 
and  cast  their  votes  for  Buchanan  and  Breckinridge.  On  the  first 
ballot,  Freanor  was  chosen  as  the  messenger  to  convey  the  returns 
to  Washington. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

1867.  Gubernatorial  Campaign — Republican  Convention — Democratic 
Convention — American  Convention — Settlers'  and  Miners'  Conven- 
tion— Result  of  the  Gubernatorial  Election. 

The  republican  state  convention  met  in  the  Congregational  church, 
at  Sacramento,  on  July  8th,  and  was  composed  of  300  delegates. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  75 

It  was  called  to  order  by  G.  W.  Parr,  and  on  permanent  organiza- 
tion F.  P.  Tracy  was  president;  and  Richard  Rowe,  G.  0.  Gram- 
mar, Smith  Herrick,  J.  A.  Quimby,  G.  M.  Hanson,  and  A.  B. 
Nicholson,  vice-presidents.  The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted 
of  T.  W.  Park,  E.  B.  Crocker,  C.  A.  Tuttle,  L.  0.  Gunn,  and  G.  VV. 
Baldwin,  and  they  made  the  following  report,  which  was  adopted  : 

WHEREAS,  The  issue  upon  which  the  republican  party  has  been 
formed  is  of  a  national  character,  we  forbear  to  express  any  opinion 
in  reference  to  questions  of  state  policy,  leaving  republicans  free  to 
act  and  vote  on  all  questions ;.  therefore,  we  adopt  the  following 
resolutions  as  the  basis  of  our  organization : 

1.  (Same  as  the  first  resolution  of  the  republican  convention  of 
August  27,  1856.) 

2.  (Same  as  the  fourth  resolution  of  the  republican  convention  of 
April  30,  1856.) 

3.  (Same  as  the  fourth  resolution  of  the  convention  of  August  27r 
1856.) 

4.  (Same  as  the  fifth  resolution  of  the  convention  of  August  27, 
1856,  omitting  all  after  the  words  "this  great  work.") 

5.  (Same  as  the  ninth  resolution  of  the  convention  of  August  27, 
1856,  omitting  all  after  the  words  "the  public  domain.") 

6.  (Same  as  the  seventh  resolution  of  the  convention  of  April  30, 
1856.) 

7.  That  the  opinion  rendered  by  Chief  Justice  Taney,  and  con- 
curred in  by  other  judges,  in  the  late  "  Dred  Scott"  case,  is  a  palpa- 
ble violation  of  the  principles  of  the  declarations  of  independence,  a 
falsification  of  the  history  of  our  country,  subversive  of  state  rights, 
and  a   flagrant  injustice  to  a  large  portion  of  the  people  of  the 
United  States,   and,  as  such,  merits  the  indignant  reprobation  of 
every  freeman. 

8.  That,  as  citizens  of  the  free  state  of  California,  we  deprecate 
the  introduction  of  the  institution  of  slavery  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
and  therefore  do  extend  to  the  freemen  of   Oregon  an  earnest  desire 
for  their  success  in  the  establishment  of  free  principles  as  the  basis 
of  their  state  government. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  on  the  8th  and  9th  : 
.Edward  Stanly,  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  163, 
to  9  for  E.  D.  Baker,  6  for  D.  R.  Ashley,  1   for  T.  W.  Park,  1   for 
I.  P.   Rankin,  and   1   for  R.   Chenery;  J.  A.  Nunes,  Samuel  Bell, 
E.  B.  Crocker,  F.  P.  Tracy,  and  J.  N.  Turner  withdrawing. 


76         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

D.  W.  Cheesman,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
Ashley,  Dr.  A.  J.  Spencer,  and  Lei  and  Stanford. 

Nathaniel  Bennett,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on.  the  first 
ballot,  over  O.  L.  Shafter  and  F.  M.  Haight. 

L.  0.  Gunn,  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Wm.  L. 
Newell. 

Leland  Stanford,  for  treasurer,  without  opposition ;  J.  N.  Turner 
cTecTmthg. 

Aaron  A.  Sargent,  for  attorney-general,  without  opposition ;  F.  P. 
Tracy  and  C.  J.  Hi! Iyer  withdrawing. 

P.  M.  Randall,  for  surveyor-general,  without  opposition ;  Wm. 
Mott  withdrawing. 

F.  B.  Murdock,  for  state  printer,  without  opposition. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  E.  B.  Crocker,  Mark 
Hopkins,  J.  T.  McLean,  J.  R.  Clark.  T.  W.  Park,  F.  P.  Tracy, 
•Cyrus  Palmer,  F.  F.  Fargo,  H.  Cummings,  J.  C.  Birdseye,  C.  A. 
Tuttle,  C.  Cole,  J.  E.  Benton,  Curtis  Baird,  J.  A.  Quimby,  C.  S. 
Haswell,  J.  F.  Houghton,  C.  H.  Chamberlain,  and  others. 

Nunes  offered  the  following,  which  was  laid  on  the  table : 

That  the  numerous  imperfections  existing  in  our  state  constitu- 
tion render  it  necessary  that  a  constitutional  convention  should  be 
convened  to  make  such  changes  in  it  as  may  be  deemed  advisable, 
and  it  is  therefore  recommended  to  republicans  throughout  the  state 
to  vote  in  favor  of  the  convention. 

The  democratic  state  convention,  with  312  delegates,  met  in  the 
Congregational  church,  Sacramento,  on  July  14th,  and  was  called  to 
order  by  A.  Redington,  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  A.  C. 
Bradford  was  elected  temporary  president.  The  committee  on 
credentials  reported  a^  resolution  that  no  delegate  bo  entitled  to  a 
seat  in  the  convention  who  had  voted  in  opposition  to  Buchanan. 

Wm.  Van  Voorhies  offered  the  following  substitute  : 

We  pledge  ourselves  to  support  the  nominees  of  the  democratic 
state  convention,  and  to  use  our  utmost  exertions  to  secure  their 
election,  and  for  this  purpose  we  not  only  now  urge  upon  the  democ- 
racy the  necessity  of  harmonious  and  vigorous  action  in  the 
approaching  campaign,  but  cordially  invite  all  national  men,  of 
whatever  party  heretofore,  to  unite  with  us  in  finally  and  forever 
destroying  within  the  limits  of  our  state  the  fell  spirit  of  disunion 
and  sectionalism  which  has  threatened  the  existence  of  our  beloved 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  77 

institutions;  and  we  recognize  all  those  who  co-operate  with  us  in. 
the  approaching  campaign  as  co-laborers  with  the  democracy  of  this 
state. 

The  substitute  was  adopted  by  a  vote  of  224  to  81. 

A  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed,  consisting  of  John 
Boggs,  P.  T.  Herbert,  James  Anderson,  V.  E.  Geiger,  Jefferson 
Hunt,  R.  McGarvey,  H.  T.  Huggins,  J.  B.  Devoe,  J.  M.  Hudspeth, 
John  G.  Burch,  G.  W.  Patrick,  0.  H.  Bryan,  and  others.  On  per- 
manent organization,  Bradford  was  president,  and  S.  A.  Merritt, 
N.  E.  Whiteside,  Philip  Moore,  W7  M.  Lent,  J.  0.  James,  G.  J. 
Gouts,  F.  J.  Hoover,  F.  D.  Kohler,  B.  F.  Varney,  J.  A.  Putney, 
D.  W.  Connelly,  and  U.  Edwards,  vice-presidents. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  on  the  14th  and  15th  : 

John  B.  Weller,  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  receiving  251 
votes,  to  61  for  J.  W.  McCorkle;  John  Nugent  withdrawing. 

Joseph  Walkup,  for  lieutenant  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
J.  R.  Hardenbergh  and  J.  J.  Warner;  E.  T.  Beatty  withdrawing. 

Stephen  J.  Field,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first 
ballot,  over  Peter  H.  Burnett  and  John  H.  McKune. 

Thos.  H.  Williams,  for  attorney-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
R.  Aug.  Thompson;  W.  Gouverneur  Morris  withdrawing. 

James  W.  Mandeville,  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  J.  T. 
Paine,  Geo.  W.  Dent,  and  S.  H.  Brooks  (withdrawing). 

Thos.  Findley,  for  treasurer,  without  opposition. 

John  O'Meara,  for  printer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  H.  0.  Patrick 
and  T.  A.  Springer. 

Horace  A.  Higley,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
Rowland  Shea. 

The  majority  of  the  committee  reported  the  following  resolutions, 
which  were  all  adopted,  after  a  debate  : 

1.  (Same  as  the  first  resolution  adopted  by  the  democratic  con- 
vention of  September  9,  1856.) 

2.  (Same  as  the  second  resolution  in  the  series  above  referred  to.) 

3.  That  we  hail  with  pleasure  the  commencement  of  the  wagon 
roads,  believing  that  they  will  bring  within  the  state  a  hardy,  enter- 
prising and  laborious  class  of  citizens,  and  we  call  upon  the  govern- 
ment to  hasten  their  completion  by  liberal  appropriations. 

4.  (Same  as  the  third  resolution  in  the  series  above  referred  to.) 

5.  (Same  as  the  fourth  resolution  in  the  series  above  referred  to.) 

6.  (Same  as  the  fifth  resolution  in  the  series  above  referred  to.) 


78         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

7.  (Same  as  the  sixth  resolution  in  the  series  above  referred  to.) 

8.  (Same  as  the  eighth  resolution  in  the  series  above  referred  to.) 

9.  That  there  is  a  radical  defect  in  our  laws  regulating  preemp- 
tions, whereby  the  owner  of  a  floating  Mexican  grant  is  enabled  to 
prevent   the  settlement  of   a   tract  of   land  much  larger  than  he 
claims. 

10.  That  the  rights  of  preemptions  in  this  state  ought  to  be  as 
liberal  as  obtained  in  other  new  states,  and  these  rights  ought  to  be 
secured  to  settlers  on  all  lands  not  actually  segregated  as  private 
property. 

11.  That  the  policy  of  government  which  is  sought  to  be  estab- 
lished by  the  present  chief  magistrate  of  the  United  States,  is  emi- 
nently entitled  to  our  most  hearty  and  cordial  approbation,  as  truly 
democratic,  and    calculated  to  secure  the   promotion  of   the    best 
interests  of  our  common  country. 

12.  That  this  convention  acknowledge  a  moral  obligation  to  liqui- 
date the  existing  debt  of  the  state,  and  that  its  payment  is  hereby 
recommended. 

13.  That  political  associations,  whether  secret  or  otherwise,  based 
upon  religious  intolerance,  or  exclusion  from  the  exercise  of  political 
privileges,  guaranteed  by  the   constitution  as  it  is,  on  account  of 
personal  rank  or  the  accident  of  birth,  are  at  once  inconsistent  with 
the  spirit  of  our  institutions,  and  a  slander  upon  the  liberty -loving 
and  freedom-disseminating  people  of  this  union. 

*>  14.  That  we  consider  the  present  naturalization  laws  of  the  United 
States  in  accordance  with  our  free  and  liberal  institutions,  and  will 
resist  their  abrogation  or  amendment,  as  uncalled  for,  illiberal  and 
unjust. 

The  minority  of  the  committee  reported  the  following : 

1.  That  this  convention  recognizes  the  time-honored  principle  of 
instructions,  and  feel  it  a  duty  to  condemn  the  conduct  of  our  recent 
delegates  to  the  democratic  national  convention  at  Cincinnati  for 
their  unpardonable  disobedience  in  voting  against  that  sterling  pat- 
riot and  honored  statesman,  Jas.  Buchanan,  now  president  of  the 
United  States. 

2.  That  the  perpetuity  of  our  democratic  form  of  government  is 
based  upon  the  respect  of  the  people  for  the  laws  they  themselves 
create. 

3.  That,  inasmuch,  as  under  our  form  of  government  all  power 
comes  from  the  people,  and  constitutions  and  laws  are  but  the  expres- 
sions of  the  popular  will;  therefore,  the  late  violations  of  our  con- 


ADDRESS  TO   THE  AMERICAN  PARTY.  79 

stitution  and  laws,  by  a  portion  of  the  people  organizing  themselves 
into  armed  bodies,  and  exercising  legislative,  judicial,  and  executive 
functions,  is  a  direct  repudiation  of  the  principles  upon  which  our 
government  is  founded,  and  can  but  tend  to  debase  us  in  the  estima- 
tion of  the  people  of  other  countries,  and  postpone  the  day  when  a 
republican  form  of  government  will  be  the  only  one  known  among 
civilized  nations. 

The  first  minority  resolution  was  indefinitely  postponed.  The 
second  and  third  resolutions  were  offered  by  P.  T.  Herbert  and  had 
reference  to  the  action  of  the  vigilance  committee  of  1856.  They 
gave  rise  to  an  exciting  and  stormy  debate,  when  finally  the  follow- 
ing was  adopted  as  a  substitute,  by  a  vote  of  181  to  104,  and  it  was 
incorporated  in  the  platform,  by  a  vote  of  242  to  51. 

15.  That  the  democracy  of  Oalit'ornia  will  ever  support  the  con- 
stitution and  laws  of  their  state,  and  of  the  United  States,  and  will 
ever  use  their  utmost  endeavors  to  preserve  as  sacred  and  inviolate 
that  priceless  legacy  of  our  fathers  contained  in  the  bill  of  rights  and 
the  writ  of  habeas  corpus. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  V.  E.  Geiger,  F. 
Forman,  H.  B.  Truett,  R.  C.  Page,  J.  P.  Hoge,  D.  W.  Gelwicks, 
W.  S.  Smith,  S.  H.  Chase,  W.  A.  January,  S.  S.  Lewis,  J.  Ander- 
son, T.  B.  Rearden,  E.  Steele,  H.  T.  Huggins,  J.  A.  Turner,  T.  A. 
Springer,  A.  R.  Maloney,  and  others. 

Early  in  1857,  the  idea  of  abandoning  the  organization  of  the 
American  party  was  earnestly  considered  by  prominent  members  of 
that  faction,  and  many  were  in  favor  of  disorganization.  On  March 
31st,  Henry  S.  Foote,  who  had  been  the  caucus  nominee  of  the  party 
for  United  States  senator  in  1856,  published  a  letter  addressed  to 
the  members  of  the  party  in  the  state,  in  which  he  gave  his  opinion 
touching  the  expediency  of  continuing  the  party  organization.  He 
said  that  he  had  no  desire  to  dictate  the  course  to  be  pursued  by  others, 
but  simply  desired  that  there  might  be  no  mistake  as  to  his  indi- 
vidual attitude  on  the  question;  that  the  party  was  originally 
organized  mainly  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  faithful  execution 
of  the  compromise  measures  of  1850,  of  suppressing  the  agitation  of 
the  slavery  question,  and  of  preserving  the  union  from  the  dangers 
which  seemed  to  menace  it  from  the  prevalence  of  feelings  of  fierce 
sectional  hostility  in  two  opposite  quarters  of  the  confederacy;  that 
the  party  in  California  had  been  at  all  times  wholly  untainted  either 


80         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

with  the  heresy  of  abolitionism  or  with  that  of  secession;  that 
universal  religious  toleration  had  been  with  them  a  cardinal  princi- 
ple, and  that  with  regard  to  the  naturalization  laws  they  had  con- 
tented themselves  with  simply  insisting  upon  their  judicious  re  vision; 
that  the  presidential  contest  had  passed,  and  a  new  and  bright  era 
had  dawned ;  and  that  there  was  much  promise  in  the  administra- 
tion of  President  Buchanan.  He  concluded  by  saying : 

Such  a  cabinet  as  Buchanan  has  formed,  and  such  political 
views  as  are  announced  in  the  inaugural,  should  command  universal 
conQdence,  and  give  most  gratifying  assurance  that  for  the  next 
four  years,  at  least,  the  republic  will  be  in  the  enjoyment  of  complete 
repose ;  that  its  great  domestic  interests  will  be  carefully  guarded 
and  assiduously  promoted,  and  the  honor  of  the  American  nation  be 
wisely  and  fearlessly  maintained  in  every  quarter  of  the  globe.  I 
have,  therefore,  no  hesitation  in  declaring  that  I  can  see  no  propriety 
in  attempting  to  keep  up  the  distinctive  organization  of  the  Ameri- 
can party,  either  in  California  or  elsewhere.  At  any  rate,  whatever 
may  be  the  action  of  others,  I  shall  myself  yield  to  Buchanan  and 
his  administration  as  hearty  and  true  a  support  as  it  would  have 
been  possible  for  me  to  accord  to  them  had  I  ever  so  actively  parti- 
cipated in  elevating  them  to  the  high  official  places  which  they 
hold. 

On  April  29th,  a  meeting  of  the  leading  members  of  the  party 
was  held  at  Sacramento  for  the  purpose  of  advising  upon  the  best 
course  to  be  pursued  as  to  the  future  position  of  the  party.  Among 
those  present  at  the  conference  were  Jesse  O.  Goodwin,  J.  G.  Mc- 
Callum,  W.  T.  Ferguson,  A.  J.  Stevenson,  James  T.  Farley,  D.  F. 
Douglass,  Jesse  D.  Oarr,  Frank  Hereford,  W.  0.  Wallace,  G.  W. 
Bowie,  and  John  0.  Barr.  It  was  unanimously  resolved  that  it 
would  be  useless  to  attempt  to  keep  up  a  distinctive  organization  on 
the  old  issues.  The  meeting  fully  endorsed  the  principles  laid  down 
in  Buchanan's  inaugural  address,  and  it  was  declared  that  they 
would  stand  upon  that  platform  so  long  as  those  principles  were 
maintained  by  the  president.  In  May,  the  county  councils  of  the 
party  were  held  and  in  several  of  them  resolutions  to  disband  were 
voted  down.  On  June  26th,  the  state  council  met  at  Sacramento. 
A  resolution  to  abandon  the  organization  was  defeated,  and  it  was 
determined  to  reorganize  the  party  in  the  state,  and  abolish  all  tests, 
obligations  of  secresy,  etc.  The  council  issued  an  address  calling 
a  state  convention  to  nominate  a  full  ticket  and  recommended  that 
an  energetic  campaign  be  made. 


CONVENTION  OF  AMERICAN  PARTY.  81 

The  American  state  convention  met  in  the  assembly  chamber,, 
Sacramento,  on  July  28th.  Dr.  Joseph  Powell  was  elected  tem- 
porary chairman,  and  on  permanent  organization,  0.  0.  Hall  was 
president,  and  J.  M.  Day,  F.  Knox,  T.  L.  Reed,  and  R.  S.  Mesick, 
vice-presidents.  In  the  evening,  an  interesting  debate  sprang  up  on 
the  proposition  to  adjourn  without  making  nominations.  The  dele- 
gates who  advocated  that  course  favored  the  election  of  Stanly,  but- 
the  convention  determined  to  present  a  straight  ticket  to  the  people.. 

On  the  29th,  the  following  nominations  were  made : 

George  W.  Bowie,  for  governor,  without  opposition;  James  H. 
Ralston  and  Bailey  Peyton  withdrawing. 

Dr.  J.  A.  Raymond,  for  lieutenant-governor,  without  opposition ; 
James  W.  Coffroth,  0.  0.  Hall,  and  Hiram  R.  Hawkins  with- 
drawing. 

Geo.  W.  Whitman,  for  controller,  without  opposition;  Wm.  H. 
Taylor,  F.  M.  Proctor,  D.  K.  Newell,  and  E.  F.  Burton  with- 
drawing. 

T.  B.  McFarland,  for  attorney -general,  without  opposition ;  John 
J.  Musser,  A.  P.  Catlin,  and  R.  M.  Briggs  withdrawing. 

Lucien  B.  Healey,  for  surveyor-general,  without  opposition;  J.  L. 
Brown  withdrawing. 

B.  H.  Monson,  for  printer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  N.  P.  Brown, 
H.  A.  Appleton,  and  H.  R.  Hawkins. 

J.  R.  Orandall,  for  treasurer  (long  and  short  terms),  on  the  first 
ballot,  over  Jas.  L.  English,  W.  K.  Lindsey,  W.  H.  Howard,  F.  M. 
Proctor,  and  J.  Powell. 

Jas.  H.  Ralston,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court  (long  and  short 
terms),  without  opposition;  H.  C.  Gardiner  withdrawing. 

The  following  resolutions,  reported  by  a  committee  consisting  of 
T.  B.  McFarland,  M.  M.  Noah,  J.  R.  Orandall,  R.  M.  Briggs,  K 
Tooker,  A.  P.  Oatlin,  and  others,  were  adopted : 

1.  That  we  cordially  endorse  the  platform  of  principles  adopted 
by  the  national  American  convention  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  on  the  4th 
day  of  June,  1857. 

2.  That  we  have  an  abiding  faith  in  the  truth  of  our  political 
creed,  and  that  we  will  struggle  in  the  future,  as  we  have  struggled 
in  the  past,  to  engraft  the  policy  of  our  party  upon  the  legislation 
of  the  country. 

3.  That  we  still  hold  to  the  fundamental  principle  of  our  party, 
that  "Americans  shall  rule  America,"  and  that  our  naturalization  , 


$2         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

laws  should  be  so  amended  as  to  insure,  on  the  part  of  the  applicant, 
a  just  appreciation  of  the  rights  and  duties  of  an  American  citizen. 

4.  That  the  American  party  is  in  no  way  responsible  for  the 
recent  intense  excitement  of  national  issues ;  and  that  a  restoration 
of   the  brotherly   feelings   that  should   actuate   one  great  national 
people,  can  only  be  accomplished  by  the  permanent  success  of  the 
national  American  party. 

5.  That  the  main  objects  of  the  American  party  being  to  promote 
American  interests,  and  to  cherish  American  nationality,  the  con- 
struction of  a  Pacific  railroad — thus  bringing  the  extreme  portions 
of  the  country  into  close  contact,  and  promoting  the  welfare  of  all — 
would  be  a  natural  and  certain  consequence  of  the  triumph  of  the 
American  party. 

6.  That  the  American  party  of  California  acknowledge  it  as  a 
duty  paramount  above  all  others  of  a  local  character  to  protect  set- 
tlers   upon   Spanish  grants  in  their  just  rights  'and  claims.      We 
believe  that  laws  designed  to  protect  the  bona  fide  settler  in  his 
improvements  are  not  only  absolutely  necessary  in  order  to  insure 
confidence  and  prosperity,  and  to  encourage  agriculture  and  trade, 
but  are  also  constitutional  and  just.     The  wants  of  the  people  require, 
and  equity  and  good  conscience  demand  such  laws,  and  while  the 
past  history  and  recent  actions  of  the  democratic  party  in  this  state 
exhibit  a  record  of  broken  faith,  we  refer  for  the  sincerity  of  our 
professions  to  our  past  efforts  in  this  behalf,  and  to  the  character  of 
the  men  whom  we  present  for  the  suffrages  of  the  people. 

7.  That  we  consider  it  our  duty  to  recommend  to  the  electors  of 
this  state  to  vote  in  favor  of  paying  the  state  debt;  that  while  we 
have  the  utmost  abhorrence  for  the  party  corruptions  which  saddled 
this  onerous  burden  upon  us,  we  yet  would  find  it  still  more  grievous 
to  bear  the  load  of  obloquy  and  shame  which  repudiation  of  the 
claims  of  innocent  creditors  would  earn  for  us  and  our  posterity. 

8.  That  the  democratic  party  of  California  is  responsible  for  the 
long  course  of  improvident  legislation  and  official  corruption  which 
has  finally  brought  the  state  to  the  verge  of  bankruptcy,  and  is  not 
fit  longer  to  be  in  power. 

9.  That  the  American  party  of  California,  during  its  partial  suc- 
cess in  1856,  did  more,  by  way  of  legislation,  for  the  protection  of 
the  state  from  corrupt  officials,  than  the  democratic  party  has  done 
during  all  the  years  of  its  misrule;  and  that  the  recent  discovery  of 
official  unworthiness  has  been  the  result  of  stringent  laws  passed  by 
an  American  legislature. 

10.  That  we  will  use  every  possible   effort  to  select  none  but 


SETTLERS'  AND  MINERS'  PARTY,  83 

honest  men  for  office,  and  the  fact  that  we  have,  in  some  instances, 
been  deceived,  will  only  make  us  the  more  vigilant  in  this  behalf 
hereafter. 

11.  That  while  the  salaries  and  fees  of  some  offices,  both  county 
and  state,  are  sufficiently  low,  yet  in  many  instances,  they  are  so 
extravagant  as  to  amount  to  a  heavy  burden  upon  the  people,  and  we 
pledge  the  influence  of  the  American  party  to  effect  still  further 
reductions  in  the  fees  of  office,  with  a  view  of  making  such  offices 
less  desirable  to  the  incumbents  thereof,  and  of  removing  motives 
for  corruption  in  obtaining  them. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  A.  P.  Catlin,  J. 
Powell,  W.  C.  Wallace,  B.  Peyton,  M.  M.  Noah,  D.  P.  Talmadge, 
D.  K.  Newell,  R.  S.  Mesick,  A.  McDonald,  E.  E.  Burton,  H.  R. 
Hawkins,  R.  M.  Briggs,  O.  C.  Hall,  A.  R.  Andrews,  and  others. 

Shortly  before  adjourning,  a  resolution  was  adopted  that  the 
organization  of  the  party  in  the  state,  thereafter,  be  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  state  committee ;  that  the  state  and  subordinate  councils 
should  be  abolished ;  that  no  obligation  of  secrecy  should  be  required 
of  the  members  of  the  party,  and  that  all  American  citizens  should 
be  eligible  to  membership. 

On  July  3d,  the  state  committee  of  the  settlers'  and  miners'  party 
met  at  Sacramento,  issued  an  address  calling  a  state  convention, 
and  recommended  the  nomination  of  a  ticket  from  the  candidates 
nominated  by  the  other  parties.  The  convention  met  in  the  assembly 
chamber,  Sacramento,  on  August  4th,  and  about  40  delegates  were 
present.  The  convention  was  called  to  order  by  Dr.  A.  B.  Nixon, 
and  I.  W.  Underwood  was  elected  president.  Delegates  were  pre- 
sent from  the  counties  of  San  Francisco,  Solano,  Sacramento,  Ala- 
meda,  Yolo,  Butte,  Yuba,  and  Sutter. 

The  following  ticket  was  made  up : 

For  governor,  Edward  Stanly;  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  N. 
Bennett;  lieutenant-gc-vernor,  Joseph  Walkup;  controller,  J.  W. 
Mandeville;  treasurer,  Thos.  Findley;  attorney -general,  A.  A.  Sar- 
gent; surveyor-general,  P.  M.  Randall;  printer,  J.  O'Meara. 

A  lengthy  set  of  resolutions  was  adopted. 

The  sessions  of  the  convention  were  stormy.  At  an  early  stage 
in  the  proceedings,  a  resolution  was  adopted  to  exclude  the  full  vote 
of  such  counties  as  were  but  partially  represented,  and  as  San  Fran- 
cisco and  Sacramento  counties  constituted  the  mass  of  the  conven- 


84         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

tion,  and  acted  in  concert,  they  controlled  the  deliberations  of  the 
body.  At  the  close  of  the  first  day,  most  of  the  delegates  from  with- 
out those  counties  withdrew  in  a  body. 

The  democratic  and  republican  conventions  neglected  to  nominate 
candidates  for  the  offices  of  justice  of  the  supreme  court  and 
treasurer  for  the  short  terms  which  were  then  filled  by  Burnett  and 
English,  respectively,  and  to  avoid  difficulty,  the  democratic  state 
committee  nominated  those  two  gentlemen  to  fill  the  offices  until 
the  time  when  their  successors  would  take  office.  News  reached 
California,  on  August  17th,  of  the  appointment  of  Mandeville,  the 
democratic  candidate  for  controller,  to  the  office  of  United  States 
surveyor-general  for  California,  but  he  was  not  officially  notified  of 
his  selection  to  that  place  until  a  few  days  before  the  election — too 
short  a  time  to  substitute  another  nominee  on  the  state  ticket. 

The  election  was  held  on  September  2d,  and  the  official  canvass 
developed  the  followina2result :  #M° 

For  Governor— Weller,  53,122;  Stanty,  21,040;  Bowie,   19,48L 

Lieutenant-G  over  nor — Walkup,  57,336  ;  Cheesman,  16,800  ;  Ray- 
mond, 19,718. 

Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  (long  term) — Field,  55,216;  Ben- 
nett, 18,944;  Ralston,  19,068. 

Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  (short  term) — Burnett,  54,991 ; 
Bennett,  10,550;  Ralston,  7,710. 

Controller— Mandeville,  57,048 ;  .Gumi,  16,398;  Whitman,  19,- 
842. 

Treasurer  (long  term)— Findley,  57,641  ;  Stanford,  16,529  ;  Cran- 
dall,  19,348. 

Treasurer  (short  term)—  English,  55,236;  Stanford,  4,390  ;  Cran- 
dall,  7,271. 

Surveyor-General — Higley,  55,858;  Randall,  18,205;  Healey, 
19,703. 

Attorney-General— Williams,  55,561;  Sargent,  18,418;  McFar- 
land,  19,701. 

Printer— O'Meara,  57,274;  Murdock,  16,365;  Monson,  19,797. 

Pay  the  state  debt— Yes,  57,661  ;  No,  16,970, 

Constitutional  Convention — For,  30,226;  against,  17,680. 

The  entire  democratic  ticket  was  consequently  elected,  and  the 
people  ratified  the  act  to  provide  for  the  payment  of  the  state 
indebtedness.  On  December  2d,  a  writ  of  injunction  was  sued  out 
from  the  sixth  district  court,  at  the  instance  of  Thos.  S.  Fiske,  and 


DIVISION  OF  THE  DEMOCRATIC  PARTY.  85 

served  on  the  governor,  controller,  and  treasurer,  restraining  them 
from  issuing  the  bonds  provided  for  in  the  act.  The  case  was  an 
agreed  one,  and  was  designed  to  test  the  constitutionality  of  the 
proceeding.  It  was  carried  to  the  supreme  court,  and  on  January 
4th,  1858,  that  tribunal  rendered  an  opinion  declaring  that  the  law 
and  the  action  of  the  people  upon  it  were  constitutional.  The  propo- 
sition to  call  a  constitutional  convention  was  lost,  not  having 
received  a  majority  of  all  the  votes  which  had  been  cast  at  the  elec- 
tion. 


CHAPTER  X. 

18S8.  Division  of  the  Democratic  Party — Convention  of  the  Lecomp- 
ton  Wing  of  the  Party — Convention  of  the  Anti-Lecompton  Wing — 
Republican  Convention. 

Kansas  had  been  erected  into  a  territory  by  act  of  congress,  of 
May,  1854,  by  the  terms  of  which  the  question  of  slavery  was  to  be 
determined  by  the  vote  of  her  citizens.  Shortly  afterward,  an  exten- 
sive immigration  flowed  into  the  new  territory  from  both  the  free 
and  the  slave  states,  and  election  disturbances  ensued,  which  were 
finally  quelled  by  the  United  States  militia.  Two  legislatures  were 
chosen — one  composed  of  free-states  men,  and  the  other  of  pro- 
slavery  men.  The  free-state  legislature  met  on  January  6th,  1857, 
but  was  dispersed  by  the  United  States  marshal.  Soon  afterward, 
the  pro-slavery  legislature  convened  and  provided  for  a  constitu- 
tional convention,  which  met  at  Lecompton,  in  September,  and 
framed  a  pro-slavery  constitution.  The  election  for  delegates  to 
this  convention  was  held  June  15th,  but  the  free-states  men  did  not 
participate,  as  they  claimed  that  the  legislature  which  made  the  call 
was  an  illegal  body.  The  convention  provided  for  the  submission 
of  the  direct  slavery  clause  separately  to  the  people,  but  no  votes 
were  to  be  counted  unless  they  read  "for  the  constitution  with 
slavery"  or  "for  the  constitution  without  slavery,"  and  of  course  it 
could  not  well  happen  that  the  constitution  would  be  defeated. 

The  election  was  held  on  December  21st,  and  with  the  coloniza- 
tion of  pro-slavery  men  from  Missouri  and  the  refusal  of  the  anti- 
slavery  men  to  vote,  the  constitution  "  with  slavery  "  was  carried  by 
a  vote  of  6,266  to  567.  Meanwhile,  in  October,  an  election  had  been 
held  for  members  of  a  territorial  legislature,  under  a  law  enacted  by  the 


86         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

pro-slavery  legislature;  and  at  this  election  most  of  the  free-states 
men,  trusting  to  the  assurances  of  the  territorial  governor,  had  voted. 
Over  11,000  votes  were  polled,  of  which  1,600  were  taken  at  a  little 
precinct  known  as  Oxford,  on  the  Missouri  border,  where  there 
were  but- forty-three  voters;  and  1,200  were  returned  from  McGee 
county,  where  no  poll  had  been  opened.  But,  notwithstanding  these 
enormous  frauds,  the  free  state  preponderance  was  so  decided  that 
it  carried  the  legislature.  An  act  was  passed  by  this  legislature  to 
submit  the  Lecompton  constitution  to  a  vote  of  the  people  on  Janu- 
ary 4th,  and  at  the  election  then  held,  in  which  the  pro-slavery  men 
declined  to  participate,  the  full  poll  returned  was — for  the  Lecom- 
ton  constitution,  with  slavery,  138;  without  slavery,  24;  against 
the  constitution,  10,226. 

President  Buchanan,  in  his  annual  and  also  in  a  special  message 
of  February  2d,  urged  congress  to  accept  and  ratify  the  Lecompton 
constitution  (which  meant  to  make  Kansas  a  slave  state),  but  Sena- 
tor Stephen  A.  Douglas  took  strong  ground  against  it.  The  senate, 
on  March  23d,  passed  a  bill  accepting  this  constitution,  by  a  vote  of 
32  to  25;  but  the  house,  on  April  1st,  adopted  a  substitute  requiring 
a  resubmission  of  the  constitution  to  the  people  of  Kansas,  by  a  vote 
of  120  to  112.  This  amendment  was  rejected  by  the  senate,  but  a 
bill  was  finally  passed  by  both  houses,  on  the  30th,  which  indirectly 
allowed  the  people  of  the  territory  to  again  vote  upon  the  instru- 
ment. Under  this  bill,  on  August  3d,  the  people  rejected  the 
Lecompton  constitution  by  an  overwhelming  majority.  Senator 
Broderick  and  Congressman  McKibben  sustained  the  course  of 
Douglas  in  his  opposition  to  the  Kansas  policy  of  the  president; 
Senator  Gwin  and  Congressman  Scott  sided  with  the  administration. 

On  May  10th,  the  democratic  state  committee  met  at  Sacramento 
and  called  a  state  convention  to  consist  of  324  delegates  to  meet  at 
that  place  on  August  4th.  It  soon  became  evident  that  a  serious 
division  was  growing  in  the  party  on  the  Kansas  question,  and  the 
bitterness  of  feeling  that  was  evinced  augured  a  wider  difference 
than  had  ever  before  existed  in  the  party.  The  commencement  of 
the  storm  was  not  until  June  23d,  when  the  democratic  convention 
of  Del  Norte  county  adopted  the  following  resolutions: 

1.  That  the  democracy  of  Del  Norte  county,  through  their  dele- 
gates in  convention  assembled,  cordially  and  entirely  approve  and 
endorse  the  administration  of  President  Buchanan. 

2.  That  David  C.  Broderick,  by  his  opposition  to  the  administra- 


DIVISION  OF  THE  DEMOCRATIC  PARTY.  87 

tion,  manifested  as  well  in  his  degrading  and  disreputable  language 
in  relation  to  it,  as  by  his  votes ;  by  his  treachery  to  the  party 
which  elected  him,  his  refusal  to  obey  instructions,  and  by  his  league 
with  the  republicans,  has  placed  himself  beyond  the  pale  of  the 
democratic  party,  and  should  only  receive  at  its  hands  the  scorn  and 
contempt  which  he  so  justly  merits. 

Soon  after,  conventions  were  held  in  other  counties,  and  in  most 
cases,  they  divided,  and  two  sets  of  delegates  were  elected  to  the 
state  convention — one  representing  the  Lecompton  and  the  other  the 
anti-Lecompton  sentiment. 

Early  in  July,  the  Sacramento  Mercury  said,  in  commenting  upon 
the  action  of  the  various  county  conventions : 

For  our  part,  we  should  not  consider  ourselves  any  more  bound 
by  the  action  of  a  convention,  composed  of  Broderick  (anti-Lecom- 
ton)  men,  than  we  would  by  a  convention  of  republicans;  and  now, 
at  the  risk  of  being  called  "bolter,"  we  have  no  hesitation  in  pro- 
claiming here,  in  advance  of  the  state  convention,  that  if  it  should 
be  a  Broderick  one,  of  which,  however,  we  have  no  fears,  that  we 
will  not  support  its  nominees.  *  *  *  We  had  rather  be  beaten 
with  a  good  set  of  true  democrats,  than  to  succeed  with  a  set  of  men 
who  are  democrats  in  nothing  but  the  name.  *  *  *  LettheStanly  \ 
and  Broderick  men  go  over  to  the  black  republicans,  where  they  \ 
properly  belong ;  let  us  cleanse  our  party  of  this  rubbish  ;  let  us 
wipe  off  this  incubus  that  has  been  festering  and  eating  out  the  very 
life  and  substance  of  our  party  in  this  state  since  its  first  organiza- 
tion, now  while  we  have  the  opportunity,  and  our  word  for  it,  we 
shall  never  regret  it. 

The  Sacramento  Union,  of  July  10th,  said  : 

We  have  expressed  the  opinion  that  if  the  Douglas  popular 
sovereignty  democrats  succeeded  in  electing  a  majority  of  the  dele- 
gates to  the  state  convention,  the  Buchanan  Lecompton  wing  would 
*  *  *  withdraw  from  the  convention,  and  organize  one  of  their 
own.  *..*/*  An  effort  is  made  to  avow  a  distinction  between  V 
Broderick  and  Douglas,  but  the  object  is  too  transparent.  *  *  * 
The  Buchanan  leaders  are  determined  to  rule  the  convention  or 
divide  it ;  that  the  Kansas  policy  of  the  administration  shall  be  sus- 
tained, or  there  shall  be  two  democratic  parties.  It  may  be  added 
that  they  declare  they  will  not  admit  the  possibility  of  a  man's 
being  a  democrat  who  does  not  sustain  the  policy  of  the  administra- 
tion. *  *  *  We  may  conclude  that  if  the  Buchanan  men  elect 


88         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

a  majority  of  the  convention,  they  will  force  the  Douglas  democrats 
to  endorse  the  administration  in  full,  or  withdraw  from  that  body. 

The  same  paper  said,  on  the  28th  : 

Accounts  come  from  all  sides  of  a  breaking  up  of  the  democratic 
party,  and  that  two  sets  of  delegates  are  likely  to  be  elected  from 
most  of  the  counties,  and  two  tickets  run  for  the  county  officers  and 
legislature  on  that  side.  The  bonds  of  party  were  never  so 
much  set  at  defiance  in  California  before,  and  we  predict  a  political 
improvement  in  the  future  in  consequence.  One  great  reason  why 
there  is  so  much  splitting  among  the  democracy  is,  that  the  state 
election  this  year  is  not  important,  as  there  are  no  political  offices  of 
consequence  to  fill;  hence,  the  pressure  is  not  sufficient  to  keep  the 
elements  of  the  party  together.  It  is  by  no  means  a  clear  question 
which  of  the  contending  divisions  of  the  great  democratic  party  is 
to  gain  the  ascendency. 

The  division  had  increased  to  such  an  extent  that  by  the  time 
appointed  for  the  meeting  of  the  state  convention  there  was  no 
thought  of  a  joint  session,  and  each  wing  selected  its  own  time  and 
place  for  meeting. 

The  administration  state  convention  met  in  the  Congregational 
church,  Sacramento,  on  August  4th,  and  was  called  to  order  by 
V.  E.  Geiger,  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  Chas.  R.  Street 
was  selected  temporary  chairman,  and  after  some  dispute  in  relation 
to  the  membership  of  certain  delegates,  a  permanent  organization 
was  effected  by  the  election  of  James  H.  Hardy,  as  president ;  and 
and  H.  P.  Haun,  A.  T.  Laird,  C.  Kerrins,  A.  French,  B.  M.  Henry, 
G.  R.  Ayers,  James  Osborne,  W.  T.  Gough,  J.  B.  Carr,  T.  Foley, 
George  Coulter,  W.  0.  Stratton,  B.  F.  Mauldin,  J.  C.  Hinkson,  and 
A.  Magee,  as  vice-presidents.  A  committee  on  resolutions  was 
appointed,  consisting  of  W.  H.  Glascock,  A.  C.  Adams,  D.  W.  Gel- 
wicks,  G.  W.  Hook,  J.  G.  Downey,  A.  Deering,  Henry  Meredith, 
V.  E.  Geiger,  E.  Casserly,  J.  P.  Hoge,  Rasey  Biven,  C.  T.  Ryland, 
0.  R.  Street,  J.  R  Kittrell,  Z.  Montgomery,  H.  P.  Barber,  Chas . 
Lindley,  and  others. 

On  the  5th,  the  following  resolutions  were  reported  by  the  com- 
mittee : 

1.  That  the  democracy  of  California  maintain,  with  unfaltering 
faith,  their  attachment  to  the  wise,  just  and  liberal  principles  an- 
nounced in  the  Cincinnati  platform ;  and,  among  others,  they  most 


LECOMPTON  CONVENTION.  89 

cordially  appro ve  and  will  most  faithfully  sustain  the  doctrine  of 
popular  sovereignty  and  its  inseparable  guarantee,  non-intervention 
of  the  federal  government  with  the  domestic  institutions  of  a  state 
or  territory. 

2.  That  the  act  of  congress  known  as  the  "English  compromise 
bill,"  having  referred  the  whole  subject  of  the  admission  of  Kansas 
to  the  decision  of   the  people   thereof,  we   do,   without   regard  to 
former  differences  of  opinion,  accept  and  abide  by  that  reference, 
and  cannot  but  deem  any  attempt  to  revive  the  agitation  of  that 
subject  in  national  politics  as  a  violation  of  the  spirit  and  intent  of 
the  Kansas-Nebraska  law,  and  dangerous  to  the  peace  and  integrity 
of  the  union. 

3.  That  we  have  undirainished  confidence  in  the  wisdom,  patriot- 
ism and  democracy  of  the  chief  magistrate  of  the  United  States,  and 
pledge  to  him  and  his  administration  the  earnest  support  of  the 
people  of  California  in  maintaining  the  honor  and  integrity  of  the 
union,  both  at  home  and  abroad. 

4.  That  we  deem   the  passage  of  the  Pacific  railroad  bill  as  of 
vital  importance,  not  only  to  the  interests  of  California,  but  to  those 
of  the  union  at  large ;  and  that  whilst  we  deeply  regret  the  post- 
ponement of  that  measure,  and  the  unfortunate  causes  which  led  to 
it,  we  congratulate  our  people  upon  the  establishment  of  a  complete 
system  of  overland  mail  lines  upon  all  the  main  northern,  central 
and  southern  routes  to  the  Pacific  coast. 

5.  That  American  ships  at  sea  under  the  American  flag,  in  time 
of  peace,  are  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  and  to 
that  of  no  other  power  on  earth,  whether  for  search,  visitation  or 
any  other  purpose  whatever;  and   we  rejoice  in  the  promptitude, 
energy  and  success  with  which  this  great  principle  has  just  been 
maintained  by  a  democratic  administration. 

6.  That  the  present  democratic  administration  of   this  state  is 
entitled  to  and  receives  our  cordial  approval. 

7.  That  we  cordially  invite  the  co-operation  of  all  national  men, 
without  regard  to  former  political  associations,  to  unite  with  us  in 
the  present  and  prospective  struggles  against  sectionalism  and  its 
attendant  evils. 

Immediately  when  he  had  concluded  the  reading  of  the  resolu- 
tions, Hoge  moved  their  adoption,  and  also  for  the  previous  question 
on  his  first  motion.  The  previous  question  was  ordered  by  a  vote  of 
117  to  49  ;  and  the  resolutions  were  adopted  as  reported  by  a  vote 
of  287  to  2.  Montgomery  then  offered  the  following  additional 
resolutions  : 


90         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

8.  That  we  recognize  the  right  of  the  people  of  each  state  and 
territory,  when  so  desired  by  them,  to  vote  upon  the  adoption  or 
rejection  of  their  fundamental  law;  but  we  hold  that  it  belongs  not 
to  the  congress  of  the  United  States,  but  to  the  people  themselves, 
speaking  through  their  own  representatives,  to  say  whether  they  do 
or  do  not  desire  to  exercise  such  right. 

9.  That,  in  the  opinion  of  this  convention,  the  formation  of  and 
adherence  to  the  so-called  Topeka  constitution  by  the  abolition  party 
of  Kansas  was,  in  the  language  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  "an  act  of 
rebellion,  which  ought  to  have  been  put  down  by  force." 

10.  That  it  is  the  will  of  those  who  adhere  to  the  government, 
and  not  the  will  of  those  who  array  themselves  in  rebellion  against 
the  government,  that  should   be  looked  to  and  carried  out,  both  in 
the  formation  of  state  constitutions  and  the  admission  of  states  into 
the  union. 

After  a  lengthy  discussion  the  convention  refused  to  consider  the 
resolutions,  by  a  vote  of  122  to  178  ;  but  afterward,  just  before  the 
adjournment,  they  were  taken  up  and  adopted,  by  a  vote  of  202  to 
65,  and  made  a  portion  of  the  platform.  The  following  nominations 
were  then  made  : 

Joseph  G.  Baldwin,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  without  oppo- 
sition :  John  M.  Howell,  S.  K.  J.  Handy,  Henry  P.  Barber,  P.  H. 
Burnett  and  W.  T.  Barbour  withdrawing. 

A.  R.  Meloney,  for  controller,  without  opposition ;  S.  H.  Brooks 
and  S.  C.  Tompkins  withdrawing. 

A  resolution  was  introduced  to  proceed  to  make  nominations  for 
congressmen,  but  it  was  withdrawn  after  a  debate.  A  state  committee 
was  chosen,  composed  of  J.  R.  Hardenbergh,  W.  S.  Long,  E.  Aubrey, 
V.  E.  Geiger,  J.  P.  Hoge,  M.  D.  Sweeney,  R.  0.  Page,  H.  0.  Pat- 
rick, W.  J.  Hooten,  C.  R.  Street,  L.  Magruder,  N.  E.  Whitesicle,  D. 
T.  Loufbourough,  A.  Peering,  J.  G.  Doll,  C.  J.  Lansing,  J.  N.  Doak, 
H.  P.  Barber,  W.  0.  Stratton,  and  others. 

The  anti-Lecompton  (Douglas)  state  convention  also  met  on  A  ugust 
4th,  in  the  Baptist  church,  Sacramento.  J.  A.  Turner,  a  member 
of  the  state  committee,  called  it  to  order,  and  Wm.  I.  Ferguson  was 
elected  temporary  chairman.  A  committee  on  resolutions  was 
appointed,  consisting  of  J.  W.  McCorkle,  C.  H.  Bryan,  H.  Griffith, 
J.  Powell,  B.  S.  Lippincott,  John  Conness,  and  others.  On  the  5th, 
a  permanent  organization  was  effected  by  electing  H.  Griffith,  presi- 
dent; and  G.  W.  Colby,  E.  McGarry,  R.  Irwin,  W.  N.  Anderson, 


ANTI-LECOMPTON  CONVENTION.  91' 

Robert  Bell,  Chas.  Kent,  H.  Fitzsimmons,  J.  Allen,  0.  F.  Lott,  and 
J.  0.  Davis,  vice-presidents. 

The  following  resolutions,  reported  by  the  committee,  were  unani- 
mously adopted  : 

1.  That   all  just  powers  of  government  are  derived   from   the 
people;   that  this   principle    is  recognized   as  fundamental  by   all 
American  constitutions,  and  by  the  democratic  party. 

2.  That  the  right  of  the  people  to  form  and  regulate  their  politi- 
cal institutions  in  their  own  way,  subject  only  to  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States,  as  guaranteed  to  Kansas  and  Nebraska  by  their 
organic  law,  belongs  alike  to  the  people  of  all  other  territories  of  the 
United  States. 

3.  That  while  we  adhere  to  the  fundamental  democratic  princi- 
ples embraced  in  the  Cincinnati  platform   of    1856,  we  especially 
renew  and  reaffirm  that  principle  contained  in  the  resolution  known 
as  "  the  popular  sovereignty  resolution,"  declaring  the  true  intent 
and  meaning  of  that  resolution  to  be,  that  the  people  of  a  state  or 
territory  are  invested  with  the  right  of  ratifying  or  rejecting,  at  the 
ballot-box,  any  constitution  that  may  be  framed  for  their  govern- 
ment ;  and  all  attempts  by  the  administration  and  congress  to  coerce 
and  bribe  the  people  into  the  adoption  of  a  particular  constitution, 
not  thus  ratified  by  them,  are  subversive  of  the  principles  of  pure 
democracy,  and  destructive  of  the  equality  of  the  states  under  the 
constitution. 

4.  That  the  recent  attempts  of  the  executive  and  congress  to  force 
upon  the  people  of  Kansas  a  constitution  which  they  have  rejected  at 
a  legal  election,  are  in  violation  of  the  principles  of  the  party  which 
placed  them  in  power,  derogatory  to  the  positions  they  occupy,  and 
destructive  of  our  form  of  government. 

5.  That  we  regard  with  detestation  the  passage  by  congress,  at  its 
last  session,  of  the  bill  known  as  the  "  English  bill,"  and  look  upon 
it  as  an  attempt  to  bribe  a  free  people  into  the  indorsement  of  an 
odious   constitution;  as  calculated  to  create  sectional  feelings  and 
cause  sectional  jealousies;  as  a  violation  of  the  federal  compact,  a 
breach  of  the  compromises  of  the  constitution,  and  a  blow  at  the 
equality  of  the  states,  in  that  it  proposes  to  make  large  donations  of 
land,  and  admit  Kansas  into  the  union  as  a  state  without  reference 
to  her  population,  if  she  adopts  the  Lecompton  constitution,  which 
establishes  slavery,  while  it  refuses  her  people  admission  until  they 
obtain  a  population  of  90,000  or  120,000,  if  they  prefer  any  other 
than  the  Lecompton  constitution. 

6.  That  we  heartily  endorse  the  action  of  those  members  of  con- 


92         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

gress  who  sustained  the  "  Crittenden-Montgomery  bill,"  and    who 
opposed  the  English  bill,  at  the  last  session  of  that  body. 

7.  That  it  is  the  right  of  the  people  of  the  states  to  regulate,  in 
their  own  way,  their  political  affairs ;  that  federal  office  holders  are 
servants  of  the  people,  and  the  constant  interference  by  those  ser- 
vants with  the  primary  affairs  of  party,  whether  by  menaces  of  dis- 
missal from  office,  by  forced  levies,  or  by  the  distribution  of  promises 
and  moneys  at  the  polls  and  elsewhere,  is  incompatible  with  the 
spirit  of  our  constitutions,  state  and  federal,  subversive  of  popular 
liberty,  and  calculated  to  destroy  the  sovereignty  of  the  states  and 
centralize  power  at  the  federal  capital. 

8.  That  the  immediate   action  of  congress  in  securing  the  con- 
struction of  a  railroad  to  the  Pacific  is  a  recognized  feature  in  our 
party  policy;  indispensible  to  our  safety  in  war  and  prosperity  in 
peace,  and  we  call  upon  the  administration  to  redeem  its  pledges, 
and  devote  its  energies  to  the  consummation  of  this  great  work. 

9.  That  we  regard  with  favor  the  bill  before  congress,  at  its  past 
session,  known  as  the  "homestead  bill,"  which  proposes  to  donate  to 
each  actual  settler  upon  the  public  lands  of  the  United  States  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres,  and  earnestly  recommend  the  passage  of 
the  same. 

10  That,  relying  implicitly  upon  the  soundness  and  integrity  of 
the  principles  above  set  forth,  and  upon  the  justice  and  intelligence 
of  the  masses,  we  present  this  platform  to  the  people  of  the  state, 
and  earnestly  invoke  the  active  support  of  all  in  its  vindication  and 
success,  cordially  inviting  to  a  full  and  equal  communion  all  those 
of  whatever  creed  who  recognize  the  justice  of  our  cause  in  the  doc- 
trines we  profess,  and  who  desire  to  participate  in  their  triumph. 

The  following  nominations  were  then  made  : 

John  Currey,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  H.  O.  Beatty. 

Isaac  N".  Dawley,  for  controller,  without  opposition;  Thomas 
O'Brien  withdrawing. 

H.  U.  Jennings,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  without  opposi- 
tion ;  Moses  E.  Flannagan  withdrawing. 

Joseph  C.  McKibben  and  Wm.  L.  Dudley,  for  congressmen,  with- 
out opposition. 

A  state  committee  was  chosen,  consisting  of  B.  B.  Redding,  W.  S 
Manlove,  G.  W.  Colby,  J.  F.  Morse,  Josiah  Johnson,  E.  McGarry, 
Edmund  Randolph,  H.  Wohler,  W.  J.  Knox,  Geo.  Pearce,  C.  F.  Lott, 
Wm.  Higby,  Thos.  Eager,  and  others. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  93 

The  republican  convention  met  in  the  theater  at  Sacramento  on 
August  5th,  and  was  called  to  order  by  F.  P.  Tracy,  chairman 
of  the  state  committee.  M.  Frink,  Jr.,  was  temporary  chairman; 
and  on  permanent  organization  S.  B.  Bell  was  president,  and  S.  H. 
Parker,  L.  Stanford,  J.  McKinstry  Smith  and  E.  Harkness,  vice- 
presidents.  A  committee  was  appointed  on  order  of  business,  and 
when  it  met  it  was  found  that  its  members  were  divided  as  to  the 
policy  of  making  nominations — standing  5  in  favor  to  3  against. 
When  the  report  was  presented  by  the  majority,  A.  A.  Sargent 
moved  to  strike  out  the  portion  relative  to  making  nominations. 
After  a  lengthy  discussion  the  report  was  adopted,  and  the  conven- 
tion determined  to  make  nominations.  A  committee  on  resolutions 
was  appointed,  consisting  of  E.  D.  Baker,  T.  W.  Park,  E.  B. 
Crocker,  J.  E.  Benton,  A.  A.  Sargent,  F.  P.  Tracy,  A.  H.  Myers, 
0.  A.  Tuttle  and  D.  W.  Cheesrnan.  On  the  6th,  the  following  reso- 
lutions, reported  by  the  committee,  were  unanimously  adopted : 

1.  That  we  hereby  again  declare  our  adherence  to  the  resolutions 
adopted  by  the  national  republican  convention  held  at  Philadelphia 
in  1856. 

2.  That  we  do  now,  and  always  have  maintained   the  doctrine  of 
popular  sovereignty,  when  interpreted  to  mean  the  people  of  a  terri- 
tory in  forming  a  state  government  had  a  right  to  regulate  their 
political  institutions  in  their  own  way,  and  to  vote  for  or  against 
any  proposed  constitution. 

3.  That  this  sacred  principle,  dear  to  freemen  and   formidable 
only  to  despotism,  has  been  most  ruthlessly  violated  by  the  present 
democratic  administration  in  its  course  upon  the  Kansas  question. 

4.  That  the  "English  bill,"  pressed  through  congress  by  the  ad- 
ministration party,  is  a  flagrant  violation  of  the  great  principle  of 
popular  sovereignty,  a  bold  attempt  upon  the  freedom  of  the  ballot- 
box,  and  a  most  insulting  sectional  discrimination  in  favor  of  slavery 
in  Kansas. 

5.  (Same  as  the  sixth  resolution  of  the  democratic  [anti-Lecomp- 
ton]  convention  of  August  4,  1858.) 

6.  That  the  speedy  construction  of  a  national  railroad,  by  the 
most  central  and  eligible  route,  connecting  the  Atlantic  states  with 
California,   is  demanded  by   the   military,   postal   and  commercial 
necessities  of  the  republic ;  and  we  recognize  the  power  of  congress, 
under  the  constitution,  to  appropriate  money  as  well  as  land  to  aid 
in  building  this  great   work.     That  the  people  of  California  will 


•94         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

never  consent  to  the  termination  of  such  road  at  Guayrnas,  or  at 
any  other  point  on  the  Gulf  of  California. 

7.  That  the  course  of  the  administration,  in  relation  to  the  Pacific 
railroad  and  other  modes  of  communication   between  the  Atlantic 
and  Pacific   states,  conclusively  demonstrates   the  insincerity  of  the 
administration  party,  and  the  existence  of  a  bitter  hostility  to  the 
interests  and  welfare  of  California  among  its  leaders. 

The  following  nominations  were  made : 

John  Currey,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  ballot, 
by  a  vote  of  171,  to  62  for  O.  L.  Shafter.  Currey  had  already  been 
nominated  for  the  office  by  the  democratic  (anti-Lecompton)  conven- 
tion, and  Shafter  was  the  candidate  of  the  straight  republicans. 

L.  C.  Gunn,  for  controller,  without  opposition ;  L.  Stanford  and 
G.  W.  Baldwin  withdrawing. 

The  following  additional  resolutions  were  introduced  and  adopted  : 

8.  That  the  conduct  of  the  Hon.  D.  0.  Broderick,  senator  in  con- 
gress from  California,  during  the  late  session  of  congress  is  worthy 
of  approval,  and  evinces  a  regard  for  the  interests  of  free  labor  and 
free  men  equally  becoming  the  state  which  he  represents  and  the 
station  he  occupies. 

9.  That  the  course  of  the  Hon.  J.  C.  McKibben  during  the  late 
session  of  congress  has  been  manly,  courageous  and  just,  and  that  he 
deserves  the  highest  praise  for  his  opposition  to  the  administration 
in  its  attempts  to  destroy  the  purity  of  elections  and  defeat  popular 
rights. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  instructing  the  state  committee  to 
place  on  the  ticket  the  names  of  F.  P.  Tracy  and  J.  C.  McKibben  as 
candidates  for  congressmen  in  case  a  majority  of  the  committee 
should  deem  it  advisable  to  run  candidates  for  those  offices ;  and  on 
August  9th  the  announcement  was  formally  made  by  the  committee 
that  those  gentlemen  had  been  nominated.  No  nomination  was 
made  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court.  A  state  committee  was  se- 
lected, consisting  of  F.  B.  Higgins,  E.  B.  Crocker,  A.  A.  Sargent, 
J.  T.  McLean,  C.  Cole,  Mark  Hopkins,  P.  H.  Sibley,  S.  H.  Parker, 
S.  W.  Holladay,  E.  L.  Sullivan,  L.  R.  Lull,  F.  P.  Tracy,  R.  Math- 
eson,  Samuel  Bell,  D.  W.  Cheesman,  G.  M.  Hanson,  and  others. 

In  view  of  the  action  of  the  legislature  in  changing  the  time  for 
electing  members  of  congress  and  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  Gov- 
ernor Weller  did  not  include  in  his  election  proclamation  the  selec- 
tion of  persons  to  fill  those  offices,  and  it  was  generally  understood 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  95 

that  the  votes  that  might  be  cast  for  candidates  to  fill  those  posi- 
tions would  not  be  considered  in  the  count.  The  election  was  held  on 
September  1st;  and  it  was  developed  by  the  official  canvass  that 
for  justice  of  the  supreme  court  Baldwin  had  received  44^599  votes 
and  Currey  3|L19&_for  controller,  Meloney  44,285,  Dawley,  27,f%9, 
and  Gunn,  7,481  ;  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  Jennings  27,221  ; 
and  for  congressmen,  McKibtfen  31,833,  Dudley  f2,910,  Tracy  9,293. 
The  votes  that  were  cast  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court  and  con- 
gressmen were  not  considered.  The  Douglas  democrats  and  the 
republicans  had  confidently  expected  ^the  election  of  Currey,  but  in 
the  remote  counties  the  anti-Lecompton  party  had  not  organized, 
and  in  a  number  of  the  counties  no  ticket  of  that  party  was  in 
the  field.  The  influence  of  the  federal  and  state  officers  was  used  in 
favor  of  the  Lecompton  ticket.  Very  curiously,  in  Butte  county  a 
fusion  was  made  between  the  administration  democrats  and  the 
republicans,  and  the  former  actually  voted  for  the  republican  candi- 
dates for  the  legislature.  Another  curiosity  developed  in  the  returns 
from  Santa  Barbara  county,  where  it  appeared  that  Baldwin  had 
313  votes,  Currey  6,  McKibben  287  and  Tracy  286 

On  September  6th,  the  Sacramento  Union  said,  in  referring  to  the 
result : 

Had  the  anti-Lecomptons  organized  a  month  earlier,  they  would, 
judging  from  the  result,  have  carried  the  state.  They  contested  the 
election  without  having  an  organization  in  a  goodly  number  of  coun- 
ties. The  leading  Douglas  men  were  timid  ;  they  hesitated  about 
acting  until  it  was  too  late  to  secure  a  thorough  organization. 
Ground  was  thus  lost  which  they  could  not  recover.  *  *  * 
Had  the  naked  question  of  Lecompton  been  presented,  without  the 
English  bill,  we  believe  it  would  have  been  voted  down  by  an  over- 
whelming majority.  But  the  English  bill,  as  President  Buchanan 
hoped,  assisted  to  save  the  democratic  party  in  one  of  the  free  states. 
In  fact,  the  question  has  not  been  fairly  met  by  the  administration 
advocates.  They  have  insisted  that  the  question  was  settled ;  that 
Douglas  had  so  declared,  and  that  there  ought  not  to  be  any  issue 
upon  Kansas,  among  democrats.  In  some  portions  of  the  state,  the 
administration  democrats  were  as  strong  Douglas-popular-sovereignty 
democrats  as  their  opponents.  In  this  way,  the  real  issue  was  evaded. 


96         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

1859.  Gubernatorial  Campaign — Republican  Convention — Convention 
of  the  Anti-Lecompton  Democrats — Convention  of  the  Lecompton 
Democrats — The  Election. 

The  ariti-Lecompton  democrats  began  early  to  prepare  for  the  fall 
campaign,  and  on  February  21st,  the  leading  members  of  that  party 
held  a  meeting  for  consultation  at  Sacramento.  It  was  there  deter- 
mined to  effect  a  thorough  organization  in  every  county  before  the 
time  for  holding  the  primary  elections.  The  previous  year  the  party 
had  not  been  organized  in  some  fourteen  counties,  and  that  fact  was 
regarded  as  an  important  factor  which  had  tended  to  its  defeat.  On 
the  26th,  another  meeting  was  held,  at  which  it  was  resolved  that 
there  should  be  no  affiliation  with  the  Lecompton  democracy.  Gwin, 
Broderick,  McKibben,  and  Denver  arrived  in  San  Francisco  from 
the  east,  on  April  17th,  and  almost  immediately  the  political  pot 
began  to  boil  energetically.  McKibben  spoke  in  San  Francisco,  on 
May  llth,  and  took  a  firm  stand  against  the  Buchanan  administra- 
tion, and  in  favor  of  the  position  which  had  been  assumed  by  Doug- 
las. During  the  same  month,  anti- Lecompton  mass  meetings  were 
held  elsewhere  in  the  state,  and  the  party  succeeded  in  carrying  the 
municipal  elections  at  Marysville,  Stockton,  Santa  Cruz,  and 
Nevada,  and  in  consequence,  confidence  was  felt  in  their  ability  to 
carry  the  state  in  the  fall. 

The  republicans  were  almost  without  hope,  but  they  felt  that  it 
was  necessary  to  keep  up  their  party  organizati  on  in  view  of  the 
presidential  election  in  1860.  They  spurned  the  advice  of  the  inde- 
pendent press  to  unite  their  fortunes  with  the  anti-Lecompton 
democracy  and  to  make  the  administration  party  the  common  foe. 
In  May,  the  candidates  for  the  Lecompton  nomination  for  governor 
commenced  the  usuaF  tour  to  the  principal  points  in  the  state  with 
a  view  of  shaping  the  election  of  delegates  to  the  state  convention. 
Governor  Weller  was  a  candidate  for  re-nomination,  and  his  princi- 
pal opponents  were  Latham,  Nugent,  and  Denver.  The  governor 
evidently  suspected  that  the  political  convention  workers  were 
against  him,  for  on  May  13th,  he  issued  a  lengthy  appeal  to  the 
democratic  masses  to  insist  on  expressing  themselves  at  the  primaries 
directly  on  the  gubernatorial  question,  and  not  to  suffer  him  to  be 
sacrificed  by  the  politicians.  The  administration  party  organs 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  97 

charged  that  the  anti-Lecompton  party  had  its  inception  through 
the  influence  of  Senator  Broderick,  and  that  he  instigated  its  every 
movement ;  and  the  anti-Lecompton  press  retorted  by  assigning  to 
Senator  Gwin,  the  dictatorship  of  the  Lecompton  wing. 

In  its  issue  of  April  23d,  the  Sacramento  Union  said,  when 
reviewing  the  political  situation  of  the  state : 

The  policy  which  governed  the  anti-Lecompton  central  committee 
in  setting  the  time  for  the  meeting  of  their  state  convention  a  week 
before  the  Lecompton  convention  was  probably  to  take  the  initia- 
tive, and  present  the  issues  which  the  popular  sovereignty  wing  of 
the  party  intend  to  maintain  in  the  canvass.  Both  sides  appear 
to  be  sanguine  of  success.  The  Lecompton  wing  relies  greatly  upon 
its  position  and  prestige;  the  anti-Lecompton  upon  the  strength  of 
their  cause  with  the  people.  The  former  have  the  state  and  national 
administrations  with  them;  the  latter  must  rely  upon  the  princi- 
ples they  advocate,  the  qualities  of  the  men  they  nominate,  and  the 
esthusiastic  feelings  of  the  masses  in  favor  of  popular  sovereignty 
and  non-intervention.  An  exciting  canvass  is  in  prospect.  The 
anti-Lecompton  Douglas  democrats  manifest  a  deep  interest  in 
coming  events,  and  a  strong  confidence  in  the  popularity  of  the  plat- 
form they  stand  upon.  As  an  evidence  of  the  zeal  and  promptness 
of  its  members  where  party  duty  is  to  be  performed,  we  refer  to  the 
fact  that  only  two  of  the  central  committee  were  absent  when  the 
roll  was  called. 

The  republican  state  convention  met  in  the  Congregational  church, 
Sacramento,  on  June  8th,  with  about  150  delegates  present.  It  was 
called  to  order  by  F.  P.  Tracy,  chairman  of  the  state  committee,  and 
Ira  P.  Rankin  was  elected  temporary  chairman.  The  body 
organized  by  electing  0.  A.  Tuttle,  president ;  and  E.  D.  Harkness, 
Guillermo  Castro,  M.  Frink,  Jr.,  A.  W.  Blair,  D.  J.  Staples,  Samuel 
Soule,  Thos.  Fallon,  A.  W.  Rawson,  and  D.  W.  Cheesman,  vice- 
presidents.  A  motion  was  made  to  adjourn  until  the  21st,  and  to 
then  proceed  to  endorse  the  anti-Lecompton  nominees.  The  motion 
aroused  a  warm  discussion.  The  straight-out  republicans  were  in 
favor  of  nominating  a  square  party  ticket,  while  others  rather  favored 
the  policy  of  uniting  the  opposition  vote  in  the  state  upon  one  ticket. 
F.  M.  Pixley  led  off  for  the  "  straights,"  and  E.  D.  Baker  championed 
the  liberal  wing.  The  motion  to  adjourn  was  lost.  A  committee 
on  resolutions  was  appointed,  consisting  of  A.  W.  Blair,  E.  D. 
Baker,  Samuel  Bell,  M.  Frink,  Jr.,  C.  Cole,  D.  J.  Staples,  J.  F. 

7 


98         POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Kennedy,  D.  W.  Cheesman,  P.  H.  Sibley,  G.  A.  Grant,  J.  T.  Mc- 
Lean, G.  M.  Hanson,  A.  A.  Sargent,  and  others. 

They  reported  the  following  resolutions,  which  were  unanimously 
adopted  : 

1.  That  the  republican  party  of  Calif orna  are  now,  as  formerly, 
unalterably  opposed  to  the  introduction  of  slavery  into  the  territo- 
ries now  free,  and  will  use  all  just  and   constitutional  means  to 
prevent  it. 

2.  That  we  repudiate  the  modern  dogma  that  slavery  exists  in  all 
the  territories  of  the  United  States  by  force  of  the  constitution,  and 
view  it  as  the  entering  wedge  for  the  enslavement  of  the  free  states. 

3.  That  the  intervention  of  congress  for  the  extension  and  protec- 
tion of  slavery  in  the  territories,  recently  announced  in  congress  by 
leading  democrats  as  a  cardinal   element  of  democratic  faith  and 
practice,  is  an  alarming  evidence  of  the  advance  in  the  demands  of 
the  slave  power,  and  a  gross  infraction  of  popular  rights. 

4.  That  the  corruptions  and  errors  of  the  national  administration 
demand  the  sternest  rebuke  which  can   be  administered  by  a  free 
people. 

5.  That  the  welfare  of  the  whole  country,  and  particularly  the 
welfare  and  political  influence  of  California,  depend  upon  cheap  and 
easy  communication  between  the  Atlantic  and   Pacific  states ;  and 
while  patriotism  and  philanthropy,  no  less  than  interest,  conspire  to 
impel  the  national  republican  party  to  facilitate  such  communica- 
tion, the  interest  of  the  "democratic"  party  lies  in  a  different  direc- 
tion, and  its  entire  energies    are  devoted   to  other  and   sectional 
measures ;  and  it  is,  therefore,  the  deliberate  opinion  of  this  conven- 
tion that  the  dependence  of  the  country  for  a  Pacific  railroad  is 
upon  the  republican  party,  and  in  no  sense  upon  their  opponents. 

6.  That  California  demands  for  the  central  mail  route  from  St. 
Joseph,  via  Pike's  Peak,  Salt  Lake  and  Carson  Valley,  to  Placer- 
ville,  the  same  protection  and  encouragement  as  is  extended  by  gov- 
ernment to  the  southern,  or  Butterfield  mail  route. 

7.  That  we  approve  of  the  homestead  bill,  giving  a  home,  free  of 
cost,  to  every  landless  man  who  will  occupy  and  improve  it ;  and 
also  favor  Grow's  land   bill,  providing  by  law  that  none  of  the 
public  lands  shall  be  sold,  except  to  actual  settlers,  until  the  plots  of 
the  surveys  of  these  lands  shall   have  been  in  the  land  office  ten 
years  from  the  time  of  the  survey. 

s^  8.  That  we  are  opposed  to  any  unjust  discrimination  against  nat- 
uralizing citizens,  which  shall  require  any  length  of  residence  after 
naturalization  before  they  can  vote. 


ANTI-LECOMPTON  CONVENTION.  99 

The  following  nominations  were  made  : 

Leland  Stanford,  for  governor,  without  opposition ;  E.  D.  Baker, 
D.  R.  Ashley,  T.  G.  Phelps,  Samuel  Bell,  and  F.  M.  Pixley  with- 
drawing. 

James  F.  Kennedy,  for  lieutenant-governor,  without  opposition; 
D.  W.  Cheesman,  F.  M.  Pixley,  0.  A.  Tuttle,  L.  Cunningham,  J.  T. 
McLean,  A.  M.  Crane,  C.  Watrous,  and  James  Patterson  with- 
drawing. 

0.  L.  Shafter,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  F.  M.  Haight. 

S.  D.  Parker,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  without  opposition ; 
Cornelius  Cole  withdrawing. 

P.  P.  Caine,  for  treasurer,  without  opposition;  M.  Frink,  Jr.,  C. 
T.  H.  Palmer,  and  Charles  Crocker  withdrawing. 

J.  R.  Clark,  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  P.  H.  Sibley, 
A.  M.  Blair,  J.  N.  Turner,  G.  C.  Haven,  R.  K  Mattheson,  and  B.  T. 
Bachman. 

A.  W.  Randall,  for  surveyor-general,  without  opposition;  C.  T. 
Thomas  withdrawing. 

S.  W.  Brown,  for  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  on  the  first 
ballot,  over  T.  J.  Nevins,  W.  Sherman,  Jacob  Moore,  and  N.  Slater. 

F.  B.  Murdock,  for  printer,  without  opposition ;  C.  A.  Washburn, 
J.  Hancock,  W.  B.  Ewer,  L.  R.  Lull,  and  H.  Arms  withdrawing. 

H.  S.  Love,  for  attorney-general,  by  acclamation;  R.  A.  Jones, 
C.  J.  Hilly er,  J.  McM.  Shafter,  and  A.  A.  Sargent  withdrawing. 

P.  H.  Sibley,  for  congressman  (northern  district),  without  opposi- 
tion; D.  W.  Cheesman,  A.  A.  Sargent,  J.  0.  McKibben,  H.  Oum- 
mings,  and  Charles  A.  Tuttle  withdrawing. 

E.  D.  Baker,  for  congressman  (southern  district),  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  F.  M.  Pixley,  A.  W.  Blair,  F.  P.  Tracy,  Ira  P.  Rankin,  J.  A. 
Nunes,  Thomas  Fallon,  C.  P.  Hester,  and  A.  M.  Crane. 

On  the  9th  a  state  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  H.  H. 
Haight,  C.  Watrous,  J.  G.  Stebbins,  E.  B.  Crocker,  A.  B.  Nixon, 
J.  T.  McLean,  L.  Cunningham,  Samuel  Bell,  A.  M.  Crane,  R.  N. 
Mattheson,  F.  B.  Higgins,  A.  A.  Sargent,  D.  W.  Cheesman,  and 
others.  Thirty-two  counties  were  represented  in  the  convention. 

The  anti-Lecompton  state  committee  met  on  April  21st,  and  called 
a  state  convention,  to  consist  of  240  delegates,  to  meet  on  June  15th. 
On  the  day  last  named,  the  convention  met  in  the  Congregational 


100       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

church,  Sacramento,  and  delegates  were  present  from  all  but  six  of 
the  counties.  The  body  was  called  to  order  by  B.  B.  Redding,  chair- 
man of  the  state  committee,  and  H.  Fitzsimmons  was  chosen  tem- 
porary chairman.  A  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed,  con- 
sisting of  H.  W.  Carpentier,  James  Denman,  Wilson  Flint,  George 
Pearce,  S.  W.  Raveley,  C.  H.  Bryan,  James  Johnson,  Alex.  Camp- 
bell, H.  T.  Huggins,  John  Caldwell,  and  others.  On  the  16th,  the 
convention  permanently  organized,  with  Joseph  W.  McCorkle  as 
president;  and  J.  B.  Frisbie,  A.  G.  Gould,  D.  H.  Hanrahan,  I.  N. 
Underwood,  and  0.  L.  Bridges,  as  vice-presidents. 

The  following  resolutions  were  reported  by  the  committee  : 

1.  That  we  reaffirm  the  principles   set  forth  in  the   Cincinnati 
platform,  and  recognize  it  as  an  authoritative  exposition  of  the  demo- 
cratic creed. 

2.  That  in  order  to  preserve  the  peace  and  harmony  of  the  union, 
and  prevent  the  frequent  recurrence  of  sectional  agitation,  it   is 
essential  that  the  people  of  the  territories  should  be  allowed  to  legis- 
late or  omit  to  legislate  upon  the  subject  of  slavery,  as  well  as  upon 
other  matters  of  domestic  policy,  according  to  their  own  will,  with- 
out any  interference,  direct  or  indirect,  on  the  part  of  either  congress 
or  the  executive. 

3.  That  the  administration  of  James  Buchanan,  by  its  outrages  upon 
the  rights  of  the  people  of  Kansas ;  its  unrelenting  proscription  of 
tried  and  worthy  democrats  for  the  offense  of  adhering  to  democratic 
principles ;  its  constant  violation  of  the  pledges  which  brought  it 
into  life ;  its  attempts  to  render  the  legislative  subject  to  the  execu- 
tive department,  and  its  gross  extravagance,  mismanagement,  and 
corruption,  has  forfeited  the  respect  and  lost  the  confidence  of  the 
American  people. 

4.  That  the  immediate  construction  of  the  Pacific  railroad  ought 
to  be  encouraged  by  the  federal  and  state  governments  by  all  means 
in  their  power,  and  that,  meanwhile,  the  mail  service  by  the  over- 
land routes  should  be  sustained  and  increased. 

5.  That  our  state  judiciary  system  needs  a  thorough  and  complete 
revision,  and  that  the  constitution  should  be  so  changed  as  to  increase 
the  number  of  judges  of  the  supreme  court,  and  insure  a  speedy, 
honest,  and  faithful  administration  of  justice. 

6.  That,  in  the  opinion  of  this  convention,  congress  should  enact 
a  law  to  protect  actual  bona  fide  settlers  upon  the  public  lands  in 
their  just  rights. 

7.  That  we,  as  a  convention  representing  the  true  democracy  of 


ANTI-LECOMPTON  CONVENTION.  101 

California,  adhere  with  unfaltering  firmness  to  the  principles  of 
democracy,  as  taught  by  Thomas  Jefferson,  and  which  guided  the 
councils  of  the  immortal  Jackson. 

8.  That,  when  this  convention  adjourn,  its  members  adjourn  to 
meet,  as  citizens,  at  the  polls  in  the  ides  of  September,  and  that  by 
our  labors  and  our  voices  they  will  show  to  the  world  that  the  free- 
men of  California  are  unbought  by  federal  patronage,  are  unawed  by 
federal  power,  and  will  stand  by  the  sacred  principles  of  democracy, 
in  defiance  of  treacherous  presidents  and  their  cabinets. 

On  motion  of  John  Conness,  the  Fesolutions  as  reported  were 
adopted. 

The  following  resolution  was  then  offered,  and  it  was  laid  on  the 
table,  by  a  large  majority  : 

9.  That  freedom,  as  the  natural  or  normal  condition  of  the  human 
race,  is  a  proposition  lying  at  the  foundation  of  our  free  system  of 
government,  and  that  maintaining,  as  we  do,  the  natural  freedom  of 
man,  we  hold  it  to  be  a  fundamental  truth  that  his  natural  condi- 
tion can  only  be  changed  by  local  law  and  as  punishment  for  crime 
whereof  he  shall  first  have  been  duly  convicted ;  holding,  as  we  do, 
firmly  and  unalterably,  to  these  fundamental  truths,  we,  therefore, 
repudiate  the   dicta  of  the   supreme  court  in  the  Dred  Scott  case, 
which  dicta  has  become  the  platform  of  Lecompton  democracy. 

The  following  preamble  and  resolutions  were  then  offered,  and 
after  a  lengthy  discussion  were  withdrawn : 

10.  WHEREAS,  The  rights  of  man  have  been  invaded,  and  popular 
sovereignty  entirely  set  at  naught   by   the   action  ,of   the  general 
government  of  the  United  States,  at  Washington  city — particularly 
and  especially  in  regard  to  its  action  on  the  Kansas  question,  as  well 
as  in  other  matters  pertaining  to  the  welfare  of  the  people  and  the 
perpetuity  of  the  union — of  that  union  which  has  been,  and  still  is, 
looked  to  as  an  asylum  for  the  oppressed  of  the  whole  earth — and 
that  we  believe  this  government,  instead  of  being  progressive  as  its 
founders   intended  it  to  be,  is  retrograding,  and  tending  towards 
anarchy;  and,  whereas,  the  action  of    the    last  legislature  of   this 
state,  by  the  passage  of  certain  resolutions  in  regard  to  D.  C.  Bro- 
derick,  indorses  the  opinions  set  forth  in  the  above  first  preamble; 
that  said  resolutions  were  passed  by  a  factious  spirit,  and  in  opposi- 
tion to  a  large  majority  of  the  people  of  this  state,  and  should  by  all 
means  be  expunged  from  the  journals  of  the  said  legislature,  for  the 
following  reasons  :     First — That  he  had  advocated  in  the  senate  the 


102       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

rights  of  man  to  its  fullest  and  original  intent.  Second — That  he 
has  honestly  and  fearlessly  labored  to  retrench  the  expenses  of  the 
government.  Third — That  he  has,  in  all  cases,  in  the  senate, 
endeavored  to  suppress  fraud  and  fraudulent  contracts,  and  parti- 
cularly so  in  regard  to  the  Lime  Point  swindle ;  therefore,  resolved: 

1.  That  we  use  our  best  exertions  to  have  the  resolutions  referred 
to  in  the  second  preamble  expunged  from  the  journals  of  the  legisla- 
ture of  this  state. 

2.  That  all  power  is  vested  in,  and  consequently  derived  from  the 
people ;  that  magistrates  are  their  trustees  and  servants,  and  at  all 
times  amenable  to  them. 

3.  That  government  is,  or  ought  to  be,  instituted  for  the  common 
benefit  of  the  whole  people,  and  that  government  is  the  best  which 
produces  the  greatest  degree  of  happiness,  and  is  the  best  protected 
against  maladministration. 

4.  That  the  freedom  of  the  press  is  one  of  the  great  bulwarks  of 
liberty,  and  can  never  be  restrained  but  by  despotic  governments. 

5.  That  the  people  have  a  right  to  uniform  government. 

6.  That  no  free  government  or  the  blessings  of  liberty  can  be  pre- 
served to  any  people  but  by  a  firm  adherence  to  justice,  moderation, 
temperance,  frugality,  and  virtue. 

7.  That  religion  can  be  directed  only  by  reason  and  conviction — 
not  by  force  or  violence ;  and  that  it  is  the  duty  of  all  to  practice 
Christian  forbearance,  love,  and  charity  towards  each  other. 

The  following  nominations  were  then  made  : 

John  Currey,  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  receiving  139  votes, 
to  69  for  Humphrey  Griffith ;  Alfred  Redington,  D.  R.  Ashley,  and 
J.  W.  McCorkle  withdrawing. 

John  Conness,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
Richard  Irwin. 

Jos.  C.  McKibben,  for  congressman  (northern  district),  without 
opposition. 

S.  A.  Booker,  for  congressman  (southern  district),  on  the  first 
ballot,  over  Jas.  W.  Coffroth. 

Royal  T.  Sprague,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  without 
opposition. 

Jos.  Powell,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  second  ballot, 
over  M.  D.  Boruck,  H.  U.  Jennings,  and  A.  R.  Baldwin. 

D.  R.  Ashley,  for  treasurer,  without  opposition;  D.  K.  Porter 
withdrawing. 

Geo.  Pearce,  for  controller,  without  opposition. 


LECOMPTON  CONVENTION.  1Q3 

E.  K.  Steele,  for  attorney -general,  without  opposition. 

James  O'Meara,  for  printer,  on  the  second  ballot,  over  John  R. 
Ridge. 

On  the  17th,  the  following  additional  nominations  were  made  : 

Jas.  S.  Long,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  W.  S. 
Watson  and  Sherman  Day. 

A.  H.  Myers,  for  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  without 
opposition ;  A.  R.  Jackson  and  J.  C.  Pelton  withdrawing. 

The  words  "be  allowed  to"  were  stricken  from  the  second  resolu- 
tion of  the  series  adopted,  and  the  following  additional  resolutions 
were  adopted  : 

11.  That  the  right  of  the  people  of  the  territories  to  form  all  their 
domestic  institutions  in  their  own  way  is  absolute  and  complete,  and 
that  we  are  unalterably  opposed  to  any  interference  with  such  right, 
either  by  the  legislative  or  executive   department  of  the  general 
government. 

12.  That  the  doctrine  of  "intervention"  by  congress  to  establish 
a  slave  code  for  the  territories,  assumed  by  the  administration  adher- 
ents, is  a  gross  departure  from  the  principles  of  the  true  democracy, 
as  laid  down  in  the  platform  made  at  Cincinnati,  and  we  repudiate 
it  as  the  heresy  of  a  faction,  and  condemn  it  as  an  outrage  upon  the 
great  charter  of  American  liberty. 

13.  That  the  chief  executive  of  the  nation  has  broken  his  pledges 
to  the  people  of  California  in  regard  to  the  Pacific  railroad,  which 
pledges  were  announced  in  his  ill-timed  letter  of  1856,  two  weeks 
previous  to  the  election  in  this  state,  and   that  we  condemn  the 
administration  for  its  refusal  to  place  the  central  overland  mail  on 
the  same  footing,  as  to  compensation,  etc.,  as  the  southern  route. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  J.  Middleton,  Wilson 
Flint,  A.  Redington,  H.  U.  Jennings,  Edward  McGarry,  C.  E.  De- 
Long,  Wm.  H.  Lyons,  L.  B.  Arnold,  and  others.  On  June  21st, 
D.  R.  Ashley, the  nominee  for  treasurer,  declined;  and  on  the  24th, 
Elijah  K.  Steele,  the  nominee  for  attorney-general,  also  withdrew. 
On  July  7th,  the  state  committee  nominated  Edmund  Randolph,  for 
attorney-general,  and  J.  W.  Jewett  for  treasurer.  Jewett  declined 
to  be  a  candidate,  and  on  the  following  day  the  committee  nomi- 
nated Josiah  Johnson  for  the  office. 

The  Lecompton  democratic  state  convention  met  in  the  Con- 
gregational church,  Sacramento,  on  June  22d,  and  was  composed  of 


104       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

269  delegates.  Every  county,  except  Fresno,  was  represented.  The 
body  was  called  to  order  by  J.  P.  Hoge,  chairman  of  the  state  com- 
mittee, and  R.  P.  Hammond  was  chosen  temporary  chairman.  A 
great  deal  of  time  was  consumed  in  deciding  contests  for  seats.  On 
the  23d,  a  permanent  organization  was  effected  by  electing  Hammond, 
president ;  and  Jasper  O'Farrell,  Chas.  E-.  Street,  W.  R.  Garrison, 
W.  C.  Stratton,  and  F.  M.  Smith,  vice-presidents. 

The  following  nominations  were  then  made  : 

Milton  S.  Latham,  for  governor,  on  the  second  ballot,  receiving 
136  votes,  to  104  for  John  B.  Weller,  and  29  for  John  Nugent; 
A.  P.  Dudley  and  James  W.  Denver  withdrawing.  First  ballot — 
Weller,  111;  Nugent,  29;  Latham,  129. 

John  G.  Downey,  for  lieutenant  governor,  without  opposition ; 
James  A.  Johnson  withdrawing. 

On  the  24th,  a  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed,  consisting 
of  C.  T.  Ryland,  J.  P.  Hoge,  O.  0.  Hall,  A.  French,  L.  R.  Bradley, 
H.  P.  Barber,  0.  J.  Lansing,  W.  S.  Long,  D.  P.  Durst,  W.  S. 
Wells,  P.  H.  Harris,  R.  M.  Anderson,  Ohas.  Lindley,  0.  R.  Street, 
Myron  Norton,  and  W.  C.  Stratton. 

The  following  additional  nominations  were  made : 

John  C,  Burch,  for  congressman  (northern  district),  on  the  first 
ballot,  over  Vincent  E.  Geiger,  N.  E.  Whiteside,  Z.  Montgomery, 
and  Henry  Meredith. 

Chas.  L.  Scott,  for  congressman  (southern  district),  on  the  first 
ballot,  over  Samuel  A.  Merritt,  Wm.  Van  Voorhies,  E.  W.  McKin- 
stry,  and  Oalhoun  Benham. 

W.  W.  Cope,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  Lewis  AJdrich  and  David  S.  Terry. 

Thos.  H.  Williams,  for  attorney-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
R.  Aug.  Thompson. 

Chas.  S.  Fairfax,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first 
ballot,  over  W.  J.  Hooten,  John  S.  Robberson,  and  Wm.  A.  John- 
son. 

Thos.  Findley,  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  R.  P.  Ashe 
and  C.  Reese. 

Samuel  H.  Brooks,  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  P.  A. 
McRae,  A.  R.  Meloney,  Archibald  McNeill,  and  J.  M.  Haven. 

Horace  A.  Higley,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
William  Holden. 

Andrew*  J.  Moulder,  for  school  superintendent,  without  opposition ; 
W.  C.  Stratton  withdrawing. 


LECOMPTON  CONVENTION.  105 

Chas.  T.  Botts,  for  printer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  H.  C.  Patrick 
and  L.  Magruder. 

The  following  resolutions,  reported  by  the  committee,  were  unan- 
imously adopted : 

1.  That  the  democracy  of  California,   in  convention  assembled, 
again  reiterate  their  firm  determination  to  stand   by,  and  maintain 
in  all  their  integrity,  the  wise,  just  and  liberal  principles  enunciated 
in  the  Cincinnati  platform,  by  the  democratic  party  of  the  union. 

2.  That  the  organized  territories  of  the  United  States,  although 
not  endowed  with  all  the  attributes  of  sovereignty,  are  yet  justly 
entitled  to  the  rights  of  self-government,  and  the  undisturbed  regu- 
lation of  their  domestic  and  local  affairs,  subject  to  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States  ;  and  that  any  attempt  by  congress,  or  any  of 
the  states,  to  establish  or  maintain,  prohibit  or  abolish  the  relation 
of  master  and  slave  in  a  territory,  would  be  a  departure  from  the 
original   doctrines  of  our  American   institutions;  and  that  we   ad- 
here immovably  to  the  principle  of  "non-intervention"  by  congress, 
with  slavery  in  the  states  and  territories,  as  declared  in  the  "Kansas- 
Nebraska  bill,"  and  openly  disclaim  fellowship  with  those,  whether 
at  the  south,  the  north,  or  the  west,  who  counsel  the  abandonment, 
limitation,  or  avoidance  of  that  principle. 

3.  That  the  vigor  and  efficiency  of  the  present  democratic  admin- 
istration, manifested  in  the  adjustment  of  our  difficulties  with  Great 
Britain,  in  regard  to  the  right  of  search;  in  the  prompt  and  success- 
ful redress  of   wrongs  inflicted  upon  us  by  the  government  of  Para- 
guay;   the   decisive  suppression  of  the  rebellion  in   Utah;   in  the 
enforcement  of  the  neutrality  laws;  in  the  impartial  execution  of 
the  acts  of  congress  for  the  suppression  of  the  African  slave  trade, 
and  for  the  rendition  of  fugitive  slaves,  commands  our  cordial  ap- 
probation, and  we  have  full  confidence  in  its  ability  and  inclination 
to  protect  the  rights  of  our  citizens  and  uphold  the  honor  of  our  flag. 

4.  That  the  republican  party  of  Massachusetts  have,  by  incorpo- 
rating in  their  constitution  a  provision  requiring  of  the  naturalized 
citizens  a  residence  of  two  years  after  naturalization,  in  order  to  en- 
joy the  right  of  suffrage,  or  the  privilege  of  holding  office;  and  yet, 
at  the  same  time,  allowing  those   privileges  even  to  the  fugitive 
slaves  upon  a  residence  of  one  year,  attempted  to  degrade  the  for- 
eign white  man  below  the  level  of  the  negro  and  the  mulatto,  and 
that  we,  the  democracy  of  California,   utterly  repudiate  such  infa- 
mous doctrine. 

5.  That  the  persistent  effort  to  fix  upon  the  national  democracy 


106       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

the  stigma  of  a  design  to  legislate  through  congress  a  "slave  code" 
for  the  territories,  is  but  a  desperate  trick  of  unprincipled  and  ren- 
egade politicians  to  divert  popular  attention  from  their  own  base 
and  disorganizing  purposes. 

6.  That  we  deem  the  speedy  construction  of  the  Pacific  railroad 
a  national  necessity,  and  again  earnestly  urge  upon  congress  and  the 
states  their  duty  of  co-operation  for  that  purpose. 

7.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  the  general  government  to  stand  by  and 
sustain  the  overland   mails,  so  successfully  put  in  operation  by  a 
democratic  administration. 

8.  That  the  democracy  of  California  again  tender  to  the  adminis- 
tration of  James  Buchanan  our  renewed  pledge  of  support  in  main- 
taining the  honor  and  integrity  of  the  union,  at  home  and  abroad. 

9.  That  we  again  extend  to  the  present  democratic  administration 
of  this  state  our  most  cordial  and  unqualified  approval. 

On  the  25th  a  state  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  W.  S. 
Long,  Frank  Powell,  Myron  Norton,  C.  T.  Ryland,  R.  P.  Hammond, 
B.  F.  Langford,  W.  J.  Hooten,  J.  P.  Hoge,  E.  Casserly,  Thomas 
Hayes,  Calhoun  Benham,  D.  W.  Gelwicks,  S.  A.  Merritt,  A.  T. 
Laird,  I.  N.  Quinn,  W.  Van  Yoorhies,  W.  H.  Parks,  W.  0.  Strat- 
ton,  J.  A.  Watson,  A.  H.  Rose,  Charles  Lindley,  B.  E.  S.  Ely,  and 
others.  On  motion  the  word  "maintain"  was  stricken  from  the  sec- 
ond resolution.  The  following  preamble  and  resolution,  offered  by 
Horace  Smith,  was  laid  on  the  table,  by  a  vote  of  163  to  95: 

10.  WHEREAS,  It  is  the  sense  of  this  convention  that  the  organic 
law  of  this  state  is  defective,  and  needs  a  thorough  remodeling;  and 
whereas,  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  convention  that  the  democracy  of 
California  are  in  favor  of  calling  a  constitutional  convention;  there- 
fore, resolved,  that  we  recommend  to  the  various  county  committees 
throughout  the  state  to  order  and  cause  to  be  printed  upon  the  tick- 
ets to  be  voted  at  the  coming  election  the  words  "for  a  constitu- 
tional convention." 

The  following  resolution  was  also  adopted: 

11.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  every  branch  of  our  state  government 
to  enforce  and   practice  the  most  rigid  economy  in  conducting  our 
public  affairs,  and  that  no  more  revenue  shall  be  raised  than  is  actu- 
ally required  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  state  government  and 
provide  for  the  gradual  extinguishment  of  the  state  debt. 

It  was  soon  apparent  that  the  opposition  to  the  administration 


REPUBLICAN  ADDRESS.  107 

party  would  be  defeated  at  the  election  unless  a  union  of  their 
forces  could  be  effected,  and  a  strong  effort  was  made  to  have  the 
republican  party — the  weaker  organization — withdraw  its  ticket  and 
join  hands  with  the  anti-Lecompton  faction.  On  July  30th  Horace 
Greeley  arrived  at  Placerville,  by  the  overland  route  from  the  east, 
and  there  and  elsewhere  in  the  state  he  met  with  an  enthusiastic 
reception  by  the  opponents  to  the  administration.  He  delivered 
several  political  speeches,  and  on  August  20th  addressed  a  letter  to 
the  republicans  of  the  state  advising  them  to  unite  with  the  anti- 
Lecomptons  on  a  joint  ticket.  On  August  10th  a  letter  was  ad- 
dressed to  Stanford,  inquiring  if  it  was  his  purpose  to  withdra>v 
from  the  canvass  on  the  eve  of  the  election  in  favor  of  Ourrey — a& 
it  had  been  rumored.  Stanford  replied  on  the  13th  that  he  would 
not  withdraw,  but  that  his  party  would  maintain  an  unbroken  front 
throughout  the  campaign.  On  the  22d  Frank  M.  Pixley  issued  a 
novel  three  column  address,  denouncing  both  Gwin  and  Broderick 
severely,  and  urging  the  republicans  to  stand  together  by  their 
ticket.  The  republican  committee  on  the  29th  issued  the  following 
address  to  the  members  of  that  party  : 

The  rumors  which  have  been  afloat  for  the  past  few  days  relative 
to  a  union  upon  the  congressional  ticket  between  the  republican 
and  the  anti-Lecompton  parties,  make  it  proper  and  necessary  for 
the  republican  state  central  committee  to  state  that  no  such  arrange- 
ment will  be  made,  as  the  leaders  of  the  anti-Lecompton  party,  after 
making  the  first  advances  for  this  purpose,  and  after  a  favorable 
response  on  our  part  to  their  proposition,  have  failed  to  come  to  any 
understanding  with  us  upon  the  subject.  It  is,  therefore,  the  duty 
of  all  republicans  to  use  every  effort  for  the  election  of  the  whole 
republican  ticket. 

The  candidates  in  a  measure  effected  the  end  which  the  committees 
could  not  attain,  but  at  so  late  a  day  in  the  canvass  as  to  help  mat- 
ters very  little,  if  any.  On  August  24th,  F.  B.  Murdock,  the  repub- 
lican nominee  for  printer,  published  a  card  of  withdrawal,  and  asked 
his  friends  to  support  O'Meara.  On  September  1st,  the  republican 
committee  accepted  the  resignation,  and  made  no  nomination  to  fill 
the  vacancy  on  the  ticket.  P.  H.  Sibley,  the  republican  candidate 
for  congress,  withdrew  on  September  2d  in  favor  of  Baker  and 
McKibben;  and  on  the  3d,  Samuel  A.  Booker,  the  anti-Lecompton 
candidate  for  the  same  office,  followed  Sibley's  example.  About  the 
same  time,  S.  W.  Brown,  the  republican  candidate  for  school  super- 


108       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

intendent,  declined  the  nomination.  On  August  31st,  the  state 
committee  of  the  settlers'  party  issued  an  address,  in  which  they 
said  that  they  deemed  it  unnecessary  to  call  a  state  convention  of 
that  party  when  such  men  as  Carrey,  Sprague,  Randolph,  Baker, 
McKibben,  and  O'Meara  had  been  nominated  by  the  regular  parties. 
Currey  published  a  letter  to  Latham  on  June  29th,  inviting  him  to 
oanvass  the  state  with  him,  and  to  speak  from  the  same  platform. 
The  proposition  was  accepted  by  Latham  on  July  1st,  and  both  gen- 
x  tlemen  lived  up  to  the  agreement  during  the  entire  campaign.  The 
\_campaign  of  1859  was  the  most  exciting  and  remarkable  in  the 
history  of  California.  The  interest  centered  upon  Senators  Gwin 
and  Broderick,  who  spoke  in  favor  of  the  Lecompton  and  anti- 
Lecompton  tickets,  respectively.  Their  speeches  were  intensely  per- 
sonal, and  in  them  was  given  the  inside  history  of  the  famous 
Broderick-Gwin  fight  for  the  United  States  senatorship.  When  it 
was  announced  that  Broderick  intended  to  make  a  stumping  tour 
through  the  state,  his  opponents  raised  a  shout  of  derision.  For 
many  years  they  had  represented  him  as  a  man  of  low  instincts, 
immoral  habits,  and  ungovernable  temper,  and  it  was  their  pleasure 
to  describe  the  sorry  appearance  he  would  make  before  the  people 
as  a  public  speaker.  It  was  asserted  as  above  dispute  that  he  was 
entirely  incapable  of  composing  and  delivering  a  sentence  which 
should  possess  any  of  the  qualities  of  directness,  perspicuity,  or 
grammatical  accuracy,  and  it  was  prophesied  that  his  first  effort  at 
stumping  would  be  a  sad  failure;  and  even  some  of  his  best  friends 
caught  the  infection  of  the  oft-rehearsed  disparagement,  and  trem- 
bled for  his  success.  His  first  speech,  however,  covered  his  enemies 
with  chagrin  and  disappointment  and  elated  his  friends  with  confi- 
dence and  hope,  and  his  subsequent  efforts  but  confirmed  him  as  a 
speaker  of  ability.  Broderick  delivered  his  first  speech  at  Placer- 
ville,  on  July  9th. 

The  election  was  held  on  September  7th,  and  it  developed  upon 
the  official  canvass  of  the  returns,  that 

For  Governor — Latham  had  received  62,255  votes;  Currey  31,- 
298,  Stanford  10,110. 

Lieutenant-Governor — Downey  59,051;  Conness  31,051;  Kennedy 
11,148. 

Congressmen— Scott  56,998  ;  Burch  57,665  ;  McKibben  43,474; 
Booker  2,969;  Baker  4f, 438  ;  Sibley  301. 

Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court — Cope  59,357  ;  Sprague  30,978 ; 
Shafter  11,79'J. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION. 

Treasurer— Findley  62,889  ;  Johnson  28,889;  Oaine  10,290. 

Controller— Brooks  59,712;  Pearce  31,238  ;  Clark  10,855. 

Attorney-General— Williams  59,292;  Randolph  33,166;  Love  9,- 
403. 

Surveyor-General—  Higley  60,127;  Long  31,073;  Randall  10,676. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction — Moulder  60,787  ;  Myers 
32,033;  Brown  9,431. 

Printer—  Botts  57,381;  O'Meara  44,048;  Murdock  494. 

Supreme  Court  Clerk— Fairfax  60,179;  Powell  31,179;  Parker 
10,104. 

Constitutional  Convention — For,  46,129;  against  10,060. 

New  Territory— For  1,202;  against  2,156. 

The  entire  Lecompton  ticket  was  consequently  elected. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

I860.  Presidential  Campaign  —  Republican  Convention,  February 
22d — Efforts  to  Combine  the  Democracy — Democratic  Convention, 
February  agth — The  Breach  of  1858  in  the  Democratic  Party  made 
Wider — Republican  Convention,  June  2Oth — Meetings  of  the  Demo- 
cratic State  Convention — Convention  of  the  Douglas  Democrats, 
September  5th — Convention  of  the  Breckinridge  Democrats,  Sep- 
tember nth — Convention  of  the  Union  Party — Result  of  the  Election 
— Secession  of  the  Southern  States — Efforts  to  Set  Up  a  Pacific 
Republic. 

On  January  21st,  the  republican  state  committee  met  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  called  a  state  convention  to  meet  at  Sacramento,  on  Febru- 
ary 22d,  to  select  delegates  to  attend  the  national  convention  which 
was  to  meet  at  Chicago,  on  June  15th,  to  nominate  a  presidential 
ticket.  The  convention  assembled  at  the  appointed  time,  and  was 
called  to  order  by  H.  H.  Haight,  chairman  of  the  state  committee. 
P.  H.  Sibley  was  temporary  chairman,  and  on  permanent  organiza- 
tion, Samuel  H.  Parker  was  president ;  and  J.  F.  Chellis,  T.  G. 
Phelps,  J.  T.  McLean,  W.  W.  Belshaw,  and  G.  W.  Towle,  vice- 
presidents.  The  following  were  nominated  for  delegates  to  the 
national  convention  :  F.  P.  Tracy,  Leland  Stanford,  Samuel  Bell, 
A.  A.  Sargent,  Chas.  A.  Sumner,  D.  J.  Staples,  S.  F.  Johnson, 
D.  W.  Cheesman,  Chas.  Watrous,  R.  N.  Mattheson,  J.  C.  Hinckley, 
Isaac  M.  Baldwin,  J.  A.  Nunes,  J.  C.  Wycker,  F.  0.  Haven,  W.  H. 
Pratt,  B.  M.  Hance,  Chas.  A.  Tuttle,  Geo.  M.  Hanson,  P.  Whit- 


110       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

beck,  Chas.  McDonald,  and  Geo.  Stacey.  Tracy,  Stanford,  Sargent, 
Cheesman,  and  Staples  were  elected.  Hinckley,  Baldwin,  John  B. 
Yan,  Francis  Snyder,  and  James  Churchman  were  elected  alternates. 
The  convention  adopted  no  resolutions. 

Early  in  1860,  a  movement  was  inaugurated  to  bring  together  the 
two  wings  of  the  democratic  party  in  view  of  the  presidential  elec- 
tion, but  the  anti-Lecompton  faction  preferred,  before  consummating 
the  union,  to  await  the  result  of  the  national  convention.  Douglas 
was  the  presidential  candidate  of  the  northern  democrats,  but  to  the 
Lecompton  wing,  he  was  about  as  obnoxious  as  any  republican 
nominee  could  be,  and  many  of  the  southern  democrats  openly 
announced  that  in  the  event  of  his  nomination  they  would  not  sup- 
port him.  An  air  of  trouble  surrounded  the  democratic  camp,  and 
the  apparent  disinterestedness  of  the  northern  democracy  was  but  as 
the  lull  before  a  great  storm.  On  January  18th,  the  two  democratic 
state  committees  met  separately  at  Sacramento,  and  the  Lecompton 
wing  called  a  democratic  state  convention  of  359  members,  to  select 
delegates,  and  to  meet  on  February  29th,  at  Sacramento. 

The  anti  Lecompton  committee  adopted  the  following  resolutions 
and  adjourned : 

1.  That  the  recent  re-enunciation  of   James   Buchanan    of   his 
federal  heresies  demands  from  us  that  we  should  renew  our  adher- 
ence to  our  old  principles,   believing,  as  we  do,   that  upon  those 
principles  only  can  our  government  be  safely  conducted,  and  the 
union  of  the  states  preserved. 

2.  That  we  reaffirm  the  Cincinnati  platform  and  the  great  princi- 
ples contained  therein ;  and  that  we  declare  our  unalterable  adher- 
ence to  the  great  doctrines  of  popular  sovereignty,  as   understood 
and  expounded  in  1856. 

3.  That  we  deem  it  inexpedient  to  recommend  the  election  of 
delegates  to  the  Charleston  convention,  but  that  it  is  of  the  greatest 
importance  to  cherish  the  principles  of  our  party,  and  we  desire  our 
friends  in  the  different  counties  to  sustain  them  at  all  times  and 
under  all  circumstances,  as  their  wisdom  may  best  suggest. 

Soon  afterward,  the  county  conventions  were  held,  and  the  anti- 
Lecompton  democrats  generally  participated  in  the  primaries,  but 
the  majority  of  the  conventions  returned  Lecompton  delegates  to  the 
state  convention.  The  generally  expressed  preference  for  the  presi- 
dential nominee  was  in  favor  of  Daniel  S.  Dickinson,  J.  0.  Breckin- 
ridge,  or  Joseph  Lane. 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  \\\ 

The  democratic  state  convention  to  select  delegates  to  attend  the 
national  convention  to  meet  at  Charleston  on  April  23d,  met  in  the 
Fourth-street  Baptist  church,  Sacramento,  on  February  29,  1860. 
The  majority  of  the  delegates  had  arrived  in  the  city  as  early  as  the 
morning  of  the  28th,  and  the  legislature  adjourned  over  for  a  day  to 
allow  its  members  to  attend  the  convention.  The  church  was  tilled 
with  delegates  and  spectators  the  instant  the  doors  were  opened,  and 
it  was  found  that  sufficient  room  was  not  afforded  in  the  building. 
Immediately  after  the  body  was  called  to  order  by  J.  P.  Hoge,  the 
chairman  of  the  state  committee,  an  adjournment  was  had  to  the 
Forrest  theater,  but  that  building  also  was  not  sufficiently  commo- 
dious, and  at  4  o'clock  another  removal  was  made  to  the  Congrega- 
tional church.  During  the  day  there  was  a  stormy  session,  and  in 
the  evening  a  partial  compromise  was  effected  by  choosing  Philip 
Moore  for  temporary  chairman,  by  a  vote  of  180  to  176  for  N.  Kil- 
patrick.  Immediately  afterward  Moore  was  elected  permanent 
president.  On  March  1st,  Wm.  Glaskin,  John  Bid  well,  J.  0.  Hun- 
saker,  John  P.  Haynes,  S.  G.  Whipple,  W.  Neely  Johnson,  B.  F. 
Mauldin,  Peter  Donahue,  Thos.  W.  Lane,  Walter  Murray,  0.  W.  Tozer, 
Thos.  Baker,  John  P.  Jones,  0.  F.  Reed,  and  others  were  elected 
vice-presidents ;  and  a  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed,  con- 
sisting of  William  Van  Voorhies,  P.  H.  Harris,  John  Boggs,  D.  E. 
Buel,  D.  J.  Johnson,  J.  T.  Ryan,  Andres  Pico,  S.  A.  Merritt,  T.  J. 
Henley,  B.  E.  S.  Ely,  W.  W.  Caperton,  J.  W.  Ooffroth,  S.  A.  Sharp, 
Thos.  Laspeyre,  D.  W.  Connelly,  E.  Garter,  H.  I.  Thornton,  Jr.,  J. 
Temple,  V.  E.  Geiger,  I.  N.  Quinn,  H.  Griffith,  and  others.  The 
committee  reported  the  following  resolutions  : 

1.  That  the  democracy  of  California  most  unhesitatingly  declare 
their  adherence  to  the  principles  laid  down  in  the  Cincinnati  plat- 
form of  1856,  believing  that  those  principles  can  alone  secure  the 
prosperity  and  perpetuity  of  our  glorious  Union. 

2.  That  we  recognize  the  decision  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States  in  what  is  known  as  the  Dred  Scott  case,  to  be  the 
true  construction  of  the  law  of  the  land  ;  that  the  courts  are  invested 
with  ample  powers,  under  the  laws  and  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  for  the  protection  of  the  person  and  property  of  the  citizen ; 
and  that  any  intervention  of  federal  power  in  controlling  the  policy 
of  the  territories  is  highly  impolitic  and  subversive  of  the  funda- 
mental principles  of   self-government,  except  in  cases  of  unlawful 
resistance  to  the  laws  and  the  mandates  of  the  courts. 


112       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

3.  That  we  most  earnestly  recommend  the  immediate  passage  by 
Congress  of  a  Pacific  railroad  and  telegraph  bill,  regarding  the  con- 
struction of   such  a  road   and   telegraph  to  be  the  only  method   by 
which  the  federal  government  can  extend  to  the  state  of  California 
that   protection  in  time  of   war  which  is  guaranteed  by  the  federal 
compact  to  each  state. 

4.  That  we  regard  it  a  matter  of  the  first  importance  to  Califor- 
nia that  the  overland  mail  lines  should  be  fostered  by  the  govern- 
ment, and  that  we  urge  upon  our  senators  and  representatives  in 
congress  the  necessity  of  -using  all  honorable  means  to  that  end. 

5.  That  we  approve  and   endorse  the  administration  of  James 
Buchanan,  and  commend  it  entirely. 

6.  That  we  approve  of  the  policy  of  the  present  and  the  preced- 
ing state  administrations. 

7.  That  Daniel  .S.  Dickinson  is  the  first  choice  of  the  democracy 
of  California  for  the  next  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  following  additional  resolution  was  offered  by  B.  F.  Mauldin, 
and  laid  on  the  table: 

8.  That  we,  the  people  democratic,  while  we  deprecate  all  efforts 
at  disunion,  are  prepared  to  maintain  the  independence  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

The  seventh  resolution  provoked  considerable  discussion,  and  the 
following  was  offered  as  a  substitute  for  it : 

That  this  convention,  having  an  abiding  faith  in  the  democracy 
and  integrity  of  those  delegates  who  shall  be  elected  to  represent 
California  in  the  national  democratic  convention,  to  convene  at 
Charleston,  emphatically  refuse  to  trammel  them  with  instructions 
for  any  man  for  the  offices  of  president  and  vice-president  of  the 
United  States. 

The  substitute  was  lost  by  a  vote  of  21  to  317,  and  the  platform 
as  reported  by  the  committee  was  adopted.  The  following  were 
placed  in  nomination  for  delegates  to  the  national  convention  :  Wm. 
G.  Easton,  Austin  E.  Smith,  G.  W.  Patrick,  Jas.  D.  Terrill,  D.  S. 
Gregory,  Jas.  E.  Torrey,  Newell  Gregory,  John  S.  Dudley,  L.  R. 
Bradley  John  Raines,  Charles  M.  Creaner,  John  A.  Driebelbiss, 
John  H.  Seawall,  H.  P.  Haun,  Myron  Norton,  J.  W.  Osborn,  John 
Bidwell,  T.  J.  Henley,  Volney  E.  Howard,  and  John  F.  McCauley. 
On  the  first  ballot  Patrick,  Dudley,  Bradley,  Newell  Gregory,  Bid- 
well,  Driebelbiss,  Smith  and  Raines  were  elected.  The  following 
resolution  was  offered  by  Y.  E.  Geiger,  and  l,aid  on  the  table  by  a 
vote  of  282  to  65  : 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION. 

That  Stephen  A.   Douglas   is  the  last  choice  of  the  democracy  of 
California  for  president  of  the  United  States. 

The  news  of  the  split  in  the  democratic  national  convention,  and 
of  the  nominations  of  Breckinridge  and  Douglas  for  president,  was 
received  in  California  on  July  15th.  It  produced  the  greatest  excite- 
ment. The  northern  democrats  generally  went  to  the  support  of 
Douglas,  claiming  that  he  was  the  regular  presidential  nominee  of 
the  party,  and  they  set  about  immediately  with  enthusiasm  to  organ- 
ize for  the  purpose  of  conducting  the  "campaign.  The  southern  dem- 
ocrats, who  supported  Breckinridge,  did  not  claim  for  him  the  regu- 
lar nomination,  but  they  urged  that  as  neither  of  the  candidates  had 
received  a  two  thirds  vote  of  all  the  delegates  who  had  been  elected 
to  attend  the  national  convention,  the  party  was  without  a  regular  \ 
nominee,  and  therefore  its  members  could  support  either  candidate  \ 
with  propriety.  Governor  Downey  immediately  declared  himself  for\ 
Douglas,  and  ex-Governor  Weller  took  stand  for  Breckinridge.  / 
Twenty-six  of  the  members  of  the  democratic  state  committee  were  I 
Breckinridge  men,  and  ten  were  for  Douglas;  and  of  the  democratic ' 
newspapers  in  the  state  twenty-four  were  for  Douglas  and  twenty- 
two  for  Breckinridge.  The  federal  office  holders  supported  Breckin- 
ridge almost  to  a  man.  During  July  democratic  clubs  were  organ- 
ized throughout  the  state.  The  Douglas  clubs  resolved  to  repudiate 
the  action  of  the  national  delegates  from  the  state  who  had  sup- 
ported Breckinridge,  and  to  support  Douglas  at  the  election.  The 
Breckinridge  clubs  declared  in  their  resolutions  that  the  platform 
upon  which  their  leader  stood  embodied  principles  which  they  cher- 
ished, and  which  for  years  had  been  endorsed  by  the  regular  demo- 
cratic conventions  of  California.  On  July  25th,  it  was  announced 
in  the  dispatches  that  Senators  Gwin  and  Latham  had  determined 
to  support  Breckinridge.  A  lengthy  address  to  the  democracy  was 
published  in  the  San  Francisco  Herald  on  July  27th.  It  was  signed 
by  sixty-five  persons — twenty-two  of  whom  were  federal  officers, 
and  eight  or  nine  were  interested  in  governmental  contracts. 
Among  the  signers  were  C.  L.  Weller,  J.  P.  Haven,  R.  Aug.  Thomp- 
son, R.  R.  Pro  vines,  A.  0.  Peachy,  Jas.  H.  Wade,  Frank  Tilford, 
J.  R.  Snyder,  S.  Heydenfeldt,  B.  F.  Washington,  C.  J.  Brenham,  J. 
W:  Mandeville,  V.  E.  Howard,  R.  P.  Ashe,  O.  C.  Pratt,  J.  H.  Wise, 
Hall  McAllister,  0.  0.  Hall,  J.  B.  Haggin,  Lloyd  Tevis,  D.  W. 
Perley,  and  J.  D.  Thornton.  The  address  defended  the  action  of 


114       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

the  seceding   branch    of    the    national    convention    and    ended    by 
saying : 

In  the  absence,  then,  of  any  candidate  who  can  properly  claim 
to  be  the  nominee  of  the  democracy  of  the  whole  union,  no  alterna- 
tive is  left  but  for  the  democratic  party  of  each  state  to  determine 
for  itself  which  of  the  two  tickets  presented  most  truly  represents 
the  views  and  opinions  of  the  party,  and  which  would  be  most 
likely  to  carry  out  and  perpetuate  its  long-cherished  principles. 
*  *  *  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  we  shall  give 
our  cordial  and  earnest  support  to  Breckinridge  and  Lane ;  and  in 
doing  so  we  feel  that  we  are  standing  upon  the  ancient  principles  of 
our  party,  and  maintaining  the  consistency  of  our  former  political 
action. 

On  July  28th,  a  large  Breckinridge  ratification  meeting  was  held 
in  San  Francisco,  at  which  addresses  were  delivered  by  R.  Aug. 
Thompson,  V.  E.  Howard,  J.  B.  Weller,  Calhoun  Benham,  and 
Frank  Tilford.  Resolutions  were  adopted  endorsing  the  nomination 
of  Breckinridge  and  Lane,  and  the  platform  upon  which  they  had 
been  nominated.  It  was  also  resolved : 

That  the  attempt  to  fasten  upon  the  national  democracy  the  pur- 
pose of  enacting  a  slave  code  for  the  territories  is  but  a  trick  of 
designing  demagogues  to  divert  the  attention  of  the  people  from 
their  own  departure  from  national  principle. 

That  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  in  ignoring  the  decision  of  the  supreme 
court,  by  which  he  was  pledged  to  abide,  has  not  only  proved  false 
to  his  promises,  but  by  his  consistent  advocacy  of  the  doctrine  of  a 
law  higher  than  the  constitution  as  interpreted  by  that  august 
tribunal,  has  caused  the  unhappy  divisions  which  now  distract  the 
democratic  party. 

That  a  faithful  adherence  to  the  principles  enunciated  and  decided 
by  the  supreme  court  in  the  Dred  Scott  case,  is  essential  to  the 
peace  and  harmony  of  the  union,  and  we  hereby  accept  them  as  a 
final  solution  and  adjustment  of  the  vexed  question  of  slavery  in  the 
territories. 

Another  address  to  the  democracy  was  published  in  the  San 
Francisco  Herald  on  July  31st,  to  which  150  names  were  signed, 
including  those  of  John  G.  Downey,  J.  P.  Hoge,  J.  Mora  Moss,  W. 
M.  Lent,  John  Parrott,  R.  P.  Hammond,  James  T.  Ryan,  H.  W. 
Halleck,  J.  A.  McDougall,  W.  S.  Long,  James  Denman,  Frederick 
Billings,  E.  Oasserly,  A.  Hayward,  S.  M.  Wilson,  S.  A.  Sharp,  L.  B. 


DOUGLAS  VS.  BRECKINRIDGE.  H5 

Mizner,  J.  J.  Papy,  R.  H.  Lloyd,  L.  McLane,  H.  A.  Oobb,  A.  J. 
Bryant,  Elisha  Cook,  E.  D.  Sawyer,  T.  N.  Cazneau,  D.  J.  Oliver, 
P.  B.  Cornwall,  0.  T.  Ryland,  M.  Norton,  T.  W.  Freelon,  R.  H. 
Sinton,  Samuel  Purdy,  E.  B.  Mastick,  and  others.  The  address  was 
in  response  to  the  Breckinridge  document,  and  stated,  among  other 
things  : 

There  is  disunion  at  the  bottom  of  the  Charleston  and  Baltimore 
secession  movement.  The  dissolution  of  this  government  is  the 
ultimate  object  proposed  by  the  great  champion  and  leaders  of  this 
faction.  To  this  the  true  men  of  the"  south  and  the  north,  the  east 
and  west  will  object.  They  will  not  only  object — they  will  resist. 
They  will  do  more  than  this — they  will  overwhelm  the  disunionists. 
The  movement  is  yet  in  its  infancy ;  let  it  be  crushed  before  it  ob- 
tains a  larger  and  more  vigorous  growth.  We  call  upon  the  democ- 
racy everywhere,  and  upon  all  true,  union-loving  patriots,  to  join  us 
in  giving  them  one  effective  and  final  blow,  by  placing  at  the  head 
of  this  nation  the  true  representative  of  the  national  and  union- 
loving  democracy.  In  November  next  our  country  will  expect  every 
man  to  do  his  duty  by  sustaining  and  voting  for  Douglas  and  John- 
son, as  the  only  regular  candidates  of  the  national  democratic  party. 
Let  no  man  shrink  from  its  performance. 

On  August  4th,  James  W.  Denver  published  a  lengthy  letter, 
defining  his  political  position.  He  declared  for  Douglas,  and  took 
the  ground  that  California  was  not  interested  in  the  territorial  con- 
troversy. He  characterized  the  Breckinridge  wing  as  a  disunion 
faction  that  was  striving  to  divide  the  democratic  party,  and  finally 
to  dissolve  the  union.  Senator  Latham,  on  August  16th,  published 
a  lengthy  address  to  his  party.  After  lamenting  on  the  differences 
in  the  democracy,  and  reviewing  the  claim  of  Douglas  to  be  the 
regular  nominee,  and  deciding  adversely  to  it,  he  said  : 

Neither  do  I  claim  for  Breckinridge  that  he  is  the  "regular 
nominee"  of  the  national  democracy.  He  is  presented  to  the  people 
just  as  Douglas  is,  as  the  exponent  of  a  principle.  It  is  upon  a  dif- 
ference as  to  the  correctness  of  a  political  proposition  that  the  party 
is  divided,  and  has  taken  position  under  two  distinguished  leaders. 
The  question  of  mere  regularity,  in  comparison  with  its  settlement, 
sinks  into  the  most  wretched  insignificance.  The  democratic  party 
has  always  boasted  with  pride  and  exultation  its  adherence  to  prin- 
ciple. Let  not  now  its  followers,  who  can  cast  their  eyes  back  upon 
a  long  series  of  yearly  triumphs  of  principle,  mar  that  reputation  by 


116       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

a  beggarly  and  miserable  scramble  among  themselves  as  to  mere- 
party  machinery  or  regularity,  irrespective  of  principle.  I  support 
Breckinridge,  not  because  he  is  the  regular  nominee,  but  because  I 
agree  with  him  and  those  who  nominated  him  as  to  what  is  correct 
as  a  political  principle — as  to  what,  under  the  constitution,  is  just 
to  all  the  states  of  this  nation.  I  oppose  Douglas  because  I  do  not 
agree  with  him,  and  for  no  other  reason.  The  point  at  issue  involves 
the  right  of  the  people  in  the  territories,  while  under  a  territorial 
form  of  government.  From  a  sense  of  duty  and 

honest  conviction,  I  shall  vote  for  Breckinridge,  believing  that  the 
platform  upon  which  he  is  nominated  is  right,  and  the  only  one 
upon  which  our  institutions  can  be  maintained,  and  the  peace,  unity, 
and  happiness  of  our  country  secured.  There  has  been  no  peace  to 
the  democratic  party  since  the  doctrine  of  "squatter  sovereignty" 
was  promulgated.  The  effulgence  of  Douglas'  giant  intellect  has 
concealed  its  true  form  from  the  eye  of  the  party.  It  has  been  a 
gift  from  him  of  a  political  Pandora's  box. 

Intelligence  of  the  nomination  of  Lincoln  and  Hamlin  was  received 
in  California  on  June  10th,  and  the  republican  state  convention  ta 
nominate  presidential  electors  met  at  Sacramento  on  the  20th  of  that 
month.  It  was  composed  of  240  delegates,  and  was  called  to  order 
by  F.  B.  Folger.  James  Churchman  was  elected  temporary  chair- 
man, and  a  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed,  consisting  of 
J.  S.  Love,  G.  A.  Grant,  W.  H.  Weeks,  and  others.  On  permanent 
organization,  J.  A.  Nunes  was  president,  and  0.  0.  Burbank,  F.  S. 
Dexter,  G.  W.  Baldwin,  and  L.  H.  Foote  vice-presidents.  A.  W. 
Blair,  C.  A.  Washburn,  W.  H.  Weeks,  and  Charles  A.  Tuttle  were 
nominated  for  presidential  electors,  over  George  M.  Hanson,  Edward 
Stanly,  G.  W.  Baldwin,  J.  F.  Polton,  C.  W.  Reed,  S.  D.  Parker, 
J.  Churchman,  F.  M.  Haight,  John  C.  Fremont,  A.  H.  Myers,  A.  A. 
DeLong,  P.  H.  Sibley,  William  Rabe,  Antonio  M.  Pico,  and  Abel 
Stearns.  Afterward,  the  vote  by  which  Blair  was  nominated  was 
reconsidered,  and  Antonio  M.  Pico  was  nominated  in  his  place. 

The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

1.  That  with  a  just  and  patriotic  pride  we  endorse  the  action  of 
the  national  convention  held  at  Chicago,  on  May  16th. 

2.  That    the    broad,    comprehensive,    and    national    sentiments 
expressed  in  the  platform  adopted  at  that  convention  meet  with  our 
heartiest  approval,  and,  standing  by  them,  we  earnestly  invite  all 
opponents  of  the  present  corrupt  administration  to  join  with  us  in 


DEMOCRA  TIC  STA  TE  COMMITTEE.  \  17 

^hurling  it  from  power,  and  in  bringing  back  the  government  to  the 
principles  of  the  fathers  of  the  republic. 

3.  That  Abraham  Lincoln,  of  the  great  west,  is  the  appropriate 
representative  of  the  great  principles  of  the  republican  party;  the  fit 
opponent  of  the  sectional,  factional,  dissonant,  and  disordered  "democ- 
racy;" known  at  home  as  "  Honest  Old  Abe  " — the  sturdy  champion 
of  freedom  and  justice — we  commend  him  to  the  free  voters  of  this 
state  as  a  man  possessing  alike  the  genius  to  will  and  the  courage 
and  determination  to  maintain,  at  all  hazards,  the  integrity  of  the 
union,  and  the  honor  of  the  government. 

4.  That  in  Hannibal  Hamlin  we  have  an  honest,  courageous,  and 
talented  statesman  ;  one  who  had  the  courage  and  honor  to  desert  a 
mighty  and  triumphant  party  to  which  he  had  long  been  attached, 
at  the  first  moment  when  it  became  the  assailant  of  the  constitu- 
tional principles  of  the  government. 

5.  That  the  great  republican,   Wm.  IT.   Seward,  ever  the  warm 
and  judicious  friend  of  California,  is  the  object  of  the  unalterable  love 
and  admiration  of  the  republicans  of  this  state  ;  and  whether  in 
office  or  in  retirement,  our  affections  will  follow  and  surround  him. 
And  to  him,  constantly,  will  our  pride  and  patriotism  point  as  one 
of  the  wisest  men  and  greatest  statesmen  of  any  country  or  of  any 


The  democratic  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco,  on  July 
30th.  It  was  understood  beforehand  that  a  split  was  inevitable. 
A  strong  effort  was  made,  however,  to  bring  about  a  compromise  to 
run  but  one  electoral  ticket.  All  of  the  members  of  the  committee 
were  present.  A.  H.  Rose  offered  a  resolution  recommending  an 
adjustment  of  the  differences  existing  between  the  two  wings  of  the 
party  by  nominating  an  electoral  ticket  with  two  electors  from  each 
side,  the  tickets  to  be  headed  indifferently  for  Breckinridge  or  for 
Douglas,  and  the  electors  to  be  pledged  to  vote  for  the  democratic 
candidate  who  should  receive  the  majority  of  the  democratic  votes 
in  the  state.  After  a  great  deal  of  debate,  the  resolution  was 
defeated — 22  to  14.  It  met  with  no  favor  from  the  Douglas  party. 
Chas.  Lindley  then  offered  a  resolution  calling  a  state  convention  to 
nominate  four  electors  for  Breckinridge.  Eugene  Casserly  offered  a 
substitute  that  the  convention  nominate  Douglas  electors.  The  sub- 
stitute was  lost  by  a  vote  of  26  to  6 — four  declining  to  vote.  An 
adjournment  was  then  taken  until  the  31st.  On  that  day,  separate 
.meetings  were  held,  the  ten  Douglas  members — J.  P.  Hoge,  A.  H. 


118       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Rose,  B.  M.  Henry, .Myron  Norton,  A.  D.  Rightmire,  W.  S.  Longr 
C.  T.  Ryland,  R.  P.  Hammond,  Geo.  F.  Price,  and  S.  D.  Krider— 
withdrawing. 

The  Breckinridge  members  sent  the  following  message  to  Hoge, 
the  chairman : 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  July  31,  1860. 

Hon.   Joseph  P.   Hoge,  chairman  of  the  democratic  state  central 
committee  : 

Sir — At  a  meeting  held  pursuant  to  adjournment,  at  10  o'clock 
A.  M.,  to-day,  the  undersigned  were  appointed  by  the  state  central 
committee  to  inform  you  that  they  are  now  assembled  and  ready  to 
proceed  to  business,  and  desire  your  attendance,  which  we  accord- 
ingly do. 

Hoge's  reply  was  as  follows  : 

I  have  your  note  notifying  me,  as  the  chairman  of  the  democratic 
state  committee,  that  you  are  a  committee  from  a  portion  of  that 
body  to  desire  my  attendance.  This  is  my  reply  :  The  action  of 
yourselves  and  your  friends,  in  the  state  committee,  on  yesterday, 
in  rejecting  every  proposition  for  maintaining  the  harmony  and 
organization  of  the  democratic  party  of  this  state,  and  in  repudiating 
the  regular  national  democratic  convention  of  Charleston  and  Balti- 
more, and  its  candidates  for  president  and  vice-president — Douglas 
and  Johnson — has,  in  my  judgment,  placed  you  and  them  outside  of 
the  regular  democratic  party  of  the  state  and  union.  I  cannot, 
therefore,  any  longer  recognize  you  or  them  as  members  of  the  demo- 
cratic state  committee,  and  must  respectfully  decline  to  accede  to 
your  request.  I  shall  continue  to  act  with  the  regular  democratic 
committee,  and  the  organization  of  the  party  in  this  state,  as  T  have 
done  all  my  life,  here  and  elsewhere. 

Upon  the  receipt  of  this  reply,  the  Breckinridge  members  adopted 
the  following  preamble  and  resolution  : 

WHEREAS,  The  democratic  state  committee  of  California,  met  on 
Monday,  July  30th,  1860,  there  being  present  Joseph  P.  Hoge, 
chairman,  and  36  members  of  the  committee ;  and  whereas,  after 
due  organization  and  discussion  of  the  business,  the  committee,  by 
resolution  regularly  passed,  adjourned  to  meet  again  on  Tuesday 
morning,  July  31st,  at  10  o'clock  ;  and  whereas,  on  the  said  July 
31st,  the  committee  having  assembled  at  10  o'clock,  the  chairman 
not  being  present,  a  committee  of  three  was  appointed  to  inform  him 
that  the  committee  was  assembled  and  ready  to  proceed  to  business 


DOUGLAS  CONVENTION.  119 

and  desired  his  attendance ;  and  the  committee,  in  writing,  informed 
the  chairman  thereof ;  and  whereas,  the  said  Hoge,  in  answer,  ad- 
dressed a  note  to  the  said  committee,  designating  the  said  state  com- 
mittee as  "a  portion"  of  the  state  committee,  and  declining  further 
to  act  with  said  committee ;  now,  therefore,  be  it  resolved  by  the  dem- 
ocratic state  committee  of  California,  that  the  place  of  chairman  of 
the  state  committee  is  vacant,  by  the  refusal  of  the  said  Hoge  to  act 
as  such,  and  that  this  committee  do  elect  a  chairman. 

The  Breckinridge  members  adopted  also  the  following  resolutions: 

1.  That  the  platform  promulgated- by  the  convention  at  Baltimore, 
which  nominated   Breckinridge  and  Lane,  meets  with   our  cordial 
approval,  and  that  we  accept  it  as  the  true  exposition  of  democratic 
principles. 

2.  That  we  regard  Breckinridge  and  Lane,  for  president  and  vice- 
president,  as  the  representatives  of  the  true  national  democracy. 

3.  That  the  democracy  of  California  meet  by  delegates  in  state 
convention,  at  Sacramento,  on  Tuesday,  September  llth,  to  choose 
electors,  who  shall  support  Breckinridge  and  Lane. 

The  Douglas  committee  adopted  the  following  resolutions  on  the 
31st: 

1.  That  we  recognize  and  sustain  the  regular  candidates  of  the 
national  democratic  convention — Douglas  and  Johnson — and  approve 
the  platform  of  principles  there  adopted. 

2.  That   a    democratic   convention    be   held    at    Sacramento,    on 
Wednesday,   September  5th,   to  nominate  four  electors  of  president 
and  vice-president,  to  cast  the  vote  of  California  for   the  regularly 
nominated  candidates  of  the  national  democracy. 

The  committee  recommended  the  Adoption  of  a  test  at  the  prima- 
ries which  should  admit  all  national  and  union-loving  men  who 
would  support  Douglas.  The  county  committees  followed  the  exam- 
ple of  the  state  committee,  and  the  machinery  of  both  wings  was  in 
perfect  working  order  in  most  of  the  counties  by  the  middle  of 
August. 

The  Douglas  state  convention  met  in  the  Sixth  street  M.  E. 
church,  Sacramento,  on  September  5th,  and  was  composed  of  359 
•delegates.  It  was  called  to  order  by  J.  P.  Hoge,  chairman  of  the 
state  committee,  and  I.  N.  Quinn  was  elected  temporary,  and  after- 
ward permanent,  president.  The  vice-presidents  were  Alfred  Red- 


120       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

ington,  Myron  Norton,  John  Middleton,  J.  N.  Hill,  J.  W.  Denver, 
S.  S.  Lewis,  and  K  T.  Sprague.  The  committee  on  resolutions 
consisted  of  G.  F.  Price,  J.  W.  Denver,  John  Conness,  E.  Garter, 
E.  Oasserly,  J.  W.  McCorkle,  E.  D.  Wheeler,  George  S.  Evans,  Alex. 
Deering,  W.  S.  Long,  and  others.  On  the  6th  the  following  resolu- 
tions were  reported  and  adopted  : 

1.  That  the  democracy  of  California,   in  convention  assembled, 
relying  upon  the  justice  and  patriotism  of  the  people,  reiterate  their 
firm  determination  to  stand  by,  and  maintain  in  all  their  integrity, 
the  wise,  just,  and  liberal  principles  enunciated  in  the  Cincinnati 
platform  by  the  democratic  party  in  1856,  and  reaffirmed  by  it  at 
Charleston  in  1860;  and  also  the  following  resolutions,  adopted  at 
Charleston  and  Baltimore  by  the  national  democratic  organization, 
to- wit : 

a.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  the  United  States  to  afford  ample  and 
complete   protection   to  all  its  citizens,   at   home    or   abroad,  and 
whether  native  or  foreign  born. 

b.  That  one  of  the  necessities  of  the  age,  in  a  military,  commer- 
cial, and   postal  point  of  view,  is  speedy  communication  between 
the   Atlantic  and  Pacific  states,  and  the  democratic  party  pledge 
themselves  to  such   a  constitutional  enactment  as  will  ensure  the 
construction  of  a  railroad  to  the  Pacific  coast  at  the  earliest  practi- 
cable period. 

c.  That  the  democratic  party  are  in  favor  of  the  acquisition  of 
the  island  of  Cuba,  on  such  terms  as  shall  be  honorable  to  ourselves 
and  just  to  Spain. 

d.  That  the  enactments  of  state  legislatures  to  defeat  the  faithful 
execution  of  the  fugitive  slave  law  are  hostile  in  character,  subver- 
sive of  the  constitution,  and  revolutionary  in  their  effect. 

e.  That  it  is  in  accordance  with   the  Cincinnati  platform  that, 
during  the  existence  of  territorial  governments,  the  measures  of  re- 
striction, whatever  they  may  be,  imposed  by  the  federal  constitution 
on  the  power  of  the  territorial  legislature  over  the  subject  of  the 
domestic  relations,  as  the  same  has  been  or  shall  hereafter  be  finally 
determined  by   the  supreme  court  of  the  United   States,  should  be 
respected  by  all  good  citizens,  and   enforced  with  promptness  and 
fidelity  by  every  branch  of  the  general  government. 

2.  That  we  recognize  and  sustain  the  action  of  the  national  con- 
vention in  nominating  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  of  Illinois,  and  Herschel 
V.  Johnson,  of  Georgia,  for  the  offices  of  president  and  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  as  in  accordance  with  the  usages  and 


DOUGLAS  CONVENTION.  121 

discipline  of  the  democratic  party;  and,  as  such  nominees,  they  are 
entitled  to  the  support  of  all  good  democrats ;  and  believing  the 
platform  adopted  by  the  convention  which  nominated  them  to  be 
patriotic,  national  and  sound — being  the  same,  in  fact,  as  that  upon 
which  the  great  political  battle  of  1856  was  fought  and  won  by  the 
democracy  of  the  whole  nation — we  will  give  them  a  hearty  support 
at  the  next  November  election. 

3.  That  the  compromise  measures  of  1850  were  intended  as  a  full 
and  final  settlement  of  the  slavery  question  in  congress,  as  is  fully 
evidenced  by  the  endorsement  given  them,  in  1852,  by  the  whig  and 
democratic  national  conventions,  and  we  deprecate  any  interference 
calculated   to  disturb  that  settlement ;  and  we  repeat  with  renewed 
energy  the  following  resolution  adopted  by  the  state  convention  of 
1859,  which   nominated   Milton   S.    Latham   for  Governor,  to-wit : 
(Here  followed  the  second  resolution  adopted   by  the  Lecompton 
convention  of  June  22,  1859.) 

4.  That  we  repudiate  and  disavow  the  action  of  that  portion  of 
the  California   delegation  which  withdrew  from   the  late  national 
convention  at  Charleston  and  Baltimore  (excepting  from  this  cen- 
sure Major  John  Bidwell,  the  only  one  among  them  who  has  as  yet 
disavowed  that  act),  and  that  we  never  can  and  never  will  acknowl- 
edge the  right  of  a  minority  of  the  members  of  a  convention  to  break 
up  and  destroy  the  democratic  party  organization. 

5.  That  we  are  opposed  to  all  sectionalism  which  would  tend  in 
any  way  to  disturb  the  harmony  of  our  federal  union,  no  matter 
whether  it  comes  in  the  shape  of  northern  congressional  intervention 
for  the  prohibition  of  slavery  in  the  territories,  or  of  southern  con- 
gressional intervention  for  the  maintenance  of  slavery  in  the  terri- 
tories. 

6.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  a  homestead  bill,  the  establishment  of 
a  daily  overland  mail,  the  building  of  an  overland  telegraph,  and  a 
Pacific  railroad,  and  that  there  is  no  constitutional  objection  to  con- 
gress extending  such  aid  as  will  ensure  the  speedy  construction  of 
such  road. 

7.  That  in  the  judgment  of  this  convention  the  title  of  the  United 
States  to  the  island  of  San  Juan,  on  our  northwest  coast,  is  as  good 
as  it  is  to  the  District  of  Columbia  ;  that  the  recent  history  of  our 
territorial  relations  with  England  in  that  quarter  may  well  make  us 
fear  that  the  delays  of  diplomacy  are  full  of  danger  to  our  rights. 
That  the  man  or  the  administration  that  will  allow  a  grasping  power 
a  second  time  to  overreach  us  on  that  coast  will  merit  and  receive 
the  lasting  indignation  of  the  American  people. 


122       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

8.  That  excessive,  wasteful,  and  special  legislation  has  been  the 
bane  of   California,  and  has  imposed  upon  the  people  a  burden  of 
taxation  which  is  almost  intolerable.     That  these  evils  should  be 
corrected,  and  the  business  of  legislation  be  restored  to  the  demo- 
cratic basis  of  inflexible  opposition  to  a  large  public  debt ;  to  the 
granting  of  special  privileges  to  the  few  at  the  expense  of  the  many  ; 
to  the  extravagant  expenditure  of  the  public  moneys  ;  that  this  much 
needed  reform  cannot  be  withheld  without  wrong  to  the  state  and  a 
violation  of  the  plain  duty  of  the  representative  to  the  constituent, 
and  of  the  true  policy  and  cardinal  principles  of  the  democratic 
party. 

9.  That  it  is  imperatively  necessary  for  the  true  interests  of  the 
state  that  the  legislature   should   use  all  constitutional   power  to 
increase  the  public  school  fund  and  advance  the  interests  of  educa- 
tion, believing,  as  we  do,  that  upon  the  education  of  the  people  de- 
pends the  advancement  and  honor  of  the  state. 

10.  That  we  cordially  endorse  the  administration  of  Governor 
John  G.  Downey,  as  eminently  calculated  to  advance  the  true  inter- 
ests of  California. 

11.  That  we  heartily  endorse  the  action  of  the  democratic  state 
central  committee,  presided  over  by  J.  P.  Hoge,  and  recognize  their 
action  in  calling  this  convention  as  right,  proper,  and  democratic. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  George  S.  Evans,  and  laid 
on  the  table  : 

12.  That,  in  the  opinion  of  this  convention,  it  is  the  imperative 
duty  of  our  state  legislature  to  exercise  all  its  constitutional  power 
to  prevent  the  further  immigration  of  coolies  or  Chinese  to  our  state. 

The  following  preamble  and  resolution  was  also  laid  on  the  table : 

WHEREAS,  the  time  has  arrived  in  the  affairs  of  our  state  for  a 
decided  expression  of  the  democratic  party  regarding  the  propriety 
and  necessity  of  a  bulkhead  for  the  city  and  county  of  San  Fran- 
cisco;  and  whereas,  the  whole  and  every  part  of  the  state  is  equally 
interested  with  the  city  of  San  Francisco  upon  this  subject ;  there- 
fore, 

Resolved,  That  this  convention  deem  it  expedient  and  proper  to 
express  its  opposition  to  any  and  all  plans  for  a  bulkhead  for  the 
harbor  of  San  Francisco  until  such  time  as  a  legal  and  scientific  sur- 
vey by  proper  engineers  can  be  made. 

George  F.  Price,  Humphrey  Griffith,  Richard  P.  Hammond,  and 
Pablo  de  la  Guerra  were  nominated  for  presidential  electors,  over 


BRECKINRIDGE   CONVENTION.  123 

John  R.  McConnell,  Jesse  S.  Pitzer,  S.  H.  Dosh,  and  0.  T.  Ryland. 
No  alternate  electors  were  nominated.  A  state  committee  was  ap- 
pointed, consisting  of  J.  W.  McCorkle,  T.  B.  Shannon,  P.  E.  Conner, 
B.  Shurtleff,  George  F.  Price,  J.  G.  McOallum,  A.  St.  C.  Denver, 
John  Conness,  J.  T.  Ryan,  M.  Norton,  A.  B.  Dibble,  John  Caldwell, 
R.  C.  Poland,  A.  Redington,  W.  B.  Hunt,  D.  D.  Oolton,  J.  P.  Hogey 
J.  Middleton,  L.  Haskell,  R.  C.  Page,  P.  W.  Keyser,  I.  N.  Quinn, 
T.  B.  Reardon,  C.  E.  DeLong,  and  others. 

The  Breckinridge  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  Septem- 
ber llth,  and  was  called  to  order  by  Charles  Lindley,  of  the  state 
committee.  Thomas  J.  Henley  was  elected  temporary  chairman. 
A  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed,  consisting  of  John  B. 
Weller,  D.  W.  Gelwicks,  W.  C.  Wallace,  Niles  Searls,  James  An- 
derson, J.  F.  Montgomery,  T,  Hayes,  E.  C.  Winchell,  0.  C.  Pratt, 
J.  S.  Dudley,  W.  J.  Hooten,  Z.  Montgomery,  H.  Gwinn,  C.  L.  Wel- 
ler, C.  Benham,  D.  E.  Buel,  T.  L.  Thompson,  W.  F.  Goad,  C.  Lind- 
ley, and  P.  L.  Edwards.  On  the  12th,  John  B.  Weller  was  elected 
president,  and  J.  L.  Brent,  J.  C.  Duncan,  S.  B.  McKee,  0.  C.  Hall, 
J.  P.  Hardy,  D.  Fairchild,  F.  L.  Aud,  Joseph  Walkup,  D.  W.  Con- 
nelly, E.  C.  Winchell,  A.  T.  Laird,  and  others  vice-presidents.  -Sen- 
ators Gwin  and  Latham,  who  were  present,  were  invited  to  seats  on 
the  platform.  Antonio  F.  Coronel,  Vincent  E.  Geiger,  Zach.  Mont- 
gomery, and  A.  P.  Dudley  were  nominated  for  presidential  electors,, 
over  Jackson  Temple,  Horace  Smith,  Frank  Ganahl,  W.  Matthews, 
and  D.  B.  Hoffman ;  and  H.  P.  Barber,  Smith,  Ganahl,  and  Hoff- 
man were  named  for  alternate  electors.  The  following  resolutions 
were  unanimously  adopted  : 

1.  That  the   democracy  of  California,  in   convention  assembled, 
endorse  and  cordially  approve  the  platform  adopted  by  the  conven- 
tion which  nominated  John  C.   Breckinridge  and  Joseph  Lane,  as 
a  just  exposition  of  the  true  principles  of  the  true  national   dem- 
ocracy. 

2.  That  the  administration  of  James  Buchanan  has  met  the  just 
expectations  of  the  country  by  its  patriotism,  firmness  and  loyalty 
to  the  constitution. 

3.  That  we  congratulate  the  people  of  this  state  upon  the  passage 
through   the   Senate  of  the  United   States  of  a  bill   to  establish  a 
daily  overland  mail  on  the  central  routes;  and  respectfully,  but  earn- 
estly, request  Scott  and  Burch  to  urge  its  passage  through  the  house 
of  representatives  at  an  early  day  in  the  next  session  of  congress. 


1  24       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

4.  That  we  earnestly  recommend  to  the  county  committees  of  the 
several  counties  of  this  state  to  have  ballots  prepared   favoring  the 
calling  of  a  constitutional  convention. 

5.  That  this  convention  do  most  cordially  endorse  and  approve  of 
the  action  of  the  state  democratic  central  committee,  presided  over 
by  Chas.  Lindley,  at  its  recent  meeting  in  San  Francisco. 

6.  That  we  enter  into  the  present  contest  with  an  enthusiasm 
worthy  of  our  cause,  and  the  watchwords  "Pacific  Railroad,"  "Daily 
Overland  Mail,"  "Mail  Steamships  to  China  and  Japan,"  and  the 
"Annexation  of  all  the  Territory  we  can  Honorably  Acquire"  inscribed 
upon  our  banner. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  H.  0.  Smith,  J.  E. 
N.  Lewis,  D.  W.  Gel  wicks,  John  Daggett,  E.  J.  C.  Kewen,  J.  A. 
Watson,  0.  H.  Mitchell,  W.  J.  Hooten,  Chas.  Lindley,  H.  C.  Pat- 
rick, R.  A.  Redman,  John  H.  Wise,  T.  L.  Thompson,  J.  J.  Kend- 
rick,  Z.  Montgomery,  Thos.  Hayes,  J.  P.  Haven,  C.  Benham,  Jas. 
Ha  worth  and  others. 

On  May  21,  1860,  information  was  received  of  the  nomination  of 
John  Bell  and  Edward  Everett  by  the  union  convention,  but  no  ac- 
tion was  taken  to  organize  the  party  in  California  until  July  26th, 
when  a  meeting  for  that  purpose  was  held  at  Sacramento,  which  was 
presided  over  by  A.  P.  Catlin.  A  county  committee  was  chosen, 
arid  resolutions  adopted  recommending  that  the  friends  of  the  union 
party  organize  and  send  delegates  to  a  state  convention  to  be  held 
at  Sacramento  on  September  5th,  to  nominate  an  electoral  ticket. 
Similar  meetings  were  held  elsewhere  in  the  state  shortly  afterward, 
and  on  August  10th  a  call  was  issued,  signed  by  citizens  of  the 
counties  of  San  Francisco,  Placer,  Nevada,  Tulare,  Santa  Cruz,  Ala- 
meda,  Napa,  Solano  and  Sacramento,  also  calling  the  state  conven- 
tion for  September  5th.  Among  the  signers  to  this  call  were  D.  O. 
Shattuck,  T.  HJSfilh^ J.  B.  Crockett,  H.  R.  Hawkins,  W.  B.  Lyon, 
J.  D.  Carr,  E.  Gibbons,  R.  D.  Hopkins,  J.  M.  Dudley,  G.  W.  Bowie, 
J.  Neely  Johnson,  A.  P.  Catlin,  H.  O.  Beatty  and  David  Meeker. 
Pursuant  to  these  calls  the  union  state  convention  met  in  the  M.  E. 
church  (south),  Sacramento,  on  September  5th.  Twenty  six  counties 
were  represented,  and  309  delegates  had  been  elected.  The  conven- 
tion was  called  to  order  by  D.  O.  Shattuck,  and  W.  R.  Longley  was 
elected  temporary  chairman.  On  permanent  organization,  Shattuck 
was  president ;  and  S.  B.  Woodin,  John  Anderson,  J.  W.  Smith,  J. 


UNION  CONVENTION.  125 

W.  Porter  and  E.  Gibbons  vice-presidents.  The  committee  on 
resolutions  consisted  of  H.  R.  Hawkins,  H.  0.  Beatty,  J.  E.  Wain- 
wright,  A.  P.  Catlin  and  others.  The  following  resolutions  were 
unanimously  adopted  : 

1.  That  we  cordially  endorse,  and  will  earnestly  support  the  nom- 
inations of  John  Bell,  of  Tennessee,  and  Edward  Everett,  of  Massa- 
chusetts, for  the  offices  of  president  and  vice-president  of  the  United 
States. 

2.  That  we  reaffirm  and  endorse  the  resolutions  adopted  at  the 
national  union  convention,  held  at  ^Baltimore,  on  the   10th  day  of 
May,  1860,  which  are  as  follows  : 

WHEREAS,  Experience  has  demonstrated  that  platforms,  adopted 
by  the  partisan  conventions  of  the  country,  have  had  the  effect  to 
mislead  and  deceive  the  people,  and  at  the  same  time  to  widen  the 
political  divisions  of  the  country,  by  the  creation  and  encourage- 
ment of  geographical  and  sectional  parties  ;  therefore,  resolved,  that 
it  is  both  the  part  of  patriotism  and  of  duty  to  recognize  no  political 
principles  other  than  the  constitution  of  the  country,  the  union  of 
the  states,  and  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  ;  and  that,  as  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  constitutional  union  men  of  the  country,  in  national 
convention  assembled,  we  hereby  pledge  ourselves  to  maintain,  pro- 
tect, and  defend,  separately  and  unitedly,  these  great  principles  of 
public  liberty  and  national  safety  against  all  enemies,  at  home  and 
abroad,  believing  that  thereby  peace  may  once  more  be  restored  to 
the  country,  and  the  just  rights  of  the  people  and  of  the  states  re- 
established, and  the  government  again  placed  in  that  condition  of 
justice,  fraternity,  and  equality,  which,  under  the  example  and  con- 
stitution of  our  fathers,  has  solemnly  bound  every  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  to  maintain  a  more  perfect  union,  establish  justice, 
insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the  common  defense,  pro- 
mote the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  our- 
selves and  our  posterity. 

3.  That  the  above  resolutions  are  suggestive  of  the  whole  duty  of 
every  citizen  and  patriot,  and  we  cordially  invite  conservative  men 
of  all  parties  to  unite  with  us  in  their  support. 

4.  That  this  convention  recommend  a  complete  organization  of 
the  union  constitutional  party  throughout  the  state,  and  the  nomi- 
nation of  full  legislative  tickets  in  the  several  counties  and  districts. 

J.  B.  Crockett,  G.  W.  Bowie,  Phineas  L.  Miner,  and  James  H. 
Lander  were  nominated  for  presidential  electors,  without  opposition. 
On  the  6th,  A.  M.  Rosborough,  Dr.  E.  Gibbons,  R.  H.  Daly,  and 


126      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

W.  R.  Longley  were  nominated  for  alternate  electors.  A  state  com- 
mittee was  selected,  consisting  of  J.  E.  Wainwright,  G.  H.  Hosse- 
fross,  M.  M.  Noah,  A.  P.  Catlin,  David  Meeker,  James  Queen,  R. 
H.  McDonald,  E.  Gibbons,  C.  E.  Filkins,  Jesse  D.  Carr,  A.  M.  Ste- 
venson, H.  R,.  Hawkins,  A.  M.  Rosborough,  and  others. 

The  campaign  was  conducted  with  great  vigor  by  the  advocates  of 
Lincoln,  Douglas,  and  Breckinridge,  but  the  Bell  men  cut  very  lit- 
tle figure,  as  it  was  evident  from  the  outset  that  there  was  no  hope 
? vf/  for  them.  Wideawake  clubs,  in  the  interest  of  the  republican 
ticket,  and  little  giant  clubs,  in  the  interest  of  the  Douglas  ticket, 
f  were  organized,  and  their  parades  with  torches  in  the  cities  lent 
much  to  the  general  enthusiasm.  The-principal  campaign  speakers 
were :  for  Breckinridge — W.  M.  Gwin,  S.  Heydenfeldt,  W.  C. 
Stratton,  Z.  Montgomery,  M.  S.  Latham,  A.  P.  Dudley,  H.  P.  Bar- 
ber, Horace  Smith,  J.  B.  Weller,  B.  F.  Washington,  and  Frank 
.  Tilford ;  for  Douglas — J.  G.  Downey,  John  Nugent,  J.  R.  McCon- 
nell,  J.  A.  McDougall,  J.  W.  McCorkle,  H.  Griffith,  R.  P.  Ham- 
mond, and  G.  F.  Price;  for  Lincoln — Thos.  Fitch,  0.  A.  Tuttle,  L.- 
Stanford, George  Cadwalader,  W.  H.  Weeks,  Nathan  Porter,  G.  11 
Tingley,  CL_Oole,_  A.  A.  Sargent,  Alex.  Campbell,  F.  M.  Pixley,  J. 
A.  Nunes,  Wilson  Flint,  and  I.  P.  Randall.  Early  in  September  a 
movement  was  inaugurated  in  San  Francisco  to  nominate  a  people's 
independent  ticket  for  the  local  offices,  and  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed at  a  public  meeting  to  make  selection  of  the  candidates  and 
in  October  the  ticket  was  announced.  On  the  20th  of  that  month 
the  republican  county  convention  endorsed  the  people's  ticket,  and 
two  days  later  the  Bell  convention  followed  the  same  course ;  but 
some  of  the  straight-out  republicans,  being  dissatisfied  with  the  ac- 
tion of  their  convention,  nominated  a  full  local  ticket  for  the  party. 
This  action  engendered  bad  blood,  and  on  October  31st  the  republi- 
can county  committee  held  a  meeting  which  broke  up  in  a  row, 
growing  out  of  an  attempt  by  the  straights  to  oust  from  their  seats 
such  committeemen  as  had  endorsed  the  people's  movement.  The 
intervention  of  the  police  was  necessary  to  quell  the  disturbance. 
On  October  26th,  the  Breckinridge  and  Douglas  democrats  in  that 
city  fused  on  the  local  nominations.  The  division  in  the  republican 
party  did  not  extend  beyond  San  Francisco,  and  a  thorough  and 
effective  organization  .was  early  effected  in  all  parts  of  the  state.  In 
October  an  imposing  display  was  made  by  the  republicans  at  San 
Francisco  in  honor  of  the  election  of  E.  D.  Baker  to  the  United 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION.  127 

Be 

States  senate  from  Oregon.  The  new  senator  arrived  in  that  city 
on  the  18th,  on  his  way  to  Washington,  and  a  grand  reception  was 
given  him  under  the  auspices  of  the  republican  state  committee. 
On  the  21st  intelligence  was  received  of  republican  successes  in 
Pennsylvania,  Indiana,  and  Ohio,  and  it  resulted  in  numerous  acces- 
sions to  the  ranks  of  that  party.  The  Douglas  organs  charged  that 
the  Breckinridge  strength  was  to  be  given  to  elect  Lincoln,  as  the 
only  means  of  carrying  the  state  against  their  candidate,  and  there 
is  little  doubt  that  the  Breckinridge  leaders  preferred  the  election 
of  the  republican  rather  than  that  of  Douglas,  in  what  they  regarded 
as  a  choice  between  two  evils.  That  they  were  not  admirers  of  Lin- 
coln is  evidenced  by  a  speech  delivered  in  San  Jose  in  October,  by 
ex-Governor  Weller,  when  he  said : 

I  do  not  know  whether  Lincoln  will  be  elected  or  not;  but  I  do 
know  that  if  he  is  elected,  and  attempts  to  carry  out  his  doctrine, 
the  south  will  surely  withdraw  from  the  union ;  and  T  should  con- 
sider them  less  than  men  if  they  did  not. 

The  election  was  held  on  November  6th,  and  the  official  canvass 
of  the  votes,  made  on  December  4th,  exhibited  the  following  result  : 

For  Presidential  Electors — Lincoln — Washburn,  38,733;  Weeks, 
38,720;  Tuttle,  38,734;  Pico,  38,699.  Douglas— Hammond,  37,- 
999;  Griffith,  38,023;  de  la  Guerra,  37,957;  Price,  37,959.  Breckin- 
ridge— Coronel,  33,969 ;  Geiger,  33,970 ;  Montgomery,  33,970 ; 
Dudley,  33,975.  Bell— Crockett,  9,111;  Bowie,  9,110;  Miner, 
9,136;  Lander,  9,098. 

Constitutional  Convention — For,  59,732;  against,  12,481. 

State  Debt—Pay,  62,514;  repudiate,  8,763. 

The  proposition  to  call  a  constitutional  convention  was  therefore 
again  defeated.  The  republican  electors  met  in  the  capitol,  in  Sacra- 
mento, on  December  5th,  and  cast  the  vote  of  the  state  for  Lincoln 
and  Hamlin,  and  after  four  ballotings,  selected  Weeks,  as  the  mes- 
senger, to  convey  the  returns  to  Washington. 


128       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

1861.  Secession  of  the  South — Union  Resolutions — Condition  of  the 
Democratic  Party — Union  Mass  Meeting — Breckinridge  Conven- 
tion— Republican  Convention — Douglas  Convention. 

On  November  14th,  the  intelligence  arrived  from  the  east  of  the 
election  of  Lincoln,  and  the  southern  sympathizers  in  the  state 
regarding  the  secession  of  the  south  as  inevitable,  talked  boldly  of 
the  possibility  of  erecting  a  Pacific  republic  from  California,  Oregon, 
and  the  adjoining  territories.  The  San  Francisco  Herald,  on 
November  28th,  editorially  suggested  the  establishment  of  such  a 
republic.  The  advocates  of  a  Pacific  republic  were,  however,  few 
in  California,  and  they  were  confined  to  the  extreme  secession  sym- 
pathizers in  the  ranks  of  the  Breckinridge  party.  Senator  Latham 
saw  the  handwriting  on  the  wall  in  the  result  of  the  election  in  the 
state,  and  made  haste  to  retract  his  declaration  that  California 
would  leave  the  union,  in  a  speech  which  he  delivered  in  the 
United  States  senate,  in  December,  1860,  and  which  was  published 
in  this  state,  on  the  31st  of  that  month.  In  the  course  of  his 
remarks  on  that  occasion,  he  said : 

I  arise  to  correct  a  false  impression  upon  the  public  mind,  as  I 
have  seen  it  published  in  several  leading  journals  of  the  country,  as 
to  the  attitude  of  California  in  the  present  crisis.  It  has  been  said, 
and  by  many  believed,  that,  in  the  event  of  the  secession  of  several 
of  the  states  of  the  union,  California  would  avail  herself  of  the 
opportunity  to  declare  her  own  independence,  and  in  conjunction 
with  the  other  territories  of  the  United  States  on  the  Pacific,  would 
form  a  Pacific  republic.  There  is  not  a  word  of  truth  in  this  idea, 
and  it  does  great  injustice  to  the  people  of  that  state.  The  union 
has  no  more  loyal  subjects  than  the  people  of  California ;  and  out  of 
her  half  million  population,  I  believe  there  are  not  many  who  are 
for  disunion  in  any  shape.  California  will  remain  in  the  union  as 
it  is  and  as  it  may  be.  And  if,  as  seems  now  to  be  conceded,  the 
cotton  states  withdraw  from  the  union,  and  are  eventually  followed 
by  all  the  southern  states,  California,  I  am  certain,  will  still  remain 
with  the  great  west  and  the  north,  with  whom  she  is  identified.  In 
addressing  this  body,  on  April  16th^  1860,  I  foreshadowed  the  idea 
of  a  Pacific  republic  upon  the  dissolution  of  the  existing  union.  I 
am  satisfied,  upon  more  mature  reflection,  to  say  the  least,  I  was 
premature.  For,  whatever  jiiaxJbe^J3MLi)^Jv-  opiftioa-of  Jjie  right  or 


SECESSION  OF  THE  SOUTH.  129 

wrong  of  the  present_agitating  question^r-a  question-in  which  -CalU 
fornia  has  noj^tyipg"*  ™*  vifol  interest — T  frrl  it  my  hnnnffm 
to  thus  give,  not  only  my  own  opinion,  but,  as  one  nf  h*"1  raprpe 
tives,  to  state  what  I  believe  to  be  the  voice  of  her  majority.     There 

is    but    One    thing  which  will    Or    na.TT_a]fcpa.t.fl    t.hft    a.flfap.HnTiH    nf    the 

people  of  the  Pnn'firjfrnm__thr  union  nfi  it  it,  pr  as  it  may  be,  and 
jjIunTto  give  them  a  Pacific  railroad,  and,  until  that  is 
completed,  overland  mail  facilities.  Upon  this  question,  they  are 
clamorous,  urgent,  unanimous ;  and,  since  the  great  west  and  north 
are  thoroughly  committed  to  this  material  idea,  their  loyalty  cannot 
be  questioned. 

It  was  understood  that  Senator  Gwin  favored  the  establishment  /  ) 
of  a  Pacific  republic  in  the  event  of  the  secession  of  the  south.     On 
January  3d,  the  San  Francisco  Herald  published  a  lengthy  letter 
from  Congressman  Burch,  addressed  to  Chas.  R.  Street,  and  dated 
at   Washington,  on   November   22d,    1860.      In   the    letter,  BurdT" 
said  : 

Our  government  has  fallen  upon  strange  times.  The  dissolution 
of  the  union,  which  but  a  short  time  ago  seemed  to  be  too  far  away 
in  the  future  for  me  to  give  it  even  a  passing  thought,  is  now 
regarded  not  only  with  gravity  and  seriousness,  but  it  is  looked  upon 
by  many  wiser  heads  than  mine  as  a  fixed  fact.  *  *  *  It  is 
not  unreasonable  to  conclude  that  they  (the  southern  leaders)  may 
possibly  prosecute  successfully  the  work  of  disunion  in  which  they 
are  so  earnestly  engaged. 

He  hoped  they  would  recede  from  the  position  they  had  taken,  and 
said  he  would  lose  no  opportunity  to  restore  peace  to  the  country, 
and  to  reconcile  and  reunite  our  estranged  and  maddened  brethren 
of  the  north  and  south.  He  held  that  it  was  the  duty  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  Pacific  coast,  who  were  removed  from  the  scene  of 
strife  to  use  their  utmost  exertions  to  prevent  disunion,  and  sug- 
gested that  it  would  be  well  for  the  people  of  California,  Oregon, 
New  Mexico,  Washington,  and  Utah  to  seek  refuge  for  themselves 
from  the  blighting  effects  of  disunion  and  civil  war  by  retiring  and 
establishing  a  prosperous,  happy,  and  successful  republic  oil  the 
Pacific  slope,  to  which  they  and  our  brethren  here  may.  look~-£or 
peace  and  quiet  for  themselves  and  their  children  when  such  Jjless- 
ings  are  no  longer  tolerated  near  the  Atlan.tiu,  along  the  Ohio,  nor 
even  in  the  broad  valley  of  the  Mississippi.  He  pictured  the  pros- 
pective republic  in  these  glowing  t^ 


130       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  people  of  California  and  her  neighbors  should  be  of  one  mind 
on  this  subject,  and  be  prepared  for  the  emergency ;  and  if  the  "fates" 
should  force  us  to  this  last  sad  resort,  let  us,  with  a  disposition  to 
welcome  all  who  come  to  us  from  our  "old  homes"  seeking  an  asylum, 
ise  aloft  the  flag  of  the  "bear,"  surrounded  with  the  hydra-pointed 
ctus  of  the  western  wilds,  and  call  upon  the  enlightened  nations 
the  earth  to  acknowledge  our  independence,  and  to  protect  us,  the 
nly  "waif"  from  the  wreck  of  our  once  noble  union,  the  youthful 
vigorous  Ccesarian  republic  of  the  Pacific. 

On  January    18th,  a   letter  from   Congressman   JScott,   dated  at 

Washington,  December  21,  1860,  and  addressed  to  Charles  Lindley, 

chairman  of  the  democratic  state  committee,  was  published  in  the 

»  f" Herald.    It  was  very  lengthy,  and  urged  the  formation  of  a  Pacific 

pjepublic  for  self-preservation,  in  case  of  disunion  and  civil  war.  The 

people  of  the  state  were  generally  in  favor  of  standing  by  the  federal 

government  in  the  event  of  the  secession  of  the  south,  and  "union" 

clubs    were  immediately   organized    in    every   town.      These    clubs 

passed  resolutions  declaring  the  loyalty  of  the  people  to  the  union, 

and  their  opposition  to  any  form  of  secession. 

An  important  part  of  the  history  of  the  legislature  of  1861,  was 
the  numerous  resolutions  on  the  state  of  the  union  that  were  intro- 
duced, and  the  debates  upon  them. 

On  January  18th,  in  the  senate,  C.  E.  DeLong  (Douglas)  intro- 
duced the  following  resolutions : 

1.  That  it  is  proper  that  the  legislature  of   California  should,  at 
this  time,  give  expression  to  the  sentiments  with  which  the  people 
of  the  state  are  inspired  by  the  unhappy  events  which  are  occurring 
within  these  United  States. 

2.  That  California  cherishes  a  loyal  devotion  to  the  union.     Our 
mor  and  our  pride  are  in  its  flag.     Our  safety  and.jo,ur_prosper4ty^ 

mtinuanee.     Through  a  glorious  and  beneficent 
history  we  trace  our  rights  and   liberties  to  the  founders  of  the 
ion,  and  with  its  destruction  would   go  down  our  hopes  of  their 
preservation. 

3.  That  California  will  never  despair  of  the  union. 

4.  That,  remote  from  the  scenes  and  unaffected  by  the  causes  of 
the^trife  of  sections,  with  a  population  drawn  from  every  state,  who 
entertain  all  opinions,  and  yet  upon  her  soil  are  bound  together  by 
a  common  allegiance,  California,  by  her  position,  by  the  feelings  of 
her  people  no  less  than  by  her  interests,  is  called  to  assume  the  part 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  131 

of  a  peacemaker,  and  to  labor  to  restore  harmony  to  the  states  from 
which  she  has  sprung,  and  of  whose  might  in  union  she  is  the  noblest 
monument. 

5.  That  California,  with  an  unbroken  faith  in  the  power  of  reason 
and  justice,  and  in  the  efficacy  of  peaceful  measures,  will   recognize 
no  policy  but  the  preservation  of  the  union  in  all  its  parts,  and  the 
enforcement  of  all  its  laws.     To  the  wisdom  and  patriotism  of  those 
to  whom  the  people  of  the  United  States  have  committed  the  powers 
of  government  she  entrusts  the  selection  of  the  means  necessary  to 
the  accomplishment  of  those  ends,  and  pledges  them  her  support. 

6.  That  the  governor  be  requested   to  transmit  a  copy  of  these 
resolutions  to  our   congressional  delegation,  to  apprise  them  of  the 
true  sentiments  of   their  constituents,  to  serve  as  their  instructions 
and  guide  in  all   questions  that  may  arise  for  their  consideration, 
and  that  they  may  be  informed  that  California  repudiates  the  sug- 
gestion of  a  Pacific  republic,  and  of  any  other  confederacy  than  our 
present  union,  as  fraught  with  all  the  dangers  and   mischiefs  of 
treason. 

Senator  Henry  Edgerton  (Douglas)  offered  the  following  substitute : 

1.  That  this  legislature,  and  the  people  whom  they  represent,  have 
witnessed  with  sentiments  of  the  profoundest  sorrow  the  political 
events  which  have  occurred  and  are  in  progress  of  development  in  the 
Atlantic  states  of  the  union  \  and  that  this  alarming  crisis  in  our  pub- 
lic affairs  demands  the  exercise  of  moderation,  patience,  justice,  and 
wisdom  upon  the  part  of  the  people  of  these  states  and  their  repre- 
sentatives. 

2.  That  the  people  of  California  are  devoted  to  the  union  of  these 
states ;  that  they  regard  that  union  as  the  source  of  our  prosperity, 
happiness,  and   power;  that  it  has   assured   us  peace  at  home  and 
respect~arbroati  •  that  it  has  brought  to  us  and  secured  for  us  all  the 
blessin^s-~ef-ctvil"and  religious  freedom  ;  that  under  the  government 
formed  by  that  union  the  fondest  anticipations  of  the  fathers  of  the 
republic  have  been  realized  in  a  confederacy  already  advanced  to  the 
rant  of  a  first-class  power  in  the  world,  in  the  greatest  progress  ever 
made  by  any  nation   in  the  same  period  in  population,  wealth,  and 
material  resources  and  achievements, -and  in  the  rare  union  of  the 
largest  liberty  ever  accorded  to  the  citizen,  with  sufficient  energy  in 
the  government  for  national  defense  and  self  preservation,  and  with 
the  security  to  minorities   and  individuals  of  all  rights  of  person 
and  property. 


132      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

3.  That  this  union  and  the  constitution  which  establishes  it,  were 
framed  in   the   spirit   of  compromise,  conciliation,  and  concession ; 
minor  advantages  and  considerations   being  wisely  surrendered  in 
order  to  secure  the  greater  benefits  of  a  good  and  efficient  govern- 
ment for  all  sections  of  the  confederacy;  that  in  the  nature  of  things, 
and  from  the  constitution  of  men,  it  must  have  been  expected  that 
collisions  and  disagreements  would  arise,  as  they  have  occasionally 
arisen  in  all  countries ;  and  that  to  avoid  or  to  remedy  these  disturb- 
ances, we  must  invoke  the  same  spirit  of  justice,  moderation,  and 
conciliation  to  which  the  union  owes  its  origin. 

4.  That  we  look  upon  the  dissolution  of  this  union  with  feelings 
of  horror;  that  we  prize  this  union  above  all  sordid  standards  of 
pecuniary  interest ;  that  we  love  it  and  cherish  it  with  the  unsel- 
fish affection  of  freemen  loving  and  cherishing  the  most  valued  insti- 
tution of  their  country,  and  the  sacred  heritage  of  their  fathers. 
That  if  disunion  could  be  peaceably  accomplished,  it  would  be  unwise, 
imprudent  and  impolitic,   a  rash  experiment,  because  exchanging 
happiest  political  institutions  for  other  and  untried  schemes  of  gov- 
ernment; and,  if  not  peaceably  effected,  it  would  bring  in  its  train 
a  multitude  of  evils  too  horrible  to  contemplate.     That  we  regard, 
therefore,  the  disruption  of   the  union  as  one  of  the  greatest  cala- 
mities which  could  ever  fall  upon  the  world ;  as  blighting  the  hopes 
of  freedom  and  free  men  everywhere ;  as  impairing  the  confidence  of 
patriots  in  the  capacity  of  man  for  self  rule;  as  overturning  the 
freest  and  best  of  all  governments,  and  destroying  the  most  pros- 
perous of  the  nations  of  the  earth,  and  as  putting  back  for  years, 
perhaps  for  centuries,  the  cause  of  civilization  itself,  and  of  rational 
liberty  regulated  by  law. 

5.  This  legislature — composed  themselves,  and  representing  a  con- 
stituency made  up   of  men  born  and   reared  in  every  part  of  the 
union  and  of  the  civilized  world,  of  men  of  diverse  origin,  yet  meet- 
ing as  brethren  in  daily  political  and   social  relations  with  each 
other — do  utterly  repudiate  the  notion,  sometimes  expressed,  that 
between  the  citizens  of  different  sections  or  states  of  the  American 
union  there  is  any  natural  or  other  inequality;  but,  on  the  contrary, 
neither  here  nor  elsewhere  should  there  be  made  any  discrimina- 
tion or  distinction,  political  or  social,  founded  upon  the  birthplace 
or  residence  in  a  given  state  of  any  American  citizen ;  and  we   do 
emphatically  repudiate  the  idea  that,  from  a  difference  of  interest  or 
character  between  the  people  of  the  northern  and  those  of  the  south- 
ern sections  of  the  confederacy,  there  is  any  such  incompatibility  or 
antagonism  as  to  prevent  a  continuance  of  the  union,  or  a  just  and 


UNION  RESOL  UTIONS.  1 33 

mutually  beneficial  central  government  over  the  whole ;  that,  on  the 
contrary,  the  happy  frame  of  our  system  of  state  and  federal  govern- 
ments, if  faithfully  carried  out,  would  make  of  those  very  circum- 
stantial diversities  elements  of  national  strength  and  civil  order. 

6  That  the  union  of  these  states  is  founded  upon  the  principles 
of  justice  and  equality,  upon  the  equal  right  of  every  member  of  the 
confederacy,  and  of  every  citizen  of  every  state ;  that  the  govern- 
ment instituted  for  the  whole  should  be  administered  upon  the  same 
principles,  and  that  the  union  can  only  be  preserved  by  a  faithful 
adherence  to  this  rule,  and  by  a  prompt  and  cheerful  discharge  by 
every  state  of  the  constitutional  duties  and  obligations  which  she 
owes  to  her  confederates. 

7.  That  California  has  ever  been  national  in  character  and  feeling ; 
that  she  has  resisted  all  encroachments  upon  the  just  rights  of  her 
sister  states,  because  she  deemed  it  national  to  conserve  the  rights 
of  every  part  of  the  nation ;  that  we  have  seen  with  regret  acts  and 
proceedings  in  and  of  other  states,  the  tendency  of  which  was  to 
alienate  the  affections  of  the  southern  states  from  the  union,  and  to 
produce  the  deplorable  condition  of  affairs  now  existing ;  that  in  the 
passage  of  certain  acts  called  liberty  bills,  by  several  of  the  northern 
states,  the  southern  states  have  just  cause  of  complaint,  as  of  acts  of 
hostility  to  them,  in  plain  violation  of  the  constitution,  and  tending 
directly  to  revolution  and  disunion;    that  in   the  interference  by 
states,  or  citizens  of  states,  with  the  domestic  affairs  of  other  states, 
we  recognize  a  plain  and  unwarrantable  intrusion,  which  is  not  only 
wrong  in  itself,  but  calculated  to  enfeeble  the  sacred  ties  which  bind 
the  members  of  the  confederacy  together. 

8.  That  in  the  deliberate  judgment  of  this  legislature,  there  is  no 
matter,  cause,  or  thing  between  the  southern  and   northern  states 
which  cannot  be  settled,  and  which  ought  not  to  be  settled  and  adjusted, 
in  a  spirit  of  fair  and  just  compromise;  and  that  we  approve  of  such 
settlement.       That  the  exigency  of  the  danger  now  impending  over 
us  demands  prompt,  decided,  and  patriotic  action ;  that  this  settle- 
ment should  be  thorough,  complete,  and  radical.     That  the  northern 
states  that  have  passed  unconstitutional  "liberty  bills"  should  repeal 
them ;  that  the  fugitive  slave  law  should  be  made  effectual  to  secure 
its  objects,  if  any  amendment  be  necessary ;  that  the  south  should 
be  relieved  of  any  apprehensions   in  respect  to  the  abolishing  or 
interference  with  slavery  in  the  states  or  the  District  of  Columbia. 

9.  That  we  approve  of,  and  will  abide  by  the  plan  of  adjustment 
of  the  present  difficulties  in  which  the  country  is  involved,  as  sub- 


134       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

mitted  by  the  Hon.  Stephen  A.  Douglas  in  the  United  States  senate 
on  the  24th  of  December,  1860. 

10.  That  this  confederacy  of  co-equal  states,  so  seriously  divided 
upon  these  exciting  questions,  can  only  be  preserved,  as  we  believe, 
by  a  prompt  and  patriotic  union  of  all  conservative  and   loyal  men, 
sincerely  acting;   in   concert,  and   patriotically   sacrificing   sectional 
prejudices  and  mere  pride  of  opinion  upon  the  altar  of  their  common 
country. 

11.  That  whatever  may  be,  or  may  be  supposed  to  be,  the  wrongs 
and  grievances  of  any  of  the   members   of    the  confederacy,  such 
wrongs  should  be  redressed  within  the  union,  and  by  the  means  the 
constitution  has  provided  for  that  purpose. 

12.  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  legislature,  and  of  the  constituency 
it  represents,  that  the  constitution  is  the  fundamental  law  of  the 
land,  sovereign  and  supreme  within  its  own  sphere,  operating  di- 
rectly upon  each  individual  citizen  of  the  republic,  and  justly  exact- 
ing an  implicit  obedience   to  all  its  provisions  and  requirements. 
That  the  union  of  these   states,  under  the  constitution  as  it  now 
exists,  or  may  be  hereafter  amended,  must  be  preserved  ;  and  that 
the  people  of  this  state  will  steadfastly  stand  by  the  general  govern- 
ment in  the  exercise  of  every  constitutional  power  to  uphold  and 
sustain  both  in  all  their  integrity,  and  in  the  enforcement  of  the 
federal  laws. 

13.  That  our  representatives  in  congress  have  not,  nor  have  they 
ever  had,  the  right  to  commit  the  people  of  this  state  to  any  other 
policy  than  that  of  strict  adherence  to  the  union. 

14.  That  the  governor  be  requested   to  forward  a  copy  of  these 
resolutions  to  each  of  our  representatives  in  congress,  and  to  each  of 
the  governors  of  our  sister  states. 

In  the  assembly,  on  January  19th,  G.  W.  Patrick  (Breckinridge) 
introduced  the  following : 

1.  That  we  most  heartily  concur  with  his  excellency,  John  G. 
Downey,  in   his  late  annual    message    transmitted    to  the  general 
assembly  of  California,  wherein  his  excellency  speaks  in  that  emi- 
nently union,  conservative  spirit  of  our  federal  relations. 

2.  That  "the  nullification  of  the  fugitive  slave  law,  and  the  pas- 
y  sage  of  personal  liberty  bills  by  many  of  the  sovereign  states,  cannot 

be  viewed  in  any  other  light  than  subversive  of  all  amicable  rela- 
tions between  those  states  and  that  portion  of  the  confederacy  inter- 
ested in  slave  property;  that  these  enactments  are  unconstitutional, 


UNION  RESOL  UTIONS.  \  35 

are  founded  upon  injustice  and  bad  faith,  and  are  in  violation  of  the 
federal  compact." 

3.  That  "the  estimation  in  which  California  is  held  by  both  of  the 
contending  sections,  her  citizens,  as  it  were,  being  a  congress  of  the 
whole  confederacy,  fits  her  for  a  mediator,  and  this  is  the  position 
she  desires  to  occupy." 

4.  That  while  anything  exists  worthy  of  being  called  an  Amer- 
ican union,  California  will  cling  to  it  with  patriotic  devotion  at  all 
hazards. 

Zach.  Montgomery  (Breckinridge)  offered  the  following  substi- 
tute : 

WHEREAS,  Events  which  have  recently  transpired,  and  which  are 
daily  transpiring  in  the  Atlantic  states,  leave  too  little  room  to  doubt 
that  the  American  union,  if  not  already  dissolved,  is  on  the  verge 
of  dissolution ;  and  whereas,  the  people  of  California  regard  such 
dissolution  as  a  most  direful  calamity ;  and  whereas,  we  look  upon 
the  remodelling  of  the  federal  constitution  by  a  national  constitu- 
tional convention  as  the  surest  means  of  restoring  peace  and  harmony 
to  our  distracted  country ;  therefore,  be  it  resolved  : 

1.  That  the  congress  of  the  United  States  be,  and  is  hereby  urged 
to  take  steps  for  the  calling  of  such  convention,  in  accordance  with 
the  5th  article  of  the  federal  constitution. 

2.  That  we  do  most  earnestly  invite  the  several  states  of  the  union, 
as  well  as  such  state  or  states  as  may  deem  themselves  to  have  with- 
drawn from  the  union,  to  co-operate  with  us  through  their  respective 
legislatures,  in  urging  upon  congress  the  immediate  necessity  of  call- 
ing said  convention. 

3.  That  the  present  excited  state  of  public  feeling,  both  north  and 
south,  engendered  by  reciprocal  violations,  or  threatened  violations, 
of  the  federal  laws,  calls  for  like  reciprocal  forbearance,  in  order 
that  reason  may  resume  her  sway  and  that  patriotism  may  regain 
her  wonted  place  in  the  hearts  of  the  people. 

4.  That  the  wilful   refusal   on  the  part  of  certain  of  our  sister 
states  to  surrender  fugitives  from  labor,  and  the  strenuous  and  per- 
sistent efforts  on  the  part  of  said  states  to  prevent  the  enforcement  .  , 
of  the  fugitive  slave  law,  are  palpable  infringements  of  the  constitu-    • 
tion  of  the  United  States. 

5.  That  we  deprecate  any  attempt  on  the  part  of  the  general  gov- 
ernment to  maintain  by  force  of  arms  the  federal  union,  as  against 
such  state  or  states  as  may  deem  themselves  to  have  withdrawn,  or 
as  may  hereafter  attempt  to  withdraw  from  the  union  on  account  of 


136       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

continued  and  flagrant  violation  of  their  constitutional  rights  by 
other  states ;  and  we  hold  that  any  such  attempt,  without  first 
affording  to  such  aggrieved  state  or  states  adequate  protection 
against  a  continuation  of  said  grievances,  is  to  light  the  fires  of  civil 
war  and  crush  forever  the  last  hope  of  reconciliation  between  the 
opposing  sections. 

6.  That  the  people  of  California  acknowledge  neither  the  north 
nor  the  south,  but  the  whole  (American   union,  as   their   common 
mother,  to  whom  they  are  united  not  merely  by  the  considerations 
of  interests,  but  by  the  more  enduring  ties  of  blood  and  filial  affec- 
tion. 

7.  That,  as  Oalifornians,  we  are  willing  to  stand   by  the  whole 
union,  hazarding,  if  necessary,  our   lives   and  our  fortunes  for  her 
defense  ;  but  we  are  not  prepared  to  pledge  our  allegiance  to  either  a 
northern  or  a  southern  fragment  of  a  dismembered  confederacy,  nor 
will  we  ever  consent  to  become  the  ally  of  one  section  in  waging  a 
fratricidal  war  against  another  section  of  our  common  country. 

Charles  Crocker  (republican)  offered  the  following  substitute  for 
the  substitute : 

1.  That  the  constitution  of  the  United   States  is  not  a  mere  con- 
federacy or  compact  between  the  several  states,  but  is  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  government  proper,  and  creates  direct  relations  between 
the  federal  government  and   the  people  of  all   the  states  ;  that   no 
state,  either  by  convention  or  otherwise,  has  power  to  dissolve  those 
relations,  and  therefore  any  attempt  by  a  state  to  secede  from   the 
union  is  unconstitutional  and  revolutionary. 

2.  That   it  is  the  duty  of  the  president  of  the  United   States  to 
take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed,  and  to  preserve,  pro- 
tect and   defend   the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  to  pre- 
serve the  public  ports,  arsenals  and  other  property  from  all  attempts 
to  wrest  them  from  the  general  government ;  and   it  is  his  duty  to 
use  all  the  power  vested  in  him  to  accomplish  these  purposes. 

3.  That  while  we  would  rejoice  to  have  the  state  of  South  Caro- 
lina withdraw  from  the  union,  should  her  citizens  on  a  free  and  fair 
vote  elect  so  to  do,  yet,  as  such  withdrawal  cannot  be  effected  with- 
out a  breach  of  the  constitution  and  a  revolution  subversive  of  this 
glorious  fabric  of  our  national  union,  we  are,  therefore,  opposed  to 
all  acts  and  proceedings  sanctioning  such  a  withdrawal. 

4.  That  the  election   of  any   person  as   president  of  the  United 
States,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  constitution,  affords 
no  just  ground  of  complaint  on  the  part  of  those  defeated  in  such 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  137 

election;  and   this  state  will   oppose  all   attempts  of  such   defeated 
minority  to  subvert  and  destroy  the  federal  union. 

5.  That  California  will  stand  by  the  constitution  framed  by  the 
fathers  of  our  republic  and  union,  and  cemented  by  the  blood  of  our 
revolutionary  sires,  so  long  as  any  state  will  unite  with  her  in  its 
support.  In  the  words  of  our  heroic  Jackson  :  "the  federal  union — 
it  must  be  preserved." 

On  January  22d,  Caleb  Burbank  (republican)  offered  the  following 
resolutions  in  the  senate  : 

1.  That  the  people  of  California  regard   the   present  as  a  fitting 
time,  and  a  proper  occasion,  to  avow  their  sentiments  clearly,  boldly, 
and  respectfully,  upon  the  extraordinary  and  unprecedented  attempts 
to  destroy  the  integrity  of  the  American  union. 

2.  That  in  the  judgment  of  the  people  of  California,  our  national 
government   has  in  it  the  vested  power  to  enact  laws,  and  also  the 
rightful  power  and  authority  to  carry  into  complete  execution  the 
laws  it  may  make,  and  that  without  such  power  of  enactment  and 
execution,  there  can  be  no  national  government. 

3.  That  no  state  in  the  confederacy  has  the  right  to  secede  from 
the  union  or  to  nullify  any  law  duly  enacted  by  the  congress  of  the 
United  States. 

4.  That  no  nation  can  be  entitled  to  respect  among  the  nations  of 
the  earth,  or  be  worthy  of  the  love  and  confidence  of  its  own  citi- 
zens, without   a   due  observance  of  its  laws  is  required   and  main- 
tained. 

5.  That  the   multiplied   blessings  enjoyed   by  the   people  of  this 
union,  from  the  beginning  of  our  government   to  the  present  time, 
show  most  clearly  to  us  and  to  the  civilized  world,  the  wisdom  and 
foresight   of  our   fathers   who  ordained  this  government,   and    the 
statesmanship  and  patriotism  of  their  descendants,  who  through  suc- 
cessive generations  have  nobly  sustained  their  government  and  trans- 
mitted its  blessings  to  the   present  generation  of  thirty  millions  of 
people,  now  the  most  happy  and  prosperous  of  any  nation  of  people 
upon  the  habitable  globe. 

6.  That  it  is  the  imperative  duty  of  the  chief  executive  of  the 
general  government  to  require  of  the  people  a  due  and   proper  ob- 
servance of  the  laws  thereof  in  every  part  and  portion  of  our  com- 
mon country,  and  that  it  is  the  reasonable  duty  of  every  citizen,  in 
his  individual  capacity,  and  the  duty  of  all  the  citizens  in  each  and 
every  state,  in  their  collective  and  organic  position  as  a  state  of  the 
confederacy,  to  yield  a  ready  and  willing  compliance  with   the  laws 


138       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

of  the  general  government ;  and  that  upon  the  faithful  performance 
of  such  duty  by  the  executive,  as  well  as  upon  such  compliance  by 
the  people  and  the  states,  depend  the  integrity  of  the  union,  and 
the  happiness  of  this  great  and  glorious  nation,  whose  high  destiny 
can  be  realized  only  through  a  patriotic  devotion  to  the  principles 
of  self-government — kindred  indeed,  to  the  devotion  which  gave  to 
our  fathers  a  just,  a  glorious  and  an  immortal  renown. 

7.  That   the   people  of  California  look  with  deep  regret  and  with 
unqualified  disapprobation  upon  the  antagonism  of  South  Carolina 
to  the  constitution,  union,  and  laws  of  the  United  States. 

8.  That  the  people  of  California  are  firmly  attached  to  the  union ; 
that  they  believe  our  general   government  to  be  the  best  form  of 
government  known  among  men,  and  that,  with  this  full  belief,  they 
will  honor  it,  uphold  it,  and  maintain  it,  at  all  times,  under  all  cir- 
cumstances, and  in  every  contingency,  against  any  and  all  attempts 
to  weaken,   distract  or  to  dissolve  it — whether  such  attempts  are 
made  by  a  foreign  power,  by  domestic  insubordination,  or  by  treason- 
able infidelity  and  usurpation. 

9.  That  the  people  of  California  are  not  so  lost  to  self  respect,  so 
blind   to  their  present  and   future  interest  and  security,  or  so  un- 
patriotic and  disloyal  as  to  entertain  a  wish  or  a  thought  favorable 
to  the  unwise,  imprudent,  suicidal  and   disloyal  idea  of  a  Pacific 
republic. 

10.  That  our  congressional  representatives  are  warranted  by  their 
constituents  in  asserting  and  declaring  on  all  proper  occasions  that 
all  the  sentiments  contained  in  these  resolutions  are  the  sentiments 
of  the  people  of  California. 

On  the  same  day  J.  H.  Watson  (Douglas)  offered  the  following  in 
the  Senate  : 

1.  That  this  legislature  approves  and  affirms  the  patriotic  recom- 
mendations and  suggestions  of  his  excellency  the  governor,  for  the 
settlement  of  this  vexed   and  dangerous  question  of  disagreement 
between  the  northern  and  southern  sections  of  the  union. 

2.  That  in  order  that   a  settlement  may  be  effected,   it  is  indis- 
pensable that  no  attempt  be  made  to  coerce  any  state  or  states  by 
force  of  arms  into  submission  to  federal  authority,  since,  upon  the 
exhibition   and   exertion   of  force,  though   directed   only   against  a 
single  state,  in  the  present   temper  of  parties  north  and  south,  and 
under  existing  circumstances,  the  inevitable  effect  would  be  to  array 
the  whole  north  and  south  as  two  hostile  nations,  against  each  other; 
that  civil  war  would  ensue  between  the  sections— civil  war,  the  most 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  139 

deplorable  and  cruel  of  all  wars  at  the  best,  but  the  horrors  and 
enormities  of  which  in  this  case  would  be  aggravated  by  circum- 
stances peculiar  to  this  controversy  and  the  causes  of  it ;  that  the 
commencement  of  hostilities  will  close  the  door  forever  to  a  peace- 
ful solution  of  this  difficulty,  whether  to  be  effected  by  a  renewal 
by  the  discontented  states  of  the  connection  with  the  other  states, 
or  by  a  satisfactory  adjustment  of  questions  between  the  sections 
or  states,  upon  an  agreement  to  separate  ;  that  this  war  would  be, 
in  all  probability,  of  long  duration,  withdrawing  all  the  energies  of 
the  contending  sections  from  the  peaceful  pursuits  of  industry  to 
the  dreadful  trade  of  fratricidal  strife,  in  which  the  wealth  of  the 
north  would  be  taxed  and  exhausted  in  the  vain  attempt  to  desolate 
the  south ;  and  if  successful,  the  result  would  be  scarcely  less  de- 
plorable, by  reducing  freemen  to  slaves,  sovereign  states  to  subjugated 
provinces,  and  a  fertile  land  to  desolation.  That  federal  force,  thus 
producing  civil  war,  can  secure  no  single  purpose  for  which  it  is 
offered — since  it  is  chimerical  to  suppose  the  general  government, 
represented,  in  that  contingency,  only  by  the  northern  states,  have 
the  ability  to  conquer  the  southern  states.  And  if  this  could  be 
done,  the  conquest  must  be  preserved  and  maintained  by  immense 
standing  armies,  quartered  in  the  south,  which  the  northern  states 
have  neither  the  power  nor  the  wealth  to  maintain.  And  if  this 
last  purpose  could  be  effected,  the  states  so  conquered  and  disgraced 
would  not  be  elements  of  strength,  dignity,  or  power  to  the  confed- 
eracy, but  discontented  and  disgraced  colonies,  burdening  their  con- 
querors with  unremunerated  and  intolerable  expenses,  and  exposing 
them  to  destruction  whenever  assailed  by  foreign  enemies.  The 
conquest  of  a  state  would  change  the  whole  theory  of  the  govern- 
ment, and  destroy  the  principle  of  state  equality  which  is  the  corner 
stone  of  the  confederacy.  The  prosecution  of  such  a  war  would 
change  the  whole  genius  of  our  people,  corrupt  the  public  morals, 
introduce  into  every  neighborhood  the  vices  of  the  camp,  withdraw 
enterprise,  industry,  and  intellect  from  trade,  commerce,  and  agri- 
culture, to  war,  and  thus  introduce  the  evils  of  martial  domination 
and  ambition  as  controlling  influences  in  both  sections,  to  end  at 
last  in  the  establishment  of  a  military  despotism.  That  a  union  of 
states,  held  in  enforced  combination  by  the  sword,  could  answer 
none  of  the  purposes  and  fulfill  none  of  the  promised  blessings  of  a 
free  and  pacific  confederacy,  uniting  the  energies  of  its  members  in 
peace  for  a  wise  and  fraternal  government,  and  in  war  for  mutual 
protection  and  national  glory ;  and  that  no  evils  likely  to  arise  from 
a  peaceable  separation  can  equal  the  evils  flowing  from  an  attempt 


140       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

to  compel  a  union  by  force  of  arms— in  which  vain  effort,  every 
evil  of  a  disordered  commerce,  a  divided  people,  of  trade  destroyed, 
/and  of  prosperity  reversed,  of  bankruptcy,  civil  war,  famine  and 
insurrection  would  succeed.  And,  besides  all  this,  it  is  as  little 
consistent  with  the  pride,  as  with  the  interest,  of  the  free  states,  to 
endeavor  to  maintain  a  connection,  as  brethren  and  equals,  with  an 
unwilling  people,  if  a  union  with  them  can  only  be  secured  and 
maintained  by  the  sword  ;  therefore,  resolved  : 

3.  Because  we  are  in  favor  of  the  preservation  of  this  union,  we 
are  opposed  to  the  attempted  coercion  by  arms  of  any  southern  state, 
since  such  attempt  must  necessarily  cause  and  perpetuate  disunion 
and  superadd  to  disunion  the  evils  of  an  interminable,  unchristian 
and  unnatural  civil  war. 

4.  That  this  legislature  do  not  and  will  not  despair  of  the  union 
of   these    states.      We  believe  that  too  much   patriotism   and  too 
enlightened  a  sense  of  self-interest  exist  in  the  intelligent  people  who 
compose  the  American  states  to  permit  the  destruction  of  thousands 
of  millions  of  material   wealth — the  diversion  to  war  of  energies, 
that,  employed  as  now  exerted,  would  produce  thousands  of  millions 
more ;  and  to  see,  without  an  opposing  effort  worthy  of  the  stake, 
the  destruction  of  the  best  government  in  the  world.     We  rejoice  to 
see  that  the  conservative  sentiment  of  the  whole  country  is  now 
being  aroused,  and  we  are  unwilling  to  believe  that  the  efforts  now 
made  to  adjust  this  difficulty  will  be  fruitless;  but  it  is  our  solemn 
conviction  that  those  efforts  must  all  prove  unavailing  if  force  be 
employed  by  the  federal  government  before  the  loyal,  just,  and  pat- 
riotic sentiments  of  the  people  shall  have  been  invoked,  and  respond 
to  the  appeal. 

5.  That  these  views  derive  additional  strength  from  these  con- 
siderations ;  that  this  action  of  the  southern  states  is  taken  by  one 
and  threatened  by  others  in   their  sovereign  capacity ;  that  these 
states  claim,  under  the  sanction  of  high,  though  it  may  be  mistaken 
authority,  the  right  so  to  act ;  that  the  sentiment  of  the  southern 
people  and  of  a   large  proportion  of  all  the  people  of  the  United 
States  is,  that  the  southern  states  have  been  grievously  oppressed 
and  imposed  upon  by  a  large  portion  of  the  people  of  the  northern 
states ;  that  apprehensions  have  been  justly  excited  by  the  action  of 
certain  states,  and  by  the  formation  and  success  of  a  sectional  party, 
as  to  the  safety  of  their  domestic  institutions  ;  that  under  the  cir- 
cumstances, they  are  entitled  to  be  guaranteed   in   their  just  and 
equal  rights ;  that  it  is  conceded  that  several  of  the  northern  states 
have  themselves  openly  defied  a  constitutional  law  of  congress,  by 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  141 

the  passage  of  so-called  liberty  bills ;  that  these  acts,  still  unre- 
pealed,  exhibit  those  states  in  open  and  flagrant  disobedience  to  the 
constitution,  the  offense  of  opposing  and  nullifying  one  law,  and 
that  of  nullifying  all  laws,  being  the  same  in  kind  and  only  differing 
in  degree ;  that  a  delay,  until  justice  be  done  the  south,  to  attempt  to 
enforce  the  federal  authority  against  the  resisting  southern  states 
by  arms  could  be  productive  of  no  injury;  and  that  such  an  attempt 
would  be  fruitless  of  good,  arbitrary,  impolitic,  partial,  and  unjust, 
and  productive  only  of  the  worst  possible  sentiments. 

6.  That  it  is  the  deliberate  sense  of  this  legislature  that  an  appeal 
to  force  should  not  be  made  by  the  federal  government,  until  at 
least  every  effort  be  made  in  good  faith  to  settle  and  adjust  the 
unhappy  difficulties  now  existing  between  the  two  sections ;  and 
that  the  offending  northern  states  that  have  passed  the  unconstitu- 
tional acts  before  referred  to,  be  respectfully  requested  to  set  an 
example  of  loyalty  to  the  constitution  and  laws  by  immediately 
repealing  these  obnoxious  statutes. 

In  the  assembly,  on  January  22d,  J.  Dougherty  (Douglas)  offered 
the  following : 

1.  That  the  people  of  California,  drawn  from  the  different  states, 
from  the  north,  from  the  south,  from  the  east,  and  from  the  west, 
cherish  a  loyal  attachment  to  the  union ;  that  they  regard  it,  and 
the  constitution  by  which  it  was  established,  as  the  cause  of  the 
unexampled  prosperity  of  the  country,  the  source  of  its  power  and 
influence  abroad,  and  of  its  peace  and  security  at  home,  and  as  fur- 
nishing the  only  assurance  of  the  perpetuation  of  the  government 
and  the  blessings  of  free  and  republican  institutions. 

2.  That  no  state  has  the  right,  under  the  constitution,  to  secede 
from  the  union;  that  secession  can  only  be  justified  upon  the  ground 
of  revolution;  and  that  in  the  judgment  of  the  people  of  California, 
there  are  no  evils  endured  by  any  members  of  the  confederacy  that 
cannot    be  remedied    in  the  union  under    the  constitution,  whilst 
those  evils,  whatever  they  may  be,  would  be  immeasurably  increased 
by  dissolution,  and  accompanied  by  calamities  of  the  most  appalling 
nature. 

3.  That  the  people  of  California,  with  poignant  feelings  of  indig- 
nation and  horror,  utterly  repudiate  and  repel  the  suggestion  of  seces- 
sion on  the  part  of  this  state  as  well  as  the  formation  of  a  separate 
Pacific  republic;  and  that  their  true  policy  is  to  recognize  and  sus- 
tain a  permanent  adherence  to  the  union. 


142       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

4.  That  California  is  peculiarly  fitted  for,  and  imperatively  called 
upon  to  act  the  part  of  pacificator  between  the  contending  sections 
and  alienated  states  of  the  union.     She  is  removed  from  the  strife, 
and  is  not  interested  in  the  causes  from  which  it  originated,  except 
so  rar— as-JJiey-^aay  impair  the  integrity  of  the"  confederacy.     Her 
popuMtorr-is-^b^und    together  by  a    common    attachment  for  the 
union,  and  by  a  like  determination  that  the  state  of  their  adoption 
shall  remain,  with  the  states  from  which  they  emigrated,  members 
of  the  same  great  confederacy.     In  assuming  the  part  of  a  peace- 
maker she  will  eminently  respond  to  the  warmest  feelings  of  her 
people. 

5.  That  while  the  people  of  this  state  have  unshaken  confidence 
in  the  peaceful    solution  of  all  questions  at  present  exciting  and 
estranging  from  each  other  the  citizens  of  other  states,  they  expect 
the  general  government  to  see  that  the  republic   suffers  no  detri- 
ment, and  to  exercise  all  necessary  constitutional  power  for  the  pres- 
ervation of  the  union  in  its  integrity,  and  the  enforcement  of  th'e 
federal  laws. 

In  the  assembly  on  January  23d,  P.  Munday  (Douglas),  offered 
the  following : 

WHEREAS,  One  of  the  southern  states  of  this  union,  in  consequence 
of  alleged  grievances  for  which  she  could  obtain  no  redress  from  the 
hands  of  the  federal  government,  has  declared  herself  out  of  the 
confederacy  of  states ;  and  whereas,  other  states,  for  like  causes, 
complain  of  hostile  legislation  against  and  unjust  treatment  by  their 
brethren  of  the  north,  have  evinced  an  unmistakable  determination 
to  secede;  and  whereas,  the  people  of  California,  composing  citizens 
of  all  portions  of  the  union,  and  all  nations  of  the  earth,  possess 
interests  in  common  with  all  the  states  and  own  no  special  bias 
to  or  affiliation  with  any  section,  loving  the  union  for  its  own  sake, 
sustaining  it  as  the  great  ark  of  safety  for  the  liberties  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  looking  upon  its  destruction  as  the  death-blow  to  freedom 
everywhere,  resolved, 

1.  That  we  have  viewed  with  extreme  sorrow  the  sectional  agita- 
tions which  have  for  many  years  disturbed  the  peaceful  and  harmo- 
nious relations  that  should  always  exist  between  the  different  states 
of  the  confederacy. 

2.  That  whatever  may  have  been  the  provocation   given   by  the 
unwholesome  agitation  of  the  question  of  negro  slavery  by  evil-dis- 
posed  persons   at  the  north,  we  most   earnestly  deplore   the   hasty 
action  of  our  sister  state  of  South  Carolina,  in  the  adoption  of  meas- 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  143 

ures  for  her  separation  from  the  confederacy  ;  and  we  indulge  the 
earnest  hope  that,  upon  reflection  and  friendly  consultation,  she  will 
reconsider  a  resolve  that  cannot  fail  to  result  in  disaster  to  herself, 
and  the  most  deplorable  consequences  to  the  whole  union,  and  in  the 
retardation  of  the  cause  of  human  freedom  all  over  the  world. 

3.  That  we  urge  upon  each  of  the  free  states,  having  passed  laws 
inimicable  to  the  interests,  or  calculated  to  wound  the  feelings  of  the 
southern  people,  an  immediate  repeal  of  such  laws,  and   a  decent 
and  becoming  abstinence  from  all  such  action  or  language  as  may 
agitate   the   present  excited   conditioja,   and    thus    precipitate    the 
impending  evil. 

4.  That  we  are  unalterably  attached  to  the  union  as  it  is ;  and  as 
that  union  was  in  the  beginning  based  upon  compromise  and  conces- 
sion by  the  various  sections,  so,  in  view  of  the  alarming  dangers 
that  now  for  the  first  time  seriously  threaten  its  existence,  a  spirit 
of  compromise  and  conciliation  should  guide  the  federal  and  state 
councils  to  all  means  productive  of  harmony,  good  feeling,  and  broth- 
erly love ;  and  that  these  should  be  exhausted  before  abandoning 
hopes  for  the  perpetuation  of  the  republic. 

5.  That  while  a  withdrawal  of  even  one  state  is  to  be  regarded  by 
us  all  as  a  grievous  calamity,  yet  more  than  all  is  to  be  deprecated 
the  shedding  of  brother's  blood  by  brother's  hand ;  that  if  the  union 
cannot  be  preserved  by  peaceful  means,  it  cannot  be  perpetuated  by 
force  of  arms ;  that  any  attempt  to  compel  a   sovereign  state  to 
remain  in  the  confederacy  will  only  result  in  civil  war,  the  end  of 
which  cannot  be  foreseen ;  that  even  if  the  attempt  should  result  in 
the  subjugation  of  the  seceding  state,  the  condition  of  the  state  would 
be  that  of  a  conquered  province,  and  not  that  of  an  equal ;  and  that 
such  compulsory  fealty  would  be  degrading  to  the  people  on  whom 
it  would  be  imposed,  and   inconsistent  with  the   whole   spirit  and 
design  of  the  union  of  the  states. 

6.  That   the   people    of    California,   equal    inheritors   with  their 
brethren  at  the  east,  in  this  glorious  republic,  while  they  cannot 
contemplate  without  grief  and  horror  a  dissolution  of  the  union,  yet 
they  reserve  to  themselves  the  right  to  act  as  their  own  interests  may 
require  in  the  deplorable  event  of  a  dismemberment  of  the  states. 
They  now  reiterate  solemnly  and  fervently  through  their  representa- 
tives, their  earnest  devotion  to  the  union  loving-citizens  throughout 
the  confederacy,  and  their  hearty  co-operation  for  its  preservation. 

7.  That  our  congressional  delegation  be  directed  to  act  as  far  as 
practicable  in  accordance  with  the  spirit  of  these  resolutions. 


144    POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

On  January  24th,  the  majority  of  the  committee  on  federal  rela- 
tions of  the  senate  reported  favorably,  with  amendments,  the  series 
of  resolutions  introduced  by  Edgerton.  John  H.  Watson,  of  the 
minority,  concurred  with  the  amendments  except  so  far  as  related  to 
the  twelfth  resolution,  and,  as  a  substitute  for  that  resolution,  he 
recommended  the  resolution  introduced  by  himself. 

The  amendments  proposed  were  as  follows,  to  add  to  the  seventh 
resolution  : 

That  in  the  acts  of  personal  violence  and  outrages  perpetrated  in 
the  southern  states  upon  northern  citizens,  which  acts  have  been 
entirely  unpunished,  and  almost  wholly  unrebuked  in  said  states, 
there  is  just  cause  for  reproach  and  exasperation  on  the  part  of  the 
north  towards  the  south. 

To  strike  out  in  the  ninth  resolution  all  after  the  word  "abide," 
and  insert  "  by  the  plan  proposed  by  Senator  Stephen  A.  Douglas, 
as  a  compromise  and  adjustment  of  the  difficulties  between  the  north 
and  south  or  some  similar  plan." 

On  January  24th,  in  the  senate,  T.  G.  Phelps  (republican) 
offered  the  following  as  a  substitute  for  the  union  resolutions 
reported  by  the  committee  : 

1.  That  the  people  of  California  look  with  troubled  apprehension 
upon  the  condition  of  our  national  affairs. 

2.  That  our  government  was  formed  to  be  perpetual,  and  cannot 
be  dissolved  except  by  revolution. 

3.  That  there  is  sufficient  power  in  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States  to  maintain  the  integrity  of  the  union,  and  enforce  the  laws 
of  Congress. 

4.  That  secession  is  but  another  term  for  treason   against  the 
government. 

5.  That  California  will  aid  the  general  government  with  the  entire 
strength  of  her  militia  in  maintaining  the  integrity  of  the  union  and 
enforcing  the  laws  of  congress,  in  whatever  quarter  the  one  may  be 
assailed  or  the  other  impeded. 

6.  That  to  apologize  for  the  present  secession  movement  is  to  aid 
and  abet  treason. 

7.  That  the  idea  of  a  Pacific  republic  is  repudiated  by  our  entire 
people. 

These  resolutions  were  made  the  special  order  for  the  31st. 
On    January    26th,    in    the    assembly,   John    White    (democrat) 
introduced  the  following  : 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  145- 

1.  That  the  union  of  these  states  under  the  constitution  was  the 
result  of  a  compromise,  and  a  just  regard  for  the  rights  and  inter- 
ests of  all  sections,  and  that  these  are  the  only  conditions  upon 
which  it  can  be  perpetuated. 

2.  That,  in  the  judgment  of  the  people  of  California,  the  right  of 
secession  finds  no  warrant  in  the  constitution ;  but  that  we  would 
regard  with  disfavor  and  alarm  an  attempt  to  compel  by  force  a 
state  to  remain  in  the  federal  union. 

3.  That,  in  our  judgment,  the  best  mode  of  meeting  the  present 
difficulty  is  to  call  a  convention  of  the  states  for  the  purpose  of 
adjusting    the  present   unhappy  differences,  and    of   making   such 
amendments  to  the  constitution  of  the  union  as  may  be  thought 
necessary  to  secure  the  rights  of  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  to 
preserve  the  union  for  all  time  to  come. 

On  the  same  day,  Assemblyman  A.  W.  Blair  (republican)  offered 
the  following  : 

1.  That  while  we  deeply  deplore  the  unfortunate  state  of  politi- 
cal affairs  that  now  disturbs  the  peace  and  prosperity  of  our  common 
country,  we  clearly  trace  its  cause  to  the  false  political  doctrines  of 
the  party  and  men  now  having  the  control  of  the  administration  of 
the  general  government ;  and  that  we  deem  the  administration  of 
James  Buchanan  an  unfortunate  national  calamity,  and  that  the 
same  has  our  unqualified  condemnation. 

2.  That  any  person  or  persons,  state,  community  or  association  of 
individuals  whomsoever,  who  raise  their  hands  or  voices  against  the 
union  of  these  states  or  the  constitution  thereof,  or  the  due  execution 
of  the  laws  therein,  should  be  held  and  treated  by  the  people  of  Cali- 
fornia as  enemies  of  the  republic,  false  to  their  country,  false  to 
us,  false  to  the  federal  constitution,  and  false  to  the  cause  of  free- 
dom, humanity,  and  civilization  everywhere. 

3.  That  the  people  of  California  are  true  to  the  union  of  these 
states,  and  unalterably  and  unqualifiedly  opposed  to  the  secession  of 
any  state  or  states  from  the  federal  union,  and  deny  the  right  of 
secession   or  to  dismember  the  government  of  these  states  in  any 
way;  and  that  they  will  with  their  lives,  their  fortunes,  and  most 
sacred  honor  support  the  federal  government  in  the  due  exercise  of 
all  constitutional  power  necessary  to  preserve  the  union  of  these 
states,  maintain  inviolate  the  federal  constitution,  and  enforce  the 
due  execution  of  the  laws  of  the  federal  government. 

10 


146       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

On  January  28th,  in  the  senate,  J.  McM.  Shafter  (republican) 
made  the  following  report  from  the  minority  of  the  committee  on 
federal  relations,  to  whom  the  various  sets  of  resolutions  had  been 
referred  : 

1.  That  this  legislature,  and  the  people  they  represent,  have  wit- 
nessed with  profound  sorrow  the  political  events  which  have  been 
initiated,  and  are  in  progress  of  development  in  the  federal  union, 
and  that  the  present  crisis  in  our  public  affairs  demands  the  exercise 
of  firmness,  justice,  and  wisdom  upon  the  part  of  the  people  of  these 
states  and  their  representatives. 

2.  That  the  federal  constitution  was  fully  considered  at  the  time 
of  its  adoption ;  that  its  provisions  were  the  most  just  that  would 
have  been  then  generally  acceptable,  and  now,  when  properly  exe- 
cuted, furnish  an  adequate  protection  to  all  portions  of  the  common 
union. 

3.  That  the  binding  force  of  the  constitution  is  in  no  way  dependent 
upon  the  present  volition  of  any  citizen  or  state,  and  that  the  right 
of  withdrawing  from  such  union  by  such  citizen  or  state  exists  under 
no  circumstances  nor  pretenses  whatever. 

4.  That  the  act  of  seizing  upon  the  public  property,  the  actual 
and  forcible  occupation  of  public  vessels,  forts,  arsenals,  and  reve- 
nues with  the  intent  of  denying  the  right,  and  an  actual  resistance 
of  the  power  of  the  constitution  and  of  government  organized  under 
it,  are  acts  of  war,  and  if  persisted  in  by  organized  bodies  of  men, 
will  amount  to  a  levying  of  war  against  the  states  of  the  union,  within 
the  constitutional  definition  of  treason. 

5.  That  so  long  as  the  constitution  is  recognized,  the  executive 
created  by  it  should  inflexibly  enforce  its  provisions;  and  that  the 
punishment  of  crimes,  treason  included,  is  one  of  those  provisions 
which  cannot  be  disregarded. 

^  6.  That  California  entirely  repudiates  the  idea  of  a  Pacific  repub- 
that  she  will  adhere  with  unalterable  firmness  to  the  govern- 
t  exercising  its  functions  under  the  constitution,  and  that  as  its 
sperity  and  triumphs  have  been  hers,  so  in  whatever^perils  that 
>vernment  maybe  placed,  she  pledges  to  its  aid  her  fortune  and 
her  sacred  honor. 

In  the  assembly,  on  January  30th,  Johnson  (republican)  offered 
the  following : 

1.  That  duty  demands  and  justice  requires  our  senators  and  repre- 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  147 

sentatives  in  congress  not  to  compromise  the  people  of  this  state  by 
declaring  that  in  the  event  of  a  dissolution  of  the  union  California  will 
go  with  the  north  or  with  the  south,  or  will  form  a  separate  govern- 
ment of  her  own. 

2.  That  our  only  aim  is  the  preservation  of  the  union  of  all  the 
states,  and  that  our  devotion  to  the  constitution  of  the  union  is 
unalterably  fixed. 

On  February  1st,  in  the  senate,  S.  H.  Chase  (Douglas)  offered 
the  following  : 

1.  That  the  people  of   a   state   cannot  absolve  themselves  from 
their  allegiance  to  the  national  government,  or  from  their  obligations 
to  support  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  all  laws  made 
in  pursuance  thereof;  that  this  union  was  designed  to  be  perpetual, 
and  that  the  provisions  of  the  constitution  are  ample  to  perpetuate 
the  union ;  that  secession  is  not  a  constitutional  right,  nor  a  power 
reserved  to  the  states,  but  a  revolutionary  remedy,  to  be  resorted  to 
only  as  a  last  mode  of  redress  against  continued  wrong  and  oppres- 
sion, when  all  constitutional  remedies  have  failed. 

2.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  the  executive  to  uphold  the  constitution 
and  enforce  the  laws ;  to  see  that  the  revenue  is  collected ;  that  the 
property  of  the  United  States  is  protected,  and  by  prudence,  modera- 
tion and  forbearance  to  endeavor  to  preserve  the  public  peace  and 
maintain  the  union. 

3.  That  whenever  any  state  or  states  shall  deliberately  determine 
and    undertake    to  secede  from  the  union,  it  is  for  the    national 
government  to  decide  how  far  it  will  resist  such  revolutionary  action ; 
that  such  decision  is  one  of  state  policy  alone,  and  based  upon  con- 
siderations of  life,  liberty,  property,  and  prosperity;  that  until  such 
a  time  as  the  national  government  shall  recognize  such  seceding 
state  or  states  as  an  independent  nation,  the  laws  should  be  respected 
and  executed,  and  the  honor,  dignity,  and  power  of  the  government 
sustained. 

4.  That  the  secession  of  any  state  or  states  from  the  union  does 
not  relieve  other  states  from  their  obligations  to  abide  by  the  national 
constitution  and  laws ;  that  no  rights  are  acquired  by  revolution, 
and  there  is  no  dissolution  of  existing   relations  beyond  the  limits 
conceded  by  the  government  to  a  revolutionary  people. 

5.  That  California  has  no  grievances  originating  in  the  union  that 
should  cause  her  to  seek  an  existence  out  of  the  union,  and  that  any 


148       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

attempt  to  establish  an  independent  Pacific  republic  would  be 
impolitic  and  revolutionary,  and  condemned  by  and  offensive  to  the 
sense  and  sentiment  of  the  state. 

6.  That  a  faithful  fulfillment  of  all  the  obligations  that  the  con- 
stitution imposes,  both  by  the  national  and  state  governments,  an 
exclusion  from  the  halls  of  congress  of  the  subject  of  slavery  in  all 
its  relations,  except  in  those  cases  specified  in  the  constitution,  and 
the  same  spirit  of  concession  and  compromise,  in  which  the  govern- 
ment was  established,  are  the  only  sure  guarantees  of  liberty  and 
union,  peace  and  prosperity. 

7.  That  the  preservation  of  this   union  from  impending  danger 
should  be  a  paramount  consideration  with  every  patriot;  that  there 
is  no  just  cause  to  sever  the  social  and  political  relations  of  the  peo- 
ple of  these  United   States,  and   no  insurmountable  obstacle  to  a 
satisfactory  and  permanent  adjustment  of  all  our  political  difficul- 
ties ;  that  California,  anxious  to  restore   harmony  and   cement  by 
affection  this  union,  would  come  to  the  settlement  of  these  difficulties 
in  a  spirit  of  the  most  liberal  concession ;  that  she  would  sanction 
either  of  the  following  modes  of  adjustment  (not  intending,  however, 
to  assert  that  she  would  not  sanction  other  modes): 

a.  The  plan  submitted  to  the  senate  by  Senator  Crittenden,  being 
certain  amendments  to  the  constitution,  restoring  the  Missouri  com- 
promise, and  making  further  provisions  in  relation  to  slaves  and 
slavery;  or, 

b.  An  immediate  admission  of  several  states  into  the  union,  em- 
bracing all  the  territory  of  the  United   States,  with  some  fair  provi- 
sion for  the  formation  out  of  them  of  future  states,  when  necessary ; 
preferring,  however,  that  plan   which   would   most  effectually  and 
readily  dispose  of  all  controversy  as  to  slavery  in  the  territories,  and 
contribute  most  "to  form  a  more  perfect  union,  establish  justice,  and 
insure  domestic  tranquillity." 

8.  That  our  congressional  delegation   be  instructed  to  carry  out 
the  foregoing  views,  so  far  as  applicable  to  their  official  action. 

On  February  3d,  the  assembly  committee  on  federal  relations  sub- 
mitted the  following  majority  report : 

WHEREAS,  The  obligations  of  the  constitution,  which  bind  each 
state  as  a  member  of  the  union  of  these  United  States,  were  volunta- 
rily assumed ;  and  whereas,  an  attempt  is  being  made  by  the  people  of 
one  or  more  of  the  states  forcibly  to  dissolve  this  union  and  subvert 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  149 

this  constitution  ;  and  whereas,  in  the  furtherance  of  this  treasonable 
purpose,  forts  and  other  property  of  the  people  of  all  the  states  are 
being  taken  from  the  possession  of  the  constitutional  agents  of  the 
United  States  government ;  and  whereas,  the  people  of  said  states 
are  preparing  to  resist  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  of  the  United 
States ;  and  whereas,  the  people  of  California,  by  their  representa- 
tives in  the  legislature,  desire  to  express  their  loyalty  to  the  consti- 
tution and  the  union,  and  to  instruct  their  congressional  represent- 
atives to  support  and  sustain  in  all  their  integrity,  the  union  and 
the  constitution  as  they  were  bequeathed  to  us  by  our  fathers  ;  there- 
fore, resolved  : 

1.  The  withdrawal  of  a  state  from  its  membership  and  obligations 
in  the  federal  union,  in  defiance  of  the  general  government,  can  only 
be  accomplished  by  a  successful  resistance  to  the  whole  power  of  the 
United  States. 

2.  Decent  respect  to  the  opinions  of  the  people  of  the  civilized 
world,  and  the  instinct  of  self-prfigeyyation,  demand  that  the  United 
States  government  should   use  all   the  power  necessary  to  enforce 
obedience  to  its  laws  and  to  protect  its  property. 

3.  The  people  of  California  will  sustain  and  uphold  the  constitu- 
tionally elected  officers  of  the  United  States  government  in  all  consti- 
tutional efforts  to  preserve  the  integrity  of  the  union  and  to  enforce 
obedience  to  the  acts  of  congress  and  the  decisions  of  the  courts.   After 
the  laws  have  been  enforced,  and  the  power  and  authority  of  the 
constitution  and  the  government  of  the  United  States  recognized 
and  acknowledged,  every  feeling  of  nationality  and  brotherhood  de- 
mand that  such  compromises  as  are  consistent  with  justice  shall  be 
made,  for  the  purpose  of  restoring  that  harmony  which  should  char- 
acterize the  people  of  a  common  country. 

The  minority  of  the  committee  reported  the  following  : 

WHEREAS,  Events  which  have  recently  transpired,  and  which  are 
daily  transpiring  in  the  Atlantic  states,  leave  but  little  room  to  doubt 
that  the  American  union,  if  not  already  dissolved,  is  on  the  verge  of 
dissolution  ;  and  whereas,  the  people  of  California  regard  such  disso- 
lution as  a  most  direful  calamity ;  and  whereas,  we  look  upon  a 
remodeling  of  the  federal  constitution  by  a  national  constitutional 
-convention  as  the  surest  means  of  restoring  peace  and  harmony  to 
our  distracted  country  ;  therefore,  resolved  : 

1.   That  the  congress  of  the  United  States  be,  and  is  hereby  urged 


150       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

to  take  steps  for  the  calling  of  such  convention,  in  accordance  with 
the  fifth  article  of  the  federal  constitution. 

2.  That  we  do  most  earnestly  invite  the  several  states  of  the  union, 
as  well  as  such  state  or  states  as  may  deem  themselves  to  have  with- 
drawn from  the  union,  to  co-operate  with  us  through  the  respective 
legislatures,  in  urging  upon  congress  the  immediate  necessity  of  call- 
ing said  convention. 

3.  That  we  deprecate  any  attempt  on  the  part  of  the  general  gov- 
ernment to  maintain,  by  force  of  arms,  the  union  of  these  states, 
since  to  do  so  would  light  the  fires  of  civil  war  and  crush  forever  the 
last  hope  of  reconciliation  between  the  opposing  sections. 

4.  That  the  people  of  California  acknowledge  neither  the  north 
nor  the  south,   but  the   whole  American  union   as  their  common 
mother,  to  whom  they  are  united  not  merely  by  considerations  of 
interest,  but  by  the  more  enduring  ties  of  blood  and  filial  affection. 

5.  That  as  Californians  we  are  willing  to  stand  by  the  whole  union,, 
hazarding,  if  necessary,  our  lives  and  fortunes  for  her  defense ;  but 
we  are  not  prepared  to  pledge  our  allegiance  to  either  a  northern  or 
a  southern  fragment  of   a  dismembered  confederacy,  nor  will  we  ever 
consent  to  become  the  ally  of  one  section  in  waging  a  fratricidal  war 
against  another  section  of  our  common  country. 

In  the  assembly,  on  February  2d,  0.  W.  Piercy  (Douglas)  offered 
the  following : 

As  the  sense  of  this  house,  that  the  troubles  existing  in  the  At- 
lantic states  are  justly  chargeable  to  the  sectional  doctrines  advocated 
by  the  republican  party. 

A  motion  to  lay  on  the  table  was  lost — 28  to  41.  John  Conness 
(Douglas)  offered  the  following  amendment : 

M  /And  that  the  United  States  forts  and  arsenals  recently  taken  at 
1  Charleston  and  elsewhere  have  undoubtedly  been  taken  by  black 
'  republicans  in  disguise. 

The  amendment  was  lost — 22  to  37.  Thomas  O'Brien  (Douglas) 
offered  the  following  amendment : 

Strike  out  republican  party  and  insert  "republican  and  Breckin- 
ridge  parties.'' 

N.  Greene  Curtis  (Douglas)  offered  the  following  substitute  : 

That  we  have  an  abiding  confidence  in  the  justice  and  patriotism 
of  the  people  of  the  United  States,  and  that  the  unhappy  domestic 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  151 

difficulties  now  existing  between  the  north  and  the  south  are  not 
chargeable  to  the  great  masses  of  the  people  of  the  United  States, 
but  are  justly  chargeable  to  the  abolitionists  of  the  north  and  the  seces- 
sion leaders  of  the  south. 

The  whole  matter  was  laid  on  the  table. 

On  February  5th,  in  the  assembly,  William  Childs  (Douglas) 
offered  the  following,  which  was  laid  on  the  table — 43  to  29: 

That  we  do  most  cordially  approve  the  patriotic,  conservative  and 
humane  sentiments  enunciated  by  the  Hon.  Stephen  A.  Douglas, 
senator  from  Illinois,  in  the  United  States  senate  on  January  3, 
1861,  inasmuch  "as  in  his  view  of  the  present  fearful  crisis  in  the 
destinies  of  our  beloved  country,  that  eminent  senator  repudiates  as 
unwise,  fratricidal,  barbarous  and  inexpedient  any  attempt  to  make 
war  upon  any  one  or  more  states  for  the  purpose  of  forcing  them  to 
remain  in  the  union. 

In  the  senate,  on  February  12th,  Jas.  T.  Ryan  (Douglas)  gave 
notice  that  he  would,  at  an  early  day,  introduce  a  bill  authorizing 
the  governor  to  order  an  election  of  delegates  to  represent  California 
in  a  convention  of  all  the  states  that  may  be  called  by  the  joint 
action  of  the  states,  or  by  the  action  of  congress,  to  take  into  con- 
sideration the  present  unfortunate  condition  of  national  affairs,  and 
devise  a  plan  by  which  the  preservation  of  the  union  may  be  in- 
sured, provided  such  convention  may  be  called.  The  bill  was  not 
introduced,  however. 

On  February  12th,  A.  Wood  (Douglas)  introduced  the  following 
in  the  assembly: 

1.  That  we  fully  and  cordially  endorse  the  plan  proposed  by  the 
Hon.  John  J.  Crittenden,  for  a  settlement  of  the  existing  troubles 
in  the  Atlantic  states,  which  is  as  follows.    (Then  followed  at  length 
what  is  known  as  the  Crittenden  compromise.) 

2.  That  our  congressional  delegation  are  instructed  to  do  all  in 
their  power  to  procure  the  adoption  by  congress,  of  the  foregoing,  or 
some  similar  plan. 

The  previous  question  was  ordered,  and  the  resolutions  were 
referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  relations  by  a  vote  of  38  to  34. 
On  the  same  day,  P.  H.  Harris  (Douglas)  offered  the  following  in 
the  house : 


152       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

That  we  heartily  endorse  the  plan  of  settlement  for  existing  diffi- 
culties in  the  Atlantic  states,  as  proposed  by  the  Hon.  John  J.  Crit- 
tenden,  in  the  United  States  senate,  on  January  3d,  1861  ;  and  that 
we  approve  and  commend  jbhe  patriotism  and  wisdom  of  the  Hon.  Ste- 
phen A  Douglas  and  the  Hon.  John  C.  Breckinridge,  manifested  by 
them  in  their  endorsement  of  the  same,  and  in  their  condemning  the 
use  of  military  force  to  coerce  the  southern  people,  recommending 
conciliation  and  concession  rather  than  war,  and  compromise  rather 
than  disunion. 

The  author  said  that  he  introduced  the  resolution  for  the  purpose 
of  affording  the  members  an  opportunity  "  to  show  their  hands." 
E.  W.  Councilman  (republican)  offered  the  following  substitute  : 

WHEREAS,  Treason,  as  denned  by  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  exists  in  several  of  the  states  of  the  union ;  therefore, 
resolved: 

1.  That  the  legislature  of  California,  profoundly  impressed  with 
the  value  of  the  union,  and  determined  to  preserve  it  unimpaired, 
hail  with  patriotic  gratitude  the  recent  firm  and  dignified  special  mes- 
sage of  the  president  of  the  United  States ;  and  we  cheerfully  tender 
to  him,  through  the  chief  magistrate  of  our  own  state,  whatever  aid  in 
men  and  money  may  be  required  to  enable  him  to  enforce  the  laws 
and  uphold  the  authority  of  the  federal  government,  and  in  defense 
of   the  more  perfect    union,   which  has  conferred   prosperity   and 
happiness  on  the  American  people.     Renewing  the  pledge  given 
and  redeemed  by  our  fathers,  we  are  ready  to  devote  our  fortunes, 
our  lives,  and  our  sacred  honors  in  upholding  the  union  and  the  con- 
stitution. 

2.  That  the  union-loving  citizens  and  representatives  of  Delaware, 
Maryland,  Virginia,   Kentucky,  Missouri,  and  Tennessee,  who  have 
labored  with  devoted  zeal  and  courage  to  withhold  their  states  from 
the  vortex  of  secession,  are  entitled  to  the  warmest  gratitude  and 
admiration  of  the  people  of  the  whole  country. 

After  an  animated  discussion,  the  substitute  was  lost  by  a  vote  of 
5  to  69,  and  amid  considerable  feeling  and  disorder  the  Harris  reso- 
lution was  adopted — 44  to  29.  A  motion  to  reconsider  the  last  vote 
was  lost  on  the  following  day. 

On  February  13th,  J.  Logan  (Douglas)  offered  the  Harris  resolu- 
tion in  the  senate,  and  on  the  14th,  it  was  laid  on  the  table.  The 
resolution  was  subsequently  taken  from  the  table,  and  consid- 


UNION  RESOL  UTIONS.  153 

ered  on  the  16th.  J.  T.  Ryan  moved  to  amend  by  striking  out 
all  after  "1861;"  and  R.  C.  Clark  (Douglas)  moved  to  amend  the 
amendment  by  striking  out  all  after  the  word  "  commend,"  and 
inserting  the  following  "  the  position  of  all  those  who  insist  upon  a 
peaceful  adjustment  by  compromise  of  pending  difficulties  with  the 
south."  The  Clark  amendment  was  accepted. 

S.  A.  Merritt  (Breckinridge)  offered  the  following  substitute: 

That  we  heartily  endorse  the  plan  of  settlement  for  existing  differ- 
ences in  the  Atlantic  states,  as  proposed  by  Senator  John  J.  Crit- 
tenden  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States,  January  3d,  1861  ;  and 
that  we  condemn  the  use  of  military  force  to  coerce  the  southern 
people,  and  recommend  conciliation  and  concession  rather  than  war, 
and  compromise  rather  than  disunion. 

The  substitute  was  accepted. 

Mr.  DeLong  moved  to  strike  out  all  after  "  1861,"  and  the  motion 
was  lost — 15  to  15.  Mr.  Clark  moved  to  strike  out  the  words 
"and  that  we  condemn  the  use  of  military  force  to  coerce  the  south- 
ern people."  On  the  27th,  the  Clark  amendment  was  lost — 14  to 
15.  Mr.  DeLong  moved  to  amend  by  inserting  after  the  words 
"southern  people,"  the  words  "except  such  as  may  be  by  the  con- 
stituted authorities  of  this  union  deemed  absolutely  necessary  for 
the  safety  and  perpetuity  of  the  same,  after  all  attempts  to  effect  a 
reconciliation  by  compromise  have  failed."  The  amendment  was 
lost — 10  to  17.  Several  other  amendments  were  proposed  and  lost, 
when  T.  G.  Phelps  offered  the  following  substitute  : 

That  the  people  of  California  are  in  favor  of  adjusting  any  and 
all  difficulties,  and  causes  of  dissensions  that  do,  or  may  hereafter 
exist  between  different  sections  of  the  country,  or  between  any  sec- 
tion thereof  and  the  general  government,  so  far  as  the  same  can  be 
done  without  acknowledging  the  right  of  secession,  or  compromising 
the  dignity  and  integrity  of  the  general  government. 

That  the  people  of  California  are  loyal  to  the  constitution  and 
union,  and  will  adhere  to  them  under  any  circumstances,  and  will 
uphold  the  general  government  in  any  constitutional  action. 

The  Phelps  substitute  was  lost,  as  was  also  the  Merritt  substitute. 
Mr.  Clark  moved  to  amend  by  inserting  after  the  word  "  force,"  the 
words  "under  existing  circumstances,"  and  it  was  adopted — 16  to 
10.  The  resolution,  as  amended,  was  adopted — 21  to  6. 


154       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

In  the  senate,  on  March  12th,  S.  H.  Chase  (Douglas)  offered  the 
following  substitute  for  the  union  resolutions  : 

1  That  the  withdrawal  of  a  state  from  its  membership  and  obli- 
gations in  the  federal  union,  in  defiance  of  the  general  government, 
can  only  be  accomplished  through  successful  revolution. 

2.  That  self-respect  and  self-preservation  demand  that  the  govern- 
ment of  the  United   States  should  use  all  its  constitutional  power, 
so  far  as  may  be  necessary,  to  protect  its  property  and  maintain  the 
union,  and  that  we  will  sustain  the  executive  department  in  all  con- 
stitutional efforts  for  such  purpose. 

3.  That  for  the  sake  of  harmony  and  union,  and  to  avoid  the  hor- 
rors of  civil  war,  California  would  give  her  assent  to  either  of  the 
following  propositions  : 

a.  The  Crittenden  compromise,  as  originally  offered  in  the  senate. 

b.  The  proposition  known  as  that  of  Mr.  Rice,  of  Minnesota,  being 
substantially  to  enlarge  the  boundaries  of  several  of  the  states,  and 
to  admit  at  once  into  the  union  two  states,  embracing  all  the  remain- 
ing territory. 

c.  The  plan  known  as  the  border  states  plan. 

Regarding  that  as  the  best  and  wisest  measure  of  pacification 
which  will  most  speedily  and  permanently  settle  the  pending  diffi- 
culty. 

4.  That   California  will  scrupulously  observe  all   the  obligations 
imposed  upon  her  by  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  ear- 
nestly desires  that  her  sister  states  may  observe  the  same  obligations. 

5.  That  while  we  recognize  no  constitutional  right  of  any  state  to 
withdraw  from  the  union,  yet  when  it  is  satisfactorily  ascertained  to 
be  the  will  and  determination  of  the  people  of  the  several  seceding 
states  to  depart  from  this  union,  we  would  sanction  some  fair  and 
honorable  arrangement  on  the  part  of  the  nation  by  which  such  states 
could  be  released  from  existing  obligations  to  the  union. 

In  the  senate,  on  May  7th,  Caleb  Burbank  (republican)  introduced 
the  following : 

1.  That  California  will  cheerfully  respond  to  such  requisition  as 
the  president  of  the  United  States  may  make   upon  this  state  for 
men,  money,  and  means  to  aid  in  maintaining  the  supremacy  of  the 
constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States. 

2.  That  the  people  of  California  are  a  loyal  and  union-loving  peo- 
ple, and  will  hold  themselves   in  readiness  at  all  times  to  aid  our 


UNION  RESOL  UTIONS.  \  55 

general  government  in  upholding  and   defending  the  constitution, 
laws,  and  property  of  the  United  States  against  all  insubordination,   J" 
treason,  or  rebellion  that  may  threaten  to  disturb  domestic  tranquil-//! 

4/  ~  »     j        •  /  \ 

lity,  or  to  endanger  the  integrity  and  permanency  of  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States. 

In  the  assembly,  on  May  18th,  0.  H.  Kungle  (Breckinridge)  in- 
troduced the  following,  which  was  laid  on  the  table — 45  to  11. 

WHEREAS,  A  number  of  the  states  have  withdrawn  from  the  fed- 
eral union,  and  after  asserting  their  independence  have  established 
a  new  government,  which  is  known  as  the  Confederate  States  of 
America,  and  it  being  evident  to  the  world  that  the  people  of  those 
states  are  able  to  maintain  their  independence  and  determined  to  do 
so ;  and  whereas,  to  refuse  to  recognize  their  independence  and  to 
attempt,  by  making  war  upon  them,  to  conquer  and  reduce  them 
into  subjection  to  the  other  states  would  be  wrong,  and  violative  of 
the  spirit  of  our  institutions  and  destructive  of  our  liberties,  since 
the  attempt  would  require  the  raising  of  vast  armies,  the  increase  of 
taxation,  and  the  creation  of  enormous  debts  to  burthen  the  people, 
and  since  no  object  can  be  attained  by  making  war  upon  those  states, 
for  if  conquered  they  would  be  ruined  and  desolated,  and  inhabited 
by  a  dissatisfied  population,  ever  seeking  an  opportunity  to  throw  off 
the  yoke,  and  as  we  are  not  yet  ready  to  give  up  our  free  system  of 
government,  based  upon  the  assent  of  the  governed,  and  establish  in 
its  place  those  arbitrary  military  forms  necessary  for  the  prosecution 
of  aggression  and  conquest ;  therefore,  resolved  : 

That  the  independence  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America 
ought  to  be  at  once  recognized  by  the  United  States  government, 
and  that  all  questions  between  the  two  governments  should  be  set- 
tled by  negotiation  and  treaty. 

The  resolution  was  laid  on  the  table — 45  to  11.  In  the  assembly, 
on  May  13th,  Johnson  (Breckinridge)  offered  the  following : 

WHEREAS,  Our  common  country  is  in  danger  of  being  distracted 
with  civil  war ;  and  whereas,  the  people  of  California  are  mainly 
from  every  section  of  the  union,  and  deeply  deplore  the  unnatural 
sectional  war  in  which  our  brothers  in  the  east  are  now  about  enter- 
ing ;  and  furthermore,  we  are  interested  in  preserving  intact  the 
union  of  all  the  states  that  made  the  union  when  it  was  established 
by  our  fathers,  and  those  added  them  to  won  by  her  sons ;  therefore, 
resolved : 


156       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

That  our  congressional  delegation  be  instructed  to  offer  the  state 
of  California,  by  her  representatives  at  Washington,  as  mediator 
between  the  general  government  and  the  confederate  states,  to  the 
«nd  that  peace  may  be  restored,  and  that  provision  may  be  made 
for  the  calling  of  a  constitutional  convention  of  all  the  states,  for 
the  purpose  of  reconstructing  the  federal  union  on  a  firm  and  imper- 
ishable basis. 

On  the  24th,  Kungle  introduced  the  following  in  the  assembly, 
which  was  adopted  : 

WHEREAS,  It  is  provided  in  the  fifth  article  of  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States,  that  congress,  upon  the  application  of  the  legisla- 
tures of  two  thirds  of  the  several  states,  shall  call  a  convention  for 
proposing  amendments  to  the  constitution  ;  and  whereas,  it  has  now 
become  necessary  that  the  states  should  meet  in  convention,  for  the 
purpose  of  devising  means  for  the  settlement  of  our  present  inter- 
state troubles  ;  therefore,  resolved  : 

That  the  congress  of  the  United  States  be,  and  is  hereby  urged  to 
take  steps  for  the  calling  of  a  convention  of  the  states,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  revising  and  changing  the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
in  accordance  with  the  fifth  article  of  the  federal  constitution. 

Early  in  the  session  of  the  legislature  a  movement  was  inaugu- 
rated by  the  Breckinridge  members  to  effect  an  alliance  of  the 
Douglas  party  of  the  state  with  their  party,  and  on  February  18, 
1861,  a  caucus  was  held  by  the  members  of  that  party  and  some 
disaffected  Douglas  men  for  the  purpose  of  initiating  action  towards 
uniting  the  parties.  The  call  was  addressed  to  all  democratic  mem- 
bers of  the  legislature  who  were  in  favor  of  the  plan  proposed  in 
the  United  States  senate  by  Senator  Crittenden  for  the  settlement 
of  the  difficulties  existing  in  the  Atlantic  states.  Thirty-five  mem- 
bers were  present — 19  Breckinridge  and  10  Douglas  democrats.  A 
committee  was  appointed  to  draft  resolutions  to  be  reported  at  a 
subsequent  meeting.  On  the  following  evening  another  meeting 
was  held,  at  which  there  were  accessions  from  the  Douglas  party. 
The  members  of  that  party  who  participated  in  the  proceedings  of 
the  caucus  were  adherents  to  J.  W.  Denver  and  John  Nugent  in 
the  contest  for  the  United  States  senatorship,  and  it  was  understood 
that  they  favored  the  Crittenden  compromise  resolutions  that  had 
been  passed  by  the  assembly.  The  committee  on  resolutions  re- 
ported the  following,  which  were  adopted  : 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  157 

1.  That  we,  the  undersigned,  democratic  members  of  both  branches 
of  the  California   legislature,  feeling  the  necessity   of  uniting  the 
two  wings  of  the  democratic  party  of  the  state  preparatory  to  the 
coming  general  election,  do  most  urgently  request  the  state  central 
committees  representing   the  Douglas  democracy  and   the  Breckin- 
ridge  democracy  of  the  state,  to  speedily  call  meetings  of  conference 
of  their  respective  bodies  to   ascertain,   on   consultation,   whether 
some  general  plan  cannot  be  adopted  by  which  all  the  democracy  of 
California  can  be  united  on  one  common  platform,  in  opposition  to 
the  disorganizing  and  destructive  prmciples  of  republicanism. 

2.  That  in  the  event  that  said  committee  shall  determine  to  pur- 
sue the  course  we  have  respectfully  suggested,  that  they  be  requested 
to  make  known  to  us,  the  democratic  members  of  the  legislature,  at 
as  early  a  day  as  possible,  the  result  of  fheir  joint  deliberations. 

3.  That  should  it  be  found  impossible  for  the  committees  to  agree 
upon  any  satisfactory  platform,  and  they  shall  so  report  to  the  mem- 
bers of  this  body,  that  in  such  event  a  general  call  shall  be  made  of 
all  the  democratic  members  of  both  branches  of  the  present  legisla- 
ture, to  adopt  in  joint  council  such  measures  as  will  ultimately  lead 
to  the   end  so  necessary  for  the  future  success  of  the  democratic 
party  in  California. 

4.  That  the  chair  appoint  a  committee  of  to  call  on  every 

democratic   member  of  both  branches  of  the  present  legislature,  to 
notify  and  request  them  to  be  present  at   an  adjourned  meeting  of 
this  body  to  be  held   in  this  chamber  on  Friday  next,  the  22d  inst., 
to  confer  upon  such  matters  as  may  be  then  and  there  suggested,  in 
order  to  obtain  a  speedy,  permanent  and  satisfactory  organization  of 
the  entire  democracy  of  California. 

E.  Sorrell  (Breckinridge)  introduced  the  following,  which  was  de- 
clared out  of  order : 

That  in  the  opinion  of  the  democratic  members  of  this  legisla- 
ture, in  convention  assembled,  the  course  recently  pursued  by  Lieu- 
tenant-General  Scott,  in  connection  with  the  preservation  to  the 
general  government  of  forts  and  other  property  appertaining  to  the 
late  union,  is  in  contravention  to  the  constitution,  which  guarantees 
to  each  state  all  rights  not  delegated  to  the  general  government. 

'Another  meeting  was  held  on  the  26th,  with  44  members  present. 
Lloyd  Magruder  (Breckinridge)  offered  the  following  resolutions, 
which  were  referred  to  a  committee  with  instructions  to  report  at  a 
subsequent  time  : 


158       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

WHEREAS,  The  republican  party  has,  by  advocating  and  support- 
ing sectional  doctrines,  placed  itself  in  an  attitude  of  hostility  to 
the  constitutional  rights  of  the  people  of  fifteen  of  our  sister  states, 
and  thereby,  notwithstanding  the  oft  repeated  warning  of  the  de- 
mocracy, have  brought  the  union  to  the  very  verge  of  destruction ; 
and  whereas,  the  interpretation  which  the  democracy  have  always 
placed  on  the  federal  constitution  is,  in  our  opinion,  the  only  one 
which  is  in  accordance  with  the  true  spirit  and  intent  of  that  in- 
strument, and  which  alone  will  secure  equal  rights  to  every  portion 
of  our  confederacy,  while  the  republicans  occupy  a  position  antago- 
nistic to,  and  destructive  of  that  equality  of  rights ;  and  whereas, 
the  demand  now  being  made  by  the  republican  party  under  the 
specious  pretext  of  upholding  the  constitution  and  enforcing  the 
laws,  after  misconstruing  that  instrument  first,  and  then  grossly 
violating  its  spirit  and  intent,  is  in  fact  nothing  but  a  declaration 
of  war  against  the  southern  people,  for  the  purpose  of  coercing 
them  either  to  the  adoption  of  republican  doctrines,  or  the  loss  of 
their  equality  as  states  in  the  union,  to  assist  in  doing  which  the 
democracy  would  have  to  abandon  its  time-honored  principles,  those 
which  have  been  reiterated  time  and  again ;  therefore,  resolved : 

1.  That  we  cherish  the  warmest  attachment  for  our  federal  union, 
and  that  we  contemplate  with  the  most  profound  sorrow  the  troubles 
and   difficulties  at  present  existing  in   the  Atlantic  states,  which 
threaten  to  destroy  the  unity  of  our  government. 

2.  That  the  true  attitude  of  the  people  of  California  at  this  time 
of  trouble  is  that  of  fraternal  kindness  towards  the  people  of  all 
the  states,  and  her  honor  and  interest  alike  demand  of  her  to  do  all 
in  her  power  to  bring  about  harmony  and  reunion  among  the  people 
of  the  whole  country. 

3.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  amending  the  federal  constitution  in 
such  a  manner  as  will  specifically  secure  to  every  portion  of  the  con- 
federacy equal  rights  under  the  government,  and  leave  nothing  to 
implication  or  doubtful  construction. 

4.  That  it  is  as  much  the  duty  of  every  good  citizen  to  adhere  to 
and  uphold  the  spirit  and  obvious  intent  of  the  constitution  as  of  the 
mere  words  thereof ;  and,  therefore,  no  good  citizen  who  entertains 
a  just  appreciation  of  the  blessings  conferred  on  the  whole  people  by 
our  present  form  of  government,  will  advocate  doctrines  which  are 
hostile  to  the  intendments  of  the  constitution,  and  in  opposition  to 
the  rights  of  any  portion  of  our  common  country. 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  159 

5.  That  we  heartily  endorse  the   plan  of  settlement  for  existing 
difficulties  in  the  Atlantic  states,  as  proposed  by  the  Hon.  John  J. 
Crittenden,  of  Kentucky,  or  of  another  plan  which  may  be  adopted 
by  the  great  border  states,  north  and  south,  which  is  in  accordance 
with  the  spirit  of  our  federal  constitution,  as  expounded  by  the  su- 
preme court  of  the  United  States,  and  as  construed  by  the  democratic 
party  in  convention  assembled,  provided  the  same  does  not  commit 
the  government  to  the  use  of  military  force  to  coerce  the  southern 
people,  recommending  conciliation  and  concession  rather  than  war, 
and  compromise  rather  than  disunion. 

6.  That  we  will  now  unite  for  future  political  action,  and  recom- 
mend all  democrats  throughout  the  state  to  do  the  same,  and  rally 
as  one  party  for  the  preservation  of  our  common  country  and  the 
maintenance  of  the  federal  union. 

The  Sacramento  Union,  on  February  28th,  in  speaking  of  the 
attitude  of  the  political  parties  in  the  state,  said  : 

Parties  in  California  are  in  a  transition  state.  The  events  of  the 
past  few  weeks  indicate  a  reconstruction,  which  will  offer  to  the 
people  of  the  state  but  two  parties  to  unite  with  and  vote  with.  But 
up  to  this  time,  men  who  aspire  to  be  leaders  exhibit  such  a  want 
of  confidence  in  the  future  that  they  hesitate  to  advance  much  be- 
yond present  positions.  They  are  waiting  the  course  of  events  in  the 
Atlantic  states. 

The  Breckinridge  file  leaders,  however,  have  ventured  to  make 
one  positive  move  towards  the  presentation  of  a  platform  upon  which 
they  claim  the  two  wings  of  the  democratic  party  may  unite  and  act 
together.  The  plank  they  offer  is  the  Crittenden  compromise,  upon 
which  there  was  no  particular  difference.  *  *  *  But 
the  Douglas  members  did  not  vote  for  it  directly  in  the  legislature. 
They  voted  to  refer  it,  and  that  vote  gave  the  Breckinridge  wing  the 
advantage  of  voting  directly  for  a  resolution  which  simply  endorsed 
the  compromise.  The  failure  of  that  resolution  opened  the  door  for 
the  introduction  of  one  by  a  Douglas  member,  endorsing  the  com- 
promise, and  also  the  sentiments  of  Douglas  and  Breckinridge  against 
coercion.  Enough  of  the  Douglas  wing  voted  with  the  Breckinridge 
members  to  secure  the  passage  of  that  resolution  through  the  assem- 
bly, and  that  resolution  was  offered  as  the  basis  upon  which  it  was 
proposed  to  unite  the  two  wings  of  the  democracy.  The  intention  of 
the  Breckinridge  leaders  is,  if  possible,  to  place  themselves  and  their 


160       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

party  in  the  position  of  the  democratic  organization  of  the  state  and 
the  only  antagonist  of  the  republicans.  They  are  determined  there 
shall  be  but  two  parties,  and  that  they  shall  lead  one  of  them. 
When  the  legislature  convened,  the  Douglas  party  had  a  working 
majority  in  each  house,  but  it  sunk  through  mismanagement  into  a 
minority ;  and  so  confident  were  its  opponents  that  it  was  about 
being  dissolved,  that  each  calculated  its  chances  for  gathering  up  a 
majority  of  the  fragments.  The  leaders  of  the  Douglas  wing,  how- 
ever, looked  upon  the  Breckinridge  party  as  the  minority  party 
before  the  people,  and  preferred  rather  to  cling  to  their  own  organi- 
zation than  cast  their  lot  with  it. 

On  February  28th,  the  chairman  of  the  Breckinridge  state  com- 
mittee, Charles  Lindley,  issued  a  call  for  a  meeting  of  the  committee 
at  Sacramento  on  March  20th,  "to  consider  the  perilous  crisis  in  our 
national  affairs,  and  to  arrange  for  the  state  convention."  In  the  call 
he  said : 

The  convention  which  conferred  upon  us  the  trust  as  state  central 
committee,  received  from  each  of  us  a  solemn  pledge  not  to  do  the 
very  thing  which  the  recent  Breckinridge-Denver-Nugent  caucus  re- 
quests us  to  do ;  thus  impliedly  reserving  to  future  conventions  the 
question  of  amalgamation  of  parties,  and  the  adoption  of  platforms. 

The  call  also  contained  the  following  remarkable  series  of  ques- 
tions and  declarations  : 

Let  us  have  union  if  we  can ;  peaceable  dissolution  if  we  must ; 
but  conflict,  never. 

If  peaceable  dissolution  comes,  why  should  not  California  remain 
with  the  free  states  1 

If  a  bloody  separation,  why  should  she  not  establish  a  Pacific 
nationality  ? 

Is  she  willing  to  be  dragged  into  a  war  against  a  southern  confed- 
eration of  her  sisters,  should  such  confederation  be  irrevocably 
established. 

Ought  not  she  to  demand  of  the  other  free  states  to  consent  to  a 
peaceable  separation,  if  any  must  come,  as  an  unyielding  condition 
of  her  remaining  with  them  1 

Does  not  Lincoln's  foreshadowed  policy  of  executing  the  laws  over 
seceded  states,  imply  force,  cocercion,  war  1 

Are  ou  people  ready  to  be  plunged  into  anarchy,  and  suffer  the 
ravages  of  such  a  war  1 


BRECKINRIDGE  COMMITTEE. 

These  are  the  momentous  questions  to  be  considered,  and  which,- 
it  is  feared,  will  too  soon  require  action. 

On  March  15th  the  same  gentleman  wrote  a  letter,  in  which  he 
reconsidered  that  portion  of  his  call  which  was  adverse  to  the  propo- 
sition of  fusing  the  two  parties ;  and  after  admitting  that  a  strong, 
desire  for  such  a  union  existed  in  his  party,  he  intimated  that  by 
the  20th  of  March,  when  Lincoln's  policy  would  be  known,  there 
would  be  little  difficulty  in  effecting  the  union.  He  suggested  that 
the  two  committees  call  a  convention,  which  by  concurrent  action 
could  agree  upon  a  principle  and  a  platform  upon  which  the  parties 
could  unite.  The  Breckinridge  committee  met  at  Sacramento  on  the 
20th  with  twenty-eight  members  present,  but  nothing  was  done 
beyond  the  appointment  of  a  committee  on  resolutions,  who  were 
instructed  to  report  to  the  central  committee  at  San  Francisco,  on 
April  2d.  On  that  day  a  call  was  issued  for  a  state  convention,  to 
meet  at  Sacramento  on  June  llth,  to  nominate  a  state  ticket,  and  a 
very  elaborate  address  to  the  democracy  was  adopted.  The  address 
acknowledged  all  as  democrats  who  would  subscribe  to  the  Critten- 
den  compromise,  and  who  were  opposed  to  coercion.  It  drew  the 
following  doleful  picture  of  the  horrors  of  civil  war : 

What  will  be  the  consequences  of  war  1  No  mortal  man  can  fully 
foretell.  By  the  experience  of  nations,  and  the  light  of  history,  we 
can  see  conscript  laws  dragging  the  sons  of  toil  into  military  service, 
families -decimated,  industry  paralyzed,  commerce  destroyed,  indi- 
viduals and  states  bankrupt,  ruin,  gloom,  and  desolation  in  the  land 
— the  civil  yielding  to  the  martial  law — military  spirits  and  military 
chiefs  rising,  millions  of  lives  sacrificed,  finally  ending  the  despotism, 
with  liberty  lost  forever.  For  what  purpose  are  we  to  have  war  1 
Is  it  to  preserve  a  union  by  force  ?  Will  you  make  the  south  love 
the  north  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  and  consent  to  live  with  her 
as  a  family  of  states  1  It  is  madness  !  Madness  ! !  Madness  ! !  ! 
After  a  hundred  victorious  battles  in  favor  of  the  north,  she  would 
need  an  immense  standing  army  to  hold  her  conquered  possessions. 

** 

The  committee  adopted  the  following  resolutions  : 

WHEREAS,  We  are  desirous  of  co-operating  with  all  democrats 
upon  the  present  political  issues,  regardless  of  the  divisions  which 
existed  at  the  presidential  election  last  fall ;  therefore  resolved, 

That  the  several  county  committees  be  recommended  to  direct,  in 
11 


162       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

view  of  such  co-operation,  that  the  votes  of  all  citizens  be  received 
at  the  primary  elections  for  delegates  to  the  democratic  state  con- 
vention, who  endorse  the  Crittenden,  or  similar  amendments  to  the 
constitution,  and  are  opposed  to  coercion,  and  any  and  all  attempts 
on  the  part  of  the  administration  to  enforce,  by  military  or  naval 
power,  the  federal  laws  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any  of  the  seceding 
states. 

Late  in  April,  papers  were  circulated  for  signatures  among  the 
Breckinridge  legislators  and  their  Douglas  allies,  requesting  the 
Breckinridge  state  committee  to  meet  at  the  same  time  and  place  as 
the  Douglas  committee,  and  on  the  29th,  the  chairman  issued  a  call 
for  a  meeting  to  be  held  in  San  Francisco,  on  May  7th.  The  two 
state  committees  held  meetings  at  that  city  on  that  day,  but  without 
any  joint  arrangement  from  the  Douglas  committee.  The  news  of 
the  attack  on  Fort  Sumter  reached  California,  April  25th,  and  it 
created  an  intense  excitement.  Men  who  had  been  weak-backed 
before,  and  who  had  acted  with  the  Breckinridge  party  deserted  it 
and  attached  themselves  to  the  parties  that  were  more  loyal.  The 
Breckinridge  party  lost  strength  every  day,  and  the  principles  of 
the  Douglas  and  republican  parties  became  more  identical.  The 
meeting  of  the  Douglas  committee  was  presided  over  by  Joseph  P. 
Hoge.  A  communication  was  received  from  a  sub-committee  of  the 
Breckinridge  committee  asking  for  a  conference  with  a  view  of 
uniting  the  parties,  but  the  whole  matter  was  laid  on  the  table  by 
a  vote  of  20  to  5,  and  the  sub-committee  was  informed  that  no  nego- 
tiations would  be  entered  into. 

On  May  8th,  the  Douglas  committee  adopted  'the  following 
preamble  and  resolutions  : 

a.  WHEREAS,  The  democratic  party  has  ever  been  the  party  of 
fealty  to  free  government  and  fraternal  devotion  to  the  rights  of  the 
states  of  the  union,  and  of  unwavering  fidelity  to  the  laws,  the  con- 
stitution, the  union,  and  the  country — ready  to  maintain  them  by  all 
proper  means  and  at  every  sacrifice ;  and 

b.  WHEREAS,  The  country  is  now  defending  itself  against  a  war 
without  justification,  or  decent  excuse;  waged  upon  it   by  certain 
seceded  states — which  is  manifestly  a  war  for  the  invasion  of  our 
national  capital ;  for  the  overthrow  of  our  national  government ;  the 
oppression  of  the  loyal  states  ;  the  subjugation  of  the  union — a  war 
to  humble  in  the  dust  our  national  flag — to  wrench  from  the  Ameri- 


DOUGLAS  RESOLUTIONS.  163 

can  people  their  constitutional  rights  of  determining  for  themselves 
their  own  policy,  foreign  and  domestic,  and  to  blot  them  out  from 
the  class  of  the  great  powers  of  the  world ;  and 

c.  WHEREAS,  Such  war,  so  aggressive  in  its  character,  and  so 
deadly  in  its  purposes,  forces  upon  the  country  an  issue  which  can 
be  met  but  in  one  way  by  any  people  having  the  common  instinct  of 
self -preservation,  or  worthy  of  an  existence  as  a  nation ;  therefore, 
be  it  unanimously  resolved  by  this  committee  : 

1.  That,  at  this  time,  when  the  country  is  resisting  with  all  its 
might  a  war  of  invasion  and  destruction,  indifference  is  impossible 
to  the  patriot,  and  neutrality  is  cowardice,  if  not  premeditated  dis- 
loyalty. 

2.  That  the  people  of  California  in  the  past  have  been  most  anxi- 
ous for  peace  throughout  the  land,  and  will  hail  with  joy  an  honora- 
ble adj  ustment  in  the  future ;  at  the  same  time,  they  are  above  all 
things  for  the  union,  the  country,  and  the  flag,  against  all  assail- 
ants, no  matter  who  they  are,  whence  they  come,  or  with  what  power 
armed. 

3.  That,  in  this  great  crisis  of  the  American  nation  and  name, 
our  state  will  always,  as  heretofore,  faithfully  discharge  her  con- 
stitutional obligations  to  the  union  and  the  federal  government,  and, 
as  in  duty  bound,  will  earnestly  sustain  the  constituted  authorities 
at  Washington  in  all  measures  necessary  to  defend  and  protect  either 
against  this  most  unjustifiable  and  unnatural  war. 

4.  That,  in  the  name  of  the  loyal  people  of  California,  we  demand 
of  the  general  government,  by  all  its  power,  to  protect  their  lives 
and  property  on  the  high  seas,  between  this  coast  and  the  Atlantic, 
from  the  piratical  flag  which  already  threatens  injury,  and  would 
inflict  destruction  on  both. 

5.  That  all  former  partisan  differences  are  lost  in  the  present 
overwhelming  crisis ;  and  he  who  would  seek,  by  reviving  them,  to 
distract  the  people,  or  to  wrest  from  their  honest  and  patriotic  devo- 
tion some  sordid  partisan  advantage,  is  not  true  to  the  country  nor 
worthy  of  the  name  of  an  American  citizen. 

6.  That,  as  Calif ornians,  we  appeal  to  the  whole  people  of  Cali- 
fornia, without  distinction  of  party  or  reference  to  partisan  issues,  to 
stand  with  us  by  our  country  and  our  flag,  that  all  may  know  that 
the  great  union  democratic  party  of  California  is  the  overpowering 
majority  of  her  citizens. 

7.  That  with  these  views  we  cordially  invite  all  patriotic  men, 


164       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

who  hold  these  sentiments,  to  meet  in  grand  mass  convention  at 
Sacramento,  on  the  4th  day  of  July  next,  to  nominate  candidates  to 
be  supported  at  the  ensuing  election ;  and  we  recommend  in  the 
election  of  delegates,  that  the  only  test  be  approval  of  these  resolu- 
tions and  willingness  to  support  the  candidates  nominated. 

The  Breckinridge  committee  was  in  session  several  days  after  the 
attempt  at  amalgamating  the  parties  had  so  signally  failed.  The 
following  modes  of  settling  the  difficulties  in  the  east  were 
approved  : 

A  peaceful  dissolution  of  the  union,  by  recognizing  the  indepen- 
dence of  such  states  as  refuse  to  remain  in  the  union  without  such 
constitutional  amendments  as  will  insure  the  domestic  tranquillity, 
safety  and  equality  of  all  the  states,  and  thus  restore  the  peace, 
unity  and  fraternity  of  the  whole  country,  and  the  establishment  of 
a  liberal  system  of  commercial  and  social  intercourse  with  them  by 
treaties  of  commerce  and  amity. 

War,  with  a  view  to  the  subjugation  and  military  occupation  of 
those  states  which  have  seceded  or  may  secede  from  the  union. 

E.  E.  Eyre  introduced  a  resolution  of  unconditional  loyalty  to  the 
union,  but  it  was  lost — receiving  but  7  votes. 

A  grand  union  mass  meeting  was  held  at  San  Francisco,  on  May 
llth,  and  loyal  addresses  were  delivered  by  Senators  Latham  and 
McDougall  and  Generals  Shields  and  Sumner.  An  invitation  had 
been  sent  to  Governor  Downey  to  be  present,  and  in  reply,  he  sent 
a  letter  explaining  that  business  prevented  him  from  attending.  In 
the  letter,  he  said  : 

I  believe  that  the  only  means  of  preserving  the  American  union 
is  honorable  compromise  and  respect  for  the  constitutional  rights  of 
every  section.  I  believe  in  the  government  using  all  its  constitu- 
tional powers  to  preserve  itself  and  resist  aggression.  I  did  not 
believe  nor  do  I  now,  that  an  aggressive  war  should  be  waged  upon 
any  section  of  the  confederacy,  nor  do  I  believe  that  this  union  can 
be  preserved  by  a  coercion  policy. 

The  meeting  passed  strong  resolutions  in  support  of  the  federal 
government. 

In  May,  an  anonymous  address  was  published  for  a  "union"  state 
convention  to  be  held  June  13th,  for  the  purpose  of  nominating  a 


BRECKINRIDGE   CONVENTION.  165 

state  ticket  without  regard  to  politics,  and  with  a  view  of  uniting 
the  union  vote.  When  the  time  came  for  holding  the  convention 
but  a  corporal's  guard  was  present,  and  an  adjournment  was  had  to 
July  10th.  On  that  day,  very  few  persons  were  present,  and  the 
movement  was  abandoned.  The  republican  and  union  democratic 
conventions  had  met  and  nominated  their  tickets,  and  the  people 
who  desired  the  election  of  loyal  officers  felt  satisfied  that  the  suc- 
cess of  either  of  those  tickets  would  secure  that 


The  Breckinridge  democratic  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento, 
on  Tuesday,  June  1  1th.  It  was  composed  of  men  of  talent,  many  of 
whom  in  former  days  had,  to  a  great  extent,  led  the  democratic 
party  in  the  state.  The  convention  was  rather  a  small  body,  and 
several  of  the  counties  were  not  represented.  Charles  Lindley,  the 
chairman  of  the  state  committee,  called  the  convention  to  order,  and 
a  temporary  organization  was  effected.  On  the  12th,  Tod  Robinson 
was  elected  president,  and  Volney  E.  Howard,  James  T.  Farley, 
J.  E.  N.  Lewis,  F.  M.  Warmcastle,  Charles  S.  Fairfax,  G.  D.  Rob- 
erts, Charles  T.  Botts,  A.  P.  Crittenden,  J.  J.  Franklin,  James  A. 
Johnson,  S.  Heydenfeldt,  Charles  Lindley,  S.  W.  Sanderson,  and 
others  were  appointed  a  committee  on  resolutions. 

Mr.  Sanderson  submitted  the  following  minority  report  : 

The  undersigned,  member  of  the  committee  appointed  to  draft 
resolutions  expressive  of  the  sentiments  of  this  convention  upon  the 
political  questions  of  the  day,  respectfully  submits  the  following 
minority  report  : 

1.  That  the  democracy  of  California  endorse  and  reaffirm  the  prin- 
ciples and  doctrines  contained  in  the  Cincinnati  platform,  and  that 
adopted   at  the  national  convention  held   at  Baltimore,   in    1860, 
(except  so  far  as  the  same  shadows  forth  the  doctrine  of  secession), 
the  same  being  a  sound  exposition  of  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  rights  of  the  several  states  under  the  same.     That 
the  allegiance  of  every  citizen  of  the  United  States  is  due,  first,  to 
ihe   federal  government;    and,   second,   to  the  state   in   which   he 
resides. 

2.  That  while  we  recognize   the  right  of  the  people  to  change 
their  form  of  government  whenever  the  same  has  become  oppressive, 
or  failed  to  accomplish  the  end  and  object  of  all  governments,  to-wit: 
the  happiness  and  prosperity  of  the  governed,  we  emphatically  deny 
the  right  —  under  the  federal  constitution  —  of  any  state  to  withdraw 


166       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

from  the  union  without  the  consent  of  three-fourths  of  the  states 
thereof. 

3.  That  in  the  judgment  of  this  convention,  secession  is  revolu- 
tion, and  that  the  same  should  never  be  resorted  to  by  the  people 
except  upon  good  and  sufficient  cause. 

4.  That  while  we  believe  that  the  south   has  had  grievous  and 
just  cause  of  complaint  against  the  north  on  account  of  the  non-en- 
forcement of  the  fugitive  slave  law,  and  the  denial  to  her,  by  the 
republican  party,  of  equal  rights  in  the  territories,  and  that   the 
actual  enforcement  of  the  principles  of  the  Chicago  platform,  by  the 
present  or  any  subsequent  administration,  would  be  good  and  suffi- 
cient cause  for  revolution  on  the  part  of  the  south — it  is  the  judg- 
ment of  this  convention  that  such  cause  did  not  exist  at  the  time 
South  Carolina  seceded,  and  that  the  action  of  the  seceded  states  in 
withdrawing  from  the  union  has  been  hasty  and  premature. 

5.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  every  administration  to  uphold  the  federal 
constitution,  maintain  the  integrity  of  the  union,  and,  at  all  hazards, 
enforce  the  laws  in  every  section  thereof ;  and  that  it  is  the  duty  of 
every  citizen,  in  these  times  of  impending  danger  to  popular  govern- 
ment, to  stand  loyally  and  firmly  by  the  constitution  and  laws  of  his 
country. 

6.  That  California  is  unalterably  attached  to  the  union   of  the 
United  States,  and  that  she  repudiates  and  spits  upon  the  idea  of  a 
Pacific  republic. 

The  majority  of  the  committee  submitted  the  following : 

1.  That  the   democracy  of    California  endorse  and  reaffirm  the 
principles  and  doctrines  contained  in  the  Cincinnati  platform  and 
that  adopted  at  the  national  convention  held  at  Baltimore,  in  1860 — 
the  same  being  a  sound  exposition  of  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  rights  of  the  several  states  under  the  same. 

2.  That  we  are  opposed  to  the  employment  of  force  by  the  general 
government  against  the  seceded  states  for  the  purpose  of  compelling 
obedience  and  submission  to  federal  authority. 

3.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  preservation  of  the  union  upon 
constitutional  guarantees  which  will  be  acceptable  to  both  sections 
of  the  confederacy ;  but  if  that  desirable  consummation  be  impossi- 
ble, then  we  are  in  favor  of  the  recognition  of  the  independence  of 
the   confederate   states,  and  a  treaty  of  amity  and   peace  between 
them  and   the  United  States  government,  as  the  only  alternate  e 


BRECKINRIDGE  CONVENTION.  167 

which  will  terminate  the  horrors  of  civil  war  and  bring  back  peace 
and  happiness  to  our  distracted  country. 

4.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  California,  as  a  member  of  the  union,  to 
yield  obedience  to  all  constitutional  acts  of  congress,  and  to  all  con- 
stitutional and  legal  acts  of  the  federal  executive. 

5.  That  the  president  of  the  United  States  (Lincoln)  has  been 
guilty  of  the  violation  of  the  constitution,  and  usurpation  of  power,    , 
in  borrowing  and  appropriating  money,  raising  armies  and  increas- 
ing the  navy  without  the  authority  of  congress,  and  that  such  acts 
are  dangerous  to  liberty,  and  tend  to  convert  the  government  into  a 
military  despotism. 

6.  That  we  are  opposed  to  the  tariff  passed  by  the  late  congress, 
known  as  the  Morrill  tariff,  and  that  we  here  reiterate  the  doctrine 
of  the  democratic  party — in  favor  of  free  trade  and  in  opposition  to 
any  tariff  which  looks  to  the  protection  of  particular  interests  at  the 
expense  of  others,  and  that  the  principle  here  enunciated  is  of  more 
importance  to  the  people  of  the  Pacific  states  and  territories  than  to 
any  other  portion  of  the  union. 

The  following  were  offered  by  Lindley,  in  open  convention,  as  a 
substitute  for  both  series  : 

1.  That  the  avowal  of  Wm.  H.  Seward,  in  1850,  that  "there  is  a 
higher  law  than  the  constitution,"  and  his  subsequent  avowal  that 
"  the  conflict  is  irrepressible  " — the  rapid  growth  of  the  republican 
party  upon  these  sentiments — the  repudiation  by  the  state  govern- 
ments of  the  plain  letter  of  the  constitution,  and  of  the  decisions  of 
the  supreme  court  upon  the  slavery  guarantees — the  aggressions 
upon  the  institution  of  slavery  through  the  medium  of  the  republi- 
can press,  orators,  and  pulpits,  with  a  direct  tendency  to  produce  ser- 
vile insurrections — the  final  concentration  of  republican  will  in  the 
Chicago  platform,  culminating  in  the  election  of  President  Lincoln, 
and  the  appointment  of  the  author  of  the  "higher  law"  and  "irre- 
pressible conflict "  theories  as  premier  of  his  administration,  carry 
with  them,  as  a  conclusion  to  the  southern  mind,  the  apparent  final 
adoption,  by  a  majority  of  states,  of  the  doctrine  that  moral  law 
and  natural  rights,  as  viewed  from  their  standpoint,  are  paramount 
to  the  constitution  ;  the  total  disregard  by  the  administration  of  the 
supplications  of  the  conservative  border  states  for  a  peace  policy;  all 
these  things  have  alarmed  the  whole  south,  and  have  provoked  and 
expanded  into  fearful  proportions  the  present  revolution.  There- 


168       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

fore,  before  God,  the  civilized  world,  and  our  country,  we  charge  the 
republican  party  of  the  nation  as  being  the  primary  cause  of  plung- 
ing the  best,  the  happiest,  the  most  powerful  and  prosperous  nation 
on  earth  into  what  now  promises  to  be  the  most  terrible  civil  and 
sectional  war  ever  known  in  the  history  of  the  world. 

2.  That  we  condemn  the  mode  and  manner  adopted  by  the  south 
for  redress,  seeking  security  for  their  rights  out  of,  rather  than  in, 
the  union,  without  heeding  the  sincere  petitions  of  the  border  states. 
We   affirm    that   our   destinies   are    with    the  government  in   this 
struggle,  and  we  love  and  revere  the  flag  of  our  country  and  the  con- 
stitution as  our  fathers  made  it,  and  stand  pledged  to  protect  and 
defend  both,  and  preserve  the  integrity  of  that  nation  with  whose 
destiny  we  are  linked,  and  whose  honor  is  our  honor. 

3.  That  California,  as  a  state,  cannot  take  a  neutral  position  in 
this  trying  crisis  of  our  country;  that  she  must  either  remain  in  the 
union  or  go  out  of  it ;  that  we  intend  she  shall  remain  in  it,  loyal  to 
the  constitution  and  to  the  national  flag. 

4.  That  it  is  the  solemn  duty  of  our  state  to  contend  in  the  con- 
gress of  the  union,  for  peace,  and  urge  the  reception  of  commission- 
ers with  a  view  of  agreeing  upon  a  peaceful  settlement  of  our  diffi- 
culties by  guarantees   and   reunion.     If  this  should  fail,  then   let 
California  stand  (in  congress)  on  this  sectional  contest  between  her 
common  parents,  as  did  Burke  and  Pitt  in  the  commons  on  the  seven 
years'  struggle  between  England  and  her  colonies,  deploring  separa- 
tion, but  denying  the  policy  of  subjugation. 

5.  That  the  democratic  party  of  this  nation  has  ever  recognized 
the  constitution  of  our  country  as  the  highest  law  in  the  land,  and, 
with  the  watchwords,  the  "  union  and  the  constitution,"  carried  our 
country  safely  through  all  its  trials,  and,  in  view  of  the  impending 
peril,  it  is  the  duty  of  all  good  citizens  to  rally  to  the   standard  of 
that  party  which  has  ever  recognized   the  obligations  of  the  con- 
stitution upon  all,  and  the  constitutional  right  of  all  under  it,  and 
rescue,   if  possible,   our  whole  country  and  her  institutions  from 
both  northern  and  southern  fanaticism;  and  present  or  accept  any 
plan  of  peaceful  solution  which  can  be  honorably  adopted  by  our 
government. 

After  a  discussion,  in  which  Sanderson  addressed  the  convention 
at  length,  the  minority  report  submitted  by  him  was  rejected — only 
two  persons  voting  for  it.  The  substitute  resolutions  were  also  lost. 
The  report  of  the  majority  was  then  taken  up.  A  motion  to  amend 


BRECKINRIDGE   CONVENTION.  169 

the  first  resolution  by  adding  the  words  "provided  the  resolutions  of 
1798,  referred  to  in  this  platform,  should  not  be  construed  as 
declaratory  of  the  right  of  secession,"  was  lost,  and  the  original 
resolution  adopted.  Thomas  H.  Williams  offered  the  following 
substitute  for  the  second  resolution  : 

That  we  are  opposed  to  the  doctrine  of  the  republican  administra- 
tion— a  party  which  holds  that  the  constitution  of  the  United  States 
must  be  maintained,  and  the  union  preserved  by  the  exercise  of  the 
coercive  powers  confided  to  and  assumed  by  the  federal  government 
within  the  several  states,  in  opposition  to  the  will  of  the  people 
thereof. 

The  amendment  was  rejected,  and  the  original  resolution  adopted. 
James  T.  Farley  offered  the  following  substitute  for  the  third  reso- 
lution : 

That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  preservation  of  the  union  upon  con- 
stitutional guarantees  which  will  be  acceptable  to  both  sections  of 
the  confederacy,  and  that  we  believe  the  plan  of  settlement  pro- 
posed by  the  Hon.  John  J.  Orittenden,  of  Kentucky,  would  meet 
with  the  entire  approbation  of  the  conservative  men  in  all  sections 
of  the  union. 

F.  M.  Warmcastle  offered  the  following  substitute  for  the  sub- 
stitute : 

That  we  are  in  favor  of  and  will  urge  the  adoption  of  the  Critten- 
den  resolutions,  so  called,  or  any  other  measures  of  peace  and  com- 
promise which  will  restore  harmony  to  our  common  country. 

Both  substitutes  were  rejected.  Lindley  moved  to  amend  by  strik- 
ing out  all  after  the  first  proposition,  and  inserting  the  following 
instead  : 

Then,  we  are  in  favor  of  the  reception  of  peace  commissioners, 
for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  peaceful  settlement  of  our  difficulties, 
upon  such  terms  as  the  surrounding  circumstances  and  the  honor  of 
our  country  may  require. 

The  amendment  was  rejected,  and  the  original  resolution  adopted. 
The  fourth  resolution  was  agreed  to.  Kittrell  moved  to  amend  the 
fifth  resolution  by  adding :  "and  that  his  action  in  the  premises 
deserves  that  he  should  be  impeached  before  the  next  congress  of 
the  United  States."  A  delegate  said  that  Lincoln  deserved  impeach- 


170       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

I  ment  in  hell  and  heaven  as  well  as  on  earth,  and  the  remark  was 
received  with  applause.  The  amendment  was  lost  by  a  close  vote, 
and  the  original  resolution  adopted.  The  sixth  resolution  was 
agreed  to.  Williams  offered  the  following  additional  resolution  : 

That  the  speedy  construction  of  a  Pacific  railroad  is  a  national 
necessity;  and  that  the  democracy  of  California  earnestly  urge  the 
use  of  the  public  money  in  aid  of  such  work,  instead  of  the  prosecu- 
tion of  a  war  for  the  subjugation  of  the  seceded  states,  so  called, 
and  the  forcible  emancipation  of  negroes  held  as  property  within 
those  states. 

After  a  discussion,  all  after  the  words  "  seceded  states "  was 
stricken  out,  and  the  resolution,  as  amended,  adopted.  Farley  offered 
the  following  which  was  adopted  : 

That  we  recognize  the  plan  of  settlement  proposed  by  the  Hon. 
John  J.  Orittenden,  of  Kentucky,  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States, 
as  being  patriotic  and  just  to  all  sections  of  the  union,  and  it  should 
have  been  adopted  as  a  settlement  of  the  difficulties  existing  between 
the  contending  sections. 

On  the  13th,  Lindley  offered  the  following  : 

That  the  Kentucky  and  Virginia  resolutions  of  1798,  referred  to 
and  approved  by  us  in  the  Cincinnati  platform,  and  reaffirmed  by 
our  first  resolution,  are  not  construed  by  us  as  being  declaratory  of 
the  right  of  secession. 

Williams  offered  to  amend  by  adding  the  following:  "or  any 
other  specific  mode  of  redress."  After  a  lengthy  discussion,  a 
motion  to  lay  on  the  table  was  lost — 131  to  137;  the  amendment 
was  adopted,  and  the  resolution,  as  amended,  adopted.  The  conven- 
tion then  adjourned  until  July  23d.  £his  adjournment,  without 
making  nominations,  was  the  result  of  two  causes  :  First,  the  hope 
of  uniting  a  large  portion  of  the  Douglas  and  Bell  and  Everett 
parties  with  them  when  they  would  meet  again,  upon  the  common 
basis  of  opposition  to  the  administration — it  being  a  general  senti- 
ment among  the  delegates  that  a  reaction  would  take  place  in  a  few 
weeks  in  popular  sentiment,  which  would  array  a  powerful  party  in 
the  north  against  the  president's  war  policy;  and,  second,  the 
inability  to  fix  upon  a  standard  bearer.  At  the  adjourned  meeting, 
the  following  resolutions,  offered  by  H.  P.  Barber,  were  adopted : 


BRECKINRIDGE  CONVENTION.  171 

That  this  convention  is  unequivocably  opposed  to  the  bulkhead 
scheme,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  and  that  we  will  use  all  honora- 
ble means  to  prevent  and  defeat  a  measure  which  is  eminently  cal- 
culated to  create  a  moneyed  monopoly  for  a  few,  at  the  expense  of 
the  best  interests  of  the  many. 

That  we  tender  the  hand  of  cordial  welcome  and  friendship  to 
those  old  tried  democrats  in  the  eastern  states  who,  regardless  of 
threats  or  menaces,  are  standing  unflinchingly  at  their  posts,  bat- 
tling in  defense  of  the  old  Anglo-Saxon  rights  of  freedom  of  speech 
and  person  against  executive  usurpations  and  unauthorized  assump- 
tions of  power,  destructive  to  the  liberties  of  the  people  and  subver- 
sive of  a  free  government. 

Lindley  then  offered  the  following  : 

1.  That  the  federal  government  has  no  powers  except  such  as  are 
delegated  by  the  constitution,  or  clearly  implied  as  necessary  in 
executing  the  expressed  powers.     It  is  supreme  within  the  powers 
delegated,  and  has  the  constitutional  right  to  preserve  itself  intact, 
until  changed  or  destroyed,  by  means  provided  in  the  constitution. 

2.  That  the  state  governments  have  respectively  all  the  general 
powers  of  sovereignty  not  delegated  to  the  government,  and   are 
equally  supreme  within  the  limits  of  their  reserved  powers,  and  have 
also  the  right  to  preserve  themselves  intact.     There  is  no  "paramount 
allegiance"  to  either,  but  a  separate  and  complete  obligation  to  each 
within  their  respective  limits. 

3.  That  California,  from  her  institutions,  interests,  associations, 
and  patriotism,  remains  true  to  the  union,  and  loyal  to  the  constitu- 
tion and  flag  of  our  country. 

4.  That  we  condemn  both  northern  and  southern  agitators — aboli- 
tionists and  secessionists — for  plunging  our  country  into  sectional 
war.     It  should  be  the  mission  of  California  to  aid  in  arresting  this 
fearful  strife,  and   restoring  peace  to  our  distracted  people.     But 
she  must  contend  for  peace  as  a  question  of  policy  within  the  gov- 
ernment with  whose   destinies   she  is  cast,  and  whose  honor  is  our 
honor.     She  must  contend  for  it  to  preserve  the  whole  country.      If 
she  fails  in  this,  then  she  must  contend  for  it  as  a  means  of  preserv- 
ing from  exhaustion,  anarchy,  or  military  despotism,  those  states 
with  which  our  lot  is  cast. 

These  resolutions  gave  rise  to  a  prolonged,  and  in  some  respects, 
bitter  controversy,  which  lasted  during  the  greater  part  of  the  day. 


172       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

On  the  next  day,  they  were  referred  to  a  committee,  consisting  of 
A.  P.  Crittenden,  J.  J.  Franklin,  T.  H.  Williams,  P.  L.  Edwards, 
A.  Montgomery,  D.  F.  Douglass,  and  N.  E.  Whiteside. 

The  following  report  of  the  committee  was  adopted,  on  the  24th : 

That  convinced,  as  your  committee  are,  that  this  convention  did 
not,  and  does  not  intend  in  its  platform  to  express  any  opinion  what- 
ever in  favor  of  the  right  of  secession,  your  committee  do  not  con- 
sider it  either  necessary  or  proper  to  adopt  any  explanatory  resolu- 
tion upon  the  subject ;  and  believing  that  the  substance  of  the  third 
and  fourth  resolutions  presented  by  Mr.  Lindley  is  already  contained 
in  our  platform,  we  see  no  reason  for  any  further  declaration  of  our 
loyalty  to  the  union.  We,  therefore,  recommend  that  the  resolu- 
tions be  indefinitely  postponed. 

On  the  24th,  the  following  nominations  were  made  : 

John  R.  McConnell,  for  governor,  without  opposition. 

Jasper  O'Farrell,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
John  A.  Eagon  and  John  C.  Dudley. 

W.  0.  Wallace,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first 
ballot,  over  Sydney  L.  Johnson ;  H.  P.  Barber  and  J.  G.  Baldwin 
declining. 

H.  P.  Barber  and  D.  0.  Shattuck,  for  members  of  congress,  on 
the  first  ballot,  over  N.  E.  Whiteside,  R.  P.  Hammond  (declined), 
John  0.  Burch  (declined),  and  John  A.  McQuade  (declined). 

Samuel  H.  Brooks,  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  G.  W. 
Hook. 

Thos.  Findley,  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  John  Q. 
Brown;  R.  G.  Mesick  declining. 

Tod  Robinson,  for  attorney-general,  by  acclamation ;  John  Nugent, 
Humphrey  Griffith,  and  Edmund  Randolph  withdrawing.  tl 

Horace  A.  Higley,  for  surveyor-general,  without  opposition ;  W.  S. 
Green  withdrawing. 

M.  D.  Carr,  for  printer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  S.  W.  Ravely  and 
D.  Fairchild. 

Chas.'  S.  Fairfax,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  Tabb  Mitchell  and  John  R.  Kittrell. 

At  the  second  meeting  of  the  convention,  some  eight  or  nine 
counties,  not  represented  at  the  first  meeting,  had  delegates  present. 
Several  secession  speeches  were  made  in  the  convention,  the  most 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  173 

remarkable  of  which  was  delivered  by  Edmund  Randolph,  who 
declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  attorney-general  against  Robinson, 
and  after  announcing  that  he  was  opposed  to  the  policy  of  President 
Lincoln  and  the  war,*  said  : 

If  that  be  the  democratic  party  represented  by  yourselves,  then 
I  am  with  you  (applause).  If  it  be  any  other  party,  under  any 
other  name,  represented  by  anybody  else  under  God's  heaven,  then  I 
am  with  them.  My  thoughts  and  my  heart  are  not  here  to-night  in 
this  house.  Far  to  the  east,  in  the  homes  from  which  we  camer 
tyranny  and  usurpation,  with  arms"  in  its  hands,  is  this  night,  per- 
haps, slaughtering  our  fathers,  our  brothers,  and  our  sisters,  and 
outraging  our  homes  in  every  conceivable  way  shocking  to  the  heart 
of  humanity  and  freedom.  To  me,  it  seems  a  waste  of  time  to  talk. 
For  God's  sake,  tell  me  of  battles  fought  and  won.  Tell  me  of  the 
usurpers  overthrown;  that  Missouri  is  again  a  free  state,  no  longer 
crushed  under  the  armed  heel  of  a  reckless,  and  odious  despot.  Tell 
me  that  the  state  of  Maryland  lives  again ;  and  oh  !  let  us  read,  let 
us  hear,  at  the  first  moment  that  not  one  hostile  foot  now  treads  the 
soil  of  Virginia  (applause  and  cheers).  If  this  be  rebellion,  then  I 
am  a  rebel.  Do  you  want  a  traitor,  then  am  I  a  traitor  1  For 
God's  sake  speed  the  ball ;  may  the  lead  go  quick  to  his  heart,  and 
may  our  country  be  free  from  this  despot  usurper  that  now  claims 
the  name  of  president  of  the  United  States  (cheers). 

A  state  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Wm.  H.  Glas- 
cock,  A.  C.  Hinkson,  J.  E.  N.  Lewis,  Jas.  H.  Hardy,  0.  D.  Semple, 
J.  0.  Hunsaker,  D.  W.  Gelwicks,  T.  H.  Williams,  D.  E.  Buell,  G. 
W.  Hook,  John  Daggett,  J.  L.  Brent,  S.  A.  Merritt,  J.  W.  Bost, 
Geo.  D.  Roberts,  S.  B.  Wyman,  John  Q.  Brown,  0.  T.  Botts,  W. 
J.  Hooten,  T.  L.  Thompson,  A.  P.  Crittenden,  T.  Hayes,  J.  H. 
Wise,  J.  B.  Haggin,  V.  E.  Geiger,  J.  0.  Burch,  J.  B.  Lamar,  O. 
S  Witherby,  J.  L.  Ord,  W.  W.  McCoy,  0.  Lindley,  P.  L.  Edwards, 
E.  J.  C.  Kewen  and  others. 

The  republican  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  Tuesday, 
June  18,  1861,  and  was  called  to  order  by  B,  W.  Hatnaway,  chair- 
man of  the  state  committee.  Abo^.o  250  delegates  were  present. 
J.  McM.  Shafter  was  chosen  temporary  chairman,  and  on  permanent 
organization  A.  A.  Sargent  was  president ;  and  0.  P.  Hester,  Alfred 
Barstow,  L.  Hamilton,  G.  W.  Granniss,  L.  Cunningham,  Hart  Fel- 


174       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

lows,  Jas.  Collins  and  others  vice-presidents.  A  committee  on  reso- 
lutions was  appointed,  consisting  of  E.  B,  Crocker,  0.  J.  Hillyer, 
E.  G.  Waite,  A.  L.  Rhodes,  G.  W.  Granniss,  A.  H.  Myers,  H.  Cum- 
mings,  J.  A.  Banks,  G.  W.  Tyler  and  others.  .  On  the  19th  the  fol- 
lowing resolutions  were  adopted  : 

i-    1.  That  the  union  of  all  the  states   must  be  preserved,  the  fed- 

f  r^1**—  %^/  ^""~   •*—  —  &~~*—  »—  \x 

eral  constitution  sustained,  and  the  national  flag  respected  wherever 

it  waves. 

*"~2.  That  we  heartily  endorse  and  approve  the  firm,  bold  and  ener- 
getic course  of  the  present  administration  in  its  def  erise^of^  the  jxa.- 
tioiial  terrjtocjE*«iid  piupftt'ijt  j|rom  the  attacks  of  rebels  and  traitors, 
and  we  pledge  ourselves  and  all  that  we  have7  to  susftrrnrbhe  federal' 
government,  in  the  use  of  all  its  powers  in  maintaining  the  constitu- 
tion, enforcing  the  laws,  recapturing  and  preserving  the  national 
forts,  arsenals  and  other  property,  punishing  traitors,  and  in  defend- 
ing union  men  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 

3.  That  the  doctrine  that  %  fltiflfo  'Xinpflr'^r  to  theJ  ederal  govern- 


ment, and  that  the  former  has  a  paramount  claim  to  ouiTallegiance, 

ie\rii 


and  the  consequent  assumption  of  the  \right  of  secession,  is  repug- 
nant to  thecongtiitrntion/  and  to  every  principTe" 


€rnmem,  and  can  only  result  in  the  destruction  of  the  union  and  the 
establishment  of  a  general  anarchy. 

4.  That  we  point  with  pride  to  the  general  uprising  of  the  people 
of  all  classes jand  all  pajfcigsyj^oj^  native  and  foreign-born,  in  sup- 
port of  the  f  ederaT  a  dmmistration,  as  giving  assurance  to  the  world 
that  we  have  a  government  fixed  in  the  hearts  of  the  people,  and 
which  is  able  to  withstand  all  shocks,  whether  from  domestic  traitors 
or  foreign  foes,  and  as  giving  further  assurance  of  a  speedy  return  of 
peace  by  a  thorough  crushing  out  of  rebellion. 

The  words  "and  all  parties"  were  stricken  out  of  the  above  reso- 
lution in  the  convention. 

5.  That  we  invite  *  all  whoJkryji_the  union  and  the  constitution, 
and  who  favor  the  enforcement  of  the  laws,  to  unite  with  "us  in  one 
gr^a^a^aoinstration  party,  in  the  support  of  the  federal  government, 
and  the  defanseTnuTvmdication  of  the  national  flag. 

6.  That  our  present  public  school  systeTrf  should  be  sustained  in 
all  its  essential  features,  ancTeve'rj'  etfort  Sftould  be  made  to  extend 
its  benefits  and  efficiency,  and  keep  it  free  from  all  sectarian  influ- 
ences. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  175 

7.  That  under  our  present  administration  we  look  forward  with 
hope  to  the  speedy  completion  of  aPacific  rejjlroad*  and  the  adop- 
tion of  the  free  homestead  system  in  the  disposition  of  the  public 
lands. 

8.  That  we  are  opposed  to  the  granting  of  valuable  frn-"Q^^f«J^ 
pri"itL  Pities  nnlng~i  rlrnrjy  rrfym'rH  by  the  public  good ;  and  the 
opinions  and  interests  of  the  local  communities,  whose  rights  are 
thereby  affected,  should  always  be  consulted,  and  when  it  is  clearly 
requisite  that  such  franchises  should  be  confided  to  individuals  or 
incorporated  companies,  the  right  to  enjoy  them  should  be  opened 
to  free,  public  competition,  and  under  suitable  restrictions,  awarded 
to  those  who  will  accept  their  use  for  the   shortest  period,  or  pay 
into  the  public   treasury  the  largest  annual,  or  other  compensation- 

The  original  resolution  read  "shortest  period  and  pay,"  but  the 
"and  "  was  changed  to  "or"  in  the  convention. 

9.  That  in  this    hour  of    our   country's  peril,  the  death  of  the 
Hon.  Stephej^A-^^Pouglas,  whose  course  in  the  present  unfortu- 
nate crisis  of  our  affairs  is  so  honorably  in  contrast  with  that  of  some 
of  his  late  competitors  and  coadjutors,  is  a  national  calamity;  and 
that  in  rising  above   party  for  the  good  of  his  country  he  proved 
himself  a  true  patriot. 

A.   H.  Myers  offered  the  following,  which  was  laid  on  the  table  : 

That  in  the  opinion  of  this  convention  the  interference  of  federal 
officials  in  local  conventions  and  elections  is  a  fruitful  source  of  cor- 
ruption, and  should  be  discontinued. 

A.  M.  Crane  offered  the  following,  which  was  indefinitely  post- 
poned—135  to  108  : 

That  the  treasonable  conclave  who  recently  assembled  in  this  place, 
and  under  the  name  of  a  democratic  convention,  put  forth  to  the 
people  a  platform  announcing  in  substance  their  sympathy  for  trait- 
ors, and  in  condemnation  of  the  federal  administration  in  its  at- 
tempts to  preserve,  defend  and  vindicate  the  constitution  and  laws, 
meets  with  the  most  unqualified  condemnation  of  this  convention, 
and,  as  we  believe,  of  a  vast  and  overwhelming  majority  of  the  peo- 
ple of  this  state. 

The  following  candidates  were  nominated  on  the  19th  and  20th: 


176       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

'  Leland  Stanford,  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  having  received 
197  votes,  to  104  for  T.  G.  Phelps,  and  24  for  D.  J.  Staples;  Sam- 
uel B.  Bell  withdrawing. 

f  John  F.  Chellis,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
Alex.  G.  Abell  and  Hiram  Cummings;  A.  M.  Crane  withdrawing. 
*T.  G.  Phelps  and  Aaron  A.  Sargent,  for  congressmen,  over  Chas. 

A.  Tuttle,  S.  B.  Bell,  F.  F.  Fargo,  Alex.  Campbell,  Frank  M.  Pixley, 
D.  R.  Ashley,  and  D.  J.  Staples. 

Edward  Norton,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  Oscar  L.  Shafter. 

Frank  M.  Pixley,  for  attorney-general,  without  opposition. 

Frank  F.  Fargo,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  A.  L.  Rhodes,  John  L.  Sykes,  and  James  Green. 

George  R.  Warren,  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  W. 
Jones,  Louis  Jazinsky,  T.  C.  Boucher,  George  0.  Hough,  and  F.  F. 
Low. 

J.  F.  Houghton,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  A. 

B.  Bowers,  J.  E.  Whicher,  and  D.  T.  Hall. 

Benjamin  P.  Avery,  for  printer,  without  opposition  ;  F.  Eastman, 
James  W.  Towne,  F.  Blake,  George  Amerige,  and  H.  S.  Crocker 
withdrawing. 

Delos  R.  Ashley,  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  William 
Jones,  A.  E.  Hooker,  and  M.  B.  Clute. 

It  is  a  matter  of  curiosity  that,  with  one  exception,  the  nominees 

were  from  either  New  York  or  Massachusetts.     A  state  committee 

twas  selected,  composed  of  A.  B.  Nixon,  F.  F.  Low,  B.  W.  Hatha- 

|way,  A.  Barstow,  0.  L.  Taylor,   A.  G.  Abell,   L.  R.  Lull,  William 

[Sherman,  Charles  Maclay,  and  others. 

^  The  union  democratic  state  convention  met  in  Sacramento  on 
Thursday,  July  4th,  with  about  650  delegates  present.  All  of  the 
counties  were  represented,  and  it  was  the  largest  convention  of  a 
party  character  that  had  assembled  in  the  state.  Jos.  P.  Hoge, 
chairman  of  the  state  committee,  called  it  to  order,  and  Leander 
Quint  was  chosen  temporary  chairman.  On  the  5th,  James  W.  Cof- 
froth  was  elected  president,  and  A.  B.  Dibble,  Charles  E.  Allen,  A. 
Redington,  C.  B.  Fowler,  J.  G.  Wickersham,  P.  E.  Conner,  C.  V.  R. 
Lee,  T.  N.  Cazneau,  A.  Deering,  A.  C.  Brown,  and  others,  vice- 
presidents.  The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of  M.  Fallen, 
A.  C.  Brown,  H.  J.  Tilden,  D.  P.  Durst,  John  Hume,  H.  U.  Jen- 
nings, J.  T.  Ryan,  A.  Deering,  E.  McGarry,  J.  K.  Byrne,  J.  E.  Hale, 


UNION  DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  177 

T.  B.  Shannon,  A.  Redington,  A.  J.  Bryant,  W.  F.  White,  A. 
Schell,  C.  E.  Fisher,  J.  H.  Lawrence,  O.  Wolcott,  0.  I.  Hutchinson, 
C.  E.  DeLong,  and  others.  On  the  6th,  the  same  preamble  that  had 
been  adopted  by  the  Douglas  state  committee  on  May  8th  was  adopted 
by  the  convention,  except  that  in  paragraph  "b"  the  words,  "trea- 
sonable combinations  in  certain  states  claiming  to  have  seceded  from 
the  union,"  appeared  in  place  of  the  words,  "certain  seceding  states" 
(p.  162).  The  following  resolutions  were  agreed  to: 

I.  (The  same  as  the  first  resolution  of  the  committee,  except  that 
the  words,  "with  all  its  might,"  were  omitted — p.  163.) 

(Resolutions  2,  3,  and  4  were  the  same  as  the  resolutions  of  like 
numbers  adopted  by  the  committee.) 

5.  That  in  the  present  overwhelming  crisis,  he  who  would  seek  by 
reviving  past  partizan  issues — (The  balance  of  the  resolution  was 
the  same  as  the  fifth  resolution  of  the  committee,  after  the  words, 
"reviving  them" — p.  163.) 

6.  That  we  hold  our  paramount  allegiance  is  due  to  the  federal 
government ;  that  the  right  of  state  secession  is  a  dangerous  heresy, 
inevitably  destructive  of  our  form  of  government. 

7.  That  obedience  to  the  constitutional  will  of  majorities  is  the 
only   safeguard  of    republican  governments ;  that   we  will   uphold 
the  constitutional  authorities,  under  all  circumstances  and  at  all 
hazards,  in  maintaining  federal  jurisdiction  in  its  sphere,  regardless 
of  what  party  may  be  in  power. 

8.  That  governments  are  political  organizations,  armed  with  co- 
ercive power,  without  which  they  cannot  exist.     That  it  is  not  only 
no  assumption  of  authority  upon  the  part  of  governments,  but  their 
positive  duty,  to  exercise  such  coercive  power  in  order  to  maintain 
themselves  against  either  foreign  invasion  or  domestic  rebellion. 

9.  That  we  trace  the  causes  through  which  the  present  rebellion 
has  been  accomplished  to  the  existence  of  sectional  political  parties 
in  the  country;  one,  founded  upon  anti-slavery,  the  other  pro-slavery 
— both  equally  anti-democratic,  and   destructive  of  the  peace,  har- 
mony, and  prosperity  of  the  country ;  that   it  is   the  duty  of  the 
union  democratic   party  to  take  a  strong  conservative  position  in 
this  the  hour  of  our  country's  trial,  and  rallying  around  our  national 
flag,  present  an  unbroken  front  to  all  sectional  agitation. 

10.  (The  same  as  the  sixth  resolution  adopted  by  the  committee.) 

II.  That  in  the   death  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  the  democratic 
party  has   lost  a  great   and   mighty  leader ;  the  country  a  true  pa- 

12 


178       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 


triot,  and  our  nation  one  of  its  brightest  ornaments  and  noblest  ben- 
efactors, and  that  in  his  dying  words  he  has  left  us  an  imperishable 
legacy  which  will  constitute  in  history  the  highest  tribute  to  his 
memory. 

D.  D.  Colton  offered  the  following,  which  were  laid  on  the  table  : 

1.  That  California  has  too  long   suffered   from  special,  excessive 
and  wasteful  legislation;  that  we  are  unalterably  opposed  to  all  law- 
making  for  private  profit  at  the  the  public  expense,  and  especially 
to  all   schemes  for   giving  up  the  water  front  and  commerce  of  the 
state  at   San   Francisco  to   private   parties   or  companies  under  the 
pretext  of  a  bulkhead,  seawall,    wharf,  combination,  or  any  other 
name  or  semblance  whatever.      And  we  recommend   that  candidates 
for  the  legislature  be  pledged  to  this  resolution. 

2.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  the  legislature,  by  all  proper  means,  to 
increase,   maintain,  and  preserve  the  common   school   fund  of  the 
state,  the  general  education  of  the  people  being  its  practical  power, 
prosperity  and  greatness. 

On  the  8th  and  9th,  the  following  nominations  were  made  : 
John  Gonness  for  governor,  on  the  fourteenth  ballot,  over  John 
G.  Downey,  J.  W.  McCorkle,   Eugene  Gasserly,  John  Bidwell,  and 
Samuel  Platt.      The  various  ballotings  were  as  follows  : 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12  |  13 

14 

212 

178 

'8 

52 

227 
171 
157 
49 
50 

231 
179 
152 
40 
52 

237 
169 

148 
47 
52 

240 
172 
147 
39 
55 

239 
174 
150 
32 
57 

231 
176 
150 
34 
62 

233 
178 
147 
35 
61 

235 
180 
147 
40 
52 

238 
183 
148 
39 
46 

261 
170 
163 
40 

wit 

282 
179 
162 
81 
tidra 

297 
184 
164 

wn. 

336 
123 
183 

Downey        

Bidwell        

McCorkle 

Richard  Irwin,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
Thomas  B.  Shannon,  J.  H.  Hill,  and  O.  K.  Smith. 

Henry  Edgerton  and  Joseph  C.  McKibben,  for  congressmen,  over 
James  W.  Coffroth,  J.  I.  Pitzer,  David  Mahoney,  R.  M.  Briggs,  and 
Charles  E.  DeLong. 

B.  C.  Whitman,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  without  oppo- 
sition. 

George  S.  Evans,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  second 
ballot,  over  M.  D.  Boruck,  W.  A.  Gard,  James  D.  Ryan,  and  Wm. 
Hayden. 

George  W.  Bowie,  for  attorney-general,  without  opposition,  Frank 
Hereford,  W.  G.  Morris,  C.  T.  Ryland,  S.  W.  Brockway,  S.  G. 
Clarke,  and  F.  B.  Higgins,  withdrawing. 


STATE  ELECTION.  179 

J.  T.  Landrum,  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  I.  N.  Daw- 
ley  and  Thomas  Findley. 

James  E.  Nuttman,  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Austin 
W.  Thompson  and  M.  Gray. 

J.  J.  Gardiner,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  W. 
S.  Watson,  John  Doherty,  J.  J.  Cloud,  and  John  Allen. 

John  R.  Ridge,  for  printer,  on  the  third  ballot,  over  John  White, 
W.  J.  Forbes,  Thomas  A.  Springer,  James  H.  Lawrence,  Andrew 
Black,  and  Wm.  Biven. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  A.  C.  Brown,  John 
Hume,  Wm.  Higby,  W.  G.  Morris,  J.  T.  Ryan,  A.  Deering,  E.  Mc- 
Garry,  L.  Quint,  J.  K.  Byrne,  L.  B.  Arnold,  J.  W.  Ooffroth,  0.  V. 
R.  Lee,  J.  0.  Davis,  J.  B.  Southard,  W.  J.  Forbes,  L.  N.  Ketchum, 
J.  P.  Hoge,  D.  D.  Oolton,  P.  Donahue,  C.  E.  DeLong,  L.  D.  Lati- 
mer,  S.  H.  Chase,  J.  J.  Green,  A.  Redington,  Frank  Denver,  W.  B. 
Hunt,  M.  Walden,  and  others. 

On  July  31st  an  attempt  was  made  to  hold  a  Breckinridge  ratifi- 
cation meeting  at  San  Francisco,  but  the  people  refused  to  hear  the 
speakers.  The  candidate  for  governor  endeavored  to  make  himself 
heard,  but  he  only  partially  succeeded.  Other  meetings  of  the 
same  party,  held  elsewhere  in  the  state,  were  also  disturbed  and 
broken  up. 

Under  the  congressional  apportionment,  based  on  the  census  of 
1860,  California  became  entitled  to  three  representatives  in  con- 
gress, and  the  several  state  committees  agreed  to  place  on  each 
ticket  another  candidate  for  congress.  On  August  20th,  the  repub- 
lican committee  nominated  Frederick  F.  Low ;  on  the  22d,  the 
union  democratic  committee  nominated  Joseph  R.  Gitchell ;  and  on 
the  27th,  the  Breckinridge  committee  nominated  F.  Ganahl. 

Towards  the  close  of  the  campaign,  a  settlers'  ticket  was  placed  in 
the  field,  but  it  cut  no  particular  figure  in  the  fight.  It  was  made  up 
from  the  other  tickets,  and  endorsed  Conness  for  governor,  Irwin  for 
lieutenant-governor,  Phelps  and  McKibben  for  congressmen,  Norton 
for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  Fargo  for  clerk  of  the  supreme 
court,  Bowie  for  attorney-general,  Ashley  for  treasurer,  Nuttman 
for  controller,  and  Gardiner  for  surveyor-general. 

The  election  was  held  on  Wednesday,  September  4th,  and  resulted 
in  a  complete  triumph  for  the  republican  ticket.  It  was  attended 
with  considerable  excitement,  and  at  San  Francisco  a  few  prominent 
secessionists  were  driven  from  the  polls.  Weapons  were  drawn,  but 


180      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA, 

no  person  was  hurt.  In  a  private  conversation  during  the  campaign, 
McOonnell  had  stated,  it  was  said,  that  as  Kentucky  would  go  so  he 
would  go,  and  that  Kentucky  would  go  out  of  the  union.  This 
remark  was  used  with  effect  against  him,  and  on  the  eve  of  the  elec- 
tion he  published  a  letter,  in  which  he  stated  that  if  he  should  be 
elected  he  would  obey  the  federal  requisitions  for  troops,  etc. ;  but 
his  profession  of  loyalty  came  too  late  to  save  him  from  defeat. 

An  effort  was  made  late  in  the  campaign  to  consolidate  the  union 
democratic  and  republican  parties  and  tickets,  but  it  failed  of  con- 
summation. 

The  vote  of  the  state  was  officially  canvassed  on  October  17th,  and 
the  following  result  was  exhibited : 

For  Governor— Stanford,  56,036;  Oonness,  30,944;  McOonnell, 
32,751. 

Lieutenant-Governor— Ghellis,  52,593  ;  Irwin,  34,479;  O'Farrell, 
32,356. 

Congressmen— Phelps,  51,651;  Sargent,  50,692;  Low,  39,060; 
Edgerton,  35,449 ;  McKibben,  35,401 ;  Gitchell,  22,550  ;  Barber, 
31,591;  Shattuck,  31,712;  Ganahl,  24,036. 

Justice  of  the  /Supreme  Court — Norton,  53,652 ;  Whitman,  34,- 
034;  Wallace,  31,970. 

Attorney-General—  Pixley,  48,664;  Bowie,  37,615;  Robinson, 
31,880. 

Treasurer— Ashley,  51,868;  Landrum,  34,116;  Findley,  33,153. 

Controller— Warren,  51,658;  Nuttman,  35,186;  Brooks,  31,239. 

Surveyor-General — Houghton,  51,373;  Gardiner,  35,439;  Higley, 
32,179. 

Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  —  Fargo,  51,017;  Evans,  36,487; 
Fairfax,  32,314. 

Printer— A  very,  52,160;  Ridge,  34,849;  Oarr,  32,300. 

After  the  election,  a  number  of  southern  sympathizers  left  the 
state  to  join  the  confederate  army,  and  not  a  few  citizens  of  Cali- 
fornia enlisted  in  the  federal  army.  On  August  3d,  Austin  E. 
Smith,  a  son  of  "Extra  Billy"  Smith,  and  who  had  been  promi- 
nently connected  with  state  politics,  was  arrested  for  treason  in 
New  York,  on  the  arrival  of  the  California  steamer,  on  which  he 
was  a  passenger.  Senator  Gwin,  Calhoun  Benham,  and  J.  L.  Brent 
were  also  arrested  on  board  of  a  steamer  for  the  east  by  General 
Sumner,  for  the  same  offence,  and  placed  in  a  New  York  jail. 
None  of  the  parties  were  detained  long.  D.  Sho waiter  and  a  party 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  181 

who  were  making  their  way  south  overland,  were  overhauled  and 
brought  back  and  imprisoned  for  a  time.  Congressman  Scott  did 
not  return  to  the  state,  but  went  south  and  joined  the  confederate 
army.  Ex-congressman  Herbert  also  fought  against  the  union,  and 
was  killed  in  action.  Late  in  November,  controller  Brooks  pri- 
vately placed  his  resignation  in  the  hands  of  the  governor,  and  after 
disposing  of  his  property,  left  the  state  and  enlisted  in  the  southern 
army. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

1862.     Union  Resolutions — Union  Convention — Douglas  Convention — 
,  Breckinridge  Convention. 

Early  in  the  session  of  the  legislature  of  1862,  resolutions  on  the 
state  of  the  union  were  introduced,  and,  as  in  the  session  of  1861, 
they  gave  rise  to  lengthy  debates.  On  April  4th,  a  preamble  and 
series  of  resolutions  were  adopted  by  both  houses,  which  recited  that 
the  federal  government  was,  at  that  time,  struggling  to  put  down  a 
formidable  rebellion,  and  to  preserve  the  integrity  of  the  union, 
under  which,  by  the  blessing  of  heaven,  we  had  grown  to  be  a  great 
and  prosperous  nation  ;  and  that  the  people  of  this  state,  as  a  part  of 
the  common  government,  whose  existence  had  become  endangered 
by  such  a  rebellion,  could  not,  with  honor  or  propriety,  remain  silent 
or  passive.  Therefore,  it  was  resolved,  that  the  attachment  of  the 
people  of  California  to  the  union  of  the  states  in  one  undivided 
nation  is  firm  and  unalterable ;  that  the  rebellion  was  without  justi- 
fication or  decent  excuse,  and  was  but  the  result  of  a  wicked  con- 
spiracy long  since  formed  by  designing  and  ambitious  men  to  over- 
throw our  republican  form  of  government,  and  subvert  the  liberties 
of  the  American  people ;  that  they  favored  the  most  thorough  and 
vigorous  prosecution  of  the  war ;  that  they  viewed  with  pride  and 
admiration  the  conservative  and  patriotic  course  pursued  by  the 
president,  and  denounced  as  enemies  of  the  country  all  those  who 
sought  to  divide  the  executive  councils  or  embarrass  the  govern- 
ment either  by  captious  criticism  or  by  efforts  to  convert  the  war 
into  a  means  for  carrying  out  ultra  political  doctrines ;  that  the  peo- 
ple of  the  state  pledged  their  cordial  and  earnest  support  to  the 
federal  government;  that  the  questions  which  had  in  the  past 
divided  the  people  into  different  political  organizations  had  either 


182       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

become  obsolete  or  were  for  the  time  being  in  abeyance,  and  that 
the  only  vital  issue  before  the  country  was  the  one  of  loyalty  or  dis- 
loyalty. While  the  resolutions  were  under  consideration  in  the 
senate,  on  March  6th,  R.  F.  Perkins  offered  an  amendment  recom- 
mending that  the  slaves  in  the  south  be  armed,  but  it  received  but 
one  vote — his  own. 

F.  F.  Low,  who  had  been  elected  a  third  member  of  congress  in 
1861,  proceeded  to  Washington  and  presented  his  credentials,  but 
was  not  admitted  to  a  seat  in  the  house  of  representatives,  until 
June  3d. 

The  subject  of  uniting  the  republican  and  union  democratic  par- 
ties continued  to  be  agitated  in  1862,  and  many  of  the  prominent 
members  of  those  parties  favored  abandoning  both  party  organiza- 
tions and  forming  a  new  party,  the  foundation  principle  of  which 
should  be  the  support  of  the  union  and  of  the  administration  of 
President  Lincoln.  A  considerable  number  of  union  democrats, 
however,  desired  that  no  change  should  be  made.  They  disliked  the 
abolition  doctrine  of  the  republicans  and  the  secession  sentiment  of 
the  Breckinridge  democracy,  and  preferred  to  occupy  the  middle 
ground.  It  was  very  evident,  however,  that  their  party  was  rapidly 
approaching  dissolution,  and  that  portions  of  it  would  go  to  each  of 
the  other  parties. 

On  April  6th,  several  of  the  state  officers  addressed  a  letter  to 
Governor  Stanford,  in  which  they  stated  that  much  discussion  had 
arisen  as  to  the  propriety  of  calling  a  republican  state  convention  to 
nominate  a  party  candidate  for  the  only  state  office  to  be  filled  that 
year,  and  asked  his  opinion  as  to  the  expediency  of  calling  such  a 
convention.  The  governor  replied,  on  the  9th,  and  advised  that  a 
republican  convention  be  called,  and  that  a  strict  party  organization 
be  maintained.  The  letter  was  the  subject  of  considerable  comment, 
and  was  criticised  by  some  of  the  papers  as  being  at  variance  with 
the  views  of  a  majority  of  the  party. 

A  meeting  of  republican  and  union  democratic  members  of  the 
legislature,  who  were  of  a  liberal  turn,  was  held  on  the  26th  of 
April,  for  consultation,  and  it  was  resolved  that  the  state  committees 
of  the  two  parties  be  requested  to  jointly  call  a  union  administration 
convention. 

On  April  28th,  the  republican  committee  issued  a  call  for  a  state 
convention  of  the  people  who  were  in  favor  of  sustaining  the  national 
administration,  and  of  maintaining  the  constitution  of  the  United 


UNION  DEMOCRA  TS.  183 

States,  and  preserving  the  union  entire.  The  name  "  republican  " 
was  dropped  from  the  call,  which  was  issued  in  response  to  a  numer- 
ously signed  request  directed  to  the  committee,  asking  it  to  take  the 
step  as  the  initial  move  towards  forming  a  new  party. 

An  adjourned  meeting  of  the  legislative  caucus  was  held  on  the 
same  evening,  which  was  attended  by  twenty-nine  members.  Reso- 
lutions were  unanimously  adopted  endorsing  the  republican  com- 
mittee call,  and  recommending  that  the  loyal  voters  of  the  state 
respond  by  the  election  of  delegates  to  the  convention.  They  also 
declared  that  the  call  sunk  party  designations  and  issues,  and  that 
instead  of  being  a  call  for  a  party  convention,  it  appealed  to  those 
who  sustained  the  administration  and  the  union.  It  was  suggested 
that  a  more  specific  invitation  be  extended  to  the  union  democrats 
to  co-operate  in  the  election  of  delegates,  by  a  call  from  their  state 
committee. 

In  the  meantime,  in  San  Francisco,  efforts  were  being  made  to 
effect  a  fusion  of  the  Breckinridge  and  union  democracy  upon  the 
basis  of  opposition  to  Lincoln's  administration. 

On  May  6th,  David  D.  Colton,  the  chairman  of  the  union  demo- 
cratic state  committee,  addressed  a  letter  to  Senator  W.  Van  Dyke, 
chairman  of  the  legislative  caucus,  in  response  to  the  request  that 
had  been  made  for  the  committee  to  unite  in  the  call  for  the  union 
administration  convention.  In  the  letter,  Colton  said  that  he 
endorsed  the  union  sentiments  in  the  caucus  resolutions  ;  that  he  had 
neither  the  disposition  nor  the  power,  acting  as  chairman  of  the 
committee,  to  abandon  the  party  organization  and  assist  in  the  con- 
struction of  a  new  party;  that  a  union  of  union  men  was  not  neces- 
sary; that  as  true  and  loyal  men  as  there  were  in  California  had  voted 
for  McConnell,  as  the  most  available  candidate  to  defeat  the  republi- 
can nominee ;  that  there  was  not  then  any  considerable  secession 
element  in  the  state ;  that  more  than  half  of  the  federal  soldiers  in 
the  field  were  democrats ;  that  the  democratic  patriots  at  home 
should  pray  for  the  absent,  and  keep  up  the  old  democratic  party;  that 
that  party  alone  could  administer  the  government  properly;  that  the 
best  of  a  hundred  good  reasons  why  the  democratic  party  should 
neither  fuse  with  the  republicans  nor  aid  in  building  up  a  new 
party,  was  that  when  peace  was  restored,  the  people  would  as 
instinctively  look  to  the  democratic  party  to  guide  and  control 
them,  as  would  the  mariner,  after  a  frightful  storm,  turn  his  eyes 
to  the  compass  to  direct  his  course ;  that  the  dismemberment  of 


184       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

the  democratic  party  at  Charleston  was  but  temporary,  and  that  the 
war  would  soon  be  ended,  and  the  nation  and  the  democracy  would 
be  restored  to  their  original  strength  and  purity.  The  letter  was 
regarded  as  a  strong  bid  for  the  peaceful  adjustment  of  the  differ- 
ences in  the  democratic  party. 

On  the  7th,  the  republican  committee  again  met  and  extended  a 
specific  invitation  to  the  union  democratic  committee  to  co-operate 
with  them  in  the  call  for  the  union  convention. 

Pursuant  to  the  call  issued  by  the  republican  committee,  the  union 
administration  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  Tuesday, 
June  17th.  The  attendance  of  delegates  was  quite  large,  and  the 
majority  of  them  were  republicans.  The  convention  was  called  to 
order  by  William  Sherman,  chairman  of  the  republican  state  com- 
mittee, and  G.  W.  Tyler  was  chosen  temporary  chairman  over  Alex. 
G.  Abell.  In  the  evening  a  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed, 
consisting  of  Delos  R.  Ashley,  C.  B.  Porter,  T.  J.  Keyes,  0.  I. 
Hutchinson,  Warner  Oliver,  Benj.  P.  A  very,  Thos.  Fitch,  Nathaniel 
Holland,  T.  W.  Park,  R.  H.  Farquhar,  William  Higby  and  others. 
On  permanent  organization,  Walter  Van  Dyke  was  president ;  and 
0.  P.  Hester,  B.  W.  Hathaway,  Dr.  C.  Duncornbe,  George  C.  Gor- 
ham,  B.  R.  Nickerson,  Wm.  Sherman,  and  others,  vice-presidents.  A 
motion  was  made  to  appoint  a  committee  to  select  a  state  committee, 
to  be  composed  of  one  member  from  each  senatorial  district,  and  it  was 
agreed  to  after  some  debate.  On  the  18th,  the  committee  on  resolu- 
tions made  the  following  report  which  was  unanimously  adopted  : 

1.  That  we  heartily  endorse  the  present  national  administration, 
and  hereby  pledge  ourselves  to  sustain  it  in  all  its  efforts  to  preserve 
the  union. 

2.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  a  vigorous  prosecution  of  the  war, 
without  regard  to  cost  or  sacrifice,  until  the  last  armed  rebel  is  dis- 
armed and  the  supremacy  of  the  national  government  acknowledged 
in  every  state  and  territory  of  the  union. 

3.  That  we  have  no  sympathy  with  any  party  or  person   who 
advocates  a  peace  on  any  terms  while  there  is  an  enemy  of  the  union 
in  open  rebellion  against  the  government;  and  that  such  a  peace 
would  prove  to  be  but  a  hollow  truce,  leading  again  to  rebellion  and 
war,  and  would  be  a  lasting  disgrace  to  us  and  to  our  country. 

4.  That  every  citizen  of  the  United  States  owes  an  allegiance  to 
the  national  government  which  is  paramount  to  his  allegiance  to 


COMMITTEE  RESOLUTIONS.  135 

any  state,  and  that  any  other  doctrine  would  be  repugnant  to  the 
constitution  and  to  every  principle  upon  which  our  government  is 
founded. 

5.  That  since  the  inauguration  of  the  present  national  administra- 
tion, all  issues  heretofore  dividing  the  loyal  people  of  the  different 
political  parties  have  been  settled,  and  the  only  issue  now  before  the 
nation  is  union  or  disunion. 

6.  That  we  call  upon  all  loyal  citizens  of  this  state  to  unite  with 
us  in  a  union  party,  which  shall  place  California  where  she  of  right 
belongs — high  in  the  rank  of  states,  ready  to  sacrifice  all  to  pre- 
serve the   rich  heritage  of  liberty  bequeathed   to  us   by  our  fore- 
fathers. 

The  committee  appointed  on  the  preceding  day  reported  the  follow- 
ing names  of  gentlemen  to  constitute  the  state  committee,  and  the 
report  was  adopted  :  Wm.  Sherman,  Alfred  Barstow,  A.  G.  Abell, 
James  de  la  Montanya,  W.  G.  Still,  Charles  A.  Dana,  James  F. 
Kennedy,  N.  Holland,  A.  E.  Hooker,  A.  A.  DeLong,  T.  K.  Wilson, 
W.  H.  Pratt,  George  Oulton,  B.  P.  Avery,  Charles  James,  J.  C. 
Birdseye,  Thomas  Campbell,  and  others. 

John  Swett  was  nominated  for  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion, on  the  first  ballot,  over  George  W.  Reed,  T.  N.  Machin,  Frank 
Soule,  J.  B.  McChesney,  and  A.  H.  Myers. 

The  following  additional  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

7.  That  we  congratulate  the  army  and  navy  of  the  United  States 
upon  the  recent  brilliant  victories  which  their  valor  has  achieved, 
and  bespeak  for  them,   when  their  work   shall  have  been  accom- 
plished and  peace  consummated  in  the  restoration  of  the  union,  the 
warm  gratitude  of  all  true  patriots. 

8.  That  the  thanks  of  California  are  due  to   the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives of  the  United   States,  for  their  prompt  action  in  the  pas- 
sage of  the  Pacific  railroad  bill. 

The  union  democratic  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco  on 
July  2d,  1862,  and  was  presided  over  by  D.  D.  Colton.  Resolutions 
were  adopted  endorsing  the  action  of  the  chairman  in  refusing  to 
disband  the  party  at  the  request  of  the  republican  committee ;  and 
expelling  from  their  committee  William  Higby,  "who  had  betrayed 
the  trust  reposed  in  him,  by  counseling,  advising  and  co-operating 
with  the  republican  leaders  and  officeholders  for  the  purpose  of  dis- 
organizing the  union  democratic  party."  The  various  corninunica- 


186       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

tions  requesting  the  committee  to  sanction  the  union  administration 
movement  were  laid  on  the  table.  A  preamble  and  resolutions  were 
adopted  declaring  it  to  be  inexpedient  to  call  a  state  convention  to 
nominate  a  party  candidate  for  school  superintendent.  James  J. 
Green  and  L.  B.  Arnold  resigned  as  members  of  the  committee,  and 
several  other  members  were  not  present  at  the  meeting,  as  they 
had  ceased  to  act  with  the  party.  The  following  resolutions  were 
adopted  : 

The  union  democratic  state  central  committee,  while  it  adheres  to 
and  acknowledges  the  binding  form  of  the  principles  of  our  party  plat- 
form, as  established  by  the  union  democratic  state  convention  of  the 
4th  of  July,  1861,  deems  it  eminently  proper,  under  the  existing  state 
of  the  country  and  of  parties,  to  present  to  the  union  democratic 
party  of  the  state,  the  following  resolutions  : 

1.  That  the  union  democratic  party  of  California  adheres  immova- 
bly to  its  distinctive  organization,  and   recognizes  no  necessity  in 
the  existing  condition  of  the  country  and  of  the  state,  calling  upon 
us  as  democrats,  or  as  patriots,  to  abandon  or  qualify  that  organiza- 
tion. 

2.  That  the  democratic  party  of  California  are  now,  as  heretofore, 
for  the  whole  country,  without  division  or  diminution,  and  for  noth- 
ing less — for  the  union  and  the  constitution,  without  conditions  or 
higher  law   reservations — for  peace  with  all  men  and  all  nations, 
when  it  can  be  honorably  secured  or  preserved,  and  for  war  when 
peace  is  no  longer  consistent  with  national  dignity  or  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  people's  just  rights — for  a  strict  construction  of  the  con- 
stitution of  the  country,  and  a  sacred  regard,  at  all  times,  and  under 
all  circumstances,  by  ruler  as  well  as  people,  by  servant  as  well  as 
citizen,  for  all  its  guarantees  and  provisions  — for  the  preservation 
of  the  freedom  of  speech  and  the  liberty  of  the  press  — for  an  honest 
and  economical  administration  of  the  government,  the  faithful  guard- 
ianship of  the  public  credit,  and  the  prompt  punishment  of  treasury 
plunderers. 

3.  That  the  present  rebellion  and  the  attempt  to  overthrow,  by 
force,  the  best  government  which  the  sun  ever  shown  upon,  is  both 
unreasonable    and    criminal — an    indefensible    violation  of   all    the 
pledges   which   citizenship   implies;   and    such   an    outrage   against 
humanity  and   civilization  as  nothing  in   the  past  can  justify  or 
palliate. 


UNION  DEMOCRATIC  COMMITTEE.  187 

4.  That,  while  this  civil  war  continues,  it  is  our  duty  and  the  duty 
of  all  loyal  citizens  to  render  to  the  government  a  cheerful  and  ear- 
nest support ;  to  stand  by  it  in  the  enforcement  of  all  constitutional 
measures  tending  to  the  suppression  of  armed  rebellion ;  to  give  its 
officers,  so  far  as  they  are  true  to  the  trusts  reposed  in  them,  the 
aid  and   comfort  which  may  be  derived  from  our  moral  influence 
and  physical  resources ;  and  that  we  extend  to  these  gallant  men  of 
our  own  and  other  states  who  have  responded  to  the  call  of  the  gov- 
ernment for  that  protection  whicb-arrns  alone  can  give,  our  hearty 
commendation  and  warmest  sympathies.     (The  balance  of  the  reso- 
lution is  the  same  as  the  seventh  resolution  adopted  by  the  union 
administration  convention,  on  June  18th.) 

5.  That  the  effort  now  being  made  by  a  fanatical  faction,  under 
the  assumption  of  superior  patriotism  and  loyalty,  to  divert  this  war 
from  its  original  purpose,  as  proclaimed   by  the  president  and  con- 
gress of  the  United  States — the  maintenance  of  the  federal  constitu- 
tion and  the  preservation  of  the  union's  integrity — and  to  turn  it 
into  a  war  of  abolition,  is  an  effort  against  the  union,  against  the 
constitution,  against  justice,  and  against  humanity,  and  should  be 
promptly  frowned  upon  by  all  the  friends  of  free  institutions. 

6.  That  to  bring  the  present  war  to  a  final  and  happy  conclusion, 
and  secure  a  union  of  hearts  as  well  as  a  union  of  hands,  it  is  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  reassure   the  misguided   masses  in  the  revolted 
states  that  we  mean  no  warfare  upon  their  rights,  and  are  actuated 
by  no  spirit  of  revenge  ;  to   disavow  any  other  wish  than  that  of 
bringing  together  these  now  belligerent  states,  without  the  loss  to 
any  one  of  them  of  a  single  right  or  privilege  which  it  has  heretofore 
enjoyed.     To  show  by  our  acts,  as  well  as  by  our  professions,  that  our 
whole  purpose  is  to  preserve  our  government  just  as  it  came  to  us 
from  the  hands  of  our  fathers ;  to  regard  all  the  guarantees  of  the 
constitution,  whether  to  the  states,  or  to  the  people  of  the  states  and 
to  become  once  more  a  harmonious  and  happy  people.     And  that,  to 
this  end,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  union  democratic  party  not  only  to 
preserve  its  distinctive  organization,  but  to  demonstrate  by  honorable 
a  ad  patriotic  measures,  both  its  determination  and  its  power,  to  with- 
stand and  render  harmless  the  assaults  of  northern  or  southern  sec- 
tionalists  upon  constitutional  liberty. 

Jonathan   D.   Stevenson   was  nominated,  without  opposition,  for 
superintendent  of  public  instruction. 


188       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

On  August  5th,  L.  B.  Arnold,  James  J.  Green,  John  B.  Knox, 
Wm.  Higby,  John  Hume,  E.  Willow,  A.  C.  Brown,  and  P.  E. 
Drescher,  members  of  the  union  democratic  state  committee,  pub- 
lished a  letter  in  which  they  repudiated  the  action  of  the  other 
members  of  the  committee,  and  declared  themselves  in  favor  of 
abandoning  the  old  party  organization  and  adhering  to  the  union 
administration  party. 

The  Breckinridge  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento,  on  Wed- 
nesday, August  6th.  It  was  called  to  order  by  A.  P.  Crittenden, 
chairman  of  the  state  committee.  Humphrey  Griffith  was  elected 
temporary  chairman.  A  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed, 
consisting  of  W.  H.  Glascock,  James  T.  Farley,  Tod  Robinson, 
Charles  D.  Semple,  D.  W.  Gelwicks,  A.  P.  Crittenden,  W.  0.  Wal- 
lace, B.  F.  Myers,  T.  H.  Williams,  S.  Heydenfeldt,  D.  S.  Terry, 
W.  J.  Hooten,  H.  P.  Barber,  J.  F.  Linthicum,  and  others.  On  per- 
manent organization,  Griffith  was  elected  president ;  and  Colonel 
Haraszthy,  H.  P.  Barber,  W.  0.  Wallace,  David  Fairchild,  and 
S.  B.  Wyman,  vice-presidents. 

On  the  7th,  the  following  resolutions  were  reported  by  the  com- 
mittee : 

WHEREAS,  In  the  earliest  years  of  the  republic,  a  controversy 
arose  concerning  the  powers  granted  to  the  federal  government,  the 
federalists  claiming  the  power  to  enact  the  alien  and  sedition  laws, 
and  the  democrats  denying  that  such  power  was  delegated,  and 
insisting  that  all  powers  not  expressly  delegated  were  reserved  to 
the  states  or  to  the  people.  The  democratic  party  was  then  formed 
upon  the  principles  enunciated  in  the  Kentucky  and  Virginia  reso- 
lutions of  1798,  and  in  the  report  of  Mr.  Madison  to  the  Virginia 
legislature  of  1799,  and  have  ever  since  been  the  distinctive  feature 
of  democracy.  The  federal  party  became  extinct,  and  the  American 
people  sustained  the  equality  and  all  the  reserved  rights  of  the  states 
until  the  inauguration  of  the  present  chief  magistrate,  who  in  his 
first  address  to  the  people  denied  that  the  states  ever  were  inde- 
pendent sovereignties,  and  consequently  had  no  right  to  judge  of  any 
infraction  of  the  federal  compact ;  thus  denying  that  the  people  are 
sovereign,  or  that  they  have  a  right  to  create  a  state  government, 
and  also  a  federal  government,  granting  to  the  one  and  denying  to 
the  other  any  powers  they  may  think  best  calculated  to  secure  their 


&RECK1NR1DGE 

safety  and  happiness;  and  whereas,  the  revival  of  the  doctrines  of 
the  old  federal  party,  destroying  our  former  system  of  state  goven- 
ment  is  dangerous  to  civil  liberties  and  justly  alarming  to  all  lovers 
of  free  government ;  therefore,  resolved, 

1.  That  the  democratic  party  of  the  present  day  is  the  true  repre- 
sentative of  the  theory  of  the  American  revolution ;  that  all  just 
powers  are  derived  from  the  consent  of  the  governed,  and  that  the 
people  have  the  right  to  change  their  form  of  government  and  their 
political  associations  whenever  ,they  shall  deem  it  essential  to  their 
happiness. 

2.  That  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  was  a  compromise 
between  conflicting  sectional  interests,  and  that  the  true  construc- 
tion of  that  instrument  is  the  one  which  has  always  been  maintained 
by  the  democratic  party  and  enunciated  by  its   statesmen,  in  the 
Virginia  and  Kentucky  resolutions  and  the  platform  of  the  national 
democratic  convention  at  Cincinnati. 

3.  That  we  agree  with  the  present  chief  magistrate  in  one  senti- 
ment expressed  by  him,  in  substance,  that  the  two  sections  of  our 
union  cannot  fight  always;  that,  after  they  had  exhausted   them- 
selves by  war,  the  same  questions   would  arise,  to  be   settled  by 
negotiation,  the    same    sentiment   having  been    expressed    by   Mr. 
Douglas  that  "war  was  disunion;"  and  again  reiterated  by  our  state 
convention  of  last  year,  declaring  that  we  preferred  negotiations  in 
the  outset  to  war. 

4.  That  the  war  now  waged  by  the  United  States  against  the 
confederate  states  is  unjust  and  unnecessary  war,  in  which  thousands 
of   valuable  lives  and  millions  of  treasure  have  been  expended  in 
vain,  when,  as  we  feel  and  believe,  this  vast  destruction  would  have 
been  avoided  by  wise  diplomacy  and  temperate  negotiation. 

5.  That  the  events  of  the  past  twelve  months  have  convinced  us 
that  no  compromise  can  be  made  between  the  republican  party  and 
the  seceded  states.     Sectional   hatred   having  constantly  increased 
under  republican  obstinancy  in  adhering  to  the  Chicago  platform 
instead  of  the  constitution,  therefore,  the  democratic  party  must  suc- 
ceed, or  the  war  will  have  no  end. 

6.  That  the  democratic  party  is  now  the  only  true  union  party, 
because  they  now  profess,  and  if  in  power  would  practice,  the  same 
principles    which    have   governed    their   administrations   from  the 
foundation  of  the  government,  to-wit :  equal  rights   to  each  state 
and  to  all  sections,  thus  cutting  off  the  possibility  of  sectional  ani- 
mosity. 


190       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

I.  That  the  military  should  be  subordinate  to  the  civil  power  of 
the  government,  and  that  we  view  with  distrust  the  encroachments 
of  the  military  upon  the  rights  of  the  civil  authorities. 

8.  That  the  privileges  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus,  regarded  for 
centuries  as  the  greatest  safeguard  of   the  liberties  of  the  people, 
and  constituting  a   portion  of  our  fundamental  law,  should,  except 
as   provided    for    by   the    constitution,   remain    inviolate   to    every 
citizen. 

9.  That  the  freedom  of  speech,  and  of  the  press,  should  remain 
unabridged ;  that  to  deprive  the  people  of  these  rights,  guaranteed 
to  them  by  the  constitution,  would   be  rank  usurpation ;  and  that 
they  are  inestimable  to  the  citizen,  and  formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

10.  That  no  citizen  should  be  arrested  without  just  or  reasonable 
cause,  and  the  cause  of  his  arrest  should  be  made  known  to  him,  and 
a  speedy  trial  granted. 

II.  That  the  rights  of  the  several  states,  and  state  lines,  and  local 
state  institutions,  should  remain  unimpaired. 

12.  That  the  purpose  avowed  and  advocated  by  republican  dis- 
unionists — to  liberate  and  arm  the  slaves — is  revolting  to  humanity; 
a  disgrace  to  the  age ;  and  meets  our  unqualified  condemnation. 

13.  That  we  view  with  alarm  the  reckless  extravagance  which 
pervades   every   department   of   the    federal    government ;   that    a 
return  to  rigid  economy  and  accountability  is  indispensable  to  arrest 
the  systematic  plunder  of  the  public  treasury  by  favorite  partisans, 
while  the  recent  startling  developments  of  frauds  and  corruptions  at 
the  federal  capital,  show  that  an  entire  change  of  administration  is 
imperatively  demanded. 

14.  That  we  rejoice  that  the  democratic  members  of  congress,  from 
all  the  free  states,  have  agreed  upon  the  constitutional  principles 
embodied  in  an  address  issued  by  them  to  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  and  that  great  victories  have  been  won  by  our  fellow  demo- 
crats in  the  western  states,  upon  principles  which  we  can  cordially 
endorse.     (This  resolution  was  stricken  out  in  the  committee.) 

15.  That  we  reaffirm  and  heartily  endorse  the  sentiments  contained 
in  the  resolutions  adopted  by  the  democratic  state  convention,  in 
1861,  of  California. 

T.  H.  Williams  moved  to  strike  out  the  preamble  and  all  the  reso- 
lutions except  the  fifteenth.  He  said  that  there  was  much  in  the 
resolutions  that  would  have  a  tendency  to  confuse  the  minds  of  the 
members  of  the  convention,  and  that  they  would  be  made  the  sub- 


BRECKINRIDGE   CONVENTION.  191 

ject  for  the  severest  criticism,  if  adopted.  The  motion  prevailed, 
and  the  fifteenth  resolution  was  adopted.  C.  D.  Semple  offered  the 
resolution  numbered  14  in  the  above  series,  and  it  was  adopted. 

O.  P.  Fitzgerald  was  nominated,  without  opposition,  for  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction ;  Andrew  J.  Moulder  withdrawing. 

During  the  sitting  of  the  convention,  several  leading  members 
made  speeches  in  favor  of  making  no  nominations,  and  leaving 
members  of  the  party  free  to  vote  as  they  pleased,  but  a  motion  to 
that  end  was  laid  on  the  table  by  a  vote  of  226J  to  68J.  About 
108  delegates  were  present,  although  295  votes  were  cast — nearly 
two-thirds  of  the  votes  being  cast  by  proxy.  A  state  committee  was 
appointed,  consisting  of  Harry  Linden,  C.  R.  Street,  D.  E.  Buell, 
D.  W.  Gelwicks,  George  W.  Hook,  S.  F.  Hamm,  J.  Daggett,  T.  J% 
Henley,  S.  A.  Merritt,  J.  W.  Bost,  D.  S.  Gregory,  W.  C.  Wallace, 
James  Anderson,  P.  O.  Hundley,  T.  H.  Williams,  Thomas  Hayes, 
J.  H.  Wise,  P.  L.  Solomon,  J.  D.  Thornton,  D.  S.  Terry,  J.  L.  Ord, 
L.  Archer,  T.  L.  Thompson,  V.  E.  Geiger,  H.  P.  Barber,  H.  Griffith, 
B.  P.  Hugg,  W.  J.  Hooten,  and  others. 

Towards  the  close  of  August,  Senator  Latham  delivered  several 
speeches  from  the  stump,  in  which  he  took  the  inconsistent  position 
of  urging  the  prosecution  of  the  war  by  the  federal  government  to 
last  extremity,  and  at  the  same  time  fiercely  assailed  the  administra- 
tion. He  fixed  the  responsibility  of  the  war  upon  the  southern 
leaders,  and  declared  that  it  was  the  most  unjustifiable  war  recorded 
upon  the  pages  of  history,  and  that  it  was  without  apology  or  reason; 
that  the  federal  government  was  compelled  to  fight  in  self-defense, 
and  that,  if  it  had  not  fought  to  vindicate  itself,  it  would  have 
merited  and  received  the  contempt  of  every  government  on  the  face 
of  the  earth ;  that  it  would  have  to  be  fought  out,  and  that  no  set- 
tlement could  be  expected  until  the  war  was  at  an  end ;  that  the 
original  object  of  the  war,  so  far  as  the  federal  government  was  con- 
cerned, was  legitimate  and  proper,  but  that  that  original  object  had 
been  abandoned,  and  that  it  was  then  prosecuted  for  emancipation 
purposes  ;  that  the  constitution  had  been  violated  in  the  passage  of 
confiscation  bills,  and  that  men  had  been  illegally  and  unconstitu- 
tionally imprisoned ;  that  the  law  abolishing  slavery  in  the  District 
of  Columbia  was  an  outrage,  and  that  the  ultra  abolitionists  had 
obtained  the  control  of  the  government ;  and  he  said  that  the  world 
had  never  witnessed  such  corruption  as  had  been  developed  in  the 
conduct  of  the  war  by  the  federal  government.  Congressmen  Sar- 
gent and  Phelps  delivered  speeches  in  reply  to  Latham. 


192      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  election  was  held  on  September  3d,  after  a  vigorous  cam- 
paign, and  the  union  administration  ticket  was  successful.  The  offi- 
cial vote  was  published  on  November  3d,  and  exhibited  that  Swett 
had  received  51,238  votes;  Stevenson,  21,514;  and  Fitzgerald,  15,- 
817. 

Shortly  after  the  election,  several  prominent  southern  sympa- 
thizers, among  whom  were  two  members  elect  to  the  legislature, 
were  arrested  by  the  United  States  authorities  and  sent  to  Alcatraz, 
but  on  taking  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  government,  they  were 
discharged. 

CHAPTER  XV. 

1863.     Union  Resolutions— Union  Convention — Democratic  Conven- 
tion. 

In  the  senate,  on  January  6th,  0.  B.  Porter,  of  Contra  Costa, 
offered  the  following  concurrent  resolution  : 

That  the  loyal  state  of  California  receives  with  earnest  favor  the 
recent  proclamation  of  freedom  issued  by  the  president  of  the  United 
States  and  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy,  regarding  the 
policy  of  the  measure  as  necessary  for  the  success  of  the  efforts  of 
the  government  for  the  suppression  of  a  desperate  and  wicked 
rebellion,  and  the  re-establishment  of  its  authority,  consistent  with 
the  spirit  of  our  institutions,  and  full  of  promise  for  the  future  per- 
manence, unity,  and  prosperity  of  the  nation,  and  we  hereby  pledge 
to  the  measure  the  cordial  and  earnest  support  of  the  people  of 
California. 

B.  Shurtleff  offered  a  substitute,  declaring  in  effect,  that  the  people 
of  California  would  continue  to  render  the  government  their  sincere 
and  united  support  in  the  use  of  all  legitimate  means  to  suppress 
the  rebellion,  and  "to  restore  the  union  as  it  was,  and  maintain 
the  constitution  as  it  is ;"  that  they  believed  that  that  sacred  instru- 
ment, founded  in  the  wisdom  of  our  fathers,  clothed  the  constituted 
authorities  with  full  power  to  accomplish  such  purpose  ;  that  the 
policy  to  which  the  government  was  pledged  by  a  resolution  passed 
by  congress,  in  July,  1861,  could  not  be  departed  from  without  viola- 
tion of  public  faith,  in  which  resolution  it  was  declared  that  the  war 
was  not  waged  by  the  federal  government  in  any  spirit  of  oppression 
or  for  the  purpose  of  conquest  or  subjugation,  or  for  the  purpose  of 


UNION  STATE   COMMITTEE.  19$ 

overthrowing  or  interfering  with  the  rights  or  established  institu- 
tions of  the  seceded  states,  but  to  defend  and  maintain  the  suprem- 
acy of  the  constitution  and  to  preserve  the  union ;  and  that  they 
viewed  with  disfavor  the  emancipation  proclamation,  believing  that- 
it  was  unwise,  impolitic,  and  in  direct  contravention  of  the  Ameri- 
can doctrine  as  laid  down  by  our  fathers  in  the  war  of  the  revolu- 
tion, and  unanimously  reaffirmed  by  the  American  people  in  the  last 
war  with  Great  Britain.  The  substitute  was  lost,  and  the  original 
resolution  adopted  by  a  vote  of  31  to  8.  On  the  same  day,  E.  B. 
Smith,  of  Sierra,  introduced  the  following  concurrent  resolution  in 
the  assembly : 

That  we  fully  and  heartily  endorse  the  action  of  the  president  of 
the  United  States  in  issuing  his  proclamation  of  the  1st  of  January, 
declaring  slaves,  in  certain  states  and  parts  of  states  in  rebellion 
against  the  government,  to  be  free ;  and  that  we  believe  with  him 
that  it  is  "an  act  of  justice,  warranted  by  the  constitution  as  a  mili- 
tary necessity  " 

The  resolution  was  laid  over.  The  next  day,  the  senate  resolu- 
tion came  up  in  the  assembly,  and  it  was  laid  over  under  the  rule 
which  required  that  resolutions  concerning  federal  affairs  should  be 
treated  the  same  as  bills.  On  the  10th,  the  senate  resolution  was, 
after  a  lengthy  discussion,  amended  on  motion  of  Sanderson  so  as  to- 
indicate  clearly  that  the  measure  was  endorsed  as  a  war  policy, 
deemed  proper  and  necessary  by  the  commander-in-chief  of  the  army 
and  navy,  and  in  that  shape  it  was  adopted  by  a  vote  of  64  to  11. 
The  senate  concurred  in  the  amendments  on  the  same  day.  In  the 
resolution,  as  thus  finally  passed,  the  words  "policy  of  the"  were 
omitted,  and  the  words  "laws  of  war"  substituted  for  "spirit  of  our 
institutions." 

The  union  state  committee  issued  a  call  on  April  10th,  for  a  state  I 
convention,  which  was  addressed  "to  all  citizens  who  were  willing  to- 
sustain  the  national  administration  in  its  efforts  to  suppress  the 
rebellion."  The  party  had  greatly  increased  in  strength  since  its- 
success  in  1862,  and  from  the  fact  that  national  questions  were 
kept  prominently  before  the  people  through  the  action  of  union 
leagues,  which  had  been  organized  in  almost  every  town  and  precinct 
in  the  state.  These  leagues  were  in  the  nature  of  political  clubs,  in 
the  interest  of  the  union  party.  Stanford,  Sargent,  and  Low  were 
the  leading  candidates  for  the  nomination  for  governor,  and  at  first 

13 


194      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

the  outlook  was  decidedly  favorable  to  the  renomination  of  the  then 
incumbent  of  that  office,  but  the  friends  of  Low  worked  with  system 
to  secure  the  election  of  delegates  pledged  to  his  support,  and  with 
so  much  success  that  Stanford  finally  withdrew  from  the  fight.  On 
June  3d,  the  Sacramento  county  convention  to  elect  delegates  to  the 
state  convention  met,  and  it  was  generally  supposed  that  the  friends 
of  Stanford  were  in  the  majority.  A  resolution  was  introduced  to 
instruct  the  state  delegates  to  support  that  gentleman,  but  a  substi- 
tute directing  them  to  support  Low  was  adopted  by  a  majority  of 
sixteen,  to  the  great  surprise  of  the  Stanford  men,  who  had  been  so 
confident  of  success  that  they  had  made  no  extra  exertions  to  add  to 
their  strength.  The  defeated  party  charged  bad  faith  and  fraud, 
and  a  number  of  delegates  seceded  from  the  convention,  but  they 
cooled  down  the  next  day  and,  returning,  assisted  in  nominating  a 
county  ticket.  On  the  10th,  a  primary  election  was  held  in  San 
Francisco,  and  Low  delegates  were  elected  by  a  heavy  majority, 
which  assured  that  gentleman's  success  in  the  state  convention. 

The  union  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento,  on  Wednesday, 
June  17th,  and  the  attendance  of  delegates  was  very  large.  N. 
Holland,  chairman  of  the  state  committee,  called  it  to  order,  and 
John  H.  Jewett  was  elected  temporary  chairman  by  a  vote  of  147  to 
117  for  W.  H.  Sears.  This  was  regarded  as  a  test  vote,  as  Jewett 
was  supported  by  the  friends  of  Low.  On  permanent  organization, 
W.  L.  Dudley  was  elected  president ;  and  Ramon  Hill,  J.  J.  Owen, 
W.  W.  Traylor,  J.  R.  Watson,  J.  B.  Frisbie,  S.  P.  Wright,  D.  W. 
0.  Rice,  Jacob  Deeth,  J.  N.  Turner,  J.  Bidwell,  R.  M.  Briggs, 
G.  S.  Evans,  and  others,  vice-presidents. 

D.  O.  McCarthy  submitted  the  following  resolutions  to  the  con- 
vention : 

1.  That  we  cordially  reaffirm  the  following  resolutions  adopted  at 
the  union  state  convention,  of  June  17th,  1862.     (Then  followed 
resolutions  numbered  1,  2,  3,  4,  and  5  of  the  series  referred  to.) 

2.  That  we  heartily  endorse  the  president's  proclamation  of  free- 
dom, of  January  1st,  believing  it  to  be  a  wise  and  proper  war  measure, 
and  a  step  onward  in  the  cause  of  civilization  and  human  progress. 

3.  That  the  brave  officers  and  men  who  are  upholding  the  national 
flag  on  land  and  sea  are  worthy  the  admiration  of  mankind  and  the 
gratitude  of  the  nation. 

4.  That  we  call  upon  all  loyal  citizens  to  unite  with  us  in  rebuk- 


UNION  CONVENTION.  195 

ing  and  defeating  at  the  polls  in  September  next  the  malignant  tribe 
of  copperheads,  who,  falsely  claiming  the  name  of  democrats,  seek 
on  all  occasions  to  discourage  our  armies  in  the  field,  and  to  corrupt 
the  patriotic  sentiment  of  the  loyal  people  of  the  country. 

The  following  additional  resolution  was  offered : 

5.  That  any  means  necessary  to  be  made  use  of  to  preserve  the 
union  are  constitutional. 

The  five  resolutions  were  adopted,  the  vote  on  the  last  being  very 
close ;  and  on  the  next  day,  on  a  motion  to  reconsider,  it  was  rejected 
by  a  vote  of  101  to  164,  and  the  original  resolutions  offered  by 
McCarthy  were  passed. 

iOn  the  18th,  the  following  nominations  were  made  : 
Frederick  F.  Low,  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  having  received 
76  votes,  to  93  for  Aaron  A.  Sargent. 

T.  N.  Machin,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  164,  to  47  for  Alex.  G.  Abell,  and  58  for  J.  F.  Chellis ;  Gen. 
James  Collins  withdrawing. 

Thomas  B.  Shannon,  for  congressman  from  the  northern  district, 
without  opposition ;  William  H.  Parks  withdrawing. 

William  Higby,  for  congressman  from  the  middle  district,  without 
opposition. 

Cornelius  Cole,  for  congressman  from  the  southern  district,  on  the 
second  ballot,  over  Caleb  T.  Fay  and  R.  F.  Perkins. 

B.  B.  Bedding,  for  secretary  of  state,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
A.  B.  Nixon. 

Romualdo  Pacheco,  for  treasurer,  without  opposition. 

George  Oulton,  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  E.  B.  Yree- 
land,  Wm.  R.  Robinson,  and  L.  R.  Lull ;  T.  M.  Ames  withdrawing. 

John  G.  McCullough,  for  attorney-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
A.  M.  Crane,  Jesse  0.  Goodwin,  and  F.  M.  Pixley. 

W.  D.  Harriman,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  second 
ballot,  over  Frank  F.  Fargo,  Wm.  G.  Wood,  E.  F.  Dunne,  and 
James  Green ;  George  S.  Evans  withdrawing. 

O.  M.  Clayes,  for  printer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  B.  P.  Avery  and 
T.  A.  Springer. 

J.  F.  Houghton,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  J.  J. 
Gardner. 

On  the  19th,  Charles  L.  Taylor  was  nominated,  without  opposition, 
for  harbor  commissioner. 


196      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IX  CALIFORNIA. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  endorsing  the  administration  of  Gover- 
nor Stanford 

Silas  W.  Sanderson,  John  Carrey,  A.  L.  Rhodes,  O.  L.  Shatter, 
and  Lorenzo  Sawyer  were  nominated  for  justices  of  the  supreme 
court,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Walter  Van  Dyke,  George  W.  T 
H.  O.  Beatty,  John  R  Harmon,  Walter  Tompkins,  and  L.  E.  Pratt 

John  Swett  was  unanimously  nominated  for  superintendent  of 
public  instruction. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  H.  Robinson.  F. 
Tukey,  J.  H.  McNabh,  a  G.  Whipple,  D.  W.  C.  Rice,  J.  Bidwell, 
J.  R  Buckbee,  X.  Holland,  L.  Shearer,  H.  S.  Brown,  J.  McClatchy. 
and  others. 

The  union  democratic  state  committee  issued  a  call  on  April  1 5th, 
for  a  state  convention  to  meet  on  June  24th  ;  and  the  Breckinridge 
committee  also  appointed  a  time  and  place  for  the  meeting  of  their 
convention,  The  committees  manifested  no  inclination  to  make  any 
effort  to  unite  the  two  wings,  but  some  of  the  leaders  and  many  of 
the  rank  and  file  felt  that  it  was  hopeless  to  go  into  a  contest  with 
the  party  under  two  banners,  and  they  concluded  that  it  would  be 
advisable  to  unite  the  party  without  the  instrumentality  of  the  com- 
mittees, and  thus  give  it  the  character  of  a  spontaneous  movement 
of  the  people.  To  this  end,  democratic  clubs  were  formed  all  over 
the  state,  the  membership  of  which  included  adherents  to  both 
wings,  and  the  proposition  to  reconstruct  the  democratic  party  was 
made  the  principal  subject  of  discussion. 

The  Oroville  club,  on  May  12th,  adopted  the  following  preamble 
and  resolutions : 

WHEREAS,  the  democratic  clubs,  a  majority  composed  of  the  citi- 
zens of  Botto  county  who  have  heretofore  been  divided  between  two 
organizations  claiming  superior  legitimacy  in  the  democratic  party. 
now  merging  all  past  differences  of  opinion  in  the  momentous  issues 
involved  in  the  present  troubles  of  the  country,  periling  alike  its 
unity  and  its  constitutional  liberties,  have  unanimously  agreed,  by 
resolutions  sent  to  this  club,  to  call  a  state  convention  of  the  democ- 
racy, at  a  time  and  place  set  forth  in  their  resolutions,  and  have 
asked  us  to  concur  with  and  join  them  in  the  same ;  we  do,  there- 
fore, adopt  said  resolutions  as  folio- 

1.  That  a  state  convention  of  the  democracy  be  called  to  meet  at 
Hie  city  of  Sacramento,  on  Wednesday,  the  8th  day  of  July,  for  the 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  197 


purpose  of  nominating  randidatftB  for  the  several  state 

far  the  transaction  of  such  other  business  as  may  legitimately 

before  it 

_  That  all  legal  voters  be  permitted  to  participate  in  the  primary 
elections  who  are  in  favor,  first,  of  adhering  unalterably  to  the  con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  with  all  its  guarantees  of  civil 
liberty  unimpaired ;  second,  of  the  restoration  and  preservation  of 
the  American  union ;  third,  of  supporting  the  government  in  all . 
constitutional  and  legal  efforts  to  perpetuate  its  existence  against 
all  hostile  forces  arrayed  in  opposition  to  it ;  fourth,  and  who  are 
opposed  to  the  principles  and  present  policy  of  the  natimial  *Ammis~ 
tration. 

3.  That  the  democracy  of  all  the  counties  in  this  state  are 
requested  to  send  delegates  to*  said  convention,  and  to  make  known 
their  acquiescence  in  this  call  by  publishing  the  action  taken  by 
them  in  their  clubs,  matin  meetings,  and  county  gp*»^«rtJO"»i^  in  th<> 
Sacramento  Republican,  Marysville  Expr****  Butte  Record,  and 
other  democratic  papers, 

The  call  was  generally  adopted  by  the  various  clubs,  and  the 
action  of  the  state  committees  was  ignored.  On  June  24th,  no 
union  democratic  convention  was  held.  The  county  of  Placer  alone 
sent  delegates  to  it,  and  they  met  with  Col  ton ,  the  chairman,  at  the 
office  of  James  W.  Coffinoth,  at  Sacramento,  and  after  a  short  con- 
sultation, adjourned  sine  die.  Thus  it  was  that  the  union  demo- 
cratic party  of  California  came  to  its  end.  The  Breckinridge  con- 
vention was  not  held,  and  the  party  passed  out  of  existence  in  the 
same  way. 

On  July  8th,  the  fusion  democratic  state  convention  met  at  Sac- 
ramento. John  S.  Berry  called  it  to  order,  and  read  the  Butte  call, 
under  which  it  assembled.  James  W.  Coffroth  was  elected  tem- 
porary chairman,  and  afterward  president.  While  awaiting  the 
report  of  the  committee  on  credentials,  speeches  were  made  by  Tod 
Robinson,  H.  P.  Barber,  Col.  Hatch,  J.  R  WeDer,  James  Johnson, 
W.  H.  Rhodes,  and  P.  L.  Edwards.  A  committee  on  resolutions 
was  appointed,  consisting  of  L.  M.  Shrack,  D.  Inman,  D.  W.  Gel- 
wicks,  J.  C.  Crigler,  W.  Balden,  W.  S.  Montgomery,  J.  D.  Oarr, 
AV  C  Wallace,  T.  Findley,  J.  LL  English,  O.  M.  Woxencraft,  a  I*. 
er,  R.  T.  Sprague,  J.  OTarrell,  Beriah  Brown,  H.  P.  Barber, 
Harrison  Gwinn,  F.  L.  Hatch,  and  others.  On  the  9th,  J.  W. 
Vaudeville,  J.  L.  English,  T.  N.  Cazaeau,  James  Johnson,  L.  M. 


198       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Shrack,  J.  S.  Curtis,  John  Boggs,  D.  Mahoney,  R.  T.  Sprague,. 
O.  M.  Wozencraft,  L.  R.  Bradley  and  others  were  elected  vice- 
presidents.  A  motion  was  made  and  lengthily  discussed  to  strike 
from  the  order  of  business  the  nomination  of  justices  of  the  supreme 
court,  but  it  was  lost. 

The  following  resolutions,  reported  by  the  committee,  were  unani- 
mously adopted : 

1.  That  the  democracy  of  California  are  in  favor  of  an  unaltera- 
ble adherence  to  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  with  all  its 
guarantees  of  civil  liberty  unimpaired. 

2.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  restoration  and  preservation  of  the 
whole  American  union ;  that  we  recognize  to  its  fullest  extent  the 
right  and  duty  of  the  government  to  resist  by  every  constitutional 
mode  rebellion  or  insurrection  against  its  lawful  supremacy;  but  we 
recognize  that  right  solely  for  the  purpose  of  restoring  its  constitu- 
tional authority,  and  for  no  other  purpose  whatever. 

3.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  California,  as  a  member  of  the  union,  to 
yield  obedience  to  all  constitutional  acts  of  congress  and  the  federal 
executive;    and    that    any   individual,    of    any    party,    who    shall 
endeavor  to  incite  insurrection  or  rebellion  within  her  borders,  or 
disaffection  and  discord  among  her  people,  is  a  traitor  to  her  best 
interests. 

4.  That  the  aim  and  object  of  the  democratic  party  is  to  preserve 
the  federal  union,  and  the  rights  of  the  several  states  unimpaired ; 
and  they  hereby  declare  that  they  do  not  consider  the  administra- 
tive usurpation  of  extraordinary  and  dangerous  powers  not  granted 
by  the  constitution — the  subversion  of  the  civil  by  military  law  in 
states  not  in  insurrection  or  rebellion — the  arbitrary  military  arrest, 
imprisonment,   trial,   and  sentence  of   American   citizens    in    such 
states  where  the  civil  law  exists  in  full  force  and  vigor — the  sup- 
pression  of   freedom    of   speech    and  of   the  press — the  open  and 
avowed  disregard  of  state  rights — the  fanatical  attempt  to  place  the 
negro  on  a  social  and  political  equality  with  the  white  race — and 
the  employment  of  unusual  test  oaths — as  calculated  to  preserve  or 
restore  a  union  of  the  several  states  or  perpetuate  a  government 
deriving  "its  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the  governed." 

5.  That  we  are  opposed  to  all  secret  political  organizations  and 
societies,  as  dangerous  to  the  liberties  of  the  people,  and  destructive 
of  our  republican  form  of  government. 

6.  That  we  claim  and  demand  as  inalienable  rights,  freedom  of 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  199 

thought,  freedom  of  speech,  and  freedom  of  the  press  ;  and  further 
assert  and  declare  that  government  agents  should  at  all  times  be 
held  to  a  strict  accountability  to  the  people,  and  that  all  errors  of 
such  agents  should  be  liable  to  the  full  and  free  exercise  of  untram- 
meled  popular  discussion,  for  the  purpose  of  correction  by  the  ballot- 
box. 

7.   That  we  denounce  and  unqualifiedly  condemn  the  emancipation 

proclamation  of  the  president  of  the  United  States  as  tending  to 

-  .protract    indefinitely    civil    war,    incite    servile    insurrection,    and 

inevitably  close  the  door  forever  to  a  restoration  of  the  union  of  these 


8.  That  we  disapprove  of  all  congressional  laws  tending  to  sub- 
stitute a  paper  currency  in  California  in  place  of  our  own  metallic 
circulating  medium. 

9.  That  the  spirit  and   meaning  of  the  democratic  platform  of 
this  state  are  comprised  in  the  words  "The  constitution  as  it  is,  and 
the  union  as  it  was." 

The  following  nominations  were  made: 

John  G.  Downey,  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  having  received 
200  votes,  to  18  for  Joseph  W.  McCorkle,  53  for  John  B.  Weller, 
56  for  William  M.  Lent,  and  —  for  Royal  T.  Sprague. 

E.  W.  McKinstry,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  second  ballot, 
over  William  Holden,  James  L.  English,  and  0.  M.  Wozencraft. 

A.  C.  Bradford,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  without  opposi- 
tion. 

S.  W.  Bishop,  for  secretary  of  state,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  A. 
St.O.  Denver. 

R.  0.  Cravens,  for  controller,  on  the  second  ballot,  over  T.  L. 
Barnes,  William  Ord,  and  William  K.  Lindsay. 

Thomas  Findley,  for  treasurer,  without  opposition.  Findley 
afterwards  declined  the  nomination,  and  moved  that  H.  L.  Nichols 
be  nominated,  but  the  convention  refused  to  make  the  change. 

L.  C.  Granger,  for  attorney-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  John 
M.  Cochran,  J.  A.  McQuade,  and  P.  L.  Edwards. 

Presley  Dunlap,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  second  ballot,  over  J. 
Alexander,  W.  S.  Green,  and  E.  Twitchell. 

Beriah  Brown,  for  printer,  without  opposition;  S.  Addington, 
T.  A.  Brady,  A.  M.  Kennedy,  and  J.  R.  Ridge  withdrawing. 

Michael  Hayes,  for  harbormaster,  without  opposition. 

John  B.   Weller,  John  Bigler,  and  Joseph  W.   McCorkle  were 


200      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

nominated,  without  opposition,  for  congressmen.  McOorkle  after- 
ward declined  the  nomination,  and  on  the  second  ballot,  N.  E. 
Whiteside  was  nominated  in  his  stead,  over  James  W.  Mandeville, 
F.  L.  Hatch,  0.  M.  Oreaner,  A.  B.  Dibble,  E.  J.  Lewis,  James  T. 
Farley,  and  W.  F.  White. 

Royal  T.  Sprague,  William  T.  Wallace,  J.  B.  Hall,  Tod  Robinson, 
and  Henry  H.  Haight  was  nominated  for  justices  of  the  supreme 
court,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  A.  B.  Dibble,  W.  H.  Rhodes,  H.  H. 
Hartley,  James  L.  English,  J.  P.  Hoge,  and  Niles  Searls. 

A.  J.  Moulder,  for  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  without 
opposition. 

A  state  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Murray  Morrison, 
W.  F.  White,  F.  Tilford,  0.  L.  Weller,  T.  N.  Cazneau,  H.  A.  Cobb, 
J.  W.  Mandeville,  J.  W.  Coffroth,  A.  D.  Patterson,  A.  B.  Dibble, 
D.  W.  Gelwicks,  J.  A.  McQuade,  J.  Daggett,  W.  Irwin,  J.  T.  Far- 
ley, and  others. 

The  convention  was  imposing  so  far  as  numbers  were  concerned; 
but  few  of  the  delegates  were  anti-war  democrats.  The  disposition 
seemed  to  be  for  that  element  to  keep  in  the  background,  and  to 
allow  the  former  members  of  the  Douglas  faction  to  occupy  the  con- 
spicuous positions.  Downey  declined  at  first  to  accept  the  nomina- 
tion, but  the  convention  insisted  that  he  should  receive  it,  and  he 
finally  acquiesced.  Sprague  also  declined,  but  the  declination  was 
not  accepted.  Shortly  after  the  adjournment  of  the  convention, 
Haight  and  Moulder  resigned  their  nominations,  and  the  state  com- 
mittee supplied  their  places  with  H.  H.  Hartley  and  0.  M.  Wozen- 
craft. 

On  July  13th,  Downey  issued  a  lengthy  address  to  the  people, 
"as  a  means  of  recording  in  language  which  no  one  could  fail  to 
understand,"  his  deliberate  views  on  the  constitutional  rights  and 
powers  of  the  federal  and  state  governments,  and  their  relative 
powers,  and  also  to  outline  his  proposed  policy  in  case  of  his  elec- 
tion. On  August  24th,  Low  issued  an  address,  some  three  columns 
in  length,  which  was  devoted  to  national  matters.  The  democracy 
made  as  warm  a  campaign  as  was  possible  under  the  circumstances, 
but  the  enthusiasm  was  mostly  on  the  other  side,  and  the  result  was 
apparently  inevitable  from  the  first  that  the  union  ticket  would  be 
successful  by  a  large  majority. 

The  election  was  held  on  September  2d,  and  the  official  count  of 
the  votes  exhibited  the  following  result : 


UNION  RESOLUTIONS.  201 

For  Governor— "Low,  64,283  ;  Downey,  44,622. 

Lieutenant-Governor — Machin,  64,873;  McKinstry,  43,923. 

Congressmen— Shannon,  64,914;  Higby,  64,881;  Cole,  64,985; 
Weller,  43,  567;  Bigler,  43,520;  Whiteside,  43,693. 

Secretary  of  State— Redding,  65,023;  Bishop,  43,694. 

Controller— Oulton,  65,039  ;  Cravens,  43,730. 

Treasurer— Pacheco,  64,984  ;  Findley,  43,768. 

Attorney-General— McCullough,   64,777;  Granger,  43,615. 

Surveyor-General — Houghton,  64,887;  Dunlap,  43,760. 

Printer— Clayes,  65,013;  Brown,  43,789. 

Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court — Harriman,  64,954;  Bradford,  43,- 
690. 

tiarbor  Commissioner— Taylor,  63,614;  Hayes,  43,111. 

The  judicial  election  was  held  on  October  21st,  under  the  amend- 
ment to  the  constitution,  with  the  following  result: 

for  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction — Swett,  4i,791 ; 
Wozencraft,  18,902;  Moulder,  606. 

For  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court — Shafter,  45,102  ;  Sawyer, 
45,195;  Currey,  45,216;  Rhodes,  45,044;  Sanderson,  45,065; 
Sprague,  20,768  ;  Wallace,  20,776;  Hall,  20,724;  Robinson,  20,158; 
Hartley,  19,560;  Haight,  94i. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

1864.     Union    Resolutions — Union   Convention,   March   24th — Demo- 
cratic  Convention,  May  roth — Union   Convention,  August 
3©th — Democratic  Convention,  September  yth. 

On  January  12th,  Thompson  Campbell  introduced,  in  the  assem- 
bly, a  series  of  resolutions  on  the  state  of  the  union,  and  after  a 
discussion,  they  passed  that  body  by  a  vote  of  59  to  8.  They  were 
sent  to  the  senate  on  the  same  day,  and  were  referred.  On  the 
15th,  they  were  reported  back  with  amendments,  and  on  the  20th, 
were  amended  and  adopted  by  a  vote  of  27  to  4.  The  assembly,  on 
the  21st,  declined  to  concur  in  the  amendments,  and  the  senate 
refuse  to  recede.  Committees  on  conference  were  appointed,  but 
no  agreement  could  be  arrived  at  in  committee.  New  committees 
were  appointed  on  February  12th,  and  on  the  17th,  they  agreed  on 
a  draft  of  the  resolutions,  and  the  series  they  reported  was  adopted 
by  both  houses. 


202       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  resolutions,  as  finally  passed,  were  substantially  as  follows  : 

1.  That  the  people  of   California  are  uncompromisingly  loyal,  and 
repudiate  the  political  heresy  of  state  supremacy  when  brought  in 
conflict  with  federal   authority,  holding  that  each  has  its  proper 
sphere — but  that  in  all  national  affairs  the  constitution  and  laws  of 
the  United  States  are  the  supreme  law  of  the  land,  and  which  no 
state,  either  by  legislation,  judicial  decision,  or  otherwise,  can  dis- 
obey, controvert,  or  evade,  without  violating  this  great  fundamental 
principle  of  our  government,  for  the  maintenance  of  which  the  people 
of  this  state  are  prepared  to  die  rather  than  surrender. 

2.  That  the  rebellion  is  a  war  of  the  southern  slave  owning  aris- 
tocracy against  the  democracy  of  the  nation,  and  is  a  blow  struck 
against  all  free  governments. 

3.  That  we  endorse  all  the  measures  of  the  administration  adopted 
for  the  purpose  of  subduing  the  present  most  wicked  rebellion;  and 
endorse  the  abolition  of  slavery  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  the 
act   making  free  from   slavery  all  the  territory  belonging  to  the 
United   States,  the  confiscation  act,  the  conscription  law,  the  sus- 
pension of   the  writ   of   habeas   corpus,  the   enlistment   of   negro 
soldiers,  the  noble  stand  taken  by  President  Lincoln,  that  all  who 
wear  the  union  uniform  shall  receive  the  same  protection,  the  finan- 
cial policy  of  the  government,  and  the  legal  tender  act,  as  the  great 
administrative  measures  for  successfully  carrying  on  the  war  and 
which  we  pledge  ourselves  to  defend  and  uphold,  the  policy  of  estab- 
lishing military  governments  in  the  revolting  states,  and   the  admis- 
sion of  West  Virginia. 

4.  That  we  endorse  the  emancipation  proclamation  by  the  presi- 
dent, of  January  1st,  1863. 

5.  That  we  endorse  the  plan  of  reconstruction  as  set  forth  in  the 
proclamation  of  the  president,  and  appended  to  his  last  message. 

6.  That  the  proposition  of  the  copperhead  members  of  congress,  to 
send  commissioners  to  Richmond  to  sue  for  peace  from  armed  trai- 
tors, should   consign  their  names  to  eternal  infamy,  and  he   who 
would  treat  with  armed  treason  is  himself  a  traitor,  and  deserves  a 
traitor's  punishment ;  California  will  accept  no  peace  which  is  not 
based  upon  an  unconditional  surrender. 

7.  That  we  endorse  the  confiscation  law  which  has  for  its  object 
the  unconditional  forfeiture  of  the  property  of  the  rebels,  and  urge 
our  federal  representatives  to  secure  its  passage. 


POLITICAL  ARRESTS.  208 

8.  Thanking  the  army  and  navy,  and  guaranteeing  to  them  civil 
rights  while  they  are  fighting. 

9.  Relating  to  the  president's  proclamation  of  pardon. 

10.  Condemning  the  barbarous  treatment  of  union  prisoners  by 
the  rebels. 

11.  Endorsing  President  Lincoln,  and  recommending  his  re-elec- 
tion. 

The  progress  of  the  civil  war  so  much  absorbed  the  attention  of 
the  people  that  little  attention  was.  paid  to  local  politics,  and  the 
decided  majorities  by  which  the  union  candidates  had  been  elected 
in  1863,  left  no  room  for  doubt  that  the  presidential  election  would 
result  in  the  election  of  that  party.  The  existence  of  the  war,  and 
the  feeling  it  engendered  had  the  effect  to  sharply  define  party  lines* 
and  the  adherents  to  the  minority  party  labored  under  the  stigma  of 
secession,  then  so  odious  to  the  loyal  majority  of  the  people  of  the 
state.  A  number  of  those  who  had  held  high  place  in  the  demo^__ 
cratic  party  of  the  state,  had  gone  south  and  enlisted  in  the  con- 
federate army,  notably,  James  Y.  McDuffie,  John  T.  Crenshawr 
Daniel  Showalter,  Calhoun  Benham,  J.  L.  Brent,  T.  0.  Flournoy, 
George  W.  Gift,  Samuel  H.  Brooks,  D.  S.  Terry,  H.  A.  Higley, 
W.  M.  Gwin,  R.  Shoemaker,  Philip  Moore,  and  H.  I.  Thornton,  and 
members  of  the  democratic  party  at  home  made  little  effort  to 
conceal  the  sympathy  they  felt  for  the  confederate  cause.  A  num- 
ber of  prominent  democrats  were  arrested  by  the  military  authori" 
ties  because  of  treasonable  expressions,  and  confined  in  Fort  Alca- 
traz.  Their  incarceration  stirred  up  considerable  indignation  from 
the  members  of  their  party.  On  July  25th,  Charles  L.  Weller,  the 
chairman  of  the  democratic  state  committee,  was  arrested  by  order 
of  General  McDowell,  because  of  remarks  he  made  in  a  political 
speech.  This  act,  upon  the  part  of  the  federal  authorities 
inflamed  the  democracy  to  a  high  pitch,  and  meetings  were 
held  in  various  parts  of  the  state  and  condemnatory  resolutions 
passed.  They  threatened  to  carry  arms  to  the  polls  and  to  get  up 
an  insurrection.  Referring  to  the  arrest  of  Weller,  the  Grass  Valley 
National  (democratic)  said  : 

Scarcely  any  war  was  ever  waged  by  England  or  any  power  in 
Europe  during  which  there  were  not  partisans  of  peace  and  parti- 
sans of  war,  the  government  not  dreaming  of  visiting  penalties  for  a 
mere  difference  of  opinion  upon  public  questions.  It  remained  for 
the  government  of  the  United  States — no,  not  the  government,  but 


204      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

the  present  infamous  administration  of  it — to  set  the  example  in  a 
country  which  bled  from  every  pore  to  establish  the  very  opposite 
principle.  This  state  of  things  cannot  last  always.  Several  hun- 
dred thousand  men  in  Ohio  and  Illinois  are  ready  to  defend  their 
rights  with  their  blood,  and  hundreds  of  thousands  more  are  prepar- 
ing to  do  the  same  thing  in  other  states,  or  are  already  prepared. 
New  York  assumes  the  position  to  which  she  is  entitled  as  a  sovereign 
state,  protecting  the  rights  of  her  citizens,  and  the  Lincoln  power 
dares  not  lay  its  hand  upon  her.  Let  every  democrat  in  California 
exercise  the  like  determination,  and  all  will  be  well. 

On  August  15th,  a  motion  was  made  in  the  United  States  circuit 
court  by  Weller's  counsel,  to  summon  a  grand  jury  for  the  purpose 
of  investigating  any  charges  against  him  that  might  be  preferred. 
The  motion  was  taken  under  advisement,  and  on  the  next  day,  it 
was  withdrawn.  On  the  18th,  Weller  was  released  upon  giving 
bonds  in  the  sum  of  $25,000  to  bear  allegiance  to  the  United  States 
government. 

Another  affair  occurred  about  the  same  time  which  created  a  great 
excitement  in  the  state.  On  the  night,  of  June  30th,  the  down 
stage  from  Virginia  city  was  attacked  about  thirteen  miles  above 
Placerville,  and  a  large  amount  of  bullion  belonging  to  Wells,  Fargo 
•&  Co.  stolen.  The  robbers  gave  to  the  stage  driver  a  receipt  in  the 
following  words  :  "June,  1864.  This  is  to  certify  that  I  have 
received  from  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  the  sum  of  $  cash,  for  the 

purpose  of  outfitting  recruits  enlisted  in  California  for  the  confeder- 
ate states'  army.  R.  Henry  Ingram,  captain  commanding  company, 
O.  S.  A."  It  subsequently  developed  that  the  robbery  was  but  the 
ramification  of  a  scheme  which  had  been  set  on  foot  in  Santa  Clara 
county  to  recruit  and  equip  soldiers  in  this  state  for  the  confederate 
army.  The  robbers,  after  disposing  of  their  booty,  went  to  the 
Somerset  house,  where,  about  daylight  the  next  morning,  they  were 
overtaken  by  deputy  sheriff  J.  M.  Staples  and  constable  Ramsey, 
and  a  fight  ensued  in  which  Staples  was  killed.  Some  of  the  gang 
were  arrested,  and  the  balance  scattered  in  the  mountains.  Subse- 
quently, on  July  15th,  the  rest  of  the  party  were  found  near  San 
Jose,  and  several  of  them  were  killed  in  a  fight  with  the  sheriff's  posse, 
and  a  number  were  taken.  One  of  the  captured  robbers  confessed 
fully,  and  his  statement  lead  to  the  arrest  of  a  number  of  conspira- 
tors in  Santa  Clara  county.  The  grand  jury  of  El  Dorado  county, 
for  the  July  term,  indicted  Thomas  B.  Poole  and  nine  others  for  the 


UNION  CONVENTION.  205 

murder  of  Staples,  and  August  20th,  they  were  arraigned  before 
Judge  Brockway,  pleaded  not  guilty,  and  demanded  separate  trials. 
The  trial  of  Poole  commenced  at  Placerville,  on  August  24th,  and 
on  the  26th,  he  was  convicted  of  murder  in  the  first  degree.  On 
September  10th,  he  was  sentenced  to  be  hanged  on  October  28th, 
and  another  of  the  party  was  condemned  to  serve  twenty  years  in 
state  prison.  The  case  of  Poole  was  appealed  to  the  supreme  court, 
but  the  judgment  was  affirmed,  and  he  was  executed  at  Placerville, 
on  September  29th,  1865.  The  rest  of  the  parties  were  released  be- 
cause of  legal  technicalities. 

The  union  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco,  on  November 
30th,  1863,  and  called  a  state  convention  to  meet  at  Sacramento,  on 
March  24th,  to  select  delegates  to  attend  the  national  convention 
which  was  to  meet  at  Baltimore.  The  test  adopted  for  the  prima-j 
ries  included  all  citizens  who  sustained  the  administration  in  all  its 
efforts  to  suppress  the  rebellion,  who  favored  the  vigorous  prosecu- 
tion of  the  war  to  federal  success,  and  who  had  voted  for  Low. 
Pursuant  to  this  call,  the  convention  met  at  the  time  and  place  set. 
About  350  delegates  were  present,  representing  every  county  except 
Fresno.  The  convention  was  called  to  order  by  Nathaniel  Holland, 
chairman  of  the  state  committee.  For  temporary  chairman,  William 
H.  Sears  and  William  H.  Parks  were  placed  in  nomination,  and,  on 
the  first  ballot,  Sears  was  elected,  receiving  201  votes,  to  156  for 
Parks.  There  were  evidently  two  powerful  factions  in  the  conven- 
tion, but  the  causes  of  this  division  did  not  appear  to  be  clearly 
and  accurately  understood,  even  by  some  of  the  delegates.  The 
senatorial  election  for  the  successor  of  McDougall  was  supposed  to 
cut  a  considerable  figure  in  the  matter.  The  greater  portion  of  the 
first  day  was  consumed  in  determining  contests  for  seats  among 
delegates.  On  permanent  organization,  Sears  was  president ;  and 
R  J.  Hill,  S.  J.  Clarke,  W.  E.  Lovett,  G.  S.  Evans,  Amos  Adams, 
0.  Hartson,  John  P.  Jones,  R  Burnell,  Timothy  McCarthy,  J.  W. 
Wilcox,  0.  A.  Tuttle,  and  others,  vice-presidents.  A  committee  on 
resolutions  was  appointed,  consisting  of  W.  L.  Dudley,  C.  Hartson, 
M.  M.  Estee,  E.  W.  Roberts,  and  others.  On  the  25th,  the  com- 
mittee reported  a  resolution  in  respect  for  the  memory  of  the  late 
Rev.  Thomas  Starr  King,  which  was  unanimously  adopted.  The 
committee  then  submitted  the  following  platform,  which  was  adopted 
without  opposition  : 


206      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

WHEREAS,  The  perils  and  distresses  of  civil  war  continue  in  this 
republic  ;  and  whereas,  our  national  government  is  still  assailed  and 
sought  to  be  overthrown  by  rebels  in  arms,  and  by  traitors  advocat- 
ing peace  at  the  sacrifice  of  the  unity,  dignity  and  power  of  our 
nation  ;  and  whereas,  throughout  this  momentous  and  unparalleled 
struggle  for  national  existence,  it  is  the  imperative  duty  of  every 
citizen  to  unreservedly  and  earnestly  sustain  the  national  adminis- 
tration in  the  execution  of  all  measures  adopted  by  the  government 
for  the  suppression  of  this  unprecedented  and  iniquitous  rebellion, 
and  the  restoration  of  the  flag  of  our  country  over  all  the  national 
domain;  therefore,  resolved: 

1.  That  the  union  party  of  California  re-affirms  devotion  to  the 
union,  and  its  determination  to  support  and   sustain  the  national 
administration  in  all  its  efforts  to  suppress  this  infamous  rebellion, 
waged  against  our  national  existence,  as  long  as  a  rebel  is  found  in 
armed  hostility  to  the  laws  and   constitutional   authorities  of  the 
country,  or  a  copperhead  is  found  to  give  him  "aid  and  comfort." 

2.  That  this  convention,  representing  the  union  party  of  Califor- 
nia, endorses  the  administration  of  President  Lincoln,  from  the  first 
hour  of  its  existence  to  the  present  time ;  embracing  a  period  in  the 
history  of  our  country  more  eventful,  and  fraught  with  more  danger 
to  the  cause  of  constitutional  liberty,  than  any  like  period  in  the 
history  of  the  world;  that  we  are  unanimously  in  favor  of  his  renom- 
ination  to  the  presidency,  believing  it  will  contribute  to  the  speedy 
triumph  of  our  arms,  the  establishment  of  a  permanent  peace  through 
victory ,  and  will  be  a  merited  indorsement  of  a  wise  statesman  and 
earnest  patriot,  who  has  earned  and   possesses  the  love  and  confi- 
dence of  the  American  people.     We  therefore  instruct  our  delegates 
to  the  national   convention  to  vote  for,  and  use  all  honorable  means 
to  secure  his  renomination. 

3.  That  we  are  opposed  to  human  slavery,  as  an  institution  con- 
demned by  God  and  abhorrent  to  humanity,  a  stain  upon  the  nation's 
honor  and  a  clog  to  its  material  progress ;  that  as  the  rebels,  by 
their  own  act,  have  brought  destruction  on  this  infernal  system, 
we  regard  it  as  a  just  punishment  for  their  crime  against  their  gov- 
ernment and  the  civilization  of  the  age,  and  rejoice  that  such  good 
results  as  its  eradication  will  issue  from  our  nation's  tribulations. 

4.  That  we  take  a  just  pride  in  the  California  volunteers,  who 
have  left  the  peaceful  pursuits  of  life  to  go  forth  and  battle  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  flag  of  the  republic  against  the  polluting  hands 


UNION  CONVENTION.  207 

of  traitors  \  they  have  proven  their  patriotism  by  their  acts,  and 
have  earned  the  gratitude  and  commendation  of  the  loyal  citizens  of 
their  state.  These  brave  soldiers  of  the  union  should  be  allowed  to 
exercise  all  the  privileges  and  suffrages  of  freemen,  and  the  legisla- 
ture should,  by  suitable  enactments,  secure  them  in  that  right. 

5.  That  we  endorse  the  Hon.  John  Conness,  our  union  senator  in 
congress,  and  believe  that  his  official  acts  thus  far  have  been  fraught 
with  great  good  to  the  country  and  the  people  of  this  state,  and 
that  in  him  we  have  a  true  representative  and  an  able  and  patriotic 
statesman. 

6.  That  we  recognize  in  the  Hons.  William   Higby,  Cornelius 
Cole,  and  T.  B.  Shannon,  our  members  in  the  house,  able,  faithful, 
and  patriotic  representatives. 

7.  That  the  administration  of  Governor  Low  has  been  thus  far 
marked   with   wisdom  and  patriotism,  and  meets  with  the  hearty 
approval  of  the  loyal  citizens  of  this  state. 

8.  That  we  regard  the  Pacific  railroad  as  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant measures  of  the  national  administration ;  and  the  liberal  dona- 
tions by  congress  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  that  great  work  entitles 
it  to  the  thanks  and  support  of  the  American  people. 

Delegates  to  the  national  convention  were  then  elected,  as  fol- 
lows :  From  the  third  district — Nathan  Coombs  and  Robert  Gardner, 
without  opposition.  Second  district — 0.  H.  Bradbury  and  William 
Ritter,  over  John  J.  Sykes  and  0.  0.  Rynerson.  First  district — 
James  Otis  and  William  S.  McMurty,  over  Phineas  Banning,  Jacob 
Deeth,  Jerome  Rice,  and  0.  B.  Crary.  At  large — Thompson  Camp- 
bell, M.  0.  Briggs,  John  Bidwell,  and  Phineas  Banning,  over  Frank 
M.  Pixley,  S.  H.  Alley,  0.  Harvey,  J.  E.  Benton,  Alex.  Hunter, 
and  Samuel  Brannan.  The  following  alternates  were  selected  :  Third 
district — Andrew  J.  Snyder  and  A.  W.  Thompson ;  second  dis- 
trict— C.  P.  Huntington  and  0.  0.  Rynerson ;  first  district — William 
H.  Culver  and  A.  P.  Jourdan ;  at  large — David  Mahoney,  Samuel 
Brannan,  John  F.  Neville,  and  Amos  Kendall.  George  S.  Evans 
offered  the  following  resolution,  which  was  withdrawn  after  an  ani- 
mated discussion  : 

That  during  the  calamity  of  civil  war,  when  all  true  patriots  are 
united  against  the  common  enemy,  the  union  party  of  California 
should  be  undivided ;  that  the  creation  of  local  independent  organi- 
zations, tending  to  impair  or  destroy  the  one  union  party  of  this 
state,  is  wholly  inexcusable  by  circumstance,  pernicious  in  example, 


208       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

and  disastrous  in  consequences ;  and  that  henceforth  the  union  men 
of  California  will  disown  and  condemn  every  such  faction  as  an 
auxiliary  of  disloyalists,  and  unworthy  of  recognition  as  friends  of 
the  country. 

On  March  9th,  the  democratic  state  committee  met  at  San  Fran- 
cisco and  called  a  state  convention,  to  meet  in  that  city  on  May 
10th,  for  the  purpose  of  selecting  delegates  to  attend  the  national 
convention,  to  meet  at  Chicago  on  July  4th.  The  test  adopted  in- 
cluded all  who  were  "opposed  to  the  policy  of  the  present  national 
administration,  which  is  subversive  of  the  constitution,  the  laws, 
and  the  union  of  our  fathers ;"  in  "favor  of  a  speedy  and  honorable 
peace  that"  would  "secure  equal  and  exact  justice  to  every  section  of 
the  Ame'rican  union ;"  and  who  would  support  the  party  nominees. 
On  the  day  appointed,  the  convention  met  in  Union  hall,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  was  called  to  order  by  James  W.  Coftroth,  chairman  of 
the  state  committee.  Every  county  was  represented  except  Mono, 
San  Mateo,  and  Santa  Barbara.  John  B.  Weller  was  elected  tempo- 
rary chairman.  On  permanent  organization,  Weller  was  president ; 
and  J.  B.  Crockett,  C.  M.  Creaner,  M.  Whallen,  P.  W.  S.  Rayle, 
W.  K.  Lindsay,  C.  D.  Semple,  and  Henry  Hamilton,  vice  presi- 
dents. On  the  llth,  the  committee  on  resolutions  reported  the  fol- 
lowing platform,  which  was  adopted  : 

1.  (Same  as  the  first  resolution  adopted  by  the  democratic  con- 
vention, of  July  9th,  1863.) 

2.  (Same  as  the  second  resolution  of  the  series  above  referred  to.) 

3.  (Same  as  the  third  resolution  of  the  series  above  referred  to, 
except  that  the  words  "any  individual  of"  were  omitted.) 

4.  (Same  as  the  fourth  resolution  of  the  series  above  referred  to.) 

5.  (Same  as  the  fifth  resolution  of  the  series  above  referred  to.) 

6.  (Same  as  the  sixth  resolution  of  the  series  above  referred  to.) 

7.  (Same  as  the  seventh  resolution  of  the  series  above  referred  to. ) 

8.  (Same  as  the  eighth  resolution  of  the  series  above  referred  to.) 

9.  (Same  as  the  ninth  resolution  of  the  series  above  referred  to.) 

10.  That,  in  the  opinion  of  the  convention,  the  war  as  at  present 
conducted  by  the  abolition  party,  is  not  prosecuted  in  a  manner  to 
restore  the  union,  nor  with  any  expectation  that  it  will  have  that 
result.     On  the  contrary,  the  object  of  those  in  power  is  simply  to 
abolish    slavery,  and,  in   the  event    that  they  succeed   in  this,  to 
revolutionize  the  government,   and    establish    a    centralized   power 
utterly  subversive  of  the  rights  of  the  states  under  the  constitution, 


UNION  CONVENTION.  209 

and  that  we,  therefore,  hope  and  believe  that  the  national  conven- 
tion will  pledge  the  democratic  party  to  a  restoration  of  peace  upon 
just  and  honorable  terms. 

11  That  the  democratic  party  of  this  state  is  opposed  to  the 
taxation  of  the  mines  by  the  general  government,  believing  that  it 
will  tend  materially  to  repress  the  energy  and  enterprise  with  which 
the  mining  population  are  now  developing  the  resources  of  the  coun- 
try, be  detrimental  to  the  best  interests  of  the  state,  and  in  many 
instances  will  be  simply  an  oppressive  burden  upon  unproductive 
labor. 

12.  That  the  increase  of  the  state  tax  by  the  last  republican 
legislature,  and  their  extravagant  appropriations  of  public  money, 
when  the  people  were  already  overburdened  with  national  taxation, 
is  conclusive  evidence  of  the  unfitness  of  that  party  to  control  our 
state  legislation. 

John  B.  Weller,  John  Bigler,  John  G.  Downey,  Thomas  Hayes, 
S.  B.  Stevens,  J.  S.  Berry,  C.  Witheral,  C.  D.  Semple,  Charles  L. 
Weller,  and  S.  G.  Whipple  were  elected  delegates  to  the  national 
convention ;  and  a  state  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of 
J.  J.  Kendrick,  W.  F.  White,  R.  R.  Provines,  J.  S.  Curtis,  M. 
Whallon,  J.  C.  Burch,  F.  L.  Hatch,  D.  W.  Gelwicks,  J.  M.  Bondu- 
rant,  William  Watt,  T.  N.  Cazneau,  C.  L.  Weller,  J.  W.  Coffroth, 
J.  C.  Goods,  and  others.  A  resolution  was  unanimously  adopted 
instructing  the  ten  delegates  to  cast  the  vote  of  the  state  as  a  unit. 

Intelligence  .reached  California,  on  June  9th,  of  the  nomination  of 
Lincoln  and  Johnson  by  the  national  union  convention,  and  salutes 
were  fired  in  honor  of  the  event  in  the  principal  cities  and  towns. 
The  nominations  were  exceptionally  acceptable  to  the  union  men  of 
California,  who  were  to  a  man  enthusiastic  admirers  of  Abraham  Lin- 
coln. On  June  4th,  a  call  was  issued  by  the  state  committee  for  a 
union  convention  to  meet  on  August  30th,  for  the  purpose  of  nomi- 
nating presidential  electors.  At  that  time,  the  convention  met  at 
Sacramento  and  was  called  to  order  by  Nathaniel  Holland,  chairman 
of  the  state  committee.  J.  G.  McCallum  was  elected  temporary 
chairman  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  199,  to  170  for  William 
L.  Dudley  On  the  31st,  a  permanent  organization  was  effected  by 
the  election  of  McCallum,  as  president ;  and  Walter  Van  Dyke, 
T.  R.  Hooke,  L.  M.  Foulke,  J.  M.  Haven,  and  Charles  Maclay,  as 
vice  presidents.  The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of  A.  A. 

14 


210       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Sargent,  R  C.  Gaskill,  N.  Hamilton,  J.  McM.  Shafter,  W.  E. 
Lovett,  W.  H.  Barton,  and  C.  E.  Greene,  and  they  reported  the  fol- 
lowing resolutions,  which  were  unanimously  adopted  : 

1.  That  this  convention,  representing  the  opinions  and  wishes  of 
the  union  party  of  California,  is  fully  conscious  of  the  immensity  of 
the  struggle,  and  of  its  consequences,  in  which  this  nation  and  the 
government  representing  it  are  now  engaged.     We  accept  the  con- 
test with  its  crosses   and   triumphs,  as   the   condition   upon  which 
treason  has  made  our  national  existence  to  depend.     This  contest, 
by  action  now  deemed  humiliating,  we  have  long  avoided  ;  but  when, 
at  last,  left  no  choice — attacked — peace  and  civilization,  nation  and 
home  at  once  assailed — we  have  turned  upon  our  enemies,  resolved 
that  this  land   shall  hereafter  be  true  to  its  professions  of  attach 
ment  to  law,  to  justice  and  freedom. 

2.  That  we  firmly  adhere  to  the  platform  and  declarations  of  the 
national  union  convention  recently  held  in  Baltimore. 

3.  That  we  heartily  and  unreservedly  approve  the  nominations  of 
Abraham   Lincoln  and  Andrew  Johnson  for  president    and  vice- 
president  of  the  United  States,  and  we  pledge  to  them  that  support 
which  we  tendered  to  them  at  our  last  union  state  convention. 

4.  That,  in  the  nominations  of  candidates  for  presidential  electors, 
it  is  upon  the  express  condition  that  the  votes  of  said  electors  be 
cast  for  the  above  named  nominees  of  the  national  convention. 

5.  That  John  Conness,  in  the  support  which  he  has  given  to  the 
present  administration  as  senator  from  California,  is  heartily  en- 
dorsed and  approved,  and  the  loyal  people  of  this   state  will  hail 
with  lively  satisfaction  his  further  co-operation  with  the  administra- 
tion in  its  efforts  to  restore  peace  to  the  country  by  the  destruction 
of  the  armed  power  of  the  states  now  in  revolt  against  the  govern- 
ment. 

J.  G.  McCallum  and  Samuel  Brannan  were  nominated,  without 
opposition,  for  presidential  electors  at  large. 

Charles  Maclay  was  nominated  for  elector  from  the  first  district, 
on  the  first  ballot,  over  Andres  Pico  and  E.  D.  Wheeler  ;  W.  W, 
Crane,  Jr.,  was  nominated  from  the  second  district ;  and  Warner 
Oliver  from  the  third  district,  all  without  opposition. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  J.  J.  Warner,  R.  C, 
Gaskill,  J.  McClatchy,  J.  H.  McNabb,  S.  Cooper,  M.  Boulware, 
J.  W.  Wilcox,  A.  A.  Sargent,  and  others. 

The  first  congressional  district  convention  of  the  union  party  met 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  211 

at  Sacramento,  on  August  31st,  but  no  business  was  transacted  on 
that  day.  On  September  1st,  another  meeting  was  held.  For 
member  of  congress,  D.  0.  McRuer,  Cornelius  Cole,  and  Frederick 
Billings  were  named,  and  McRuer  was  nominated  on  the  first  ballotv 
On  August  31st,  William  Higby  was  nominated  for  congress  by  the 
second  district  convention;  and  John  Bid  well  by  the  third  district 
convention — both  without  opposition. 

On  August  31st,  news  was  received  of  the  nomination  of  Me- 
Clellan  and  Pendleton  by  the  national  democratic  convention.  The 
state  committee  of  that  party  had  called  the  state  convention  to 
name  presidential  electors  to  meet  at  San  Francisco,  on  August  16th, 
but  on  July  21st,  the  committee  postponed  the  convention  until 
September  7th,  at  which  time  the  meeting  was  had.  About  250 
delegates  were  present.  The  convention  was  called  to  order  by 
C.  L.  Weller,  chairman  of  the  state  committee,  and  Beriah  Brown 
was  elected  temporary  chairman.  On  permanent  organization,  James 
W.  Mandeville  was  president ;  W.  S.  Moss,  J.  C.  McQuaid,  W. 
Neely  Johnson,  S.  Flenrtning,  G.  W.  Crane,  S.  B.  Axtell,  D.  0.  Shat- 
tuck,  J.  R.  Snyder,  T.  J.  Henley,  William  Biven,  W.  W.  McCoyr 
and  others,  vice-presidents.  The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted 
of  E.  J.  Lewis,  H.  P.  Barber,  T.  J.  Henley,  C.  L.  Weller,  and  Thos, 
Findley,  and  on  the  8th,  they  reported  the  following  platform,  which 
was  adopted  : 

1.  That  this  convention  do  hereby  reaffirm  the  political  principle* 
embodied  in  the  platform  of  resolutions  adopted  by  the  democratic? 
state  convention  of  last  May. 

2.  That  this  convention  do  most  heartily  endorse  the   nomina- 
tion of  George  B.  McClellan  for  president,  and  George  H.  Pendle- 
ton for  vice-president  of  the  United  States;  and  also  the  platform  of 
principles  enunciated  by  the  national  democratic  convention  of  the 
29th  of  August  last. 

Presidential  electors  were  nominated  as  follows:  H.  P.  Barber 
and  John  T.  Doyle  from  the  state  at  large;  William  F.  White  from 
the  first  district ;  Jo  Hamilton  from  the  second ;  and  E.  J.  Lewis 
from  the  third.  The  defeated  candidates  for  the  nominations  were 
Thomas  Hayes,  0.  M.  Wozencraft,  William  Watt,  Beriah  Brown,  J. 
W.  Mandeville,  T.  J.  Henley  and  E.  J.  C.  Kewen. 

For  members  of  congress  John  G.  Downey  was  nominated  from 
the  first  district,  James  W.  Coffroth  from  the  second,  and  Jackson 


212       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Temple  from  the  third.  Shortly  before  the  adjournment  the  follow- 
ing preamble  and  resolution  was  adopted  : 

WHEREAS,  Citizens  of  this  state,  at  various  times,  have  been  un- 
der military  arrest  by  reason  of  entertaining  and  expressing  senti- 
ments in  opposition  to  the  policy  of  the  present  administration;  now 
therefore  be  it  resolved, 

That  for  the  greater  security  of  the  citizen  from  arrest  for  the  ex- 
pression of  political  opinion,  either  in  speech  or  by  pen,  as  guaran- 
teed to  him  by  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  the  county 
democratic  central  committees  of  the  various  counties  of  the  state 
be  hereby  requested,  that  when  an  arrest  in  their  respective  counties 
for  opinion's  sake,  or  for  expression  of  such  political  opinion,  shall 
be  made,  to  immediately  convene  and  inquire  into  the  cause  of  such 
arrest ;  and  if  it  shall  appear  to  have  been  made  without  good  cause, 
to  take  such  immediate  and  proper  action  as.  shall  be  necessary  to 
secure  to  the  accused  a  speedy  and  impartial  trial  of  the  rights  of  a 
citizen  under  the  constitution  of  the  United  States. 

J.  D.  Hambleton  was  selected  as  alternate  for  White,  S.  B.  Axtell 
for  Hamilton,  and  W.  Neely  'Johnson  for  Lewis.  A  resolution  was 
adopted  recommending  to  the  democrats  throughout  the  state  to  hold 
mass  meetings  on  September  17th,  to  commemorate  the  adoption  of 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States. 

On  September  25th,  Downey  declined  to  accept  the  nomination 
for  congressman,  and  on  October  15th,  the  congressional  conven- 
tion of  the  first  district  met  again  at  San  Francisco,  and  nominated 
J.  B.  Crockett  for  the  office  and  to  fill  the  vacancy  on  the  ticket. 

The  election  was  held  on  Tuesday,  November  8,  1864,  and  the 
official  canvass  of  the  vote  on  December  8th,  exhibited  the  follow- 
ing result : 

For  Congressmen:  First  District — McRuer,  20,677;  Crockett, 
14,821. 

Second  District— Higby,  23,092;  Coffroth,  14,557. 

Third  District— Bid  well,  18,018  ;  Temple,  14,249. 

For  Presidential  Electors:  Lincoln — Brannan,j52j()53;  McCallum, 
62,120;  Crane,  62,134;  Oliver,  62,131;  Maclay,  62,117.  McClellan— 
Doyle,  43,839;  Barber,  43,829;  White,  43,833;  Hamilton,  43,841; 
Lewis,  43,832. 

On  December  7th,  the  union  electors  met  in  the  senate  chamber 
in  the  state  capitol  and  cast  the  vote  of  the  state  for  Lincoln  and 
Johnson ;  and  McCallum  was  appointed  messenger  to  convey  the  re. 
turns  to  Washington. 


DIVISION  OF  UNION  PARTY.  213 

CHAPTER  XVII. 

1865.     Division  of  the  Union  Party — Union  Convention — Democratic 

Convention. 

Early  in  April,  1865,  great  excitement  prevailed  over  the  fall  of 
Richmond,  the  surrender  of  Lee,  and  other  successes  of  the  union 
army,  indicating  the  fall  of  the  southern  confederacy;  and  on  the 
13th  the  events  were  celebrated  in  various  parts  of  the  state  by  a 
general  suspension  of  business,  and  by  processions  and  the  firing  of 
salutes ;  but  on  the  1 5th  a  gloom  was  cast  over  the  state  by  the  re- 
ception of  the  intelligence  of  the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln. 
At  San  Francisco  a  mob  organized  on  the  afternoon  of  the  15th,  and 
destroyed  the  printing  material  in  the  offices  of  the  Democratic  Press, 
the  Occidental,  News  Letter  and  Monitor,  and  a  French  newspaper; 
and  attempted  to  pay  the  same  mark  of  respect  to  the  JEcco  du  Pa- 
cifique,  but  desisted  as  the  property  of  the  Alta  would  be  injured  in 
the  attempt.  The  newspapers  against  which  these  attacks -were 
made  were  of  the  democratic  school,  and  their  destruction  was  ex- 
cused by  the  mob  upon  the  ground  that  their  expressions  had  been 
disloyal  to  the  government,  and  insulting  toward  the  deceased  pres- 
ident. During  these  scenes  of  violence  the  greatest  excitement  pre- 
vailed. In  various  parts  of  the  state  arrests  were  made  of  persons 
who  rejoiced  over  the  death  of  Lincoln,  and  the  prisoners  were  con- 
fined in  Fort  Alcatraz,  but  were  subsequently  released  upon  taking 
oaths  of  allegiance. 

In  1865  the  first  serious  division  occurred  within  the  ranks  of 
the  union  party  since  its  organization.  The  wings  of  the  party 
were  styled  the  "long  hairs"  and  the  "short  hairs,"  and  in  July, 
1865,  the  Grass  Valley  Union  gave  the  following  account  of  the 
origin  of  the  ridiculous  distinctive  designations  : 

The  use  of  the  terms  "long  hair"  and  "short  hair,"  as  now  ap- 
plied to  the  two  sections  of  the  union  party,  originated  in  the  course 
of  a  debate  in  the  assembly,  at  the  last  session  of  the  legislature, 
upon  a  bill  to  re-district  the  city  of  San  Francisco  into  wards,  and 
the  apportionment  of  the  supervisor  districts.  It  was  charged  upon 
those  who  claimed  to  be  the  particular  friends  of  Oonness,  that  they 
were  endeavoring  to  "gerrymander"  the  city  so  that  the  control  of 
its  affairs  might  be  thrown  again  into  the  hands  of  the  "roughs" 
and  "short  hair  boys."  The  term  seemed  so  expressive  that  gen- 
eral opinion  adopted  it  as  the  proper  cognomen  of  that  faction—  and 


214       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

they  have  adopted  it  with  a  full  knowledge  of  its  literal  and  polit- 
ical significance.  They  desire  power  for  its  profit,  and  will  rule  or 
ruin. 

Governor  Low  was  a  candidate  for  United  States  senator  to  suc- 
ceed McDougall,  and  his  claims  were  championed  by  Senator  Con- 
ness.  The  short  hair  element  of  the  party  favored  the  election  of 
Low,  and  the  main  split  followed  from  the  determined  opposition  of 
the  long  hairs,  and  the  expression  of  preference  by  them  for  some 
other  senatorial  candidate.  The  first  division  occurred  in  Sacra- 
mento at  the  municipal  election  in  March,  1865,  but  the  long  hair 
or  regular  candidate  for  city  trustee  was  elected.  The  regular 
union  primaries  and  county  conventions  were  held  in  May,  June, 
and  July,  and  the  main  issue  was  on  the  senatorial  election.  Other 
than  Low,  the  principal  candidates  for  that  office  were  A.  A.  Sar- 
gent, John  B.  Felton,  and  Cornelius  Cole.  Early  in  June  the  pri- 
mary election  was  held  in  Nevada  county,  and  the  short  hairs  or 
Low  men  were  defeated,  the  preference  being  expressed  for  Sargent. 
The  county  convention  was  held,  and  a  union  county  ticket  nomi- 
nated. Soon  afterward  a  call  was  issued  for  a  "  people's  union " 
convention  to  assemble  at  Nevada  City  on  July  1st,  to  nominate  a 
ticket  "  without  trickery  and  fraud,"  as  it  was  alleged  had  been 
committed  and  resorted  to  in  the  regular  convention.  The  call  was 
issued  by  the  short  hairs,  and  it  was  the  first  signal  for  a  general 
bolt  in  the  other  counties  by  the  adherents  of  Low,  wherever  they 
met  with  defeat  at  the  primary  election  polls.  It  was  charged  by 
the  long  hairs  that  the  shorts  resorted  to  frauds  at  the  primary  elec- 
tions, and  that  they  were  aided  in  their  scheme  to  disrupt  the  union 
party  by  the  democrats.  In  July,  1865,  the  Placerville  Mirror 
(long)  said  : 

Every  federal  officer,  every  officer  appointed  by  Governor  Low, 
and  two-thirds  of  the  county  officers,  have  been  steadily  at  work  for 
two  months,  trying  to  carry  El  Dorado  county  for  Conness  and 
Low  ;  and  for  the  last  week  battalions  of  blowers  and  strikers  from 
San  Francisco,  Sacramento,  and  San  Quentin  have  been  detailed 
here  to  operate  at  the  primaries. 

And  on  July  22d,  the  Sacramento  Union  said,  in  referring  to  the 
bolt: 

In  every  county  of  the  state  where  regular  nominations  have 
been  made  by  union  conventions,  and  the  nominees  have  been  anti- 
Low,  the  friends  of  that  senatorial  aspirant,  when  they  have  bolted, 


DIVISION  OF  UNION  PARTY.  215 

'have  sought  affiliation  with  copperheads,  and  thus  endeavored  to 
destroy  the  integrity  of  the  union  organization,  and  give  aid  and 
comfort  to  the  enemy.  They  have  done  this  in  Nevada,  Placer, 
Plumas  and  Yuba  counties,  thus  sacrificing  principle  for  the  polit- 
ical elevation  of  a  favorite  candidate,  and  it  is  said  they  will  en- 
deavor to  pursue  the  same  course  in  other  counties  under  like  cir- 
cumstances. 

The  platforms  adopted  by  the  short  hairs  in  their  county  conven- 
tions were  generally  framed   in  sentiment  acceptable   to  the  demo- 
crats, and  it  was  generally  understood  that   the  latter  would  make 
no  nominations,  but  would   support  the  bolting  tickets1.     In  (YulMjD 
county  the  short  hair  convention  adopted  the  following  resolution  : 

That  while  we  are  willing  to  extend  to  the  African  or  negro  race  | 
upon  the  continent  all  their  £a,turaP  rights^  knd  protect  them  in  the  / 
enjoyment  of  the  same,  we  still   believe  this  to  be  a  "white  man's  \ 
government,"  and   that   allowing  or  permitting  the  negro  to  vote   f 
would  be  the  introduction  of  a  system  unnatural,  impolitic,  and  de- 
grading. 

And  that  is  a  fair  representation  of  the  views  expressed  by  that 
side  upon  this  subject,  upon  which  the  democrats  at  that  time  were 
very  sensitive.  The  short  hairs  contended  that  the  union  party  at 
the  commencement  of  the  war,  was  formed  of  discordant  materials; 
that  men  of  all  parties — whigs,  democrats,  republicans,  and  Douglas 
democrats — had  united  to  sustain  the  national  government ;  that 
they  had  responded  nobly  to  the  country's  call ;  that  as  the  war  was 
over,  the  several  elements  of  the  party  had  again  divided,  and  had 
ceased  to  treat  each  other  with  respect;  that  one  class  (the  long 
hairs)  claimed  all  the  offices,  to  the  exclusion  of  all  other  classes ; 
and  that  as  a  consequence  of  this  tendency  on  the  part  of  the  long- 
hair faction,  the  bolt  had  been  projected  by  the  short  hair  party  as  a 
measure  in  the  direction  of  securing  justice  and  a  proper  recogni- 
tion. The  Butte  county  regular  union  convention,  on  August  8th, 
adopted  the  following  resolutions,  directed  against  the  bolters : 

WHEREAS,  In  many  counties  of  this  state,  certain  union  men 
have  declared  that  the  object  for  which  the  union  party  had  been 
formed  was  now  fully  accomplished,  and  that  they  were  therefore  at 
liberty  to  dissolve  and  disorganize  the  party  which  had  successfully 
.sustained  the  government  through  years  of  rebellion  against  it ;  and 
whereas,  new  issues  have  been  presented  to  the  people  of  this  state, 


216      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

upon  which  union  men  of  the  union  party  may  and  will  be  called 
upon  to  act ;  and  whereas,  it  is  not  only  the  privilege  but  the  duty 
of  union  men  to  make  open  avowal  of  their  opinions  upon  such 
issues ;  therefore,  be  it  resolved  by  the  union  party  of  Butte  county, 
in  convention  assembled  : 

1.  That  the  mission  of  the  union  party  is  not  yet  accomplished. 

2.  That  the  men  and  parties  of  men,  who  advocate  the  dissolution 
or  disorganization  of  that  party  can  be   successful   in  their  desires 
only  by  open  affiliation  with  secessionists  and  copperheads. 

3.  That  the  union  party  propose  to  decide  upon  and   settle  the 
new  issues  growing  out  of  the  rebellion  and  its  suppression  without 
the  advice  of  southern  secessionists  or  northern  doughfaces. 

4.  That  we  have  unlimited  confidence  in  the  integrity,  ability, 
and  patriotism  of  President  Johnson  and   his  cabinet,  and  in  such 
confidence  we  submit  to  the  advice  and  the  action  of  our  national 
congress  all  questions  of  reconstruction,  and  all   action  in  regard  to 
the  late  seceded  states  of  the  union. 

5.  That  the  question  of  "negro  suffrage,"  which  the  so-called  dem- 
ocratic party  is  endeavoring  to  force  upon  the  union  party  of  the 
union,  and  of  this  state,  is  one  which   belongs  in  the  non-seceding 
states,  exclusively  to  the  states  themselves,  and   as  yet  in  this  state 
is  not  an  issue  to  be  presented  to  the  people  for  their  action. 

The  union  primaries  and  conventions  were  very  exciting  in  conse- 
quence of  the  unfortunate  division  in  the  party,  and  much  bitterness 
of  feeling  was  manifested.  A  feud  had  long  existed  between  the  old 
line  republicans  and  the  Douglas  democrats,  and  although  events 
had  entirely  erased  the  old  party  lines,  issues  long  since  dead  had 
been  dragged  into  the  political  arena  and  had  added  to  the  feeling 
of  hostility  produced  by  other  causes.  The  only  serious  demonstra- 
tion of  this  hostile  feeling,  however,  occurred  at  Sacramento  on  July 
25th,  when  the  union  county  convention  was  held.  The  Low  and 
anti-Low  delegates  were  about  equally  divided  in  numbers  in  the 
body.  The  convention  met  in  the  assembly  chamber  in  the  then 
state  capitol.  The  desks  which  had  ordinarily  occupied  the  floor  had 
been  removed,  and  a  sufficient  number  of  chairs  had  been  placed  in 
their  stead,  to  accommodate  the  106  delegates  who  were  expected  to 
participate  in  the  proceedings.  As  the  room  filled  up,  it  was  a 
noticeable  fact  that,  almost  without  exception,  the  Low.  or  short  hair 
delegates  occupied  the  seats  on  the  right  of  the  speaker's  chair,  and 
the  anti-Low  or  long  hairs  those  on  the  left.  Immediately  when  the 


THE   "SPITTOON"   CONVENTION.  217 

convention  was  called  to  order,  two  persons  were  placed  in  nomination 
for  temporary  secretary,  and  voted  for.  The  chairman  of  the  county 
committee  pronounced  W.  H.  Barton,  the  long  hair  candidate,  elected 
to  the  position  on  a  viva  voce  vote.  The  convention  was  at  once 
thrown  into  confusion,  and  the  Low  delegates  insisted  on  a  count  of 
the  votes.  The  scene  that  followed  is  thus  described  by  the  reporter 
of  the  Sacramento  Union: 

Barton  advanced  from  the  left  toward  the  secretary's  table,  when 
the  delegates  from  the  right  made  a, general  rush  to  the  left  side  of 
the  house.  Then  ensued  an  indescribable  and  a  terrible  scene,  such 
as  was  never  before  witnessed  in  Sacramento  at  any  political  conven- 
tion. Barton  was  intercepted  before  reaching  the  secretary's  table 
and  told  that  he  should  not  take  his  seat.  The  delegates  on  the  left 
crowded  up  for  the  purpose  of  supporting  him  as  those  from  the  right 
formed  a  solid  phalanx  on  the  front  to  prevent  him  from  advancing. 
In  a  moment,  the  two  parties  were  engaged  in  a  hand  to  hand  fight. 
Solid  hickory  canes,  which  appeared  to  be  abundant  on  both  sides,, 
were  plied  with  vigor.  Spittoons  flew  from  side  to  side  like  bomb- 
shells on  a  battle  field.  Inkstands  took  the  place  of  solid  shot.. 
Pistols  were  drawn  and  used  as  substitutes  for  clubs.  The  principal 
weapons,  however,  which  were  used  by  both  sides  were  the  cane  bot- 
tomed arm  chairs,  which  were  of  course  within  the  reach  of  every 
one.  These  implements — not  very  well  adapted  to  purposes  of  war- 
fare— were  swung  in  the  air  by  the  dozens  and  broken  over  the  heads 
of  the  contending  parties.  In  some  instances,  chairs  were  broken  up 
for  the  purpose  of  procuring  the  legs  to  use  as  clubs.  No  firearms 
were  discharged,  and  no  knives  were  used.  The  fight  took  place 
exclusively  on  the  left  side  of.  the  room,  and  lasted  probably  five 
minutes.  At  the  close,  the  anti-Low  men  or  long  hairs,  who  had 
rallied  to  the  support  of  Barton,  were  driven  from  the  field.  Several 
jumped  out  of  the  windows,  others  who  were  badly  hurt  were 
assisted  out  of  the  building,  while  the  greater  portion  passed  into 
the  ante-rooms  and  the  main  hall  or  to  those  portions  of  the  assem- 
bly chamber  which  were  regarded  as  neutral  ground.  The  fight  waa 
stubborn  and  effective  while  it  lasted  on  the  part  of  the  long  hairs 
as  well  as  the  shorts. 

After  the  fight,  the  long  hairs  retired  in  a  body  and  organized  in 
another  hall,  while  the  short  hairs  proceeded  with  business  in  the 
capitol.  Each  convention  nominated  a  full  local  ticket,  and  elected 
a  set  of  delegates  to  the  state  convention.  Newton  Booth  was  nomi- 


218       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

nated  for  state  senator  by  the  long  hairs,  and  E.  H.  Heaoock  by  the 
shorts.  The  shorts  attributed  the  trouble  to  an  alleged  partial 
ruling  by  the  chairman  of  the  committee  in  favor  of  Barton,  and  to 
the  determination  on  the  part  of  the  longs  to  run  the  convention 
without  regard  to  the  rights  or  wishes  of  the  opposition.  The  short 
hair  convention  instructed  their  nominees  for  the  legislature  to  vote 
for  Low  for  United  States  senator,  but  that  gentleman,  on  August 
2d,  published  the  following  card  in  the  Bulletin  withdrawing  from 
the  contest : 

To  the  people  of  California — Some  months  since  many  personal 
and  political  friends  in  various  portions  of  the  state  thought  proper 
to  put  my  name  forward  as  a  candidate  for  the  United  States  senate, 
to  succeed  the  Hon.  James  A.  McDougall,  whose  term  will  expire 
March  4th,  1867.  To  their  requests  for  authority  to  use  my  name, 
I  replied  that  if  I  could  be  elected  honorably  I  would  accept  the 
position.  I  expected,  naturally  enough,  that  the  usual  amount  of 
partisan  bitterness  would  be  engendered  by  the  contest,  but  hoped 
that  the  discussions  would  be  conducted  in  a  spirit  of  fairness  and 
with  due  regard  to  the  proprieties  of  life.  My  expectations  have 
been  more  than  realized  in  regard  to  the  former,  but  my  hopes  of 
the  latter  have  proved  futile.  As  a  citizen,  I  can  bear  attacks  made 
in  the  excitement  of  political  contests,  calmly  looking  to  the  time 
when  the  heated  passions  shall  have  subsided  for  a  just  and  con- 
siderate judgment  and  a  complete  vindication.  As  a  public  officer, 
I  cannot  longer  remain  silent  and  allow  my  usefulness  to  be  im- 
paired, or  permit  the  attacks,  directed  at  me  personally,  to  bring 
odium  upon  the  state.  Occupying  the  position  T  do>  in  the  union 
party,  I  cannot  longer  permit  the  charge  to  go  unrefuted  that  I  am 
alone  responsible  for  its  threatened  disruption  to  serve  my  personal 
ends,  when  the  fact  is,  that  never,  by  word  or  deed,  have  I  assisted, 
counseled  or  advised  a  "split"  or  "bolt"  in  any  county  in  the  state, 
however  much  the  circumstances  of  the  case  might  seem  to  justify 
such  action. 

In  view  of  these  considerations,  and  desiring  to  settle  at  once  and 
forever  these  and  all  other  points  of  controversy,  and  not  being  aware 
of  any  other  way  of  doing  it  so  effectually,  I  desire  that  my  name  be 
no  longer  used  in  connection  with  the  office  referred  to.  Elect 
honest  and  capable  men  to  the  legislature,  and  let  them  select  from 
among  the  numerous  candidates,  one  as  to  whose  integrity  and  ability 
there  can  be  no  question.  Let  him  be  a  man  of  large  and  liberal 


DIVISION  OF  UNION  PARTY.  219 

views,  devoid  of  meanness  and  partisan  bigotry;  one  who  has  been 
faithful  and  true  to  the  country  during  her  years  of  darkness  and 
peril ;  one  whose  past  public  record  will  be  an  ample  assurance  that 
he  can  safely  be  entrusted  with  the  great  work  of  reconstructing 
and  readjusting  the  rebellious  states  in  the  union,  having  due  regard 
to  the  great  principles  of  liberty,  humanity,  and  justice;  one  who 
will  honestly  endeavor  to  subserve  the  best  interests  of  the  state 
and  the  nation.  To  such  a  man,  I  will  give  my  cordial  support  and 
co-operation.  A  consciousness  of  the  rectitude  of  my  purposes  and 
actions,  and  a  desire  to  allay  rather  than  increase  the  bitterness  of 
feeling  at  present  existing,  are  my  reasons  for  making  this  public 
announcement. 

The  withdrawal  of  Governor  Low  from  the  senatorial  contest  did 
not,  however,  heal  the  breach  in  the  union  party.  In  most  of  the 
counties  bolting  tickets  were  nominated,  while  the  democratic  con- 
ventions adjourned  without  making  nominations,  but  with  recom- 
mendations that  the  members  of  their  party  support  the  short  hair 
tickets.  The  prospect  of  an  election  inspired  the  bolters  to  remain 
in  the  field.  In  San  Francisco,  early  in  August,  a  petition  was 
circulated  among  the  union  voters,  asking  certain  prominent  citizens 
to  constitute  themselves  a  union  county  convention  for  the  purpose 
of  nominating  a  local  ticket,  electing  delegates  to  the  state  conven- 
tion, and  appointing  a  county  committee.  This  movement  was  ex- 
cused upon  the  ground  that  the  then  union  committee  had  no  legiti- 
mate existence,  because  the  terms  for  which  its  members  had  been 
elected  had  expired,  and  because  the  manner  in  which  primary 
elections  had  been  conducted  in  that  city,  and  the  means  and  appli- 
ances which  had  been  notoriously  used  to  influence  their  result  had 
given  no  security  that  they  would  express  the  will  of  the  real  union 
men  and  lawful  voters  of  the  city  as  to  the  choice  of  the  men  they 
would  have  to  represent  them  in  the  conventions  and  committees  of 
the  party.  The  petition  was  extensively  signed,  and  the  gentlemen 
designated  met  in  convention  and  agreed  upon  a  ticket  and  named 
delegates  to  the  state  convention.  The  "regular"  union  primaries 
were  held  in  that  city,  on  August  6th,  and  the  short-hairs  carried 
them  by  a  large  majority.  The  delegates  so  elected  also  held  a  conven- 
tion and  nominated  a  local  ticket,  and  selected  a  set  of  delegates  to 
attend  the  state  convention.  After  the  withdrawal  of  Low,  the  short- 
hairs  generally  transferred  their  support  to  Felton  for  United  States 
senator. 


220       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  union  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco,  on  June  28th, 
and  called  the  state  convention  to  meet  at  Sacramento,  on  August 
16th,  to  nominate  a  candidate  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court.  It 
was  apprehended  that  the  division  that  existed  in  the  party  would 
be  carried  into  the  convention,  as  double  delegations  had  been  elected 
from  seven  or  eight  counties,  and  each  faction  evinced  a  disposition 
to  resort  to  any  advantage  that  would  have  the  effect  to  secure  to  it 
the  control  of  the  body.  The  convention  met  at  the  appointed  time, 
at  the  Sixth-street  M.  E.  church,  and  was  called  to  order  by  A.  J. 
Bryant,  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  J.  G.  McCallum  (long- 
hair) was  elected  temporary  chairman,  without  opposition — contrary 
to  the  general  expectation.  A  committee  on  resolutions,  consisting 
of  J.  W.  Dwinelle,  Ira  P.  Rankin,  W.  L.  Dudley,  I.  S.  Belcher,  0. 
Hartson,  W.  S.  Safford,  and  Henry  Philip,  was  appointed.  On  the 
17th,  the  committee  on  credentials  reported  that  they  had  listened 
to  a  vast  amount  of  evidence  on  the  various  contests,  and  had 
endeavored  to  determine  in  favor  of  the  delegations  which  were  the 
choice  of  the  majority  of  the  union  voters  of  the  counties.  They 
decided  in  favor  of  admitting  the  long  hair  delegation  from  Sacra- 
mento, and  the  short-hair  delegation  from  San  Francisco.  The 
minority  of  the  committee  favored  the  admission  of  the  short  hair 
delegation  from  Sacramento,  but  concurred  in  the  majority  report  in 
the  other  particular.  The  defeated  delegates  from  San  Francisco 
waived  their  claims,  and  the  lengthy  discussion  in  the  convention  oh 
the  adoption  of  the  majority  report  was  confined  entirely  to  the 
Sacramento  case.  The  majority  report  was  adopted.  On  perma- 
nent organization,  McCallum  was  elected  president;  and  W.  L. 
Dudley  and  W.  E.  Hopping,  vice-presidents. 

For  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  Silas  W.  Sanderson,  John  H. 
McKune,  W.  T.  Sexton,  and  S.  W.  Brock  way  were  named.  Sexton 
and  Brockway  withdrew.  On  the  first  ballot,  Sanderson  received 
219  votes  and  McKune  88,  and  the  former  was  declared  nominated. 

A  state  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  W.  Murray,  S.  J. 
Clarke,  J.  W.  Dwinelle,  H.  S.  Brown,  A.  B.  Nixon,  C.  Hartson, 
Felix  Tracy,  W.  H.  Parks,  John  Yule,  S.  H.  Parker,  W.  C.  Ralston, 
A.  Barstow,  J.  R.  Hardenbergh,  and  others. 

The  following  resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted  : 

1.  That  representing  the  loyal  union  men,  and  the  union  party 
of  California,  we  acknowledge  our  inestimable  debt  of  gratitude 
to  the  brave  men  who  on  land  and  sea  have  fought  the  battles 


UNION  CONVENTION.  221 

of  the  republic  through  the  varying  fortunes  of  a  desperate  civil 
war;  to  the  statesmen  who  have  exercised  the  civil  authority 
of  the  government  and  conducted  its  diplomacy;  and  above  all,  to 
Almighty  God,  whose  gracious  Providence  in  the  affairs  of  men  was 
never  more  signally  manifest  than  in  bringing  our  country — the 
hope  and  beacon  light  of  humanity — triumphantly  through  so  terri- 
ble a  struggle. 

2.  That  while  we  have  reason  to  rejoice  in  the  success  which  has 
attended  union  arms,  and  union  principles,  we  recognize  the  fact  that 
our  work  is  not  yet  done;  that  great  questions  yet  remain  to  be 
settled  and  great  difficulties  to  be  overcome  by  congress  and  the 
administration  in  bringing  order,  peace,  and  submission  to  law,  out 
of  the  confusion  and  disorder  in  which  the  war  has  left  the  late  rebel 
states;  that  there  are  still  elements  of  disaffection  to  be  restrained 
in  the  section  lately  in  rebellion  and  to  be  combatted  at  the  polls  in 
California;  and  that  consequently  there  is  no  less  necessity  than 
heretofore  for  maintaining  the  organization  of  the  party  in  its  full 
vigor  and  integrity,  to  the  end  that  California  may  at  all  times  be 
in  a  condition  to  render  the  most  effective  and  loyal  support  to  every 
measure  of  policy   which   may  be  found  necessary  by  congress  or 
the  administration  in  order  to  maintain  the  authority  of  the  union 
and  to  secure  and  perpetuate  the  just  fruits  of  victory. 

3.  That  in  the  life  of  Abraham  Lincoln  we  recognize  not  only  the 
eminent  and  lasting  services  which  he  rendered   to  our  country  as 
a   patriot  and  a   statesman,  but  also  the  brilliant  and   unstained 
example   which    he   has   left  to  his   countrymen  and  to   mankind. 
Hitherto  our  history  has  been  wanting  in  our  illustration  of  the 
stimulating  energy  and  of  the  field  of  action  bestowed  by  our  republi- 
can institutions.      But  in  the  history  of  his  life  we  have  an  actual 
instance  of  one  born  in  the  humblest  condition  of  society,  who  sur- 
mounted the  obstacles  infused  by  poverty  and  want  of  education, 
rising  successively  from  the  lowest  to  the    highest  station  in  our 
country,  equal  to   every  position  and  superior  to  every  trial,  and 
everywhere  and  at  all  times,  and  for  all  time  presenting  to  the  world 
the  ideal  type  of  the  representative  republican,  man,  citizen,  and 
patriot.     On  his  tomb,  we  lay  the  offering  of  our  gratitude  and 
love. 

4.  That  in  Andrew  Johnson  we  recognize  the  worthy  successor  of 
Abraham  Lincoln ;  like  him,  the  representative  of  the  benefits  of 
our  free  and  beneficent  republican  institutions,  and  that  to  him  we 
transfer,  with  undoubting  faith,  the  allegiance  of  hope  and  love 


222       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

which  we  bear  to  the  beloved  institutions  of  our  country.  That 
we  approve  the  spirit  of  combined  firmness  and  clemency  which  has 
thus  far  characterized  his  administration.  We  endorse  his  declara- 
tion "  that  the  restoration  of  peace  and  order  cannot  be  intrusted  to 
rebels  and  traitors  who  destroyed  the  peace  and  trampled  down  the 
order  that  had  existed  more  than  half  a  century,"  and  believe  it  to 
be  the  duty  of  all  union  men  to  oppose  the  restoration  of  civil  power 
in  the  rebellious  states  until  the  president  and  congress  shall  be 
satisfied  that  it  will  be  wielded  by  truly  loyal  majorities  therein. 
We  have  the  fullest  confidence  in  the  administration  of  President 
Johnson,  and  in  his  patriotism,  wisdom,  and  judgment,  and  pledge 
him  our  earnest  support. 

5.  That  it  is  the  duty  and  policy  of  California  to  adopt  the  amend- 
ment of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  prohibiting  involun- 
tary servitude,  except  on  conviction  for  crime,  throughout  the  United 
States. 

6.  That  the  Monroe  doctrine  is  the  traditional  and   well-estab- 
lished policy  of  the  United  States,  and  we  cannot  see  with  indiffer- 
ence the  subversion  of  the  liberties  of  a  friendly  republic  by  European 
arms,  and  the  establishment  of  imperialism  by  the  same  means,  on 
our  immediate  borders. 

The  following  additional  resolutions  were  offered  by  J.  R.  Buck- 
bee,  but  they  were  lost  by  a  large  majority : 

7.  That  California  is  unalterably  pledged  to  maintain  the  plighted 
faith  of  the  nation  for  the  payment  of  the  public  debt;  and  that  by 
no  act,  either  direct  or  indirect,  will  she  favor  repudiation,  nor  pur- 
sue a  state  financial  policy  calculated  to  impair  the  national  credit, 
either  at  home  or  abroad. 

8.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  collecting  the  state  revenue  on  the 
national  currency,  and  that  a  law  making  such  provision  should  be 
enacted  during  the  session  of  the  next  legislature. 

9.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  establishing  the  national  banking 
system  in  this  state,  and  that  its  introduction  should  be  encouraged 
and  promoted  by  all  proper  and  necessary  state  legislation. 

10.  That  it  follows  as  a  corollary  from  the  three  preceding  pro- 
positions, that  the  law,  known  as  the  "specific  contract  law"  should 
be  repealed. 

On  August  24th,  the  union  state  committee  issued  an  address  to 
the  members  of  the  party,  in  which  they  recited  : 


ADDRESS  OF  UNION  STATE   COMMITTEE.        22S 

It  is  useless  for  us  to  disguise  the  fact  that  there  exists  within 
the  party,  in  the  various  counties  of  the  state,  much  dissatisfaction. 
It  has  been  said  that  there  are  now  no  issues  before  the  people;  that 
the  mission  and  work  of  the  union  party  are  finished.  It  cannot  be 
that  this  is  the  judgment  of  the  loyal  men  of  California.  Never 
were  there  more  momentous  issues  before  any  party.  What  more 
important  issue  could  possibly  be  presented  than  the  simple  one  of 
whether  you  shall  be  governed  by  loyal  men  or  traitors  ?  If  no 
principle  were  involved,  this  alone  should  call  forth  your  most 
earnest  and  enthusiastic  exertions.  *  *  *  Losing  sight 
of  the  work  of  reconstruction  yet  before  the  union  party,  ambitious 
men  have  allowed  themselves  to  be  drawn  into  a  course  of  action 
which  cannot  be  other  than  the  destruction  of  the  union  party,  and 
the  triumph,  not  alone  of  its  enemies,  but  of  the  deadly  enemies  of 
the  country.  Office  acquired  by  the  aid  of  traitor  votes  will  only 
prove  a  legacy  of  shame.  There  is  no  middle  ground.  You  must 
be  for  the  country  through  the  union  organization,  or  against  the 
country  in  company  of  traitors.  Division  can  only  result  in  disaster. 
No  personal  jealousy  can  justify  it.  Any  success  outside  of  the  union 
organization  will  be,  not  the  success  of  union  men,  but  of  traitors; 
for  it  will  be  the  first  step  toward  placing  the  latter  in  power. 
Defeat  the  regular  nominations  in  any  considerable  number  of  coun- 
ties at  the  approaching  September  election,  and  your  state,  govern- 
ment will  inevitably  pass  out  of  your  hands  at  the  next  state  elec- 
tion. Believing  that  this  disaster  can  only  be  averted  by  union  and 
harmony  in  our  own  ranks,  we  earnestly  urge  and  implore  the  union 
men  to  stand  firmly  by  the  regular  organization.  If  sacrifices  of 
feelings  are  necessary,  let  them  be  made. 

The  general  election  for  members  of  the  legislature  and  county 
officers  was  held  on  September  6th.  The  democrats  coalesced  with 
the  short  hairs  in  most  of  the  counties,  upon  the  principle  of  opposi- 
tion to  negro  suffrage,  and  of  a  paper  currency  in  place  of  gold  and 
silver.  The  fusion  was  made  in  Sacramento  county  two  days  before 
the  election,  but  generally  in  the  state  the  democrats  made  no  nomi- 
nations. The  long  hair  ticket  was  successful  in  Shasta,  Sierra, 
Sutter,  Yuba,  Butte,  Tehama,  Nevada,  Placer,  Alpine,  Calaveras, 
San  Joaquin,  Santa  Clara,  Alameda,  Los  Angeles,  Tuolumne,  Mari- 
posa,  El  Dorado,  and  several  other  counties;  while  the  fusionists 
carried  Sacramento,  Amador,  Yolo,  Sonoma,  and  Stanislaus  counties, 
and  were  partially  successful  in  San  Francisco.  The  long  hairs 
secured  the  control  of  the  legislature. 


224       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

On  August  16th,  the  democratic  state  committee  called  a  state 
judicial  convention  of  that  party,  to  meet  at  Sacramento,  on  Sep- 
tember 19th,  at  which  time  that  body  convened  in  the  Seventh- 
street  M.  E.  church.  James  C.  Goods,  chairman  of  the  state  com- 
mittee, called  the  convention  to  order,  and  J.  P.  Hoge  was  unani- 
mously elected  temporary  chairman.  On  permanent  organization, 
Hoge  was  president;  and  John  Bigler,  W.  McClure,  James  Johnson, 
W.  F.  White,  George  Pearce,  Wm.  Watt,  John  McDougal,  Alex. 
Montgomery,  W.  T.  Coleman,  and  others,  vice-presidents.  A  com- 
mittee on  resolutions  was  appointed,  consisting  of  P.  A.  Forrester, 
E.  H.  Vandecar,  W.  H.  Glascock,  Eugene  Oasserly,  J.  W.  Coffroth, 
George  Pearce,  D.  W.  Gelwicks,  C.  D.  Semple,  W.  T.  Coleman, 
Thos.  Findley,  J.  D.  Hambleton,  and  others. 

The  committee  reported  the  following  resolutions  : 

1.  That  we  sincerely  rejoice  in  the  cessation  of  war  and  the  return 
of  peace  throughout  our   whole   country;    and   we  trust   that  the 
momentous  lessons  of  the  past  four  years  will  inspire  among  all 
our  fellow-citizens  greater  reverence  for  constitutional  obligations, 
and  those  friendly  and  fraternal  relations  between  the  people  of  all 
the  states,  which  are  the  most  solid  guarantee  for  the  perpetuity  of 
the  union. 

2.  That  the  democracy  of  California  will  in  the  future,  as  in  the 
past,  give  a  cordial  support  to  the  national  administration  in  the  dis- 
charge of  all  its  constitutional  functions,  and  most  especially  in 
times  of  great  national  peril ;  that  in  the  face  of  the  manifold  diffi- 
culties and  embarrassments  resulting  from  the  late  war,  the  demo- 
cratic party  will  not  withhold  its  support  from  the  policy  of  the 
administration  so  far  as  the  same  tends  to  secure  the  rights  and 
liberties  of  the  states  and  of  their  citizens. 

3.  That  upon  every  ground  of  justice  and  policy  to  the  white 
people  of  the  country,  as  well  as  of  humanity  to  the  negroes  them- 
selves, the  democratic  party  is  inflexibly  opposed  to  negro  suffrage, 
and  its  inevitable  consequence  :  the  political  and  social  equality  of 
the  negro  in  every  form,  and  especially  to  the  unnatural  and  revo- 
lutionary scheme  for  thrusting  universal  suffrage,  by  action  of  con- 
gress, upon  the  negroes  of  the  southern  states. 

4.  That  the  welfare  of  California  demands,  imperatively,  that  her 
mining  interests  should  be  developed  and  fostered ;  and  her  people 
are  in  the  same  degree  opposed  to  any  system  for  the  sale  or  taxa- 
tion of  her  mines. 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  225- 

5.  That  the  whole  history  of  California  is  a  triumphant  vindica- 
tion of  her  state  policy  of  a  gold  and  silver  circulating  medium ;  and 
that  any  change  in  this  respect  would  be  disastrous  in  the  extreme ; 
that  unwritten  contracts  for  work,  labor,  and  services  should  by  law,, 
in  all  cases,  be  enforced  in  gold  and  silver  coin. 

6.  That  the  Monroe  doctrine  is  an  essential  part  of  the  policy  of 
the  democratic  party,  and  of  the  American  people. 

7.  That  when  the  civil  authority  is  in  full  operation,  there  is 
neither  warrant  in  the  constitution_or  laws,  nor  even  a  pretext  in 
any  supposed  necessity  of    state,  for   trials  by  military  courts  or 
arrests  by  military  power.     And  that  the   writ  of   habeas  corpus 
should  be  held  inviolable  under  the  provisions  of  the  constitution. 

The  resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted,  except  the  sixth,  for 
which  John  McHenry  offered  the  following  substitute  : 

That  while  we  approve  of  the  Monroe  doctrine,  we  do  not  think 
that  its  enforcement  either  requires  the  United  States  of  North 
America  to  give  aid  or  assistance  to,  or  to  enter  into  any  treaty,  or 
alliance,  offensive  or  defensive,  or  any  compact  or  engagement,  by 
which  they  shall  be  pledged  to  Mexico  or  any  of  the  Spanish  Ameri- 
can states,  to  maintain  by  force  the  principle  that  no  part  of  the 
American  continent  is  henceforward  subject  to  colonization  by  any 
European  power,  nor  does  it  bind  them  in  any  way,  or  to  any  extent, 
to  resist  interference  from  abroad  with  the  domestic  concerns  of  the 
aforesaid  governments,  or  to  adopt  any  measure  which  shall  commit 
the  present  or  future  neutral  rights  or  duties  of  these  United  States, 
as  regards  any  other  foreign  state  or  nation  whatsoever.  This  doc- 
trine being  the  enunciation  of  a  right,  to-wit :  that  each  state  on 
this  continent  which  has  achieved  its  independence  is  entitled  to 
guard  by  its  own  means  its  own  territory  from  future  colonization, 
made  with  a  view  to  establish  a  European  form  of  government ;  and 
that  the  declaration  of  this  doctrine  was  drawn  from  our  govern- 
ment in  1823,  in  consequence  of  the  promulgation  of  certain  despotic 
principles  by  the  allied  powers,  and  which  were  immediately  fol- 
lowed by  certain  military  movements  on  the  continent  of  Europe, 
among  which  principles  were :  "That  the  allied  powers  have  an 
undoubted  right  to  take  hostile  attitude  in  regard  to  those  states  in 
which  the  overthrow  of  the  government  may  operate  as  an  example;" 
"That  useful  and  necessary  changes  in  legislation  and  in  the  adminis- 
tration of  states  ought  only  to  emanate  from  the  free  will  and 
intelligent  and  well  weighed  conviction  of  those  whom  God  has  ren- 

15 


226       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

dered  responsible  for  power;"  "that  all  popular  or  constitutional 
rights  are  held  not  otherwise  than  as  grants  from  the  crown  ;"  "that 
there  is  henceforth  but  one  policy  in  Christendom,  which  should  be 
adopted  both  by  people  and  kings,  to  protect  religion  and  to  secure 
the  prevalence  of  those  principles  on  which  human  society  rests." 
The  announcement  of  these  principles,  together  with  a  then  rumored 
combination  of  those  European  continental  sovereigns  against  the 
newly  established  free  states  of  South  America,  vindicated  the 
wisdom  of  our  government  in  adopting  the  policy  it  then  pursued, 
and  justified  it  in  announcing  in  that  crisis,  the  Monroe  doctrine. 

After  a  spirited  discussion,  the  substitute  was  defeated,  and  the 
original  resolution  adopted. 

For  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  Henry  H.  Hartley,  Royal  T. 
Sprague,  William  T.  Wallace,  and  E.  Steele  were  placed  in  nomina- 
tion. Wallace  withdrew,  and  Hartley  was  nominated  on  the  first 
ballot,  by  a  vote  of  140,  to  58  for  Sprague,  and  6  for  Steele. 

A  state  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  P.  A.  Forrester, 
E.  H.  Yandecar,  W.  H.  Glascock,  T.  W.  Freelon,  James  W.  Mande- 
ville,  J.  S.  Curtis,  George  Pearce,  John  Daggett,  John  Berry,  A. 
Montgomery,  D.  W.  Gelwicks,  T.  N.  Cazneau,  J.  H.  Lawrence, 
Thomas  Findley,  J.  D.  Hambleton,  J  W.  Coffroth,  J.  0.  Goods,  W. 
Shattuck,  W.  T.  Coleman,  J.  P.  Hoge,  E.  Casserly,  and  others. 

The  judicial  election  was  held  on  October  18th,  and  Sanderson 
was  elected  by  a  vote  of  34,277,  to  27,829  for  Hartley. 

On  December  6th,  George  Pearce  (democrat)  introduced  the  fol- 
lowing in  the  senate,  and  by  a  vote  of  26  to  6,  it  was  referred  to 
the  committee  on  federal  relations : 

WHEREAS,  in  the  years  1860  and  1861,  several  of  the  states  of  the 
union  passed  acts  through  their  legislatures  professedly  for  the  pur- 
pose of  dissolving  their  relations  to  and  connection  with  the  federal 
government,  which  acts  were  and  are  wholly  null  and  void,  the 
people  of  which  several  states,  however,  took  up  arms  in  defense  of 
their  supposed  right  to  so  sever  their  relations,  and  after  a  sanguin- 
ary war,  failed  to  maintain  their  avowed  right  so  to  sever  their  rela- 
tions ;  and  whereas,  in  the  bloody  conflict  through  which  they  have 
just  passed  the  local  governments  of  the  so-called  seceded  states 
were  and  now  are  suspended,  which  local  state  governments  it  is 
proper  should  now  be  restored,  as  well  as  their  former  relations  to 
the  federal  government ;  and  whereas,  President  Johnson,  since  his 


POST  BELLUM  RESOLUTIONS.  227 

inauguration  has,  by  proclamation,  in  conferences  and  by  message, 
declared  that  the  governments  of  the  so-called  seceded  states  and 
their  relations  to  the  federal  government  should  be  restored  by  the 
friends  and  citizens  of  such  states,  and  that  the  same  should  be 
effected  by  the  friends  and  citizens  aforesaid  under  the  constitutions 
and  local  laws  of  each  of  such  states  in  force  at  the  date  of  the 
passage  of  the  so-called  secession  acts  or  ordinances ;  arid  whereas, 
after  the  danger  of  dissolution  has  passed,  we  find  a  factious  politi- 
cal element  striving  to  thwart  and  defeat  the  humane  efforts  of  the 
president  to  restore  their  relations  to  the  union,  and  local  state 
governments  upon  the  principle  so  declared ;  therefore,  resolved, 

That  we  heartily  approve  the  efforts  of  President  Johnson  to 
restore  the  social  relations  and  governments,  and  upon  the  principle 
aforesaid,  and  hereby  pledge  him  our  undivided  support  in  his  said 
efforts  upon  the  principles  and  plan  so  declared  and  promulgated  by 
him,  to  the  end  that  the  said  relations  and  local  state  governments 
may  speedily  be  restored. 

On  December  8th,  William  Holden  (democrat)  introduced  in  the 
assembly  the  following  resolutions,  which  were  laid  on  the  table  by 
a  vote  of  50  to  16,  but  on  the  12th,  they  were  taken  up  by  a  vote 
of  41  to  38,  and  referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  relations,  but 
were  never  reported : 

1.  That  our  senators  in  congress  are  instructed  and  our  representa- 
tives requested  to  vote  against  and  oppose  any  and  all   measure  or 
measures  having  for  its  or  their  object  the  conferring  upon  the  negro 
the  right  of  suffrage  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  any  other  terri- 
tory belonging  to  the  United  States,  over  which  congress  has  the 
exclusive  power  of  legislation. 

2.  To  vote  against  and  oppose  any  measure  in  congress  fixing  or 
attempting  to  fix  the  qualifications  of  voters  in  any  of  the  states  or 
territories  of  the  United  States. 

3.  To  vote  against  and  oppose  any  and  all  measures  the  object  of 
which  may  be  to  dispose  of  the  mineral  lands  of  California. 

4.  To  vote  for  and  sustain  all  measures  of  this  administration 
which  will  tend  to  a  complete  and  full  restoration  of  the  union,  the 
constitutional  authority  of  the  federal  government,  the   constitu- 
tional rights  of  the  individual  states,  and  that  fraternal  feeling  that 
existed  between  the  citizens  thereof  prior  to  the  revolution. 

5.  To  vote  for  the  admission  to  seats  in  congress  of  all  senators 
and  representatives  who  have  been  elected  by  conventions  or  legisla- 


228       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

tares,  or  by  the  people  of  states  heretofore  in  rebellion,  in  pursuance 
of  the  proclamation  of  the  president  of  the  United  States,  provided 
they  can  take  the  oath  of  office  required  by  the  laws  of  the  United 
States. 

On  December  9th,  William  J.  Shaw  (democrat)  introduced  the 
following  in  the  senate,  and  they  were  referred  to  the  committee  on 
federal  relations  : 

Inasmuch  as  the  rebellion,  and  the  peace  which  has  ensued,  pre- 
sent new  issues  and  new  measures  for  public  consideration ;  and 
inasmuch  as  legislation  may  be  assisted  and  expedited  by  a  prompt 
discussion  and  decision  respecting  some  of  them  ;  therefore,  resolved, 
as  the  sense  of  the  senate  : 

1.  That  we  approve  of  "the  reconstruction  policy"  of  the  president 
of  the  United  States,  Andrew  Johnson. 

2.  That  states  admitted  into  the  union  become  parts  of  it,  and 
cannot  commit  treason  against  it ;  that  states  cannot  be   taken  out 
of  the  union  by  separate  acts  of  their  own,  nor  by  lawless  acts  of 
individuals  acquiring  temporary  control.     Secondly,  that  the  states 
recently  in  rebellion  are  co-equal  states  of  the  union,  as  completely 
as  though  the  late  lawless  control  over  them  had  not  been  acquired. 

3.  That  the  regulation  of  the  elective  franchise  in  the  states  apper- 
tains to  the  states  severally  and  exclusively,  and  the  same  should 
not  be  extended,  changed,  nor  interfered  with  by  any  act  of  the  con- 
gress of  the  United  States,  or  by  either  house  thereof. 

4.  That  every  attempt  to  revive  issues  calculated  to  excite  sec- 
tional hatred  and  maintain  "parties  by  geographical  discriminations" 
should  be  reprobated,  because  it  tends   unavoidably  to  embitter  one 
section  of  the  republic  against  another,  to  render  a  universal  love  of 
the  union  impossible,  and  thereby  to  impair  its  usefulness,  lessen  its 
strength  and  imperil  its  continuance;  and  that  misfortunes  such  as 
these,  and  such  as  we  have  recently  encountered  from   the   same 
cause,  are  more  serious  to  our  country  and  to  mankind  than  would 
be  an  utter  neglect  of  all  states  and  statesmen  to  interfere  with  the 
laws,   customs,   or  people   of   the   states    not   their   own,    however 
superior  in  virtue,  humanity,  and   intelligence   the   intermeddlers 
might  really  be ;  consequently,  that  we  will  do  no  act  to  encourage 
any  party  which  may  seek  to  maintain  itself  through  sectional  issues 
and  sectional  prejudices. 

5.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  reducing  the  rate  of  interest  of  the  war 
debt,  and  of  taxing  the  holders  thereof  on  the  income  therefrom  as 


POST  BELLUM  RESOLUTIONS.  229 

soon  as  the  same  can  be  constitutionally  accomplished,  without  any 
violation  of  the  national  faith,  credit,  or  honor. 

6.  That  we  are  opposed   to  an  irredeemable   currency  and  the 
introduction  of  national   banks  into  this  state,  unless  provision  be 
first  made  to  insure  the  prompt  redemption  of  their  bills  in  gold  and 
.silver. 

7.  That  we  are  opposed  to  the  sale  by  government  of  the  mines  or 
mineral  lands  of  this  state,  and  in  favor  of  an  act  of  congress  secur- 
ing all  mines  to  the  discoverers  and  occupants. 

On  the  same  day,  J.  D.  Goodwin  (democrat)  offered  the  following 
in  the  assembly,  and  they  had  the  same  reference  : 

WHEREAS,  The  military  power  of  the  states  lately  in  rebellion 
against  the  constitutional  authorities  of  the  United  States  has  been 
completely  destroyed,  and  peace  restored  to  the  country;  and  where- 
as, it  is  indispensible  to  the  future  happiness,  prosperity,  and  union 
of  the  American  people  that  all  the  parties  in  the  late  terrible  con- 
flict shall  work  together  in  harmony,  and  that  the  said  states  shall 
assume  without  delay  the  exercise  of  all  their  functions  as  sovereign 
states  in  the  union ;  and  whereas,  the  president  of  the  United 
States  has  adopted,  and  is  now  urging  upon  the  attention  of  the 
whole  people,  a  wise  and  conciliatory  policy  to  that  end ;  therefore, 
resolved, 

That  we  heartily  endorse  the  efforts  of  President  Johnson  to  con- 
ciliate the  southern  people,  and  to  restore  their  status  to  the  union 
and  the  constitution. 

On  the  12th,  S.  L.  Lupton  (democrat)  introduced  the  following  in 
the  assembly,  and  it  was  sent  to  the  same  committee  : 

That  we  heartly  endorse  the  pardoning  power  conferred  upon  the 
chief  executive  of  the  United  States  as  exercised  by  President 
Andrew  Johnson  toward  the  erring  people  of  the  southern  states. 

In  the  assembly,  on  the  14th,  A.  B.  Hunt  (union)  offered  the 
following,  which  were  referred  to  the  same  committee  : 

WHEREAS,  An  armed  and  unauthorized  resistance  has  been  made 
to  the  national  authority  in  certain  states  of  this  union,  and  a  bloody 
civil  war  unequaled  in  the  annals  of  the  world  for  atrocity  and 
cruelty  has  for  the  last  four  years  been  waged  against  the  govern- 
ment of  United  States ;  and  whereas,  said  war  was  instigated  and 


230      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

carried  on  by  men  who  were  educated  at  the  expense  of  the  general 
government,  and  who  have  all  their  lives  been  the  recipients  of  its 
favors  and  emoluments,  and  when  by  the  constitutionally  expressed 
will  of  the  people  the  control  of  the  government  passed  from  their 
hands,  resolved  upon  its  overthrow  and  destruction,  waged  a  bloody 
and  unrelenting  war  to  that  purpose,  filling  the  land  with  mourning 
and  desolation,  and  as  a  fitting  climax  to  so  brutal  and  blood-thirsty 
a  rebellion  it  culminated  in  the  assassination  of  that  great  and  good 
man,  Abraham  Lincoln,  president  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
attempted  assassination  of  that  eminent  American  statesman,  Will- 
iam H.  Seward ;  and  whereas,  said  rebellion  has  been  met,  corn- 
batted,  and  overthrown  by  the  navy  and  armies  of  the  United  States, 
and  the  insurgent  forces  captured  or  dispersed,  and  their  leaders  are 
now  within  the  control  of  the  government,  and  peace  and  fraternal 
relations  are  being  established  within  insurgent  states ;  therefore, 
resolved, 

1.  That  our  hearty  and  sincere  thanks  are  due,  and  are  hereby 
extended  to  the  president  of  the  United  States  and  his  cabinet  for 
the  wisdom,  devotion,  and  patriotism  they  have  displayed  in  con- 
ducting  the   republic   through    difficulties    such    as    never    before 
environed  a  government,  and  that  we  still  have  full  faith  and  con- 
fidence in  the  wisdom,  integrity,  and  patriotism  of  the  administra- 
tion. 

2.  That  our  everlasting  gratitude  and  thanks  are  hereby  given  to 
the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  armies  and  navy  of  the  United  States 
for  their   matchless   courage,  their   unflinching   devotion   and  the 
more  than  Spartan  valor  displayed  by  them,  both  in  the  storra  of 
battle  and  the  long  continued  sieges. 

3.  That  we  heartily  concur  and  hereby  approve  of  the  declaration 
of  his  excellency,  Andrew  Johnson,  president  of  the  United  States, 
that  "treason  must  and  shall  be  made  odious." 

4.  That  it  is  due  to  the  martyred  dead,  to  public  justice  and  the 
majesty  of  law,  and  it  is  our  most  earnest  desire  that  the  leading 
conspirators,  as  soon  as  may  be  convenient,  be  brought  to  trial  and 
convicted  of  the  crime  of  treason — the  highest  crime  known  to  our 
laws — and  that  they  be  made  to  suffer  the  penalty  of  their  crimes. 


POST  BELL UM  RESOL  UTIONS.  231 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 

1866.     Union  Resolutions — Policy  of  President  Johnson. 

On  January  5th,  1866,  John  S.  Hager  (democrat)  offered  the  fol- 
lowing in  the  senate,  and  they  were  referred  to  the  committee  on 
federal  relations  : 

1.  That  the  sentiments  of  President  Johnson  in  regard  to  main- 
taining the  traditional  policy  of  the  nation  by  adhering  to  what  is 
commonly  known  as  the  Monroe  ddctrine,  so  promptly  disclosed  in 
his  first  annual  message,  are  eminently  patriotic,  and  meet  with  the 
cordial  approval  of  the  people  of  California. 

2.  That  we  endorse  and  concur  in  the  views  entertained  by  the 
president,  enunciated  in  his  late  annual  message — that  under  the 
federal  constitution  all  questions  relating  to  an  extension  of  the 
elective  franchise  to  the  freedmen  of  the  south  should  be  referred 
to  the  several   states  and  determined  and  regulated  exclusively  by 
them — as  just  in  principle,  sound  in  policy,  and  best  calculated  to 
promote  the  future  harmony  and  prosperity  of  the  country. 

On  the  same  day,  James  Johnson  (democrat)  offered  this  resolu- 
tion in  the  senate: 

That  the  so-called  confederate  states  are  not  out  of  the  union. 

Joseph  Kutz  moved  to  amend  by  adding,  "but  are  emphatically 
out  in  the  cold." 

Horace  Hawes  offered  the  following  substitute : 

That  the  pretended  right  of  secession  on  the  part  of  any  state,  or 
the  people  thereof,  is  repugnant  to  the  federal  constitution,  and  sub- 
versive of  the  peace,  order,  and  liberties  of  the  country,  and  we 
rejoice  that  reason  and  the  force  of  arms  have  forever  overthrown 
the  doctrine  oj:  the  said  pretended  right  of  secession,  and  re-estab- 
lished the  authority  of  the  constitution  and  government  of  the 
United  States,  in  all  their  plenitude,  over  the  whole  territories  of 
the  American  union. 

The  Hawes  substitute  was  adopted — 26  to  5.  It  went  to  the 
house,  and  on  the  9th,  Holden  (democrat)  offered  the  following  pro- 
viso : 

Provided,  however,  that  we  recognize  the  right  of  any  people,  any- 
where, being  inclined  and  having  the  power  and  the  right  to  rise  up 
and  shake  off  the  existing  government  and  form  a  new  one  that 


232       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

suits  them  better ;  that  it  is  a  valuable  and  a  sacred  right  that  any 
people  who  can,  may  revolutionize  and  make  their  own  of  so  much 
territory  as  they  inhabit. 

The  whole  matter  was  referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  rela- 
tions— 49  to  12.  On  the  31st,  the  majority  of  the  committee 
reported  that  the  Holden  amendment  was  "an  extract  from  a  speech 
on  the  Mexican  war  made  by  Lincoln  in  congress,  and  was  a  mere 
incidental  remark  intended  doubtless  to  enunciate  the  right  of  revolu- 
tion as  that  right  is  recognized  in  the  declaration  of  independence, 
which  extract  is  not  as  guarded  in  its  terms  as  it  would  have  been 
had  the  author  sought  to  enunciate  a  principle  in  the  form  of  a 
resolution,  or  had  he  supposed  that  his  language  might  afterward 
be  quoted  for  the  purpose  of  justifying  an  attempt  to  overthrow  a 
republican  government  with  the  intent  of  building  on  its  ruins 
another  government,  the  corner  stone  of  which  should  be  human 
slavery."  The  committee  reported  as  a  substitute  for  the  Holden 
amendment  that  portion  of  the  declaration  of  independence  referring 
to  the  right  of  revolution.  On  February  1st,  the  resolution  came 
up  for  discussion  in  the  house,  and  after  a  heated  debate  the  instru- 
ment reported  by  the  majority  of  the  committee  was  passed — 47  to 
7.  It  went  to  the  senate  again,  but  was  not  acted  upon. 

On  January  llth,  R.  P.  Mace  (democrat)  introduced  the  following 
in  the  assembly: 

WHEREAS,  The  states  lately  in  rebellion  against  the  lawful  authori 
ties  of  the  government  of  the  United  States  have  laid  down  their 
arms  and  have  acknowledged  as  binding  and  unchangeable  the 
authority  of  the  federal  constitution,  and  have  submitted  to  the  law- 
ful power  of  every  department  of  the  general  government ;  and 
whereas,  peace  once  more  blesses  every  portion  of  the  national  union; 
and  whereas,  reason  and  humanity  dictate  a  course  of  leniency 
rather  than  violence  toward  those  recently  in  armed  rebellion  against 
the  lawful  authority;  and  whereas,  Jefferson  Davis  was  only  the' 
visible  representative  of  the  feelings  and  sentiments  of  the  southern 
people ;  therefore,  resolved, 

That  our  congressional  representatives  be  instructed  to  use  their 
influence  to  procure  the  unconditional  pardon  of  said  Davis. 

T.  J.  Sherwood  (union)  offered  the  following  substitute  : 

WHEREAS,  Jefferson  Davis,  late  president  of  the  so-called  con- 
federate states,  is  now  and  has  been  for  some  months  past  in  the 


UNION  PAR  TY  AND  PRESIDENT  JOHNSON.         233 

custody  of  the  United  States,  on  the  charge  of  treason  against  the 
.government,  and  complicity  in  the  assassination  of  the  president ; 
resolved, 

That  in  view  of  the  enormity  of  the  crime,  and  the  demands  of 
the  loyal  people  of  this  state,  we  respectfully  request  of  the  presi- 
dent that  said  Davis,  for  his  alleged  treason,  be  speedily  brought  to 
trial  before  a  civil  or  military  tribunal,  and  if  convicted,  that  he  be 
made  to  suffer  the  punishment  prescribed  by  law. 

The  substitute  was  adopted  and  passed — 58  to  20.  It  went  to 
the  senate  on  the  13th,  when  Johnson  proposed  the  following  sub- 
stitute : 

That  in  view  of  the  fact  that  Jefferson  Davis  has  been  indicted 
for  treason  against  the  United  States  government,  we  are  content  to 
leave  the  question  of  his  trial  to  the  courts,  and  that  of  his  pardon 
to  the  president. 

On  the  31st,  the  whole  matter  was  indefinitely  postponed. 

The  policy  of  President  Johnson  for  the  reconstruction  of  the 
southern  states  was  much  at  variance  with  the  views  of  the  old  line 
members  of  the  union  party,  and  toward  the  end  of  1865,  it  received 
sharp  criticism  from  the  organs  of  that  element.  The  democrats  at 
first  mildly  approved  the  course  of  the  president,  but  with  his  veto 
of  the  freedmen's  bureau  bill,  on  February  19th,  he  became  their 
party  hero,  while  the  unionists  declared  open  war  against  him,  and 
they  prosecuted  it  vigorously  during  the  remainder  of  his  term.  The 
veto  of  the  freedmen's  bureau  bill  was  endorsed  in  California  by 
the  members  of  the  democratic  party  by  torch-light  processions,  ora- 
tions, and  the  firing  of  salutes.  The  democratic  county  committee 
of  San  Francisco  adopted  resolutions  declaring  their  trust  in  the 
virtue,  integrity,  and  intelligence  of  the  American  people,  invoking 
the  favorable  judgment  of  the  people  in  behalf  of  the  president  in 
his  battle  with  congress  (there  being  a  union  majority  in  each  branch 
which  was  at  war  with  the  president  and  his  policy),  pledging  their 
personal  influence  to  strengthen  his  arm  in  the  great  work  of  restora- 
tion, declaring  that  the  confederate  states  should  be  immediately 
admitted  into  the  union  to  all  the  rights  and  privileges  of  states  and 
upon  such  terms  of  perfect  equality,  pronouncing  in  opposition  to 
negro  suffrage  in  any  form,  and  especially  endorsing  the  president  in 
his  declaration  that  the  question  of  suffrage  is  one  peculiarly  belong- 
ing to  the  states,  and  that  for  congress  to  attempt  to  interfere  in  the 


234       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

matter  would  be  a  gross  violation  of  the  federal  compact.  The  com- 
mittee called  a  mass  meeting,  to  be  held  in  that  city,  on  February 
27th.  At  the  meeting,  resolutions  endorsing  the  policy  of  the  presi- 
dent were  adopted,  and  speeches  were  delivered  by  John  B.  Weller, 
Frank  Hereford,  and  J.  H.  Hardy. 

On  February  23d,  the  executive  committee  of  the  union  state 
committee  met  at  San  Francisco,  and  adopted  the  following  resolu- 
tions : 

1.  That  the  present  is  a  crisis  in  the  closing  of  the  war  for  the 
restoration  of  the  union  in  which  it  becomes  all  union  men  to  adhere 
firmly  to  the  principles  which  have  guided  them  through  four  years  of 
rebellion,  and  to  act  with  the  greatest   patience,  discretion,   and 
deliberation,  and  not  be  unwarily  entrapped  into  any  action  or  expres- 
sion which  shall  seem  to  commit  them  to  any  co-operation  with  that 
party   which   for   the  last  four  years  has    sympathized    with    the 
rebellion. 

2.  That  we  do  not  yet   perceive  that   there   is  an    irreparable 
breach  between  the  president  and  congress ;  and  that  until  such  a 
breach  shall  conclusively  appear  to  exist,  we  shall  continue  to  hope 
that  the  fruits  of  the  triumphs  of  the  union  armies  are  not  to  be 
lost ;  and  that  it  is  the  duty  of  all  union  men  to  avoid  any  entangle- 
ment with  the  Vallandighams,  the  Seymours,  and  the  copperhead  con- 
federate sympathizers  in   California,  by  assisting  at   their  public 
meetings  or  otherwise. 

3.  That  when  such  men  as  Vallandigham  and  Seymour  at  the  east, 
the  notorious  copperhead  sympathizers  of  San  Francisco,  and  those 
recreant  Calif ornians  who  have  always  denounced  the  suppression  of 
the  rebellion,  openly  avowed  themselves  traitors,   sent   their  sons 
into  the  rebel  army,  and  always  rejoiced  over  the  reverses  of  the 
union  arms,  unite  together  in  a  public  endorsement  of  the  policy  of 
a  president  whom  they  have  hitherto  bitterly  opposed,  it  is  apparent 
that  they  do  not  fully  understand  that  policy,  or  that  they  are 
endeavoring  to  seduce  the  president  from  his  allegiance  to  the  con- 
stitution. 

4.  That  the  abolition  of  slavery  in  the  United  States  is  one  of  the 
results  of  the  late  rebellion,  and  that  it  would  be  a  most  wicked, 
senseless,  and  dastardly  act  if  the  free  and  loyal   people  of  the 
United  States  should  now  withdraw  their  protection  from  the  four 
millions  of  freedmen  and  permit  them  to  be  reduced   again  into 
slavery  under  state  laws  enacted  by  men  whose  hands  are  red  with 
the  blood  of  patriots. 


RESOLUTIONS  ON  RECONSTRUCTION.  235 

5.  That  we  believe  that  President  Johnson  will  remain  true  to 
the  constitution  and  to  his  pledges,  and  that  he  will  not  suffer  him- 
self to  be  betrayed  by  the  attempted  seductions  of  men  who  were 
lately  in  arms  against  the  union,  or  by  those  who  in  act  and  declared 
sentiment  sympathize  with  rebellion. 

In  the  assembly,  on  February  23d,  Thomas  Eager  offered  the 
following  : 

That  we  approve  of  the   action  of  the  majority  of  the   United 
States  senate  in  refusing  to  sustain  the  veto  of  the  president  of  the 
.    freedmen's  bureau  bill. 

That  the  Hon.  John  Conness,  in  acting  with  the  majority  of  the 
United  States  senate  on  that  question,  represented  the  opinions  and 
wishes  of  the  people  of  California. 

A  motion  to  lay  the  resolutions  on  the  table  was  defeated — 28  to 
40,  and  they  went  to  the  committee  on  federal  relations.  The  next 
day  the  majority  of  the  committee  reported  the  following  substitute: 

That  we  heartily  endorse  the  course  of  those  of  our  delegation  in  con- 
gress who  voted  for  the  passage  of  the  bill  known  as  the  "freedmen's 
bureau  bill ;"  and  that  we  endorse  the  course  of  the  Hon.  John  Con- 
ness  in  voting  against  sustaining  the  president's  veto  of  the  same. 

The  minority  of  the  committee  recommended  that  .the  original 
resolutions  be  indefinitely  postponed,  and  that  the  following  sub- 
stitute be  adopted  : 

That  we  do  most  heartily  endorse  President  Johnson's  recent  veto 
of  the  freedmen's  bureau  bill,  and  his  expressed  views  in  relation  to 
his  restoration  policy. 

On  the  28th,  the  majority  substitute  was  passed — 47  to  26.  It 
was  adopted  by  the  senate,  on  March  2d — 21  to  8. 

On  February  27th,  John  P.  Jones  (union)  introduced  in  the 
senate  a  lengthy  series  of  resolutions  endorsing  the  position  taken  by 
congress  on  the  question  of  reconstruction.  W.  J.  Shaw  offered  a 
substitute  endorsing  the  administration  of  President  Johnson,  and 
the  matter  came  up  for  discussion  and  action  on  March  21st. 
Jones  then  offered  an  amended  series  of  resolutions,  which  were 
finally  passed — 21  to  13,  and  they  were  adopted  by  the  house,  on  the 
30th— 39  to  16. 

The  resolutions  as  finally  adopted  declared  : 

That  in  view  of  the   present  extraordinary  condition  of  national 


236       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

affairs,  it  is  proper  that  the  legislature  of  the  loyal  state  of  Cali- 
fornia make  the  following  declarations  : 

1.  That  although   "indemnity  for  the  past"  has   not   been,   and 
•could  not  in  the  nature  of  things,  be  obtained  by  the  recent  triumph 
of  our  national  arms  in  the   great  civil  war,  the  late  so-called  con- 
federate  states  ought  not  to   be  represented  in  congress,  nor  per- 
mitted the  full  exercise  of  civil  power  within  their  own  limits,  or  to 
resume   their   positions  as   states  of  the   union   in    full    fellowship 
therein,  until  adequate  guarantees  of  "security  for  the  future"  and 
of  the  maintenance  of  the  nation's  faith  are  incorporated  in  the 
United  States  constitution,   and  frankly,  fully,  and   in  good   faith 
endorsed   or  adopted   by   the   people   of  said   so-called   confederate 
states,  and  so  made  practically  irreversible. 

2.  That  the  alarming  pretense  recently  set  up  to  the  contrary  of 
this  by  those  in  sympathy  with  the  unsubdued  spirit  of  the  rebel- 
lion is  incompatible  with  the  course  pursued  by  the  president,  and 
approved   by  the  secretary  of  state,  in   instituting  provisional   or 
military  governments  in   the   rebel  states   (after  the  cessation  of 
hostilities,  and  the  surrender  of  the  rebel  armies),  and  in  refusing  to 
withdraw  such  temporary  military  governments  until  the  ratifica- 
tion of  the  constitutional  amendment  abolishing  slavery. 

3.  That  while  we  agree  with  the  position  then  taken  by  the  presi- 
dent, that  those  states  had  no  right  to  resume  domestic  civil  power, 
or  to  send  representatives  to  congress  until  they  should  fulfill   cer- 
tain conditions  precedent,  in  determining  the  terms  of  which  they 
should  have  no  voice,  we  deny  the  right  of  the  executive  branch  of 
the  government  to  determine  .the  nature  or  extent  of  such  condi- 
tions. 

4.  That  all  questions   pertaining  to  the  status  of  the  late  rebel 
states,  their  just  relations  to  the  national  union,  and  the  time  and 
method  of  their  restoration  thereto,  belong  to  the  legislative  and  not 
to  the  executive  department  of  the  federal  government;  therefore, 
the  measure  of  the  guarantees  which  may  be  necessary  for  the  future 
peace  and  security  of  the  nation  can  be  authoritatively  determined 
-only  by  the  congress,  and  that  any  attempt  by  the  national  execu- 
tive to   control  the  questions,  would  be  an  invasion  of  the  rightful 
authority  of  the  people,  and  dangerous  to  republican  liberty. 

5.  That  because  the  second  clause   of  the  latest   constitutional 
amendment,  which  empowers  congress  to  carry  into  effect  by  federal 
•enactment  the  first  clause,  abolishing  slavery,  would  obviously  be  a 
dead  letter  with  a  congress  composed  of  the  enemies  of  liberty,  and 


RESOLUTIONS  ON  RECONSTRUCTION.  237 

because  the  present  constitutional  basis  of  representation  is,  under 
the  new  order  of  things,  manifestly  partial  and  unequal,  we  approve 
the  spirit  of  the  proposed  constitutional  amendment  which  has 
already  received  a  two-thirds  vote  in  the  house  of  representatives, 
and  which  is  now  pending  in  the  senate;  and  our  senators  are 
hereby  requested  to  yield  the  same  their  full  support,  to  the  end  that 
the  late  so-called  confederate  states  may,  when  admitted,  be  reduced 
to  an  equality,  as  to  representation,  with  the  loyal  states. 

6.  That  the  adoption  of  this  and  such  other  amendments  to  the 
constitution  as  congress  may  propose  and   the  loyal  states  ratify, 

•  ought  to  be  held  as  conditions  precedent  to  the  restoration  of  civil 
power  in  the  late  so-called  confederate  states,  and  the  admission  of 
their  senators  and  representatives  to  seats  in  congress. 

7.  That  we  have  full   confidence  in   the   wisdom,  integrity,  and 
moderation  of  the  present  congress ;  that  the  freedmen's  bureau  bill 

'  which  recently  passed  that  body  appears  to  have  been  a  well  con- 
sidered and  constitutional  measure,  having  only  in  view  the  main- 
tenance of  the  pledged  faith  of  the  nation,  and  that  the  refusal  of 
the  president  to  give  his  assent,  taken  together  with  his  implied 
purpose  to  veto  all  measures  affecting  the  late  rebel  states  unless 
their  representatives  are  first  admitted  to  vote  for  or  against  such 
measures,  are  totally  indefensible,  and  an  assumption  of  dictatorial 
power  justly  calculated  to  awaken  the  gravest  apprehensions  in  the 
minds  of  a  people  jealous  of  their  liberties. 

8.  That  all  fears  for  the  future  of  the  republic  are  silenced  by  an 
abiding  faith  in  the  patriotism,  power,  and  purpose,  the  constancy, 
conscience,   and  courage  of  the  loyal   people,   who  have  thus  far 
proven  equal  to  every  emergency,  and  will  continue  so  to  the  end. 

On  February  24th,  a  large  union  mass  meeting  was  held  at  Sacra- 
mento, and  it  was  addressed  by  Senator-elect  Cole,  who  vindicated 
the  action  of  the  majority  of  congress  on  the  subject  of  reconstruc- 
tion. A  lengthly  set  of  resolutions  was  adopted  which  opposed  the 
policy  of  the  president.  On  March  2d,  another  meeting  was  held  at 
the  pavilion,  at  Sacramento,  over  which  Governor  Low  presided,  and 
similar  resolutions  were  passed. 

President  Johnson  vetoed  the  civil  rights  bill  on  March  27th,  and 
the  message  met  with  the  approval  of  the  democratic  party,  but  was 
severely  condemned  by  the  extreme  unionists.  The  union  con- 
gressional majority  was  now  in  open  war  with  the  president,  and 
the  conflict  was  carried  on  with  much  bitterness  by  both  sides.  On 


238       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

June  25th,  a  call  was  issued  by  the  executive  committee  of  the 
national  union  club  for  a  national  union  convention  to  be  held,  at 
Philadelphia,  on  August  14th,  and  to  be  composed  of  delegates 
chosen  by  citizens  who  endorsed  and  sustained  the  president's 
administration,  and  who  were  in  favor  of  maintaining  unbroken  the 
union  of  the  states  under  the  constitution.  On  July  28th,  a  meet- 
ing of  the  Johnson  administration  club  of  Santa  Clara  county  was 
held  at  San  Jose,  and  a  resolution  was  passed  calling  a  state  conven- 
tion, to  meet  at  San  Francisco,  on  August  3d,  of  the  friends  of  the 
administration,  for  the  purpose  of  selecting  delegates  to  represent 
California,  in  the  Philadelphia  convention.  At  the  appointed  time 
and  place,  the  convention  met.  F.  B.  Murdock  was  chosen  presi- 
dent ;  and  A.  J.  Gunnison,  J.  Center,  O.  P.  Sutton,  W.  H.  Culver, 
C.  P.  Hester,  B.  P.  Kooser,  and  G.  W.  Hagar,  vice-presidents. 
The  following  resolutions  were  passed  : 

1.  That  we  recognize  in  Andrew  Johnson,  president  of  the  United 
States,  and  his  cabinet — at  the  head  of  which  is  William  H.  Seward, 
long  tried   and   true — sterling   patriots  and   wise  and  comprehen- 
sive statesmen,  who  have  devoted  their  best  energies  to  the  welfare 
of  the  nation ;  and  that  we  hereby  approve  of  their  plan  for  the 
speedy  restoration  of  the  states  to  their  normal  position  in  the  na- 
tional union. 

2.  That  the  rebellion  has  been  crushed,  that  slavery  has  been 
destroyed,  and  that  the  rebels  having  laid  down  their  arms  and  re- 
turned to  their  allegiance  to  the  United  States  government  and 
obedience  to  its  laws ;  nothing  now  remains  for  the  political  power 
but  to  restore  the  states  to  their  proper  position. 

3.  That  all  the  original  states  of  the  union  are  entitled  to  be  rep- 
resented in  congress,  providing  that  they  select  as  representatives 
loyal  men  who  are  qualified  by  existing  laws  of  the  United  States 
to  serve  as  such. 

4.  That  a  spirit  of  wise  and  judicious  forbearance,  moderation 
and  charity,  should  control  the  political  action  of  the  country,  in 
order  that  the  people  of  all  sections  may  become  thoroughly  reunited 
in  the  bonds  of  national  sentiment,  common  interest  and  industrial 
pursuits ;  that  so  long  as  one  section  of  the  country  is  unnecessarily 
kept  out  of  its  proper  position  in  the  union,  its  material  interests 
cannot  nourish;  it  cannot  contribute  its  just  quota  to  the  general 
revenue,  and  thus  onerous  taxes  must  be  levied  upon  other  sections. 

5.  That  we  cordially  endorse  the  spirit  and  principles  embodied  in 


NATIONAL  CONVENTION  DELEGATES.  239 

the  call  for  a  national  convention  to  assemble  in  Philadelphia,  August 
14,  1866,  and  that  we  sincerely  hope  and  trust  that  that  convention 
will  be  guided  by  wise  and  patriotic  counsels,  so  that  all  true  patri- 
ots may  endorse  its  action. 

6.  That  the  action  of  congress,  in  refusing  to  restore  all  the  states 
of  the  union  to  their  proper  position  in  the  union,  is  violative  of 
the  principles  of  the  union  party,  and  of  the  pledges  made  to  the 
country  by  that  party,  which  congress  was  in  duty  bound  to  fulfill. 

7.  That  we  do  hereby  call  upon  all  citizens  who  have  hitherto  op- 
posed the  ruinous  doctrine  of  the  political  right  of  secession,  and 
who  are  still  opposed  to  recognizing  its  principles  in  any  shape,  to 
rally,  in  connection  with  the  national  union  party  of  this  state,  in 
support  of  the  principles  above  set  forth. 

The  following  were  elected  delegates  to  the  Philadelphia  conven- 
tion :    First   district — Cornelius  Cole  (who  afterward   published  a  j 
letter  repudiating  the  action  of  the  convention)  and  Montgomery ' 
Blair.     Second  district— J.  H.   Riley  and  J.  W.   Wilcox.     Third 
district — J.    W.   Simonton  and  J.   P.   Leese.     At    large — Senator 
Doolittle,  Robert  J.  Walker,  General  Dix,  and  General  Slocum.     A 
state  central  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  M.  S.  Whiting, 
I.  K  Thome,  W.  H.  Culver,  Charles  Maclay,  J.  Center,  and  Edw. 
Stanly. 

On  August  7th  the  democratic  state  central  committee  met  at 
San  Francisco,  passed  resolutions  that  the  democracy  of  California 
should  be  represented  in  the  democratic  convention,  and  elected  as 
delegates  Jackson  Temple,  William  T.  Coleman,  Jas.  A.  McDougall, 
and  W.  W.  Cope,  at  large ;  Joseph  P.  Hoge  and  Samuel  Purdy 
from  the  first  district ;  John  Bigler  and  Samuel  Martin  from  the 
second  district ;  and  P.  B.  Reading  and  Thomas  H.  Hanson  from 
the  third  district. 

The  Johnson  union  state  committee,  on  September  26th,  issued  a 
lengthy  address  to  the  voters  of  California,  urging  the  formation  of 
clubs,  and  the  appointment  of  county  committees,  in  order  that  a 
vigorous  support  might  be  given  to  the  policy  of  the  president,  but 
the  movement  never  attained  the  dignity  of  a  political  party. 

On  August  1st,  the  union  state  central  committee  met  at  San 
Francisco,  and  adopted  a  resolution  endorsing  and  approving  the 
amendment  to  article  fourteen  of  the  federal  constitution.  The  fol- 
lowing resolutions  were  also  adopted  : 

1.  That  until  such  amendment  is  adopted,  those  states  lately  in 


240      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

rebellion  should  not  be  admitted  to  representation  in  congress  ;  that 
by  all  laws  the  victor  should  not  place  political  power  in  the  hands 
of  the  vanquished  until  full  and  ample  guarantees  for  future  peace 
are  given  and  accepted ;  that  a  people  who  have  waged  for  four 
years  an  unjust  war  against  the  government  cannot  complain  of  in- 
justice at  being  denied  the  opportunity  to  do  in  the  halls  of  legisla- 
tion what  they  were  powerless  to  accomplish  on  the  field  of  battle. 

2.  That  the  union  party  of  California  are  opposed  to  any  legisla- 
tion or  to  any  policy  in  congress,  or  by  the  president,  which  shall 
fall  short  of  a  full  settlement  of  human  slavery,  in  fact   as  well  as 
name,  throughout  our  whole  country ;  and  that  any  reconstruction, 
reorganization,  or  rehabilitation  which  does  not  assure  to  the  whole 
people,  white  as  well  as  black,  "life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  hap- 
piness," will  be  mischievous  in  its  results,  and  a  full  admission  that 
the  republic  does  not  possess  the  genius  to  save  what  it  had  the 
valor  to  win. 

3.  That  the  work  of  reconstruction  implies  a  moral  regeneration 
of  disloyal  men  and  parties,  and  should  be  carried  on  among  de- 
feated and  disorganized  rebels  and  rebel  states  rather  than  in  the 
ranks  of  the  union  party.     That  the  Vallandighams,  the  Woods,  and 
the  Seymours,  who  are  active  in  promoting  a  convention  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  who  it  is  certain  are  to  participate  in  it,  are  not  fit 
associates  for  loyal  men,  and  are  not  to  be  trusted  in  any  degree 
with  the  destinies  of  the  republic.    That  the  party  which  has  proved 
capable  of  carrying  the  country  successfully  through  years  of  bloody 
war,  may  safely  be  trusted  to  finish,  in  time  of  peace,  the  work  yet 
remaining  to  be  done  to  insure  the  permanence  of  pure  republican 
institutions  in  America. 

4.  That  we  approve  the  action  of  congress,  and  of  our  union  del- 
egation in  congress,  on  the  question  of  reconstruction,  and  that  any 
course  less  "  radical "  would  not  have  met  the  approval  of  the  people 
of  California. 

The  committee  appointed  Senators  Conness  and  Cole,  Congress- 
men McRuer,  Bidwell,  and  Higby,  and  Frederick  Billings,  Richard 
Chenery,  and  Moses  Ellis  to  attend  the  southern  union  convention, 
which  was  to  meet  at  Philadelphia  on  September  3d,  and  to  assure 
the  members  of  that  body  that  they  had  the  sympathy  of  the  loyal 
men  of  California. 


THE  CHINESE  QUESTION  IN  POLITICS.  241 

CHAPTER  XIX. 

1867.  The  Chinese  Question  ;in  Politics — Union  Primaries — Union 
Convention — Bolt  in  the  Union  Party — Gorham's  Appeal  to  the 
People — Revised  Union  Ticket — Republican  Convention — Demo- 
cratic Convention. 

The  Chinese  issue  was  the  most  prominent  one  at  the  outset  of 
the  campaign  of  1867.  In  San  Francisco,  anti-Chinese  associations 
were  formed,  and  they  essayed  to  take  a  hand  in  the  politics  of  the 
state.  The  officers  of  the  anti-coolie  Association,  on  April  19,  1867, 
sent  invitations  to  George  C.  Gorham,  John  Bidwell,  Caleb  T.  Fay, 
and  Frank  M.  Pixley,  the  candidates  for  the  union  nomination  for 
governor,  requesting  their  views  on  the  Chinese  labor  question. 
Bidwell  replied  under  date  of  May  3d,  that  "it  ought  not  to  be 
necessary  for  me  to  have  to  say  that  I  am  opposed  to  slavery  in 
any  form."  Fay  expressed  himself  as  opposed  to  Chinese  immigra- 
tion and  labor,  and  Gorham  said  in  his  letter : 

If  I  understand  the  avowed  object  of  the  so-called  anti-coolie 
movement,  it  is  an  attempt  by  men  of  the  European  race  to  prevent,  by 
all  lawful  means,  the  employment,  at  the  various  industrial  callings 
in  California,  of  men  of  the  Asiatic  race.  I  am  in  favor  of  such  a 
scheme.  If,  as  some  believe,  ignorant  Asiatics  are  improperly 
induced  to  make  contracts  with  capitalists  of  their  own  race,  by  the 
terms  of  which  they  are  to  owe  service  or  labor  in  this  state  for  a 
term  of  years,  without  a  good  consideration,  I  will  aid  by  any  proper 
means  to  remedy  the  evil.  I  am  opposed  to  human  slavery,  and  to 
all  its  substitutes  and  aliases ;  coolieism,  peonage,  contract  systems 
in  which  one  side  makes  the  bargain  for  both — these  are  all  abhor- 
rent. But  because  I  am  an  anti-slavery  man,  I  am  also  an  anti-slave 
man.  Because  I  detest  the  overreaching  man  who  would  grind  the 
faces  of  the  poor,  I  do  not  also  detest  the  poor.  Because  I  am 
opposed  to  the  coolie  system,  I  am  not  the  enemy  of  its  victims.  I 
believe  in  the  Christian  religion,  and  that  rests  upon  the  universal 
fatherhood  of  God  and  the  universal  brotherhood  of  man.  The 
same  God  created  both  Europeans  and  Asiatics.  No  man  of  what- 
ever race  has  any  better  right  to  labor,  and  receive  his  hire  therefor, 
than  has  any  other  man.  To  controvert  this  is  to  contend  with  Him 
who  said  to  man:  "In  the  sweat  of  thy  face  shalt  thou  eat  bread  till 
thou  return  unto  the  ground."  As  a  question,  then,  of  right  and 
wrong,  I  am  as  emphatically  opposed  to  all  attempts  to  deny  the 
Chinese  the  right  to  labor  for  pay,  as  I  am  to  the  restoration  of 

16 


242       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

\ 

African  slavery  whereby  black  men  were  compelled  to  labor  without 
pay.  This  is  with  me  an  earnest  conviction,  the  expression  of 
which  I  have  no  desire  to  avoid. 

As  a  question  of  policy,  I  am  equally  opposed  to  your  movement. 
It  is  certain  that  the  millions  in  Asia  will,  at  no  distant  day,  learn 
to  consume  some  products  of  our  own  country.  Imagine,  if  you 
can,  a  single  article  of  American  production,  which,  if  it  should 
come  into  general  use  in  China,  would  not  give  employment  to  a 
greater  number  of  our  own  race  here  than  the  whole  immigration  of 
Chinese  can  amount  to  for  years.  As  we  treat  strangers  in  our 
land  so  will  our  countrymen  be  treated  in  the  land  whence  those 
strangers  came.  We  sought  commercial  intercourse  with  China 
and  Japan.  Now  that  we  have  succeeded  in  breaking  down  the 
Chinese  wall  let  us  not  hasten  to  erect  an  anti-Chinese  wall  at  home. 
The  question  of  cheap  labor  I  will  not  here  discuss,  but  it  seems 
certain  to  me  that  if  we  could  have  it  in  abundance,  the  state  would 
go  forward  at  such  strides  as  would  make  prosperity  general  among 
all  deserving  classes.  Principle  and  policy,  then,  both  forbid  the 
attempt  to  make  war  upon  our  Asiatic  brethren. 

In  conclusion,  let  me  suggest  that  the  Chinese  now  in  our  midst, 
and  those  who  may  come  hereafter,  must  either  work,  steal,  beg  or 
starve.  It  would  be  difficult  to  make  an  argument  to  show  that 
the  creation  of  so  large  a  number  of  street  beggars,  or  of  thieves, 
would  be  compensated  by  the  fact  that  none  but  men  of  the 
European  race  were  permitted  to  earn  a  livelihood  in  California. 
As  to  starvation,  the  mere  word  makes  us  shudder.  So,  after  all,  if 
we  would  not  have  the  Chinaman  steal,  beg,  or  starve,  he  must  be 
allowed  to  work. 

\  The  first  application  of  the  Porter  law  was  on  the  occasion  of  the 
municipal  primary  election  of  the  union  party,  in  Oakland,  in  Feb- 
ruary, and  on  March  2d,  the  second  application  was  made  at  the 
Sacramento  city  primary.  In  both  instances,  the  result  was 
regarded  as  satisfactory,  and  it  was  hoped  that  a  sufficient  remedy 
had  been  found  for  the  evils  which  had  been  attendant  on  elections 
of  this  character. 

George  C.  Gorham  early  presented  himself  from  the  ranks  of  the 
short-hair  or  Douglas  wing  of  the  union  party  as  a  candidate  for 
governor.  Senator  Conness  had  returned  from  Washington,  in 
May,  and  had  developed  into  an  earnest  supporter  of  Gorham, 
although  the  latter  had  some  months  before  professed  to  be  his  bitter 


DIVISION  OF  UNION  PARTY.  243 

enemy.  Conness  was  seeking  a  re-election  to  the  senate,  and  he 
immediately  inaugurated  an  active  campaign  in  conjunction  with  the 
adherents  of  Gorham.  It  was  not  long  when  the  long-hair  or  old-line 
element  of  the  party  assumed  the  attitude  of  antagonism  toward  the 
Conness  faction  which  had  characterized  it  in  1 865,  and  it  was  evident 
from  the  first  that  the  struggle  within  the  ranks  of  the  union  party 
would  be  carried  on  with  a  bitterness  almost  unparalleled  in.  the 
history  of  state  politics.  The  long-hair  element  was  supported  by 
the  leading  newspapers,  while  the  other  wing  comprehended  the 
most  active  and  experienced  politicians.  The  antagonism  to  Con- 
ness  was  based  by  the  long-hair  journals  upon  the  ground  that  at  the 
most  critical  period  of  the  union  party  he  had  figured  as  a  disor- 
ganizer ;  that  he  had  pursued  his  personal  schemes  regardless  of  the 
honor,  integrity,  or  continued  life  of  the  party;  and  then  he  pre- 
ferred to  put  its  enemies  in  power  rather  than  to  aid  the  election  of 
candidates  who  were  not  under  his  control. 

The  Sacramento  Union,  in  explaining  this  feeling  of  hostility,  said: 

Before  Senator  Conness  left  our  shores,  in  1865,  various  circum- 
stances had  conspired  to  render  him  the  most  unpopular  politician 
who  claimed  affiliation  with  the  union  party.  The  senator  had 
done  nothing  at  Washington  to  merit  censure.  If  he  had  been  con- 
tent with  the  discharge  of  his  legislative  duties,  no  fault  could  have 
been  found  with  him  at  that  period.  But  a  new  senator  was  to  be 
elected,  to  succeed  McDougall,  and  Conness  evinced  a  determination 
to  prevent  the  choice  of  any  other  than  a  Conness  man.  He  entered 
deeply  into  ward  and  county  politics,  superintended  operations  at 
the  primaries,  and  made  devotion  to  his  personal  fortunes  a  new  test 
of  promotion  in  the  union  party.  The  result  of  a  fierce,  distracting 
contest  was  a  tremendous  condemnation  of  the  senator's  dictatorial 
policy,  a  very  large  majority  of  the  counties  being  carried  by  his 
opponents.  What  followed  1  Did  the  senator  and  his  personal 
friends  bow  to  the  decision  of  the  majority  and  give  an  honest  or 
even  a  reluctant  support  to  the  regular  ticket  ?  This  was  the  duty 
of  the  hour.  The  war  was  at  an  end,  but  the  delicate  work  of  recon- 
struction was  yet  to  be  performed.  It  was  clear  to  men  of  average 
sense  that  if  the  union  men  of  the  country  did  not  stand  shoulder  to 
shoulder  and  control  this  business  the  treason-tainted  democratic 
party  would  return  to  power,  and  the  fruits  6f  a  blood-bought  vic- 
tory would  be  lost.  Yet  at  this  critical  period  the  record  is  that 
Senator  Conness  looked  outside A  the  union  camp  for  the  means  of 


244       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

gratifying  his  personal  spleen,  and  countenanced,  if  he  did  not 
actually  assist  in  forming,  combinations  between  his  retainers  and 
the  copperheads  in  El  Dorado,  Sacramento,  Nevada,  and  other  coun- 
ties for  the  defeat  of  the  loyal  ticket.  In  a  speech  delivered  at 
Placerville,  on  the  12th  of  July,  1865,  obviously  designed  to  pave 
the  way  for  an  unholy  alliance,  he  took  pains  to  show  that  all  im- 
portant national  issues  had  been  settled,  that  there  was  no  live 
question  to  prevent  the  people  from  acting  together,  without  regard 
to  past  differences.  "There  is  no  question  remaining  upon  which 
any  considerable  portion  of  the  people  now  differ."  Referring  to  the 
democratic  party,  he  had  the  generosity  to  say:  "Everywhere  their 
organization  is  giving  in  its  adhesion  to  the  new  order  of  things." 
And  thereupon  the  Mountain  Democrat,  the  organ  of  the  El  Dorado 
democracy,  waxed  gracious  and  flattering  toward  the  senator.  In 
Sacramento,  the  senator's  lieutenants  declared  that  the  union  party 
had  lived  long  enough,  had  fulfilled  its  mission,  and  would  now  com- 
mit suicide  by  forcing  Conness's  friends  into  the  ranks  of  the  democ- 
racy. When  the  election  day  arrived,  the  unionists  in  El  Dorado, 
Sacramento,  and  Nevada  found  themselves  confronted  by  the 
threatened  combination — Conness  men  and  copperheads  arrayed  on 
the  same  ticket.  This  is  why  the  senator,  in  1866,  went  back  to 
Washington  with  a  dark  shadow  of  repudiation  resting  upon  his 
name. 

It  was  announced  by  the  long-hair  press  that  a  huge  political  com- 
bination had  been  effected  looking  toward  the  return  of  Conness  to 
the  senate,  the  election  of  Gorham  as  governor,  and  of  others  to 
other  prominent  offices ;  that  this  combination  was  backed  by  the 
large  moneyed  corporations  in  the  state ;  and  that  money  would  be 
used  at  the  primaries  to  influence  the  selection  of  delegates  to  the 
various  conventions.  However  this  may  be,  the  Conness  wing 
endeavored  to  have  the  primaries  held  without  regard  to  the  Porter 
law,  but  the  long-hair  faction  resolutely  insisted  that  that  statute 
should  be  invoked  as  a  protection  against  fraud.  John  Bidwell  was 
the  candidate  for  governor  from  the  long-hair  wing,  and  Frank  M. 
Pixley  and  Caleb  T.  Fay  were  also  in  the  field  for  the  nomination, 
with  an  apparent  willingness  to  accept  the  honor  if  tendered  by  either 
wing.  Fay  became  a  candidate  at  the  published  solicitation  of  a 
number  of  the  prominent  business  men  of  San  Francisco,  and  he 
promptly  signified  his  willingness  to  run,  "not  feeling  at  liberty  to 
decline,  even  if  so  disposed."  The  union  state  central  committee 


DIVISION  OF  UNION  PARTY.  245 

had  recommended  in  its  call  for  the  state  convention  that  the  pri- 
mary elections  be  conducted  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
the  Porter  law.  The  union  county  committee,  at  Sacramento,  on 
May  15th,  resolved  to  call  the  primary  election  for  that  county 
under  the  Porter  law,  except  that  all  citizens,  registered  and  unreg- 
istered should  be  entitled  to  vote.  This  action  of  the  committee 
was  regarded  by  the  long-hair  element  as  the  opening  act  on  the  pro- 
gramme which  had  been  arranged  by  the  Conness  side,  and  it  was 
criticised  with  little  regard  for  delicacy  of  expression.  The  call  was 
addressed  to  "all  union  voters,"  who  would  endorse  the  test  pre- 
scribed by  the  state  committee,  and  it  was  contended  that  members 
of  the  democratic  party  could  and  would  vote  under  it.  Subse- 
quently the  reference  to  the  Porter  law  in  the  call  was  annulled, 
leaving  the  call  for  an  open  primary.  A  few  days  later,  a  caucus 
of  union  men  was  held,  and  the  old  long-hair  county  committee  were 
requested  to  call  a  "legal"  primary  and  county  convention.  This 
was  done,  and  it  resulted  in  two  union  primaries,  county  conven- 
tions, and  local  tickets.  Generally  the  division  as  to  individuals 
was  the  same  as  in  1865.  In  San  Francisco,  on  May  14th,  the 
union  county  committee  called  a  primary  election  for  June  5th,  to 
select  delegates  to  the  county  convention  to  choose  representatives 
in  the  state  and  congressional  conventions,  leaving  it  necessary  to 
hold  a  subsequent  primary  to  elect  delegates  to  the  county  conven- 
tion to  nominate  a  local  ticket.  This  primary  was  also  called  with- 
out the  pale  of  the  Porter  law,  and  immediately  petitions  were  cir- 
culated requesting  the  people's  nominating  committee  of  1864-5,  to 
again  convene  and  nominate  delegates  to  attend  the  union  county, 
state,  and  congressional  conventions.  These  petitions  were  signed 
by  about  4,000  union  voters,  and  the  committee  met  on  May  25th 
and  organized.  But  two  members  declined  to  participate  in  the 
movement,  and  out  of  forty-eight  members,  thirty -eight  were  pres- 
ent. On  May  31st,  the  county  committee  held  another  meeting, 
pursuant  to  a  request  of  five  of  its  members,  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
sidering the  test  questions,  and  a  proposition  to  keep  the  polls  open 
from  9  A.  M.  to  7  P.  M.,  instead  of  from  11  A.  M.  to  5  p.  M.,  as  had  been 
agreed  on.  Resolutions  were  read  which  had  been  adopted  by  the 
people's  committee  requesting  the  adoption  of  a  test  which  would 
prevent  any  person  from  voting  who  had  not  theretofore  acted  with 
the  union  party,  and  an  extension  of  the  hours  for  voting.  While 
discussing  the  proposition  of  amending  the  test,  F.  P.  Dann  stated 
>that  there  was  nothing  before  the  meeting  and  moved  to  adjourn  out 


246       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

of  respect  for  the  memory  of  the  chairman  (F.  M.  Pixley),  who,  he 
said,  had  recently  deceased  as  a  candidate  for  governor;  that  he  was 
not  dead  in  the  body,  but  had  suffered  a  political  death  from  "too 
much  card."  Pixley  stated  that  Dann  had  taken  advantage  of  his 
position  before  the  public  to  make  a  base,  dirty,  mean,  and  cowardly 
attack  upon  him,  and  that  he  would  not  have  dared  to  talk  in  that 
manner  had  they  met  as  men  on  a  common  plane.  Dann  declared 
that  his  remarks  were  intended  as  a  joke,  and  not  as  an  insult,  but 
Pixley  declined  to  entertain  any  apology.  The  meeting  then 
adjourned  without  taking  action  upon  the  resolutions  of  the  people's 
committee.  As  Pixley  left  the  chair,  Dann  approached  as  if  to 
explain,  when  the  former  told  him  not  to  speak,  and  said  he  would 
whip  him  as  soon  as  he  was  out  of  the  gubernatorial  canvass.  The 
other  members  of  the  committee  and  outsiders  took  sides  in  the  diffi- 
culty, and  in  a  few  seconds,  there  was  a  general  fight,  which  con- 
tinued until  the  police  interfered.  This  affair  was  seized  upon  by 
the  press  as  an  illustration  of  the  character  of  the  men  who  com- 
posed the  committee,  and  the  circumstance  proved  an  effective 
weapon  in  its  hands.  No  agreement  being  effected,  the  regular  pri- 
mary was  held,  but  the  supporters  of  the  people's  committee  gener- 
ally refrained  from  voting,  and  a  Gorham  delegation  was  selected. 
The  people's  committee  went  on  with  its  work,  and  as  a  consequence 
two  sets  of  state  and  congressional  delegates,  and  two  local  tickets 
were  selected  in  San  Francisco.  The  press  of  the  city  was  almost 
unanimous  in  the  endorsement  of  the  action  of  the  people's  com- 
mittee. In  the  other  counties,  the  primaries  were  generally  held 
under  the  Porter  law,  and  the  conventions  of  Yuba  and  Butte 
counties  exacted  a  pledge  from  their  legislative  nominees  to  support 
A.  A.  Sargent  for  the  United  States  senate. 

On  April  10th,  the  union  state  central  committee  met  at  San 
Francisco  and  issued  a  call  for  a  state  convention,  to  assemble  at 
Sacramento  on  Wednesday,  June  1 2th,  for  the  purpose  of  nominat- 
ing a  state  ticket.  The  call  was  addressed  to  the  union  voters  who 
were  in  favor  of  the  adoption  of  the  proposed  constitutional  amend- 
ments, and  of  the  reconstruction  of  the  late  rebel  states  in  accord- 
ance with  the  laws  enacted  by  congress.  Pursuant  to  this  call,  the 
convention  met  at  the  Sixth-street  M.  E.  church,  Sacramento.  The 
body  was  called  to  order  by  W.  H.  Parks,  chairman  of  the  state 
committee,  who  advised  cautious  action  as  "owing  to  some  little 
excitement  in  various  parts  of  the  state  between  contestants  for  the 


UNION  CONVENTION.  247 

convention,  there  is  some  degree  of  feeling,  and  it  is  already  whis- 
pered among  our  opponents  that  this  convention  is  to  be  separated 
here  to-day."  For  temporary  chairman,  W.  W.  Stow  and  T.  B. 
McFarland,  the  caucus  nominees  of  the  adherents  of  Gorham  and 
Bidwell,  respectively,  were  placed  in  nomination.  Stow  was  elected 
by  a  vote  of  141,  to  139  for  McFarland.  In  taking  the  vote,  the 
short-hair  delegation  from  San  Francisco  was  counted,  and  the  rival 
delegation  from  Sacramento  was  not  permitted  to  vote.  In  the 
evening,  the  committee  on  credentials  reported  that  they  had  found 
no  dispute  except  as  to  the  counties  of  San  Francisco  and  Sacra- 
mento, and  they  unanimously  reported  in  favor  of  admitting  the 
short-hair  delegations  from  those  counties.  After  a  lengthy  and  excit- 
ing debate  on  the  question  of  admitting  that  delegation  from  Sacra- 
mento county,  the  report  of  the  committee  was  adopted.  A  perma- 
nent organization  was  then  effected  by  the  election  of  Stow,  as 
president;  and  W.  L.  Dudley,  S.  G.  George,  Bernard  Block,  and 
George  H.  Riddell,  vice-presidents.  The  order  of  business  provided 
for  the  formation  of  a  platform  after  all  of  the  nominations  should 
be  made. 

For  governor,  George  C.  Gorham  and  John  Bidwell  were  placed  in 
nomination,  and  Gorham  was  nominated  on  "the  first  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  148,  to  132  for  Bidwell. 

Gorham,  in  his  speech  accepting  the  nomination,  said : 

I  am  very  free  to  say  that  I  am  much  rejoiced  to  find  that  it  has 
pleased  this  convention  of  the  union  partv  of  the  state  of  California 
to  endorse  the  action  of  what  I  consider  to  be  a  majority  of  the  union 
party.  I  have  received,  I  am  told,  a  majority  of  the  votes  of  this 
convention  as  its  nominee  for  the  office  of  governor.  I  believe  the 
union  party  to  be  invincible  even  with  any  load  that  may  happen 
to  be  laid  upon  it  through  inadvertence.  I  shall  be  the  governor  of 
this  state,  and  I  hope  I  have  great  confidence  that  the  duties  that  I 
will  be  called  upon  to  discharge  in  the  executive  office  of  state  will 
be  discharged  to  the  satisfaction  of  all ;  yet  I  am  deeply  sensible  of 
the  weight  of  my  great  responsibility  to  the  state.  I  know  that 
during  the  canvass  a  great  many  warm  things  have  been  said  on 
both  sides.  I  entertain  no  feelings  of  anger  toward  any,  although  I 
might  complain  a  little  perhaps  at  the  want  of  fairness  of  some  por- 
tions of  the  press  toward  me.  They  may  be  honestly  mistaken  in 
their  incorrect  impressions  of  me,  but  I  hope  to  remove  them  all.  I 
have  said  if  anything  could  be  pointed  out  in  my  life  against  my 


248      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

private  character — any  failure  to  discharge  the  duties  of  my  posi- 
tion in  public  places — then  I  would  retire  from  the  contest,  and  I 
will  still  keep  up  the  same  proposition  until  September ;  if  there  is 
anything  brought  against  me  I  will  give  way.  For  those  who  have 
stood  by  me  in  this  contest,  I  have  a  brotherly  affection ;  for  those 
who  opposed  me,  I  have  no  feelings  of  ill-will,  and  I  hope  that  no 
state  of  animosity  will  exist  hereafter.  I  now  ask  for  the  united 
support  of  the  delegates  in  this  convention.  I  ask  for  the  counsel 
and  aid  of  the  leaders  of  the  party  in  this  convention,  and  that  we 
may  place  before  the  people  of  this  state  a  ticket  that  shall  be  unex- 
ceptionable. I  have  no  further  ambition  than  to  preserve  the 
interests  of  the  state. 

On  the  13th,  a  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed,  consist- 
ing of  David  Belden,  Walter  Murray,  Seneca  Ewer,  B.  F.  Ferris, 
Nathaniel  Holland,  R.  P.  Johnson,  L.  Upson,  J.  B.  Southard,  W.  J. 
Swasey,  E.  Wadsworth,  A.  J.  Batchelder,  W.  H.  Leonard,  T. 
O'Brien,  J.  P.  Dyer,  A.  J.  Dyer,  and  J.  C.  Birdseye.  A  communica- 
tion was  received  from  the  president  of  the  Central  Pacific  railroad 
inviting  the  delegates  to  a  free  excursion  by  special  train  to  Cisco,  and 
the  invitation  was  accepted  for  the  next  day.  The  committee  on 
resolutions  reported  the  following,  out  of  order,  and  the  resolutions 
were  adopted  : 

1.  That  in  the  present,  as  in  the  past,  we  are  irreconcilably  opposed 
to  treason  and  to  traitors,  whether  the  same  shall  attempt  to  sub- 
vert our  union  and  control  our  government  by  fraud  and  treachery 
from  within,  or  force  from  without ;  and  that  upon  the  loyalty  of  the 
nation,  tried  and  proved,  we  rely  to  re-establish,  firmly  and  forever, 
the  bonds  of  our  national  union. 

2.  That  in  reconstructing   the    nation,  its  foundation  should  be 
justice,  and  its  architecture  loyalty,  and  we  are  unwilling  that  those 
so  active  to  destroy  should  be  the  chosen  and  preferred  builders  to 
erect  it ;  and  until  it  shall  appear  that  in  the  states  lately  in  rebel- 
lion loyal  communities  exist  capable  and  ready  to  administer  jus- 
tice and  enforce  laws  in  accordance  with  the  principles  of  a  govern- 
ment of  free  men,  and  equals,  it  is  our  wish  that  the  government  be 
administered  and  the  laws  enforced  by  the  loyal  agents  of  the  federal 
government. 

3.  That  in  the  reconstruction  plan  of  the  late  congress  we  recog- 
nize a  policy  as  wise  as  it  is  magnanimous,  and  when  the  respective 


UNION  CONVENTION,  249 

states  late  in  the  rebellion  shall  bring  themselves  within  its  pro- 
visions, we  will  welcome  them  as  sisters  and  receive  them  as  equals  in 
a  reconstructed  union. 

4.  That  we  deem  the  passage  by  the  legislature  of  a  law  estab- 
lishing eight  hours  labor  as  a  legal   day's  work,  eminently  just  and 
proper. 

5.  That  the  importation  of   Chinese  or  any  other  people  of  the 
Mongolian  race  into  the  Pacific   states  or  territories  is  in  every 
respect  injurious  and  degrading  to  American  labor,  by  forcing  it  into 
unjust  and  ruinous  competition,  and  an  evil  that  should  be  restricted 
by  legislation  and  abated  by  such  legal  and  constitutional  means  as 
are  in  our  power. 

6.  That  the  future  primary  elections  of  the  union  party  in  this 
state  should  be  held  under  the  provisions  of  the  primary  election 
law,  and  that  such  test  should  be  prescribed  and  enforced  as  shall 
exclude  all  persons  not  members  of  the  union  party. 

7.  That  we  fully  approve  the  amendment  to  the  constitution  of 
the  state,  presented  by  the  legislature  of  1866,  and  providing  "that 
the  legislature  shall  have  no  power  to  make  an  appropriation  of 
money  for  any  purpose  whatever,  for  a  period  longer  than  two  years ;" 
that  the  same  should  be  accepted  by  the  legislature,  adopted  by  the 
people,  and  become  part  of  the  constitution  of  the  state. 

The  following  additional  nominations  were  then  made : 

John  P.  Jones,  for  lieutenant-governor,  without  opposition. 

William  H.  Parks,  for  secretary  of  state,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  162  to  140  for  James  E.  Hale. 

Josiah  Howell,  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  177 
to  1 20  for  J.  M.  Avery;  F.  F.  Lux  withdrawing. 

John  Currey,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  fourth  ballot, 
by  a  vote  of  159  to  121  for  S.  W.  Brockway,  and  21  for  J.  H.  Mc- 
Kune. 

Charles  F.  Reed,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  163  to  137  for  J.  H.  Whitlock. 

J.  G.  McCullough,  for  attorney-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  222  to  80  for  E.  D.  Wheeler. 

Romualdo  Pacheco,  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of 
196  to  99  for  Antonio  Pico  and  28  for  R.  Ellis. 

Charles  Clayton,  for  harbor  commissioner,  on  the  second  ballot,  by 
a  vote  of  160  to  58  for  C.  L.  Taylor;  W.  A.  Holcomb  and  Marcus 
D.  Boruck  withdrawing. 


250       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

R.  H.  Farquhar,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  without  opposi- 
tion. 

D.  O.  McCarthy,  for  state  printer,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of 
156  to  72  for  T.  A.  Springer  and  63  for  J.  J.  Owen. 

John  Swett,  for  school  superintendent,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  170  to  131  for  E.  S.  Lippitt. 

The  following  additional  resolutions  were  adopted : 

8.  That   the    union    party  of    California  cheerfully  endorse   the 
course  of  our  senator  and  representatives  in  congress,  who  aided  in 
making  and  consistently  sustained  the  national  policy  known  as  the 
reconstruction  policy  of  congress. 

9.  That   the   union    party  of    California    cheerfully  endorse    the 
present  state  officers  for  having  honestly,  faithfully,  and  economically 
conducted  the  state  government  during  the  past  four  years. 

A  state  central  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Walter 
Murray,  Seneca  Ewer,  G.  W.  Ryder,  W.  B.  Hunt,  Charles  West- 
moreland, Felix  Tracy,  I.  S.  Belcher,  M.  D.  Boruck,  E.  G.  Waite, 
H.  J.  Tilden,  J.  P.  H.  Wentworth,  and  others. 

On  June  10th,  the  first  district  union  congressional  convention 
met  at  San  Jose.  Before  the  meeting,  J.  W.  Wilcox,  a  candidate 
for  the  nomination,  who  had  the  support  of  the  short-hair  delegation 
from  San  Francisco,  announced  his  withdrawal.  He  had  also  a 
strong  support  from  the  worldngmen's  organization,  and  they 
denounced  his  withdrawal  as  the  result  of  a  sale  to  the  Pacific  Mail 
Steamship  Company.  Wilcox  declared  that  if  nominated  the  capi- 
talists would  spend  money  to  defeat  him,  and  that  with  a  defeat  he 
would  be  ruined  financially.  The  San  Francisco  short-hair  delega- 
tion was  admitted  by  a  vote  of  31  to  5,  and  T.  G.  Phelps  was  nomi- 
nated for  congress  by  acclamation.  Wilcox,  William  E.  Lovett, 
Frank  Soule,  George  Barstow,  C.  C.  Hickey,  Rev.  M.  C.  Briggs,  and 
Harvey  S.  Brown  were  placed  in  nomination,  but  they  all  withdrew. 
The  session  of  the  convention  was  very  animated. 

The  second  district  union  congressional  convention  met  at  Sacra- 
mento, on  June  llth,  but  adjourned  without  transacting  any  busi- 
ness. Another  meeting  was  held  on  the  14th,  at  2  A.  M.,  immed- 
iately after  the  adjournment  of  the  state  convention.  The  first 
meeting  had  been  held  in  the  assembly  chamber,  and  the  adjournment 
was  to  meet  at  the  same  place,  but  the  second  session  was  held  in 


CONGRESSIONAL  CONVENTIONS.  251 

the  Sixth-street  M.  E.  church,  and  a  number  of  the  delegates  being 
absent,  a  determined  effort  was  made  to  adjourn  over  until  during 
business  hours,  but  the  motion  to  delay  action  was  defeated,  and 
several  delegates  withdrew.  William  Higby  was  renominated  for 
congress  by  acclamation.  The  Sacramento  Union  subsequently  sup- 
ported Higby,  but  on  the  morning  of  his  nomination  it  indignantly 
said  : 

The  nomination  of  William  Higby  for  congress  was  made  under 
circumstances  as  discreditable  as  those  which  attended  the  nomina- 
tion of  Gorham.  After  the  adjournment  of  the  state  convention,  at 
the  witching  hour  of  two  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  time  for  the 
meeting  of  the  congressional  convention  was  suddenly  changed,  the 
delegates  could  not  be  properly  notified,  and  it  was  evident  that  the 
attendance  of  all  of  them  was  not  desired.  A  convocation  was  got 
together  at  that  unseasonable  hour,  and,  the  majority  of  those  pres- 
ent being  Higby  men,  the  nomination  was  rushed  through  against 
the  protest  of  the  minority.  The  nominee  has  been  taking  lessons 
in  the  gophering  tactics  of  Gorham.  He  may  imagine  that  he  is 
the  regular  candidate  of  the  union  party  in  the  second  district;  but, 
from  the  indignation  expressed  by  the  minority,  we  judge  he  will  be 
compelled  to  get  a  little  more  regular  endorsement,  in  broad  day- 
light, by  a  full  convention  to  secure  the  votes  of  the  union  men  of 
this  district.  The  whole  system  of  cheating  the  people  out  of  a  fair 
expression  of  their  choice  for  public  office  must  be  crushed  out,  and 
now  is  the  accepted  time  for  accomplishing  that  result.  Swindling 
is  never  regular,  and  when  it  is  practiced  in  making  nominations^, 
revolt  against  it  becomes  the  most  consecrated  regularity. 

The  third  district  union  convention  met  at  Marysville,  on  June 
15th.  After  a  protracted  debate  on  the  divided  report  of  the  com- 
mittee on  credentials,  Chancellor  Hartson  and  Jesse  O.  Goodwin 
were  placed  in  nomination  for  congress.  Goodwin  withdrew, 
remarking  that  he  had  not  money  enough  to  recover  the  votes  he 
had  once  controlled,  and  Hartson  was  nominated  by  acclamation. 
A  few  days  later,  Goodwin  published  a  card  announcing  himself  as 
an  independent  candidate,  but  in  July  he  withdrew  from  the  contest. 
In  his  card  of  announcement,  he  said  : 

To  the  free  and  independent  voters  of  the  third  congressional 
district,  state  of  California,  who  believe  that  nominations  for  office 
by  conventions,  conceived  in  fraud,  put  up  in  utter  disregard  of 


252       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

public  opinion,  and  shamelessly  carried  out  according  to  the  direc- 
tions of  a  clique  of  politicians  (so-called)  acting  under  the  mandates 
of  a  few  soulless  corporations,  I  submit  my  name  as  an  independent 
candidate  for  congress.  Circumstances  beyond  my  means  to  control, 
together  with  the  advice  of  prominent  men  from  nearly  half  the 
counties  in  the  district  concurring  with  me  in  this  regard,  have 
induced  me  to  this  action.  Time  and  space  will  not  allow  me  to  discuss 
the  reasons  here,  but  I  shall  take  great  pleasure  in  doing  so  in  person 
in  every  county  in  the  district  during  the  coming  campaign;  with 
a  full,  firm,  and  abiding  belief  that  the  free  yeomanry  of  California 
have  some  rights  left,  even  as  against  money  and  moneyed  corpora- 
tions, which  may  be  made  to  appear  on  the  fourth  of  September 
next  at  the  polls.  My  platform  is,  equal  and  exact  justice  to  all,  to 
accomplish  which  the  government  should  be  administered  upon  the 
most  economical  basis  that  can  be  devised ;  unfaithful  officers  dis- 
placed and  faithful  ones  put  in  their  stead ;  taxation  reduced  to  the 
expenses  of  the  government,  including  the  interest  of  the  national 
debt,  with  only  a  nominal  sinking  fund  for  the  present,  and  in  the 
collection  of  such  tax  that  all  money,  property,  or  evidences  of  debt 
should  be  taxed  according  to  their  real  value,  none  to  be  excluded; 
and  that  "  the  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  con- 
stitution, nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  states,  are  reserved  to  the 
states,  respectively,  or  to  the  people."  Finally,  for  the  present,  hav- 
ing been  brought  up  a  laborer  myself,  I  am  in  favor  of  all  laws 
tending  to  protect  the  white  labor  of  the  country,  and  am  also  in 
favor  of  all  that  will  kill  or  tend  even  to  choke  the  soulless  corpora- 
tions now  sucking  the  very  life-blood  of  our  young  state.  I  love  and 
venerate  our  common  country  and  her  flag,  the  starry  emblem  of  our 
nationality,  and  I  am  for  all  who  will  stand  for  the  union  of  states, 
and  against  all  who  are  opposed  to  such  union.  My  motto  is:  God 
and  the  right. 

It  was  evident  from  the  first  that  the  nomination  of  Gorham 
would  alienate  from  the  union  party  the  support  of  the  influential 
newspapers  of  the  state,  and  immediately  on  his  nomination,  an  open 
declaration  of  hostility  to  the  ticket  was  made.  The  San  Francisco 
Bulletin  denounced  the  nomination  of  Gorham  as  the  result  of  fraud, 
saying  that  less  than  1,500  union  men  had  voted  his  ticket  at  the  pri- 
maries, and  that  the  democrats  had  done  the  rest  of  the  work .  It 
urged  the  people  to  compel  Gorham  to  withdraw,  and  added,  "We  have 
no  means  of  knowing  whether  the  respectable  people  of  the  city  and 


GORHAM'S  CANDIDACY  SCORED.  253 

state  will  accept  the  yoke  which  has  been  fashioned  to  gall  their 
necks.  If  they  do  quietly  submit  to  the  infliction,  they  will  deserve 
the  consequences."  It  was  urged  that  Bidwell  was  the  choice  of  a 
large  majority  of  the  union  citizens  of  the  state ;  that  he  had  had 
the  support  of  thirty-five  newspapers  of  influence;  and  that  he  had 
been  cheated  out  of  the  nomination  by  political  trickery  in  the 
interest  of  Gorham.  The  opposition  was  directed  against  Gorham, 
Parks,  Howell,  and  McCarthy.  So  far  as  the  remaining  nominees 
on  the  state  ticket  were  concerned,  they  were  entirely  satisfactory, 
and  the  opposition,  or  "independent"  press,  as  it  styled  itself,  urged 
their  support  upon  the  party.  The  Sacramento  Union,  in  explain- 
ing its  hostility  to  Gorham,  said  : 

The  nomination  of  George  0.  Gorham  by  the  union  state  conven- 
tion for  the  high  office  of  governor  of  California  encounters  the  pro- 
test of  thousands  who  have  hitherto  acted  with  the  union  party  from 
considerations  of  patriotic  duty  and  love  of  principle  and  without 
regard  to  the  spoils  of  place.  As  a  citizen,  aside  from  his  associa- 
tion with  a  gang  of  plunder  seekers,  Gorham  is  socially  clever  and  is 
known  to  possess  fair  capacity.  He  has  chosen  to  identify  himself 
with  a  league  of  bad  characters  who  have  followed  the  union  party, 
like  the  camp  followers  of  an  army,  with  a  greedy  eye  for  loot,  to 
become  their  candidate  and  representative  man,  to  adopt  their  pecul- 
iar tactics  for  preventing  a  free  expression  of  the  will  of  the  people, 
and  to  give  the  state  the  most  flagrant  illustration  of  the  power  of 
such  a  crowd  to  wrest  a  nomination  from  an  unwilling  party  that 
has  been  witnessed  for  years.  Beginning  with  the  state  central 
committee,  Gorham  and  his  friends  deprived  the  union  men  of  the 
interior  of  their  proper  representation  in  the  convention.  Thence, 
they  proceeded  to  secure  the  county  committees  and  prescribe  minor 
programmes  of  fraud,  to  get  up  primary  elections  which  were  palpa- 
ble mockeries  of  free  choice,  and,  with  the  money  of  scheming 
corporations  to  buy  up  delegates  who  were  elected  by  interior  con- 
stituencies to  vote  for  a  rival  candidate.  And,  when  the  conven- 
tion, thus  fraudulently  planned,  had  assembled,  and  it  was  found 
that  a  nomination  depended  upon  the  twenty-one  votes  of  Sacra- 
mento county,  the  league  determined  to  admit  a  delegation  from 
that  county  which  they  knew  did  not  represent  five  hundred  legiti- 
mate voters  out  of  forty-three  hundred.  A  convention  thus  made 
up  can  have  no  valid  title  to  be  regarded  as  an  exponent  of  the 
wishes  of  the  union  party,  and  the  nomination  of  Gorham  must  be 


254       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

looked  upon  as  a  fraud,  from  its  inception  in  San  Francisco  until  it 
was  consummated  at  the  capital. 

And  now  in  what  position  does  this  action  place  those  honest 
citizens  who  have  hitherto  affiliated  with  the  union  organization  1 
They  are  not  only  asked  to  endorse  with  their  votes  the  means  by 
which  the  nomination  of  Gorham  was  procured,  but  to  place  in 
power  at  the  state  capitol,  for  four  years,  the  whole  league  of  spoils- 
men, schemers,  and  corruptionists  with  which  he  has  chosen  to 
identify  himself,  and  for  which  he  has  been  an  active  lobby -agent. 
We  need  not  again  do  more  than  refer  to  the  Western  Pacific  rail- 
road swindle,  for  which  Gorham  undertook  to  secure  the  sanction  of 
the  governor,  as  a  fair  sample  of  the  sort  of  legislation  which  he 
would  approve.  In  that  instance,  the  gubernatorial  veto  saved  the 
people  from  prolonged  and  grievous  taxation,  and  the  treasury  of 
the  state  from  depletion  by  a  half  dozen  speculators  who  had  clearly 
shown  that  they  had  no  intention  of  building  a  railroad.  Gorham's 
strength  in  seeking  a  nomination  has  consisted  largely  of  the  knowl- 
edge or  belief  that  he  would  affix  his  signature  to  all  similar  bills, 
and  they  have  many  such,  involving  millions,  at  the  bay.  Now, 
elect  Gorham  and  let  a  legislature  as  pliant  as  the  last  one  be 
obtained — and  that  is,  of  course,  the  next  object  of  the  combination 
— and  the  state  will  be  bled  to  bankruptcy  within  two  years,  while 
the  pressure  of  taxation  upon  every  interest  will  become  intolerable 
to  the  people.  It  is  quite  clear  that  such  an  experiment  would  kill 
the  union  party,  at  any  rate  at  the  close  of  the  Gorham  administra- 
tion, if  not  before ;  and,  with  this  view  of  the  case,  there  are  thou- 
sands of  taxpayers  and  conscientious  citizens  who  will  respectfully 
decline  to  make  an  organization  of  which  they  have  had  reason  to 
feel  proud,  responsible  for  the  infliction  or  deserving  of  this  unsavory 
end.  As  a  last  consolation,  there  is  such  a  thing  as  dying  with 
decency,  leaving  an  honorable  name.  In  any  event,  however,  and' 
whatever  course  partisans  and  their  organs  may  see  fit  to  pursue, 
the  duty  of  the  independent  press  in  such  emergencies  as  this  is,  to 
look  after  the  interests  of  the  state  and  the  people.  Protesting 
against  the  nomination  of  Gorham  before  it  was  consummated,  we 
stated  the  considerations  which  would  render  the  nomination  a 
calamity  to  the  party  now  dominant  in  the  state.  As  the  same 
reasons  would  make  his  election  disastrous  to  the  people,  we  repeat 
our  protest,  now  that  the  convention  has  done  its  work.  We  find 
no  pleasure  in  the  performance  of  this  task,  It  is,  indeed,  sorrowfu 
to  be  compelled  to  witness  the  wreck  of  a  party  which  has  a  bright 


GORHAMS  ADDRESS  TO  VOTERS.  255 

record  of  service,  and,  if  properly  guided,  might  still  lend  potential 
aid  to  the  cause  of  true  progress  and  good  government.  But  if  the 
machinery  of  the  organization  is  to  be  intrusted  to  wicked  engineers, 
and  the  union  party  is  to  be  run  for  the  mere  benefit  of  corrupt 
schemers,  though  we  may  regret  the  inevitable  smashing  up  of  the 
train  and  the  consequent  blighting  of  many  cheering  hopes,  we  must 
expect  to  see  the  people  who  don't  want  to  go  to  ruin  take  passage 
in  a  safer  political  conveyance. 

To  stem  the  current  of  popular  opinion,  Gorham,  on  June  18th, 
issued  the  following  address  to  the  members  of  the  union  party: 

As  the  nominee  of  the  union  party  of  the  state  for  the  office  of 
governor,  the  welcome  task  is  imposed  on  me  of  sounding  the  note  of 
preparation  for  the  impending  contest.  Previous  to  the  nomination 
the  usual  efforts  were  made  on  behalf  of  the  several  candidates.  The 
claims  of  all  having  been  submitted  to  the  state  convention,  and  the 
choice  having  fallen  upon  me,  I  am  gratified  at  being  able  to  say  that 
the  representative  men  of  the  several  elements  of  the  party  have 
warmly  and  enthusiastically  assured  me  that  they  will  now,  as  in 
the  past,  labor  zealously  for  the  success  of  the  cause.  They  will 
soon  be  heard  rallying  the  masses  to  the  support  of  the  union  ticket. 
The  party  press,  true  to  principle,  have  so  far  as  I  have  heard, 
already  entered  upon  the  campaign. 

After  calling  attention  to  the  attitude  of  the  democratic  party 
toward  the  federal  government  and  to  the  fact  that  the  presidential 
election  would  be  held  in  the  succeeding  year,  he  said  : 

But,  notwithstanding  the  vital  necessity  at  this  time  of  the  suc- 
cess of  the  union  party  principles  and  union  party  organization, 
murmurings  of  discontent  are  heard  from  quarters  which  have  some- 
times lent  us  aid  from  without  the  party  lines.  A  portion  of  the 
independent  press,  refusing  at  all  times  to  be  bound  by  the  action 
of  the  conventions  of  the  party,  has  attempted  to  dictate  its  policy 
and  its  nominations,  and  failing  to  overawe  its  assembled  representa- 
tives, has  taken  up  arms  against  the  organization.  A  persistence 
in  this  course  will  make  them  the  allies  of  the  democratic  party, 
and  as  such  they  must  be  met  as  we  meet  all  enemies  of  our  cause. 
These  papers  forbade  my  nomination  by  the  union  state  convention. 
They  say  I  have  been  employed  to  urge  upon  the  legislature  schemes 
for  the  improper  expenditure  of  public  money.  The  charge  is  with- 
out foundation,  and  is  utterly  untrue.  I  never  in  my  life  aided  in 


256       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

the  passage  of  any  measure  in  the  legislature  for  a  consideration, 
I  never  made  use  of  nor  advised  any  improper  influences  to  reach 
any  legislator  in  behalf  of  any  measure.  It  is  well  known  that  my 
presence  at  the  last  legislature  was  at  first  for  political  purposes — 
to  aid  in  the  elevation  of  another,  not  myself,  to  office ;  and  subse- 
quently, to  urge  party  action  on  national  subjects  then  of  great 
moment,  and  to  solicit  aid  for  the  circulation  of  a  little  sheet  called  the 
Free  American,  through  which  I  was  at  my  own  expense,  calling 
public  attention  to  the  subject  of  reconstruction.  I  mean  to  be 
clearly  understood  as  giving  a  full  and  complete  denial  to  all  the 
charges  made  against  me,  not  one  of  which  can  for  a  moment  stand 
in  the  presence  of  the  light  of  truth.  But  they  go  further,  and  say 
that  I  am  sure,  if  elected,  to  be  under  the  control  of  schemers  and 
jobbers.  To  those  who  know  me,  so  absurd  a  proposition  needs  no 
denial:  But  I  know  I  must  address  myself  to  those  who  do  not 
know  me.  Much  has  been  said  of  measures  for  the  disposal  of  prop- 
erty belonging  to  the  state,  and  charges  are  made  that  those 
interested  have  secured  pledges  from  me  that  I  will,  if  elected  give 
such  measures  my  sanction.  These  charges  are  untrue ;  and  so  far 
from  their  having  any  foundation  in  fact,  I  here  emphatically  declare 
that  no  bill  to  dispose  of  state  property  anywhere  without  full  and 
just  compensation,  could  ever  have  my  sanction.  If  any  have  aided 
in  my  nomination  with  expectations  contrary  to  this  declaration,  let 
them  dismiss  such  hopes  forever.  It  is  also  said  that  I  would 
approve  heavy  appropriations  to  aid  public  improvements.  Let  my 
reply  be  explicit.  I  believe  that  the  public  improvements  so  necessary 
to  the  building  up  of  the  material  interests  of  the  state  must  reljr 
mainly  on  private  enterprise,  and  that  public  aid  should  only  be 
invoked  after  great  outlays  of  private  capital  have  already  been 
made ;  and  I  pledge  myself  to  the  tax  payers  of  this  state  that  no 
measure  to  add  to  the  burden  of  the  public  debt  shall  ever  receive 
my  approval,  in  the  event  of  my  election,  unless  it  is  clearly  in 
obedience  to  the  demand  of  public  opinion,  and  clearly  to  the  advan- 
tage of  the  commonwealth.  No  interest  of  private  persons  shall 
ever  be  subserved  through  me  at  the  expense  of  the  state.  I  have 
made  no  pledges,  expressed  or  implied,  to  any  corporation  or  indi- 
vidual, upon  any  proposed  measure  whatever.  To  an  economical 
administration  of  the  state  government ;  to  firmness  in  the  execu- 
tion of  the  laws;  to  a  watchful  care  in  the  examination  of  claims 
against  the  state ;  to  humane  and  thoughtful  attention  to  the  poor, 
to  the  insane  and  the  criminal;  to  the  appointment  of  none  but 


GORHAM'S  ADDRESS  TO    VOTERS.  257 

trustworthy  and  competent  men  to  office ;  to  fidelity,  at  all  times,  to 
the  cause  of  education;  to  boldness  of  speech  in  behalf  of  the  right, 
when  great  issues  shall  arise;  to  all  these  I  pledge  myself  most 
unreservedly.  I  trust  I  am  on  better  terms  with  my  Maker  than  I 
can  believe  my  cruel  calumniators  to  be,  and  in  His  presence  I  again 
asseverate  the  truth  of  all  I  have  said.  Let  Him  judge  me.  My 
heart  is  light,  and  my  conscience  is  clear. 

One  of  the  journals  of  San  Francisco  affects  to  misunderstand  a 
remark  made  by  me  to  the  state  convention,  and  makes  it  the  basis 
of  an  offensive  suggestion.  I  will  reproduce  what  was  really  said, 
and  set  the  matter  finally  at  rest.  After  alluding  to  the  assaults 
made  on  me,  I  said  that  "  if  anything  could  be  pointed  out  in  my 
life  against  my  private  character,  or  if  any  failure  to  discharge  my 
public  duty  could  be  shown,  that  I  should  cheerfully  retire  from  the 
contest."  Notwithstanding  my  name  has  been  under  discussion  for 
a  year,  the  utmost  malignity  of  my  enemies  has  been  foiled  in  all 
efforts  to  fix  a  blemish  upon  me,  and  I  now  declare  irrevocably  that 
the  party  banner  which  has  been  intrusted  to  my  keeping  by  the 
finally  unanimous  voice  of  the  union  state  convention,  shall  be  held 
aloft  by  me  until  the  day  of  election ;  and  that  I  would  as  soon 
think  of  surrendering  it  into  the  hands  of  those  who  rejoiced  at  the 
assassination  of  the  martyred  Lincoln,  as  of  laying  it  down  at  the 
bidding  of  men  who  are  eagerly  whetting  their  knives  -to  seek  the 
life  of  the  invincible  union  party. 

For  all  who  are  union  men  I  have  the  feeling  of  a  fellow  soldier 
in  a  sacred  cause.  Let  us  forget  the  bickerings  of  the  last  few 
weeks  and  resolve  on  victory.  For  open  and  manly  political  oppo- 
nents I  have  the  proper  respect.  For  those  who  would,  after  time 
is  given  for  the  blood  to  cool,  strike  at  the  cause  under  a  pretext  of 
being  dissatisfied  with  the  nominations,  I  have  nothing  but  defiance 
and  scorn;  At  no  time  and  under  no  circumstances  will  I  desert 
the  post  of  duty  to  which  I  have  been  legitimately  assigned  by  my 
party.  The  union  party  has  a  charmed  life,  and  nothing  can  destroy 
it  until  its  great  mission  is  fulfilled.  I  will  do  my  whole  duty  dur- 
ing the  canvass,  visiting  all  accessible  portions  of  the  state.  I  shall 
thus  meet  you  face  to  face,  and  we  can  come  to  good  understandings. 

-In  several  counties  a  movement  was  immediately  inaugurated  to 
the  end  of  a  revision  of  the  union  state  ticket  by  dropping  the  ob- 
jectionable nominees,  and  in  San  Francisco  it  culminated  in  a  call 
for  a  meeting  to  be  held  on  June  17th.  That  meeting  was  presided 

17 


258       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

over  by  T.  W.  McOolliam.     The  following  resolutions  were  adopted, 
after  a  discussion  : 

WHEREAS,  The  machinery  of  the  union  party  of  California  has 
been  prostituted  by  unscrupulous  demagogues  to  the  support  and 
advocacy  of  unworthy  purposes,  as  has  been  evidenced  by  the  late 
action  of  the  union  state  central  committee,  of  the  county  commit- 
tees of  Sacramento  and  San  Francisco,  and  more  recently  by  that  of 
the  union  state  convention  excluding  the  legitimate  representatives 
of  the  union  party ;  therefore  be  it  resolved  : 

1.  That  we  reorganize  the  republican  party  of  California,  and 
pledge  ourselves  to  its  support. 

2.  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  the  chair,  who  shall 
issue  an  address  to  the  national  republicans  of  this  state  and  request 
their  co-operation  with  us  in  reorganizing  our  party. 

3.  That  said  committee  of  'five  be  authorized   to  act  as  members 
from  the  county  of  San  Francisco  of  a  republican  state  central  com- 
mittee. 

4.  That   such   state   central   committee,    when  organized,   be    re- 
quested to  call  a  republican  state  convention,   to  assemble  between 
the  15th  and   25th  days  of  July  next,  to  nominate  a  state  ticket  for 
the  support  of  the  republicans  of  California. 

5.  That  the   republicans  of  the  county  of  San  Francisco  be  re- 
quested and  urged   to  form  a  republican  club  in  each  election  pre- 
cinct in  the  county. 

6.  That  said  clubs,  when  so  organized,  appoint  each  two  members 
to  act  as  a  republican  county  committee  for  the  county  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Caleb  T.  Fay  spoke  in  favor  of  the  adoption  of  the  resolutions, 
and  a  gentleman  who  desired  to  speak  in  opposition  to  the  move- 
ment was  prevented  from  proceeding  by  constant  interruptions,  and 
cries  of  "  Put  him  out !"  The  chair  appointed  Joseph  M.  Wood, 
George  Amerage,  David  N.  Hawley,  A.  J.  Snyder,  and  A.  F.  Scott 
to  act  on  the  committee  provided  for  by  the  second  and  third  reso- 
lutions. This  committee  afterward  issued  an  address  to  the  repub- 
licans of  the  state,  urging  them  to  reorganize  their  party. 

A  republican  meeting  was  held  at  Sacramento  on  June  24th,  and 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  call  a  meeting  for  the  25th,  of  all 
union  men  who  were  opposed  to  or  in  favor  of  reconstructing  the 
state  ticket.  A  meeting  was  held  pursuant  to  this  call,  but  it  was 


UNION-REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  259 

captured  by  the  short  hairs,  and  the  long  hairs  retired  to  another 
hall,  and  after  organizing,  elected  Charles  H.  Swift,  Thomas  Ross, 
and  William  Beckman  members  of  the  republican  state  central  com- 
mittee from  that  county,  called  a  county  convention,  and  adopted  a 
lengthy  set  of  resolutions.  Similar  meetings  were  held  in  other 
counties. 

The  republican  state  committee,  composed  of  members  chosen  at 
these  informal  meetings,  called  a  state  convention,  to  assemble  at 
Sacramento  on  July  16th,  for  the  purpose  of  revising  the  union  state 
ticket.  The  call  was  issued  on  July  3d.  Accordingly,  on  the  day 
named  the  union  republican  state  convention  met.  It  was  called  to 
order  by  J.  M.  Wood,  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  On  motion 
of  C.  T.  Fay,  William  Jones  was  elected  temporary  chairman.  Del- 
egates were  present  from  the  counties  of  Alameda,  Amador,  Contra 
Costa,  El  Dorado,  Lake,  Placer,  Sacramento,  San  Francisco,  Santa 
Cruz,  Solano,  Sutter,  Tuolumne  and  Yuba.  The  committee  on  reso- 
lutions consisted  of  J.  M.  Wood,  F.  A.  Hornblower,  E.  Judson,  M. 
C.  Tilden,  A.  Seavey,  W.  H.  Reynolds  and  W.  S.  Coombs.  On  per- 
manent organization,  Jones  was  president,  and  William  Kendall  and 
George  Amerage  vice-presidents.  A  motion  was  carried  heartily 
endorsing  the  nominations  made  by  the  union  party,  except  for  the 
offices  of  governor,  secretary  of  state,  controller  and  printer.  On 
the  17th,  by  a  resolution  offered  by  Fay,  John  Bid  well  was  unani- 
mously nominated  for  governor.  The  following  nominations  were 
also  made  without  opposition :  J.  G.  McCallum  for  secretary  of 
state,  William  Jones  for  controller,  and  Edward  G.  Jefferis  for 
printer.  The  following  resolutions,  reported  by  the  committee,  were 
unanimously  adopted : 

WHEREAS,  Justice  is  essential  to  political  peace,  and  patriotism 
should  be  exalted  as  a  virtue,  and  it  is  the  duty  of  the  state  to 
cherish  all  its  people ;  and,  whereas,  those  who  assert  these  prin- 
ciples are,  throughout  the  nation,  called  republicans ;  therefore  be 
it  resolved, 

1.  That  the  republican  party  of  California  declares  itself  a  part 
of  and  in  alliance  with  the  national  republican  party  of  the  union. 

2.  That  we  endorse  the  action  of  congress  on  the  question  of  re- 
construction, and  will  heartily  endeavor  to  bring  the  same  to  a  suc- 
cessful conclusion. 


260       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

3.  That  we  are  the  friends  and  advocates  of  free  speech,  a  free 
press,  free  schools  and  the  most  liberal  provision  by  the  state  for  the 
purpose  of  educating  the  people  thereof. 

4.  That  we  are  opposed   to  any  appropriation  of  the  money  or 
credit  of  the  state  for  private  purposes,  or  for  the  benefit  of  private 
corporations. 

5.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  such  limit  by  law  to  the  hours  of 
labor  as  the  sound  judgment  of  laborers  themselves  shall  fix,  as  for 
their  best  interests  after  mature  deliberation  in  their  own  council. 

>  6.  That  we  are  unqualifiedly  opposed  to  coolie  labor,  but  are  in 
favor  of  voluntary  immigration,  and  just  protection  to  all  free  labor 
from  whatever  nationality  it  may  come. 

-?  7.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  impartial  suffrage  without  distinction 
of  color. 

8.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  registry  law  and  the  law  known  as 
Porter's  primary  election  law,  and  that  we  consider  the  honest  and 
faithful   enforcement  of  their  provisions  essential  to  the  purity  of 
the  ballot  box. 

9.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  rigid   and   strict  economy  in  state, 
county  and  city  governments,  and  the  reduction  of  salaries  of  officers 
to  the  standard  of  industrial  pursuits. 

10.  That  the  action  of  the  late  union  county  committees  of  San 
Francisco  and  Sacramento,  by  which  democrats  were  allowed  to  take 
part  in  the  late  union  primary  election,  was  a  fraud  upon  the  union 
voters  of  this  state,  and  disgraceful  to  all  those  who  were  concerned 
therein,  and  nominations  obtained  by  such  means  have  no  binding 
obligation  upon  any  member  of  the  union  party. 

A  state  central  committee  was  selected,  composed  of  E.  Judson, 
Samuel  Soule,  R.  B.  Torrence,  J.  M.  Wood,  B.  R.  Nickerson,  Isaac 
E.  Davis,  J.  H.  Redington,  C.  H.  Swift,  W.  Beckman,  A.  Leonard, 
George  C.  Perkins,  D.  Gordon,  and  others.  After  a  debate,  a  resolu- 
tion was  adopted  declaring  it  as  the  sense  of  the  convention  that  no 
compromise  could  harmonize  the  union  party  while  Gorham  was  re- 
tiined  as  the  gubernatorial  nominee. 

On  July  26th,  McCallum  published  a  card  declining  the  republi- 
can nomination  for  secretary  of  state,  and  on  August  5th  the  state 
committee  of  that  party  substituted  B.  R.  Nickerson  as  the  candi- 
date for  that  office. 

Bidwell  was  nominated  for  governor  without  consultation,  and  it 
was  not  known  if  he  would  accept.  On  July  20th,  a  telegraphic 


G  UBERNA  TO  RIAL  NOMINA  TION  DECLINED.      261 

dispatch  dated  on  the  17th,  from  Bid  well  to  George  S.  Evans,  was 
published,  in  which  he  stated:  "Having  been  in  the  field  once,  I 
cannot  consent  to  be  a  candidate  again."  The  republican  convention 
>made  no  provision  for  officially  notifying  their  candidates  of  their 
nominations,  and  therefore  there  was  no  opportunity  for  a  formal  de- 
clination. Afterward,  Bid  well  was  waited  on  by  several  prominent 
members  of  the  Gorham  party,  and  on  August  2d,  the  Marysville 
Appeal  published  the  following  correspondence  : 

'  MARYSVILLE,  July  22,  1867. 

JOHN  BIDWELL,  Chico, —  Dear  Sir:  Understanding  that  the  late 
convention,  which  nominated  you  for  the  office  of  governor,  do  not 
intend  to  formally  notify  you  of  such  nomination,  and  offer  you  an 
opportunity  to  formally  accept  or  decline  the  same,  and  seeing  that 
the  paper  published  at  your  place  favors  the  placing  of  your  name  as 
such  nominee  at  the  head  of  the  ticket ;  and  feeling,  like  many  other 
union  men,  anxious  for  the  welfare  of  the  union  party,  I  address 
you  this  note  to  inquire  of  you  whether  you  approve  or  accept  of 
such  nomination ;  or  have  authorized  the  Chico  Courant  to  so  use 
your  name  in  placing  it  before  the  people  as  such  nominee  for  the 
office  of  governor.  Hoping  an  early  reply,  and  one  you  may  be 
willing  to  have  published,  I  remain,  your  obedient  servant, 

G.  N.  SWEZY. 

CHICO,  July  24,  1867. 

G.  N.  SWEZY, — My  Dear  Sir:  Yours  of  the  22d  inst  is  received. 
In  consequence  of  receiving  so  many  letters,  pro  and  contra,  I  am 
forced  to  abandon  my  original  purpose  to  simply  answer  each  letter 
in  its  turn  and  write  nothing  for  publication,  for  it  will  consume  all 
my  time.  I,  therefore,  propose  now,  through  this  occasion,  to  speak 
to  one  and  all.  To  those  who  congratulate  me  on  my  reported  nom- 
ination for  governor,  I  have  promptly,  but  courteously,  said  that  I 
could  not  possibly  accept  the  honor.  To  those  who  urge  me  to  de- 
cline the  nomination  in  question  and  dictate  the  terms  in  which  I 
shall  come  out  in  favor  of  the  regular  ticket,  I  must  kindly  say  that 
I  have  not  been  officially  advised  of  such  nomination,  have  accepted 
none,  do  not,  under  the  circumstances,  propose  to  accept  any,  prefer 
to  employ  my  own  language  in  making  this  formal  declension,  and 
that  I  have  not  abandoned,  but  still  adhere  unswervingly  to  the 
•union  party. 

Some  ask  me  to  give    an  expression  of  sentiment,  if  consistent 


262       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

with  my  views,  favorable  to  a  united  effort  in  behalf  of  the  union 
state  ticket.  I  answer,  it  certainly  is  consistent  with  my  views,  and 
I  proceed  to  do  so.  Having  been  a  candidate  before  one  convention, 
I  desire  to  say  to  those  friends  who  adhered  to  me  during  the  strug- 
gle for  the  nomination,  and  who  labored  earnestly  for  and  were 
favorable  to  my  nomination,  and  to  all  others,  that  I  feel  profoundly 
grateful  to  them,  but  that  I  cannot  consent  to  enter  the  field  again 
and  attempt  to  make  the  race  for  governor.  To  do  so  would  be 
tantamount  to  giving  aid  to  the  so-called  democratic  party,  the  suc- 
cess of  which,  at  this  juncture  of  affairs,  would  be  a  calamity  both 
to  the  state  and  nation,  and  ought  not  to  be  thought  of  by  any  loyal 
man.  As  far  as  I  am  concerned,  I  am  trying  to  lay  aside  all  per- 
sonal feelings  and  considerations ;  in  fact,  I  hav  e  done  so,  so  far  as 
human  nature  is  capable  under  similar  circumstances.  I  profess  not 
to  be  perfect.  And  I  now  ask,  what  can  be  done  to  restore  harmony 
to  the  union  party  of  this  state?  In  the  pending  contest  we  want 
not  only  to  win  the  battle  for  freedom  and  equal  suffrage,  but  we 
want  to  make  the  victory  overwhelming.  Being  out  of  the  race,  I 
am  no  longer  a  stumbling  block  in  the  way,  and  I  think  I  can  view 
the  scene  from  the  standpoint  of  a  tax  payer  and  private  citizen, 
calmly,  impartially.  There  is  one  question  upon  which  all  must 
agree.  Our  public  burdens  are  great  and  must  not  be  increased. 
There  is  a  deep-seated  apprehension  pervading  the  minds  of  the 
people,  that  the  head  of  the  state  ticket,  having  been  identified  with 
a  measure  vastly  increasing  the  public  debt  or  liabilities,  and  con- 
sequently the  taxes  of  the  people,  would  have  the  right  to  consider, 
if  elected,  that  his  course  in  respect  to  the  said  measure  had  been 
sanctioned,  and  that  he  would  feel  at  full  liberty  to  approve  that 
or  any  similar  measure  for  the  benefit  of  speculators,  "as  clearly 
in  obedience  to  the  demand  of  public  opinion ;"  also,  that  the  tide- 
lands  belonging  to  the  state,  some  of  which  are  already  valuable,  and 
which  if  safely  guarded  and  properly  managed  can  scarcely  fail  to 
be  more  than  ample  to  pay  the  entire  state  debt  (for  who  can  doubt 
that  a  city  is  destined  to  rise  from  the  waters  of  the  bay  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, perhaps  stretching  from  Goat  Island  to  the  Alameda  shore,  of 
more  than  Venetian  opulence  and  splendor1?)  will  be  recklessly 
squandered  for  the  benefit  of  speculators. 

Now,  there  should  be  a  cure  for  every  ill.  The  only  remedy  that 
suggests  itself  to  my  mind  is  this  :  Let  the  people  everywhere  exact 
of  the  state  ticket  and  candidates  for  the  legislature  pledges  of  the 
most  binding  character  upon  these  vital  questions.  Let  candidates 


DEMOCRATIC    CONVENTION.  263 

pledge  themselves  to  the  people  that  no  measure  adding  to  the  liabil- 
ities of  the  state  or  the  taxes  of  the  people,  or  squandering  the 
public  property,  shall-  oe  passed  or  approved;  and,  satisfactory 
pledges  having  beer*0  .en,  let  us  vote  the  entire  union  ticket  without 
scratching  a  letC*',  syllable  or  name.  No  candidate  can  refuse  to 
accede  to  these  reasonable  demands.  No  person,  in  this  time  of 
peace,  can  propose  to  favor  oppressive  measures  and  expect  the 
people  to  sustain  him  by  their  votes.  A  new  ticket  cannot  be  sub- 
stituted, at  this  late  hour,  with  any  certainty  of  success.  We  must 
then  stand  by  this  or  let  the  copperheads  take  the  state.  1  say, 
therefore,  to  my  friends  everywhere,  let  us  rally  and  prevent  such  a 
calamity,  by  taking  the  only  course  that  seems  within  our  power. 
Let  us  demand  that  the  state  indebtedness  shall  not  be  increased  ; 
that  the  property  of  the  state  shall  be  preserved  for  the  benefit  of 
the  people ;  the  state  for  the  nation,  and  the  nation  for  the  cause 
of  freedom  and  humanity.  J.  BID  WELL. 

R.  H.  Farquhar,  the  union  candidate  for  clerk  of  the  supreme 
court,  was  killed  at  Nevada  City  on  July  27th,  by  the  explosion  of 
gas  in  the  record  vault  in  the  court  house,  and  on  August  4th  the 
state  central  committee  nominated  E.  G.  Waite  for  that  office ;  and, 
on  the  next  day,  the  republican  committee  ratified  the  nomination. 
On  the  same  day  the  latter  committee  tendered  the  nomination  for 
governor  to  Caleb  T.  Fay  (in  place  of  Bidwell),  and  on  the  6th  he 
published  a  lengthy  letter  of  acceptance.  The  republican  committee 
construed  BidwelPs  letter  to  Swezy  as  placing  him  in  a  hostile  atti- 
tude toward  the  revised  ticket,  and  unanimously  resolved  to  accept 
the  document  as  a  withdrawal. 

The  democratic  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco  on  April 
19th,  and  called  a  state  convention,  to  consist  of  273  delegates,  to 
meet  in  that  city  on  June  19th.  The  test  adopted  included  all 
voters  who  \vere  opposed  to  the  radical  policy  of  congress,  and  who 
were  in  favor  of  a  constitutional  administration  of  the  government. 
At  the  time  appointed  the  convention  assembled  in  Turn  Verein  hall, 
on  Bush  street,  and  was  called  to  order  by  James  0.  Goods,  chair- 
man of  the  state  committee.  Eugene  Casserly  was  unanimously 
elected  temporary  chairman,  John  Bigler  declining  the  nomination. 
On  permanent  organization,  Casserly  was  president ;  and  J.  P.  Hoge, 
J.  W.  Coffroth,  James  Johnson,  A.  C.  Adams,  John  C.  Burch,  A.  G. 
Stakes,  James  A.  Johnson,  E.  D.  Keyes  and  others,  vice-presidents. 


jl 

264       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted- of  J.  P.  Hoge,  A.  C.  Brad- 
ford, E.  D.  Keyes,  Thomas  Findley,  W.  W.  Cope,  P.  B.  Reading, 
A.  H.  Rose,  E.  T.  Wilkins,  and  H.  P.  I  rber.  On  the  20th,  the 
convention  met  at  Union  hall,  and  adopted  tXc.  "allowing  resolutions: 

1.  That  the  government  of  the  United  States  is  the  paramount 
government  of  the  country,  and   that  the  allegiance  due  from  the 
citizens  to  such   government  is  a  binding  and  perpetual  obligation, 
to  be  observed  with  fidelity  and  good  faith. 

2.  That  the  questions  involved  in   the  late  rebellion  have  been 
practically  settled  by  the  war,  and  it  is  the  duty  of  all  to  acquiesce 
in  this  settlement  and  endeavor  to  restore  friendly  relations  between 
the  different  sections  of  the  country  and   re-establish   the  govern- 
ment in  its  constitutional  authority  throughout  the  union. 

3.  That,  in  order  that  our  national   difficulties   may  be  speedily 
adjusted   and  the  union  restored  on  a   permanent   and   satisfactory 
basis,  the  states  lately  in  rebellion  should   be  dealt  with  in  a  spirit 
of  kindness  and  forbearance,  and  we  regard  the  course  of  congress, 
in  what  are  known  as  the  reconstruction  measures  of  that  body,  as 
harsh,  illiberal,  and  oppressive,  and  more  likely  to  result  in  a  hollow 

r .        truce  than  enduring  peace 

4.  That  the  only  way  in  which  peace  and  concord  can  be  re-estab- 
lished is  by  conforming  to  the  requirements  of  the  constitution  and 
defeating  the  radical   party,  who  spurn  its  provisions  and   imperil 
the  union  by  their  mad  and  seditious  course. 

5.  That  to  effect  this  object  we  solemnly  pledge  our  best  and  most 
untiring  efforts,  that  the  accomplishing  of  this  end  is  the  one  grand 
question  now  pending,  transcending  all  others  in  importance,  and 
that  the  present  imminent  perils  of  the  country  demand  the  union 
of  all  conservative  hearts  and  hands,  irrespective  of  former  or  pres- 
ent party  names,  in  a  vigorous  effort  to  maintain  the  federal  consti- 
tution in  its  integrity  and  secure  its  operation  according  to  the  spirit 
and  intent  of  its  founders. 

6.  That  the  scheme  of  reducing  a  portion  of  the  United  States  to 
territories,  and  stripping  them  of  the  rights  enjoyed  from  the  found- 
ation of  the  government,   is  so  absolutely  opposed,  not  only  to  the 
dearest  provisions  of  the  federal  constitution,  but  to  any  sound  idea 
of    practical  statesmanship,   so  dangerous   as  a    precedent  and  so 
thoroughly  antagonistic   to  those   principles  of  reserved  rights  and 
local  self  government  which  underlie  our  republican  system,  that  it 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  265 

is  the  duty  of  the  people  of  California,  without  distinction  of  party, 
to  set  upon  those  measures  the  seal  of  their  condemnation. 

7.  That  we  believe  it  impracticable  to  maintain  republican  insti-     . 
tutions   based  upon  the  suffrages  of  negroes,  Chinese,  and   Indians, 
and  that  the  doctrines  avowed  by  the  radical  leaders  of  indiscrim- 
inate  suffrage,  regardless  of  race,   color,  or  qualification,  if  carried 
into   practice,  would   end   in  the  degradation  of  the  white  race  and 
the  speedy  destruction  of  the,  government. 

8.  That  we  regard  the  right  to  regulate  suffrage  as  belonging  ex- 
clusively to  the  several  states  of  this  union. 

9.  That  the  payment  of  the  public  debt  is  a  solemn  duty  resting 
upon  the  government,  and  that  the  people  should  cheerfully  submit 
to  any  just  system  of  taxation   necessary  to  enable  the  government 
to  discharge  this  duty  ;  but  no  tax  should  be  levied  except  to  meet 
the  necessary  expenses  of  the  government  and  sustain  the  public 
credit. 

10.  That  all   taxation  should  be  equal  and   uniform,  and  the  ex- 
penses of  the  government  should  be  reduced  to  the  smallest  amount 
consistent  with  the  proper  administration  of  public  affairs. 

11.  That  in  view  of  the  enormous  weight  of  state  and   national 
taxation,  it  is  imperatively  necessary  to  prevent  any  increase  of  the 
state  debt,  and  to  reduce  our  state  and  county  expenses  to  the  low- 
est standard  compatible  with  good  government ;  that  we  regard  with 
serious  apprehension  the  schemes  which  unprincipled   men  are  now 
maturing  for  the  people  by  corrupt  legislation,  and  we  hold  it  to  be 
the  duty  of  all  good  citizens  to  defeat  the  political  schemers  who, 
under  the  thin  disguise  of  professed   loyalty,  are  seeking  an  oppor- 
tunity to  deplete  the  public  treasury  and  add  to  the  burdens  of  tax- 
ation. 

12.  That  the  money  and   property  of  the  public  should   be  used 
for  the  public  good  and  not  wasted  in  reckless  appropriations  and 
private  grants. 

13.  That  the  power  to  regulate  foreign  immigration  being  vested 
in  congress,  it  is  the  duty  of  that  body  to  protect  the  Pacific  states 
and   territories   from  an  undue  influx  of  Chinese  and   Mongolians, 
and  it  is  the  duty  of  the   legislature  of  this  state   to  petition  con- 
gress to  endeavor  to  obtain  the  adoption  of  such  regulations  as  shall 
accomplish  this  object,  and  the  legislature  should  use  all   its  power 
to  prevent  the  introduction  of  Mongolian  laborers. 

14.  That  labor  is  the  basis  of  all  material  prosperity  and  the  cre- 
ator of  wealth,  and   that  its  interests  should   always  be  favorably 


266       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

regarded  by  the  legislature ;  that  the  laborer  should  have  time  for 
mental  and  moral  culture  and  for  healthful  recreation.  We  there- 
fore heartily  sympathise  with  the  laboring  classes  in  their  endeavors 
to  reduce  the  legal  standard  of  a  day's  labor,  and  declare  ourselves 
in  favor  of  making  eight  hours  a  legal  day's  work,  in  the  absence  of 
any  agreement  to  the  contrary. 

15.  That  the  industrial  interests  of  the  country  should  be  care- 
fully guarded  and   nourished,  and_  every  effort  made  to  improve  the 
condition  and   protect  the  rights  of  the  laboring  classes  will  receive 
our  hearty  support. 

16.  That  we  regard  the. act  known  as  the  "Registry  Law"  of  this 
state  as  unjust,  oppressive,  and  tyranical,  calculated  to  defeat  the 
rights  of  the  honest  voters  of  the  country,  and   should   be  immedi- 
ately and  unconditionally  repealed. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  : 

Henry  H.  Haight,  for  governor,  without  opposition ;  Gen.  W.  S. 
Rosecrans  and  William  M.  Lent  withdrawing. 

William  Holden  for  lieutenant-governor,  without  opposition;  Wil- 
liam Irwin  withdrawing. 

H.  L.  Nichols  for  secretary  of  state,  without  opposition ;  J.  A. 
McClelland  withdrawing. 

Robert  Watt  for  controller,  without  opposition ;  Paul  K.  Hubbs 
and  Jesse  H.  Craddock  withdrawing. 

Antonio  F.  Coronel  for  treasurer,  without  opposition  ;  Joseph  Rob- 
erts, Jr.,  withdrawing. 

John  W.  Bost  for  surveyor-general,  without  opposition ;  C.  D. 
Semple,  A.  G.  Winn,  and  E.  Twitchell  withdrawing. 

Jo  Hamilton  for  attorney-general,  without  opposition. 

Thomas  H.  Selby  for  harbor  commissioner,  without  opposition  ; 
James  H.  Cutter,  James  C.  Pennie,  Thomas  Boice,  Charles  McMil- 
lan, and  Charles  F.  McDermott  withdrawing.  (Selby,  on  the  25th, 
declined  the  nomination,  and  J.  H.  Cutter  was  substituted  by  the 
state  committee). 

George  Seckel  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  without  opposition ; 
S.  L.  Lupton  withdrawing. 

Daniel  W.  Gel  wicks  for  printer,  without  opposition;  P.  B.  Fors- 
ter,  T.  L.  Thompson,  David  Norris,  W.  S.  Moss,  John  R.  Ridge,  and 
M.  D.  Carr  withdrawing. 

O.  P.   Fitzgerald  for  school  superintendent,  without  opposition. 

Royal   T.    Sprague  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first 


RESULT  OF  STATE  ELECTION.  267 

ballot,  over  William  T.  Wallace ;  J.  B.  Crockett  and  Eugene  Cas- 
serly  withdrawing. 

On  the  21st  a  state  committee  was  selected,  composed  of  T.  J. 
Henley,  William  F.  White,  William  Watt,  Selden  S.  Wright,  D.  F, 
Douglass,  John  Daggett,  P.  B.  Reading,  E.  T.  Wilkins,  A.  H.  Rose, 
C.  J.  Brenham,  J.  W.  Roberts,  S.  T.  Leet,  John  Bigler,  H.  H. 
Hartley,  J.  W.  Coffroth,  Eugene  Casserly,  J.  P.  Hoge,  J.  H.  Bairdr 
John  Middleton,  T.  N.  Cazneau,  G.  H.  Rogers,  J.  0.  Goods,  and 
others. 

The  first  district  democratic  convention  met  immediately  after 
the  adjournment  of  the  state  convention.  S.  B.  Axtell  was  nomi- 
inated  for  congressman,  on  the  second  ballot,  over  0.  T.  Ryland ; 
Murray  Morrison,  W.  S.  Montgomery,  Edward  Stanly,  and  E.  S. 
Tully  withdrawing. 

The  second  district  democratic  convention  met  at  the  same  time^ 
and  nominated  James  W.  Coffroth  for  congressman,  without  oppo- 
sition ;  A.  H.  Rose  and  J.  B.  Crockett  withdrawing. 

The  third  district  democratic  convention  also  met  on  the  21st  and 
nominated  James  A.  Johnson  for  congressman,  without  opposition ;. 
W.  W.  Pendegast  withdrawing. 

The  campaign  which  followed  was  vigorously  prosecuted  by  the 
three  parties,  the  independent  press  keeping  up  a  persistent  fire  at 
Gorham  and  his  ostracised  associates  on  the  union  ticket.  The  elec- 
tion was  held  on  September  4,  and  the  union  party  met  with 
its  first  defeat  in  the  state  since  the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  The 
result  was  the  election  of  the  entire  democratic  ticket,  and  the  offi- 
cial canvass  exhibited  the  following  result : 

For  Governor— Haight,  49,905  ;  Gorham,  40,359  ;  Fay,  2,088. 
Lieutenant-Governor — Holden,  47,969  ;  Jones,  44,584. 
Secretary  of  State— Nichols,  48,573;  Parks,  41,663;  Nickerson, 
2,019. 

Controller— Watt,  48,841;  Howell,  41,887;  Jones,  2,001. 

Treasurer — Coronel,  48,147;  Pacheco,  45,243. 

A ttorney-General— Hamilton,  48,268;  McCullough,  44,876. 

'Surveyor-General— Bost,  48,047  ;  Reed,  45,039. 

Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court— Seckel,  48,237;  Waite,  44,894. 

Harbor  Commissioner — Cutter,  48,155;  Clayton,  44,853. 

Printer—  Gelwicks,  48,378;  McCarthy,  39,072;  Jefferis,  4,452. 


•268  •    POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Congressman:  First  District— Axtell,   18,793;    Phelps,    13,989. 

Second  District— Coffroth,  14,786;  Higby,  16,053. 

Third  District— Johnson,  14,767;  Hartson,  14,394. 

The  judicial  election  was  held  on  October  16th,  and  both  of  the 
democratic  candidates  were  elected. 

For  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court — Sprague,  38,113;  Currey, 
34,706. 

For    Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction — Fitzgerald,  37,074 
-Swett,  35,479. 

CHAPTER  XX. 

1868.  Reconstruction  Measures— Impeachment  of  President  John- 
son— Republican  Convention,  January  28th — Democratic  Conven- 
tion— Republican  Convention,  June  25th. 

On  December  14,"  1867,  George  Pearce  (democrat)  offered  the  follow- 
ing resolution  in  the  senate,  and  it  was  referred  to  the  committee  on 
federal  relations  : 

That  it  is  the  sense  and  judgment  of  the  people  of  California  that 
the  whole  people  of  the  United  States  owe  it  to  themselves  and  pos- 
terity, as  a  sacred  duty,  to  resist,  by  all  honorable  means,  every 
effort  and  attempt  to  count  an  electoral  vote  of  any  state  in  the  ap- 
proaching presidential  election  cast  under  or  by  virtue  of  the  recon- 
struction acts  (so  called)  of  congress. 

On  March  20th,  the  committee  recommended  the  indefinite  post- 
ponement of  the  resolution,  but  it  was  never  reached  on  file. 

On  December  16,  1867,  John  M.  James  (democrat)  introduced  a 
resolution  in  the  assembly  to  direct  the  congressional  representatives 
"to  use  their  exertions  and  all  honorable  means  to  restore  the  ten 
southern  states,  now  governed  by  the  military,  to  the  same  and  equal 
constitutional  rights  with  all  the  other  states." 

W.  S.  Green  (democrat)  offered  the  following,  and  both  resolutions 
were  referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  relations,  but  were  never 
reported  back  : 

WHEREAS,  Some  of  our  sister  states,  by  their  members  of  con- 
gress, claim  the  right  to  establish  despotic  military  governments 
within  the  territory  of  ten  of  the  states  of  this  union,  and  to  per- 
mit the  negroes  of  those  states  not  only  to  enact  laws  for  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  white  population,  but  to  send  members  to  congress, 
and  to  participate  in  the  election  of  president ;  therefore  resolved, 


RECONSTRUCTION  MEASURES.  269* 

1.  That  such   military  governments  are  totally  inconsistent  with 
our  free  institutions  and  destructive  of  civil  liberty. 

2.  That  the  negroes  of  the  south  are  now  incapable  of  self  govern- 
ment, and  therefore  it  would  be  unsafe  and  unwise  to  intrust  them 
with  political  power  or  social  equality. 

3.  That  the  action  of    congress    in  establishing  pretended  state 
governments  in  the  said  ten  states,  wherein  the  whites  are  disfran- 
chised and  the  negroes  enfranchised,  is  unconstitutional  and  void. 

4.  That  the  people  of  California  will  not  recognize  any  state  gov- 
ernment established  by  force,  nor  members  of  congress,  nor  presiden- 
tial electors  elected  therein. 

5.  That  copies  of  these  resolutions  be  transmitted  by  the  governor 
to  the  president  of  the  United  States,  to  our  senators  and  represent- 
atives in  congress,  and  to  the  governors  of  all  our  sister  states  not 
controlled  by  military  power. 

On  December  17,  1867,  Charles  Westmoreland  (union)  offered 
the  following  resolution  in  the  assembly,  which  was  laid  on  the  table 

That  the  recent  elections  in  California  and  other  states,  resulting 
as  they  did  in  victories  to  the  democratic  party  in  some  of  the  said 
states,  and  in  an  increase  of  the  party  vote  in  nearly  all,  is  not  in 
any  way  to  be  regarded  as  an  indorsement  of  the  doctrine  of  seces- 
sion, nor  as  a  rebuke  to  the  conduct  or  result  of  the  late  civil  war; 
but  that,  on  the  contrary,  the  said  doctrine  of  secession  is  a  perni- 
cious heresy,  unfounded  in  law,  and  the  civil  war  named  was  main- 
tained by  the  adhering  of  loyal  states  and  people  in  strict  response 
to  the  duties  and  instinct  of  patriotism. 

The  next  day  the  resolution  was  taken  from  the  table,  when  T.  E. 
Farish  (democrat)  moved  to  amend  by  striking  out  the  word  "seces- 
sion" wherever  it  occurred,  and  inserting  "military  reconstruction, 
Chinese  and  negro  suffrage."  After  a  discussion,  the  resolution  and 
substitute  were  referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  relations,  and 
it  was  not  reported  back  until  the  last  day  of  the  session,  when  it 
was  not  considered.  On  December  19th,  the  house  adopted  a  reso- 
lution that  all  motions  and  resolutions  pertaining  to  the  policy  of 
the  federal  government  toward  the  late  confederate  states  and  the 
people  thereof,  and  to  theories  of  reconstruction  and  suffrage 
therein,  should  be  referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  relations 
without  debate. 

On  January  9,  1868,  A.  H.  Rose  (democrat)  offered  the  following 
resolution  in  the  senate,  which  was  referred  to  the  judiciary  com- 


•270      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

mittee,  a  previous  motion  to  refer  it  to  the  committee  on  federal 
relations  having  been  defeated  by  the  casting  vote  of  the  president  : 

1.  That  the  people  of  California   are   irreconcilably  opposed  to 
conferring  the  elective  franchise  upon  negroes  or  Chinese;  that  con- 
gress has  no  constitutional  power  to  regulate  the  elective  franchise 
in  the  states  of  Virginia,    North  Carolina,    South  Carolina,  Georgia, 
Florida,  Alabama,   Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Texas,  Arkansas,  or  any 
other  state  or  territory;  that  any  attempt  to  make  such  regulation 
by  congress  is  a  usurpation  of  power  against  which  this  legislature, 
in  the  name  of  the  people  of  California,  doth  solemnly  protest. 

2,  That  our  senators  in  congress  are  instructed   and  our  repre- 
sentatives requested  to  oppose  and  vote  against  all  legislative  action 
purporting  to  confer  the  elective  franchise  upon  negroes  or  Chinese, 
and  to  vote  for  the  repeal  of  all  legislation  of  that  character. 

On  March  27th  the  committee  reported  the  resolution  back  among 
a  mass  of  other  business  which  had  not  been  considered,  and  it  was 
never  afterward  acted  on  by  the  senate. 

On  January  llth,  Rose  offered  the  following  resolution  in  the 
senate,  and  it  was  referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  relations : 

WHEREAS,  The  people  of  California  having,  in  common  with 
people  of  other  states,  and  without  distinction  of  party,  declared 
their  unalterable  devotion  to  the  federal  union,  and  their  conviction 
that  the  late  war  extinguished  and  settled  forever  all  claims  to  the 
right  of  secession ;  therefore,  resolved, 

That,  there  being  no  difference  of  opinion  between  the  people  of 
California  concerning  the  right  of  states  to  secede- from  the  union, 
any  discussion  of  that  subject  by  this  legislature  is  wholly  unnec- 
essary and  improper. 

The  committee,  on  March  20th,  reported  against  the  resolution, 
and  it  was  never  reached  on  file. 

On  January  17th,  Pearce  offered  the  following  resolution  in  the 
senate,  which  was  referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  relations 
by  a  vote  of  17  to  15  : 

That  the  refusal  of  congress  to  admit  to  seats  members  elected  to 
that  body  by  the  state  of  Kentucky,  without  any  constitutional  ob- 
jection to  their  eligibility,  is  viewed  with  deep  regret  and  anxiety, 
and  is  regarded  by  the  people  of  California  as  wholly  injurious  and 
unjust,  and  exceedingly  dangerous  and  revolutionary  ;  also,  that  the 
action  of  the  United  States  senate  in  attempting  to  force  ex-Secre- 


RECONSTRUCTION  MEASURES.  271 

tary  Stanton  into  the  cabinet  of  constitutional  advisors  of  the  pres- 
ident, against  the  expressed  wish  and  desire  of  that  high  functionary 
of  the  government,  is  equally  injurious,  dangerous  and  revolution- 
ary, and  tends  to  destroy  the  usefulness  of  the  executive  branch  of 
the  government. 

This  also  met  with  an  unfavorable  report  from  the  committee,  on 
March  20th,  and  was  not  afterward  considered  by  the  senate. 

The  disagreement  between  the  president  and  congress,  which  cul- 
minated in  the  passing  of  a  resolution  of  impeachment  of  the  chief 
magistrate  of  the  United  States,  on  February  24th,  by  the  house  of 
representatives,  attracted  a  great  share  of  public  attention  in  Cali- 
fornia, and  gave  rise  to  many  animated  debates  in  the  legislature. 
On  February  20th,  J.  H.  Moore  (democrat)  offered  the  following  in  . 
the  assembly,  which  was  referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  rela- 
tions : 

WHEREAS,  Measures  are  now  pending  before  congress,  the  declared 
purpose  of  which  is  to  extinguish  ten  states  of  the  union,  and  estab 
lish  in  their  stead  a  military  dictatorship,  in  which  the  civil  laws 
and  public  and  personal  liberty  are  to  exist  only  at  the  pleasure  of 
the  military  power;  and  whereas,  the  attempt  is  made  to  complete 
the  scheme  of  usurpation  by  the  degradation  and  subjection  of  the 
federal  judiciary  to  the  arbitrary  will  of  a  congressional  majority  ; 
therefore,  be  it  resolved : 

1.  That  the  representatives  of  California,  now  assembled,  reflecting 
the  will  of  the  people  of  the  state,  in  obedience  to  their  oaths  to 
support  the  constitution,  hereby  pronounce  these  acts  of  usurpation 
treasonable,  flagatious,  and  a  crime  against  liberty  and  against  the 
institutions  of  our  fathers. 

2.  That  our  senators  in  congress  be  instructed  and  our  represent- 
atives requested   not  only  to  vote  against  such  measures,  but  to  op- 
pose and  endeavor  to  defeat  them  by  all  the  means  in  their  power. 

The  resolution  was  reported  back  on  the  last  day  of  the  session, 
without  recommendation,  and  it  was  not  considered  by  the  house. 

On  February  25th,  Senator  W.  J.  Shaw  (democrat)  introduced  the 
following,  which  was  referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  relations, 
by  a  vote  of  11  to  10  : 

That  we  view  the  recent  action  of  members  of  congress  seeking 
to  force  one  of  the  bureaus  of  the  executive  department  of  the 
United  States  government  from  the  control  of  the  chief  executive 


272       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

thereof,  as  inadvisable  and  as  revolutionary  in  its  tendencies ;  and 
that  our  senators  in  congress  are  instructed  and  our  representatives 
requested  not  to  encourage,  assist  or  advise  said  proceeding. 

On  March  20th,  the  committee  recommended  its  indefinite  post- 
ponement, and  it  was  never  reached  on  the  file. 

On  February  25th,  Westmoreland  offered  the  following  in  the 
assembly,  which  was  referred  to  the  committee  on  federal  relations, 
the  house  refusing  to  suspend  the  rules  for  the  purpose  of  an  imme- 
diate consideration  of  the  resolution,  by  a  vote  of  17  to  31  : 

1.  That  congress  is  the  supreme  law-making  power  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  and  that  laws  passed  by  such  congress  are  bind- 
ing upon  every  citizen  and  officer  thereof,  from  the  highest  to  the 
lowest,  until  repealed  or  set  aside  by  competent  lawful  authority. 

2.  That  the  course  of  the  acting  president  of  the  United  States, 
Andrew  Johnson,  in  removing  Edwin  M.  Stanton  from  the  place  of 
secretary  of  war  of  the  United  States,  as  well  as  the  course  of  that 
functionary — Andrew    Johnson — in    appointing    General    Lorenzo 
Thomas  to  the  place  or  position  named,  are  in  direct,  flagrant  and 
undenied  violation  of  the  letter  and  spirit  of  the  law  of  congress 
then  and  now  in  force,  known  as  the  tenure  of  office  act. 

3.  That  California  disavows  and  denounces  the  said  action  of  said 
acting  president,  Andrew  Johnson,  in  the  matter  named  herein  as  a 
gross  and  palpable  violation  of  the  laws  of  the  nation,  and  an  insult 
to  its  citizens,  whose  rights  and  privileges  are  destroyed  thereby. 

4.  That  the  principles  here  announced  the  state  of  California  will 
forever  maintain  and  defend  by  all  methods  adequate  to  secure  their 
supremacy. 

The  committee  reported  the  resolutions  back  without  recommenda- 
tion on  the  last  day  of  the  session,  and  they  were  never  considered 
in  the  house.  On  the  same  day,  Asa  Ellis  (democrat)  offered  the 
following  in  the  assembly  : 

WHEREAS,  The  radical  majority  of  the  congress  of  the  United 
States  are  treasonably  attempting  fco  usurp  the  constitutional  func- 
tions of  the  executive  and  judicial  departments  of  the  federal  gov- 
ernment, and  to  that  end  are  endeavoring,  in  defiance  of  the  laws 
and  the  traditions  of  our  country,  by  violence,  to  remove  from  office 
the  president  of  the  United  States ;  therefore,  be  it  resolved  by  the 
assembly  of  the  state  of  California  : 

1.  That  the  people  of  this  state   will  now,  as  they  have  in  the 


RECONSTRUCTION  MEASURES.  273 

past,  bear  true  faith  and  fealty  to  the  government  of  our  fathers ; 
that  by  all  legal  and  just  means  they  will  sustain  the  president  of 
the  United  States  in  the  complete  discharge  of  his  duties. 

2.  That  we  urge  the  president  of  the  United  States,  in  the  name 
of  our  people — the  freemen  of   the  state  of  California — and  in  the 
name  and  in  the  behalf  of  the  cause  of  constitutional  liberty,  to  be 
firm  and  unbending  in  the  maintenance  of  the  rights  of  the  execu- 
tive department  of  the  government,  and  to  that  end  we  pledge  him 
our  undivided  support. 

3.  That  the  radical  majority  in  the  congress  of  the  United  States 
have  trampled  upon  and  disregarded  the  great  interests  of  the  people, 
and  instead  of  legislating  to  relieve  the  people  from  the  burden  of 
taxation,  under  which  the  entire  industry  of  the  country  is  suffering, 
are  bending  their  united  efforts  to  involve  the  country  in  the  vortex 
of  civil  war,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  the  assembly  of  the  state  of  Cali- 
fornia, have  proved  themselves  unworthy  alike  of  the  high  positions 
they  now  occupy  and  of  the  confidence  of  the  people. 

4.  That  his  excellency  the  governor  be  directed  to  send,  telegraph- 
ically, a  copy  of  the  above  resolutions  to  his  excellency  the  president 
of  the  United  States,  Andrew  Johnson. 

The  speaker  pro  tern.,  A.  J.  Batchelder  (union),  decided  that  the 
resolutions  were  out  of  order,  as  they  purported  to  give  expression 
to  the  opinion  of  the  assembly  alone  upon  leading  national  questions, 
but  this  decision  was  not  sustained  by  the  house,  by  a  vote  of  10  to 
38.  A  motion  was  carried  to  suspend  the  rules  for  the  immediate 
consideration  of  the  resolutions,  when  Paschal  Coggins  (union)  offered 
the  following  substitute : 

WHEREAS,  The  law-making  power  of  the  federal  government  is  by 
the  constitution  exclusively  vested  in  the  congress  of  the  United 
States;  and  whereas,  repeated  and  flagrant  attempts  have  been 
made  by  President  Andrew  Johnson  to  embarrass  and  overawe  con- 
gress in  the  exercise  of  this  power,  and  to  violate  laws  constitution- 
ally passed  by  that  body;  and  whereas,  the  president  has  persistently 
opposed  all  efforts  on  the  part  of  congress  to  reconstruct  the  govern- 
ments of  the  southern  states  on  a  basis  consistent  with  the  issues 
determined  and  settled  by  the  war;  and  whereas,  the  constitutional 
power  of  congress  to  create  and  regulate  the  office  of  secretary  of 
war  and  other  cabinet  officers  has  never  heretofore  been  denied;  and 
whereas,  the  president  has  attempted  to  remove  from  that  office  the 
present  incumbent,  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  during  the  session  of  the 

18 


274       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

senate,  in  open  and  direct  violation  of  the  tenure  of  office  act;  there- 
fore, resolved  : 

1.  That  in  the  opinion  of  the  assembly,  the  present  unlawful  at- 
tempt of  the  president  to  remove  the  secretary  of  war  is  deliberately 
designed  by  him  to  re-inaugurate  civil  war  for  the  purpose  of  over- 
throwing our  republican  foroi  of  government,  and  for  the  re-establish- 
ment of  American  slavery,  the  relic  of  barbarism  recently  abolished 
by  the  conquest  of  arms,  by  presidential  proclamation,  and   by  an 
amendment  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States. 

2.  That  we  regard  the  act  of  the  president  in  attempting  to  re- 
move the  secretary  of  war,  as  a  high  crime  and   misdemeanor,  for 
which  he  should  at  once  be  impeached  by  congress. 

The  previous  question  was  ordered,  and  the  substitute  was  lost  by 
a  vote  of  18  to  30.  The  original  resolutions  were  then  adopted  by  a 
vote  of  32  to  18.  The  house  immediately  adjourned,  before  notice  of 
a  reconsideration  could  be  given. 

On  February  27th,  E.  H.  Heacock  (union)  introduced  in  the  sen- 
ate a  series  of  resolutions,  the  first  three  of  which  were  identical 
with  resolutions  1,  2,  and  3,  offered  in  the  assembly  by  Westmore- 
land on  the  25th,  and  with  the  following  in  addition: 

4.  That  his  excellency,  the  governor,  be  directed  to  telegraph  a 
copy  of  the  above  resolutions  to  Hon.  Benjamin  F.  Wade,  president 
of  the  senate,  and  the  Hon.  Schuyler  Colfax,  speaker  of  the  house  of 
representatives  of  the  congress  of  the  United  States. 

The  senate  refused  to  postpone  the  special  order  for  the  consider- 
ation of  the  resolutions,  and  on  the  next  day  Heacock  offered  the 
following  in  place  of  the  series  which  he  had  offered  on  the  27th : 

1.  Resolved,  by  the  Senate  of  California,  That  congress  is  the 
supreme  political   and   law-making  power  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  and  that   laws  passed  by  such  congress  are  binding  upon 
every  officer  and  citizen  thereof,  from  the  highest  to  the  lowest,  until 
repealed  or  set  aside  by  competent  legal  authority. 

2.  That  the  course  of  the  president  of  the  United  States,  Andrew 
Johnson,  in  removing  Edwin  M.  Stanton  from  the  position  of  secre- 
tary of  war  of  the  United  States,  and  in  appointing  General  Lorenzo 
Thomas  to  such  position,  is  in  direct  and  flagrant  violation  of  the 
letter  and  spirit  of  the  law  of  congress,  then  and  now  in  force,  known 
as  the  "  tenure  of  office  act." 

3.  That  we  deem    such  removal  and    appointment  as   sufficient 


RESOLUTIONS  ON  IMPEACHMENT.  275 

cause  of  impeachment  of  the  president,  such  removal  and  appoint- 
ment being  declared  by  said  act  to  be  a  "high  misdemeanor." 

4.  That  his  excellency  the  governor  be  directed  to  send  by  tele- 
graph a  copy  of  the  above  resolutions  to  the  Hon.  Benjamin  F. 
Wade,  president  of  the  senate,  and  Hon.  Schuyler  Oolfax,  speaker  of 
the  house  of  representatives  of  the  congress  of  the  United  States. 

D.  L.  Morrill  (democrat)  offered  the  following  as  an  amendment : 

Provided,  nevertheless,  that  as  a  total  disavowal  of  the  princi- 
ples embodied  in  the  foregoing  resolutions  was  expressed  by  the 
people  of  California  at  the  last  general  election,  their  adoption  by 
this  senate  cannot  in  any  manner  be  construed  as  reflecting  the 
sentiments  of  the  people  of  the  state. 

J.  W.  Mandeville  (democrat)  raised  the  point  of  order,  that  sim- 
ilar resolutions  were  already  before  the  senate  undisposed  of,  and 
thereupon  the  president  ruled  that  the  resolutions  were  out  of  order, 
but  the  senate  failed  to  sustain  the  ruling.  After  a  debate,  and 
several  roll-calls  on  collateral  questions,  the  Morrill  amendment  was 
rejected,  and  the  resolutions  were  adopted  by  a  vote  of  7  to  12.  On 
the  29th,  a  motion  to  reconsider  was  m«de  immediately  on  the  open- 
ing of  the  session,  and  the  entire  day  and  evening  was  spent  in  the 
discussion  of  the  questions  which  arose.  On  March  2d,  the  debate 
was  resumed,  and  the  senate  refused  to  reconsider,  by  a  vote  of  12 
to  15.  Pending  the  discussion  on  the  second,  Maclay  offered  the 
following  as  a  substitute,  which,  being  declared  out  of  order,  were 
recommitted  to  him  to  be  drawn  up  in  the  form  of  a  protest  on 
behalf  of  the  democratic  senators  : 

WHEREAS,  The  pending  impeachment  of  the  president  is  a  pro- 
ceeding of  the  most  profound  concern  to  the  whole  people  of  the 
United  States,  involving  in  its  consequences  the  very  existence  of 
the  government,  and  the  perpetuity  of  free  institutions ;  and  whereas, 
the  impeachment,  conviction,  and  removal  of  the  president  from 
office  on  the  charge  of  having  violated,  or  attempting  to  violate  the 
provisions  of  the  "tenure  of  office  act>"  before  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States  shall  have  first  decided  that  congress  had  the  con- 
stitutional power  to  pass  the  said  act,  would  be  a  measure  not  only  of 
folly  and  of  injustice  and  wrong  to  the  president,  for  which  no  adequate 
atonement  could  be  offered,  but  entail  great  reproach  and  odium  on 
both  congress  and  the  country;  therefore,  resolved, 

1.  That,  influenced  by  a  sincere  desire  to  preserve  the  peace,  the 


276      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

honor,  and  the  dignity  of  our  common  country,  that  to  this  end  for 
the  present  ignoring  all  questions  of  right  and  wrong,  of  constitu- 
tional law,  and  justice,  as  between  the  president  and  congress,  we 
solemnly  appeal  to  that  honorable  body  to  arrest  at  once  all  further 
proceedings  touching  the  matter  of  impeachment  until  the  supreme 
court  shall  have  decided  whether,  in  point  of  fact  and  of  law,  there 
is  such  a  statute  as  the  "tenure  of  office  act." 

2.  That  our  representatives  in  the  lower  house  are  hereby  earnestly 
requested  and  our  senators  instructed  to  use  their  influence  and 
cast  their  votes  in  aid  of  the  accomplishment  of  the  purpose  of  these 
resolutions. 

On  March  5th,  Maclay  presented  a  protest  against  the  action  of 
the  senate  in  passing  the  Heacock  resolutions,  but  it  was  subse- 
quently withdrawn.  On  March  4th,  Governor  Haight  transmitted 
a  message  to  the  senate  declining  to  send  the  resolutions  to  Wash 
ington,  and  setting  forth  his  reasons  at  great  length.  A  motion  by 
Shaw  that  the  reasons  expressed  by  the  governor  for  declining  to 
send  the  resolutions  as  requested  be  declared  satisfactory  to  the 
senate,  was  carried  by  the  casting  vote  of  the  president.  On  the 
next  day,  this  vote  was  reconsidered,  when  Heacock  offered  the  fol- 
lowing, which  were  adopted,  by  a  vote  of  20  to  16: 

1.  That  the  reason  given  by  his  excellency  the  governor  in  the 
following  portion  of   his  message,  viz :    "that  body  (meaning  the 
senate  of  the  United  States)  sits  as  a  court  to  try  the  president  upon 
the  charge  presented,  and  any  attempt  to  forestall  the  judgment  of 
that  or  any  other  judicial  tribunal,  before  the  accused  is  heard  in  his 
defence  would  be  indelicate  and  improper,"  for  not  telegraphing  the 
resolutions  referred  to  therein,  be  deemed  and  accepted  by  the  senate 
as  a  sufficient  reason  for  his  refusal  to  telegraph  the  resolutions  to 
the  Hon.  Benjamin  F.  Wade,  president  of  the  senate  of  the  United 
States,  as  directed  by  order  of  the  senate. 

2.  Further,  that  such  reason  does  not  apply  to  that  portion  of  the 
order  of  the  senate  which  directs  him  to  telegraph  the  resolutions  to 
the  Hon.  Schuyler  Colfax,  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives, 
and   that  no  sufficient  reason  or  excuse  is  given  or  shown  in  his 
message  for  a  failure  to  comply  with  such  last-mentioned  portion  of 
t  he  order  of  the  senate ;  therefore,  be  it  further  resolved, 

3.  That  the  resolutions  referred  to  in  the  governor's  message  be 
returned  to  him,  and  that  he  be  respectfully  requested  to  immediately 
telegraph  the  first  three  of  such  resolutions  to  the  Hon.  Schuvler 


AN  ADDRESS   TO  REPUBLICANS.  277 

Colfax,  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  the  congress  of 
the  United  States. 

On  January  28th,  an  address  was  issued,  which  had  been  adopted 
on  the  25th,  at  a  meeting  of  the  republican  central  club  of  San 
Francisco.  It  was  addressed  to  the  republicans  of  California,  and 
urged  them  to  at  once  organize  clubs  in  harmony  with  that  club 
with  a  view  of  facilitating  the  selection  of  delegates  to  the  state 
convention  which  was  to  be  called  by  the  republican  state  committee 
to  select  delegates  to  attend  the  national  convention,  to  be  held  in 
Chicago,  in  May.  After  urging  the  importance  of  selecting  able 
and  honest  representatives,  the  address  recited  : 

Republicans,  friends — all  who  believe  in  the  principles  enunciated 
by  the  great  national  republican  party:  We  cordially  invite  you  to 
join  with  us  in  our  efforts  to  again  place  ourselves  upon  the  platform 
of  our  distinctive  organization,  that  we  may  wisely  profit  by  the 
disastrous  results  of  the  late  political  campaign  and  steer  clear  .of 
the  rocks  upon  which  the  late  union  party  of  this  state  was  wrecked 
by  a  clique  of  selfish  schemers  who  were  thrust  upon  us  during  the 
rebellion,  and  who  introduced  and  obtained  control  of  the  organiza- 
tion by  the  introduction  of  a  system  of  tactics  worthy  only  of  our 
democratic  opponents  in  their  days  of  darkest  degradation.  The 
frauds  through  which  the  nominations  of  the  union  party  were 
obtained  are  fresh  in  the  minds  of  all,  and  the  perpetrators  are 
justly  branded  by  your  emphatic  condemnation.  We  are  now 
called  upon  again  to  meet  the  same  influences,  manipulated  by  the 
same  class  who  led  the  union  party  into  disgraceful  defeat  and 
buried  it  with  themselves  in  hopeless  oblivion.  Let  us  not  allow 
ourselves  again  to  be  led  by  scheming  without  honesty,  policy  with- 
out principle,  or  ambition  without  wisdom.  There  can  be  but  two 
national  parties  in  the  coming  contest :  the  one  known  as  republican  ; 
the  other  democratic.  The  one  upholds  the  principles  that  carried  us 
safely  through  the  war;  the  other  struggles  to  overturn  them.  Clad 
in  our  political  armor,  let  us  do  battle  for  the  living  issues  of  the 
republican  party,  with  all  its  wisdom,  strength  and  prestige,  its 
renown,  its  honored  scars  received  in  fierce  contest  in  forum  and  on 
bloody  fields  for  liberty  and  justice ;  and,  finally,  its  full  and  com- 
plete triumph  over  ignorance,  barbarism,  human  degradation,  false 
opinions,  and  vaulting  ambition, 


278      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  republican  state  committee  of  1867,  however,  did  not  issue  a 
call  for  a  convention,  and  the  movement  to  infuse  life  into  the  party 
was  signally  unsuccessful. 

On  February  24th,  a  meeting  of  the  union  state  central  committee 
was  held  at  San  Francisco,  and  a  state  convention  to  choose  delegates 
to  attend  the  national  republican  convention  to  be  held  in  Chicago, 
on  May  20th,  was  called  to  convene  at  Sacramento,  on  March  31st. 
The  committee  recommended  that  the  primaries  be  held  under  the 
primary  election  law,  and  adopted  a  test  to  include  all  legal  voters 
who  would  pledge  themselves  to  support  the  national  ticket.  The 
following  resolution  was  also  adopted  : 

That  the  union  state  central  committee  earnestly  urge  upon  all 
members  of  the  union  party  of  California  unanimity  of  action  in  the 
approaching  campaign,  and  that  all  differences  of  the  past  be  for- 
gotten. 

Pursuant  to  this  call,  the  state  convention  met  at  the  Sixth-street 
M..  E.  church,  at  2  o'clock,  on  the  31st  of  March.  E.  W.  Casey, 
secretary  of  the  state  committee,  called  the  convention  to  order,  in 
the  absence  of  the  chairman,  and  Frank  M.  Pixley  was  unanimously 
chosen  temporary  chairman,  Charles  Westmoreland  withdrawing  in 
his  favor.  The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of  S.  W.  Brock- 
way,  C.  Westmoreland,  E.  W.  Roberts,  L.  R.  Lull,  W.  H.  Sears, 
0.  A.  Tweed,  John  F.  Miller,  O.  B.  Powers,  and  Chancellor  Hart- 
son.  In  the  evening,  the  convention  organized  permanently  by 
electing  Pixley,  president ;  and  W.  E.  Lovett,  Wm.  Sherman,  J.  P. 
Dyer,  L.  H.  Foote,  G.  W.  Swan,  H.  G.  Rollins,  0.  Westmoreland, 
Horace  Beach,  and  J.  A.  Hutton,  vice-presidents. 

The  following  resolutions  were  reported,  and  unanimously  adopted: 

1.  That  the  loyal  masses  of  California  are  unalterably  attached  to 
the  imperishable  principles  of  the  union  republican  party;  that  its 
history  is  the  history  of  progress,  of  the  advancement  of  civil,  indi- 
vidual, and  national  liberty,  of  the  war  against  rebellion,  of  the  pre- 
servation of  the  union,  of  the  delivery  of  four  millions  of  people  from 
bondage;  and  that  its  great  mission  will  never  end  until  the  union 
of  all  the  states  shall  be  established  on  a  foundation  of  justice  and 
right,  never  again  to  be  shaken,  either  by  traitors  at  home  or  by 
their  allies  abroad. 

2.  That  the  constitution  devolves  upon  the  executive  the  duty  to 

the  laws,  are  faithfully  executed,  and  that  when  a  law  is. 


UNION  CONVENTION.  279 

enacted  in  conformity  with  the  prescribed  constitutional  forms,  the 
executive  is  bound  to  execute  the  same. 

3.  That  the  house  of   representatives  of   the   United   States  is 
entitled  to  the  gratitude  and  thanks  of  the  nation  for  its  action  in  pre- 
ferring articles  of  impeachment  against  Andrew  Johnson;  that  his 
flagrant  disregard  of  a  positive  enactment  of  congress,  in  the  removal 
of  the  secretary  of  war,  in  direct  violation  of  an  expressed  provision 
forbidding  such  act,  was  of  itself  a  high  crime,  and,  which  added  to 
the  long  series  of  his  gross  misdemeanors,  would,  if  suffered  to  go 
unrebuked,  subordinate  all  the  other  powers  of  government  to  the 
despotic  will  of  the  executive,  and  would  end  in  the  subversion  of 
the  constitution  and  the  final  destruction  of  representative  govern- 
ment. 

4.  That  the  loyal  masses  of  California,  with  one  voice,  approve  of 
and  pledge  themselves  to  sustain  all  the  reconstruction  measures  of 
congress;    that  in   carrying  out  the  principles  involved    in    those 
measures  congress  is  only  executing  that  provision  of  the  constitu- 
tion   which    devolves    upon   the    United    States   the    obligation  to 
guarantee  to  every  state  in  the  union  a  republican  form  of  govern- 
ment. 

5.  That  we  have  the  most  implicit  confidence  in  the  senate  of  the 
United   States,    before   which   august  tribunal   the    highest    officer 
known  to  the  constitution  and  laws  is  now  arraigned  and  on  his 
trial,  that  they  will  fairly  and  impartially  discharge  the  solemn  duty 
imposed  upon  them   according  to  the  law  and  evidence,  and  they 
will,  by  their  decision  and  judgment,  maintain  and  vindicate  the 
constitution    and    laws    of  their    country,    uninfluenced    by    either 
political  or  personal  considerations. 

6.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  strictest  economy  in  the  adminis- 
tration of  our  national,  state,  and  county  affairs;  of  reducing  public 
taxation  at  once  to  the  lowest  limit  allowable  by  the  requirements  of 
our  public  obligations. 

7.  That  the  payment  of  the  public  debt,  and  in  which  is  involved 
the  national  honor,  is  a  cardinal  point  in  our  political  faith;  that 
repudiation  would  be  an  abandonment  of  the  principles  upon  which 
the  war  for  the  union  was  fought ;  a  concession  that  the  union  was 
not  worth  defending ;  a  breach  of  the  public  faith ;  a  violation  of 
plighted  honor,  and  a  crime  against  the  loyal  dead,  who  gave  their 
lives  on  the  battlefield  in  defense  of  the  great  cause  for  which  it  was 
incurred. 


280       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

8.  That  it  is  the  bounden  duty  of  the  national  government,  under 
all  circumstances  and  at  all  hazards,  so  to  use  the  national  power  in 
its  fullest  extent  without  hesitation  and  without  delay,  that  the 
rights  of  every  American  citizen,  native  born  and  naturalized,  shall 
be  fully  protected  at  home  and  abroad ;  and  especially  that  no  for- 
eign nation  should  be  permitted  to  arrest  and  punish  any  American 
citizen  for  any  offense  committed  upon  our  own  soil. 

9.  That  in  Ulysses  S.  Grant — the  hero,  the  patriot,  and  states- 
man— we  recognize  the  representative  man    of   the  times,  one  in 
whose  keeping  the  destiny  and  honor  of  the  nation  will  ever  be  safe, 
and  therefore  we  name  him  as  our  unanimous  choice  for  president  of 
the  United  States. 

Westmoreland  offered  the  following  additional  resolution  : 

That  the  delegation  elected  by  the  convention  are  hereby  advised 
to  support  Benjamin  F.  Wade,  of  Ohio,  for  the  position  of  vice- 
president  of  the  United  States. 

G.  A.  Gillespie  offered  the  following  as  a  substitute  : 

That  this  convention  now  proceed  to  ballot,  to  indicate  its  choice 
for  the  office  of  vice-president,  and  select  from  the  names  of  the  fol- 
lowing statesmen :  Benjamin  F.  Wade,  Schuyler  Coif  ax,  Rueben 
E.  Fenton,  A.  G.  Gurtin,  and  Henry  Wilson,  and  that  the  person 
receiving  the  highest  vote  shall  be  deemed  the  preference  of  this  con- 
vention, and  the  one  receiving  the  next  highest  vote  the  second  pre- 
ference, and  so  on. 

After  a  discussion,  Westmoreland  had  leave  to  withdraw  his 
resolution,  and  the  Giliespie  substitute  was  laid  on  the  table. 

On  the  first  ballot,  for  four  delegates  at  large  to  attend  the 
national  convention,  General  P.  E.  Conner,  Colonel  James  Ooey, 
J.  J.  Green,  and  John  Stratman  were  elected,  the  vote  being :  for 
Conner,  211;  Ooey,  231;  Green,  203;  Stratman,  161;  W.  E. 
Lovett,  127;  and  William  H.  Sears,  111. 

William  H.  Sears  and  W.  E.  Lovett  were  elected  delegates  from 
the  first  congressional  district,  on  the  first  ballot,  the  vote  being : 
For  Sears,  159;  Lovett,  175;  Seth  Wetherbee,  127;  Josiah  Belden, 
32  ;  and  Henry  Baker,  36.  James  L.  Riddle,  J.  Benrimo,  and  T.  T. 
Tidball  were  also  placed  in  nomination  before  the  convention,  but 
no  votes  were  cast  for  them. 

Charles  B.  Higby  and  J.  M.  Days  were  elected  delegates  from 
the  second  district,  by  acclamation;  John  C,  Byers  withdrawing. 


UNION  CONVENTION.  281 

Thomas  Spencer  and  J.  S.  Rogers  were  elected  from  the  third  dis- 
trict, by  acclamation. 

On  April  1st,  the  following  resolution  was  adopted  : 

That  the  firmness,  consistency  and  devotion  to  principle  exhibited 
by  the  union  members  of  the  legislature  during  its  late  session  are 
entitled  to  the  hearty  commendation  and  grateful  remembrance  of 
the  union  party  of  California,  and  that  this  convention  hereby 
acknowledges  its  obligations  to  those  members  for  the  thoroughness 
with  which  they  were  organized  and  their  uncompromising  devotion 
to  the  interests  of  the  party  and  country. 

Joseph  Benrimo,  J.  0.  Byers,  B.  N.  Bugbey,  and  J.  H.  O'Brien 
were  elected  alternate  delegates  at  large,  over  Henry  G.  Rollins, 
Benjamin  Dore,  Jerome  0.  Davis,  C.  E.  Allen,  Nathan  Coombs, 
F.  G.  French,  Charles  F.  Reed,  and  Walter  Murray. 

C.  E.  Allen  and  Benjamin  Dore  were  elected  alternates  from  the 
first  congressional  district ;  H.  G.  Rollins  and  Abijah  Baker  from 
the  second  district;  and  0.  F.  Reed  and  F.  G.  French  from  the  third 
district — all  by  acclamation. 

A  state  central  committee  was  selected,  composed  of  Samuel  Mer- 
ritt,  J.  R.  Hardenbergh,  T.  K.  Wilson,  W.  F.  Huestis,  J.  C.  Birds- 
eye,  J.  S.  Downes,  A.  N.  Merrick,  Robert  McGarvey,  J.  M.  Coghlan, 
E.  W.  Roberts,  J.  C.  Boggs,  John  R.  Buckbee,  F.  A.  Gibbs,  Harvey 
S.  Brown,  J.  N.  Chappel,  J.  M.  Kelsey,  Chas.  E.  Huse,  A.  Schell, 
0.  B.  Powers,  Daniel  E.  Gordon,  D.  M.  Kenfield,  James  A.  Hutton, 
A.  S.  Smith,  and  others;  and  the  state  executive  committee  was 
composed  of  I.  A.  Amerman,  J.  G.  McCallum,  James  Otis,  Alpheus 
Bull,  Jacob  Deeth,  Alfred  Barstow,  A.  Seligman,  E.  N.  Torrey,  and 
Charles  G.  Thomas. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  instructing  the  state  central  committee  to 
call  all  primaries  under,  pursuant  to,  and  in  accordance  with  the  pro 
visions  of   the    Porter  primary  election    law  of   March    26,    1866 
The   convention   adjourned    with   three  cheers  for  General  U.   S. 
Grant. 

It  was  universally  recognized  that  Grant  was  the  choice  of  the 
party  in  California  for  president,  and  that  it  was  the  business  of  the 
convention  simply  to  record  this  choice.  There  was  therefore  a  dis- 
position to  secure  harmony. 

On  February  27th  and  28th,  meetings  were  held  by  the  demo- 
cratic state  central  committee  at  San  Francisco,  when  it  was  resolved 


I 
282       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

to  hold  the  convention  of  the  party  in  that  city,  on  Wednesday, 
April  29th,  to  nominate  10  delegates  to  attend  the  national  conven- 
tion, and  five  candidates  for  presidential  electors.  The  state  con- 
vention was  to  consist  of  304  delegates,  and  the  test  for  the  primaries 
was  made  to  embrace  "all  voters  opposed  to  the  radical  policy  of 
congress,  to  negro  or  Chinese  suffrage,  and  in  favor  of  a  constitu- 
tional administration  of  the  government  of  the  whole  union."  The 
committee  recommended  that  the  congressional  conventions  meet  at 
the  time  and  place  fixed  for  the  holding  of  the  state  convention  and 
transact  the  business  delegated  to  them;  and  the  necessity  for  the 
formation  of  campaign  clubs  was  urged  upon  the  democratic  and  con- 
servative voters  of  the  state. 

The  following  resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted  by  the  com- 
mittee : 

1.  That  the  radical  majority  in  congress,  instead  of  seeking  to 
lighten  the  burdens  of  taxation,  disregarding  the  will  of  the  people 

f  and  their  official  oaths  in  an  unnatural  pursuit  after  negro  equality, 
having  been  laboring  to  usurp  the  functions  of  the  executive,  degrade 
the  judiciary,  and  after  committing  the  indecency  of  forcing  upon 
the  executive  a  cabinet  officer  personally  offensive  to  him,  and 
making  a  military  subordinate  independent  of  the  orders  of  the  presi- 
dent, thus  uniting  in  their  own  hands  the  purse  and  sword,  they 
have  for  the  first  time  presented  to  the  world  the  disgraceful  spec- 
tacle of  an  American  president  arraigned  by  a  party  vote,  avowedly 
for  party  purposes,  before  a  senate,  more  than  two-thirds  of  which 
is  composed  of  his  political  opponents,  and  placed  on  trial  for  no 
crime  except  that  of  having  endeavored  to  preserve,  protect  and 
defend  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  liberties  of  the 
people;  that  in  these  proceedings  the  radical  party  in  congress  have 
been  manifestly  actuated  by  a  desire  to  perpetuate  themselves  in 
office,  and  merit  the  unqualified  condemnation  of  all  good  citizens, 
without  distinction  of  party. 

2.  That  this  committee  view  with  sincere  alarm  the  revolutionary 
action  of  the  radical  majority  in   congress,  condemned  in  the  fore- 
going resolution,  believing  the  same  calculated  to  create  wide-spread 
distrust,  and  seriously  derange  the  financial  and  other  great  interests 
of  the  country. 

Pursuant  to  this  call,  the  convention  met  in  Union  hall,  San 
Francisco,  at  12  o'clock  M.,  on  April  29th,  and  it  was  called  to  order 
by  J,  f,  ffoge,  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  Williaua  Holden 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  283 

was  elected  temporary  chairman,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  199, 
to  92  for  J.  W.  Mandeville.  The  committee  on  credentials  reported 
that  the  county  of  Mono  alone  was  unrepresented,  and  John  Bigler 
moved  that  two  gentlemen  from  that  county  who  were  then  present 
be  invited  to  act  as  delegates.  This  motion  gave  rise  to  a  heated 
discussion  and  was  finally  carried — 154  to  105.  A  permanent 
organization  was  then  effected  by  the  election  of  Holden,  as  presi- 
dent, and  Thomas  Findley,  J.  W.  Mandeville,  and  N.  E.  Whiteside, 
as  vice-presidents.  The  committee  on  order  of  business  reported  a 
programme  calling  for  the  election  and'  nomination  of  one  national 
delegate  at  large,  and  three  from  each  congressional  district;  of  two 
electors  at  large,  and  one  from  each  district  and  of  an  alternate 
elector  from  each  judicial  district.  A.  H.  Rose  moved  to  strike  out 
the  portion  providing  for  the  nomination  of  electors  and  alternates, 
but  the  motion  was  lost — 142  to  157.  A  committee  was  appointed 
on  resolutions,  consisting  of  John  C.  Burch,  R.  J.  Betge,  B.  F. 
Myers,  C.  Howard,W.  Z.  Angney,  H.  P.  Barber,  T.  J.  Henley,  A.  B. 
Dibble,  and  S.  A.  Booker.  About  eight  hundred  spectators  viewed 
the  proceedings  of  the  convention.  On  the  30th,  a  motion  was  made 
that  before  any  man  was  selected  as  a  national  delegate  he  should 
declare  his  intention  of  devoting  all  his  energies  to  procure  the 
nomination  of  H.  H.  Haight,  as  president  of  the  United  States,  but 
it  was  ruled  out  of  order. 

For  delegates  to  attend  the  national  convention,  the  following 
were  elected : 

Thomas  Hayes,  at  large,  over  W.  T.  Coleman,  E.  Steele,  Charles 
S.  Fairfax,  Henry  H.  Platt,  and  Eugene  Casserly. 

Charles  S.  Fairfax,  E.  Steele,  and  W.  W.  Woodward  from  the 
third  congressional  district,  by  acclamation;  J.  Berry  and  G.  T. 
Crane  withdrawing. 

John  Bigler,  A.  H.  Rose,  and  Richard  Heath  from  the  second 
district,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Joseph  Dumont,  Talbot  of  Nevada 
county,  S.  T.  Leet,  H.  P.  Barber,  and  Lewis  R.  Bradley. 

Robert  C.  Page,  Joseph  R.  Roberts^  and  A.  Jacoby  from  the  first 
district,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  James  A.  Couch,  H.  M.  Black,  John 
Middleton,  James  R.  Lawrence,  James  C.  Gallager,  C.  T.  Ryland, 
and  Dr.  Sharkey. 

A  motion  was  made  to  reconsider  the  vote  by  which  the  conven- 
tion had  determined  to  nominate  electors,  and  amid  great  confusion 
it  was  laid  on  the  table — 156  to  137.  The  convention  tfcen  macje 
t>he  following  nominations  for  presidential  electors ; 


284       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

E.  J.  0.  Kewen  and  Thomas  J.  Henley  from  the  state  at  large, 
on  the  first  ballot,  by  the  following  vote:  Kewen,  212;  Henley, 
197;  W.  T.  Wallace,  176;  J.  D.  Hambleton  and  W.  W.  Pendegast 
withdrawing. 

W.  T.  Wallace  from  the  first  congressional  district,  by  acclama- 
tion;  W.  F.  White,  Francisco  Pico,  and  John  R.  Kittrell  with- 
drawing. 

A.  B.  Dibble  from  the  second  district,  and  George  Pearce  from  the 
third — both  by  acclamation. 

The  following  alternate  electors  were  nominated  : 

Francisco  Pico  and  John  R.  Kittrell,  at  large ;  J.  Burckhalter, 
from  the  first ;  B.  F.  Myers,  from  the  second ;  and  J.  N.  Martin, 
from  the  third  congressional  district. 

On  May  1st,  a  proposition  to  elect  alternate  delegates  was  dis- 
cussed and  laid  on  the  table.  A  state  central  committee  was 
selected,  composed  of  A.  0.  Bradford,  William  Watt,  Robert  Ferral, 
Charles  A.  Johnson,  E.  C.  Tally,  R.  R.  Provines,  Jasper  O'Farrell, 
P.  H.  Ryan,  E.  T.  Wilkins,  A.  H.  Rose,  J.  0.  Maynard,  P.  H.  Sib- 
ley,  R.  J.  Betge,  Thomas  N.  Oazneau,  George  Pen  Johnston,  Charles 
E.  McLane,  Creed  Haymond,  J.  W.  Coffroth,  John  Bigler,  J.  P. 
Hoge,  and  others. 

After  adopting  the  following  resolutions,  the  convention  adjourned: 

1.  That  the  expedients  resorted  to  by  the  radicals  in  congress  for 
the  purpose  of  perpetuating  their  despotic  power   are  such  as  to 
threaten  the  perpetuity  of  the  government  itself  ;  and  it  is,  therefore, 
the  duty  of  all  good  citizens  to  disregard  minor  considerations  and 
local  issues,  and  to  combine  in  one  grand  and  united  effort  to  pre- 
serve the  legacy  left  us  by  our  fathers,  to  restore  the  industry  of  the 
country  to  its  wonted  condition  of  prosperity,  and  to  relieve  our 
people  from  the  oppressive  burden  of  taxation. 

2.  That  the  unanimous  declaration  of  congress,  made  on  the  23d 
day  of  July,  1861,  "that  the  war  is  waged  by  the  government  of  the 
United  States,  not  in  the  spirit  of  conquest  or  subjugation,  not  for 
the  purpose  of  overthrowing  or  interfering  with  the  rights  or  institu- 
tions of  the  states,  but  to  defend  and  maintain  the  supremacy  of 
the  constitution,  and  to  preserve  the  union,  with  all  the  dignity, 
equality,  and  rights  of  the  several  states  unimpaired,"  has  been  per- 
sistently falsified  by  its  action,  and  the  power  of  the  government  has 
been  perverted  to  schemes  of  ambition  and  revenge. 

3.  That  the  impeachment  of  the  president  of  the  United  States  by 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  285 

a  radical  congress  (composed  of  those  who  assisted  to  elevate  him  to 
that  high  position)  on  the  most  frivolous  charges,  is  only  an  addi- 
tional evidence  of  party  violence — not  actuated  by  any  solicitude  for 
the  common  welfare,  and  which  must  tend  to  make  the  United 
States  government  ridiculous  in  the  eyes  of  all  civilized  nations. 

4.  That  Henry  H.  Haight,  in  all  the  elements  of  honesty,  integrity, 
patriotic   devotion  to  the  best  interests  of  the  whole  country,  in 
elevated  statesmanship  and  unswerving  opposition  to  the  disorganizing 
and   destroying  factions  now  threatening  the  permanency  of  con- 
stitutional government  stands  pre-eminent  among  the  great  men  of  the 
nation. 

5.  That  the  action  of  the  radical  house  of  representatives  of  the  pres- 
ent congress  of  the  United  States,  in  refusing  to  make  the  necessary 
appropriation  for  the  purchase  of  Alaska  (a  territory  so  important 
to  the  future  welfare  of  the  Pacific  coast),  after  the  purchase  had 
been  honorably  consummated  by  the  treaty-making  power  of  the 
government,  is  an  act  of  perfidy  on  the  part  of  the  representatives 
of  the  people,  and  the  repudiation  of  a  national  obligation,  which  is 
entitled  to  and  receives  the  hearty  condemnation  of  the  democracy 
of  California. 

6.  That  it  is  not  only  the  patriotic  duty,  but  the  deliberate  pur- 
pose of  the  democratic   party  never  to   submit  to   be  governed  by 
negroes,  nor  by  those  claiming  to  be  elected  by  negro  suffrage ;  and 
we  do  earnestly  recommend  the  adoption  of  this  resolution  by  the 
national  convention  of  the  democracy  which  ishall  assemble  in  July 
next. 

7.  That  the  eight-hour  system  of  labor  is  a  democratic  measure, 
and  ought  to  become  a  national  principle — making  eight  hours  a 
legal  day's  work  on  all  public  works  in  the  United  States  •  that  our 
delegates  to  the  national   convention   are  requested   to   use    their 
endeavors  to  incorporate  this  declaration  in  the  national  platform. 

8.  That  the  attention  of  the  national  convention,  called  to  assem- 
ble at  New  York  on  the  4th  day  of  July  next,  be  directed  to  the 
question  of  coolie  immigration  into  the  United  States,  and  respect- 
fully asked  by  our  delegation  to  devise  some  means  to  be  recom- 
mended to  congress  to  protect  free  industry  against  their  incur- 
sions. 

The  democratic  convention  of  the  third  congressional  district  met 
at  San  Francisco  on  May  1st — 73  delegates  being  present.  A.  C. 
Bradford  presided.  On  the  2d,  S.  B.  Axteli  was  nominated  for  con- 


POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

gressman,  by  acclamation ;  W.  D.  Sawyer  withdrawing  while  the 
roll  was  being  called  for  the  first  ballot. 

The  democratic  second  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco, 
on  May  1st,  J.  T.  Farley  presiding,  but  adjourned  without  action,  to 
meet  at  Sacramento  on  August  19th.  On  the  last  named  day, 
another  meeting  was  held,  and  James  W.  Ooffroth  was  nominated 
for  congress,  by  acclamation. 

The  democratic  third  district  -convention  met  at  San  Francisco,  on 
May  1st,  and  James  A.  Johnson  was  nominated  for  congress,  by 
acclamation;  A.  Whalen  and  N.  E.  Whiteside  withdrawing. 

The  "national  union  republican"  state  central  committee  held  a 
meeting  at  San  Francisco  on  June  25th,  and  appointed  August  5th  as 
the  time  for  the  holding  of  the  state  convention  at  Sacramento,  for 
the  purpose  of  nominating  an  electoral  ticket.  The  number  of 
delegates  was  fixed  at  275.  The  primaries  were  directed  to  be 
held  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Porter  election  law, 
and  the  test  embraced  all  legal  voters  who  should  pledge  themselves 
to  vote  for  the  electors  to  be  chosen  by  the  convention.  The 
committee  recommended  that  a  Grant  and  Coif  ax  club  be  formed 
on  the  day  of  the  primaries  in  every  precinct  where  a  union  republi 
can  club  did  not  then  exist.  At  the  time  and  place  mentioned,  the 
state  convention  met.  It  was  called  to  order  by  James  Otis,  chair- 
man of  the  state  committee,  and  J.  G.  Eastman  was  unanimously 
elected  temporary  chairman.  G.  W.  Tyler,  H.  J.  Tilden,  L.  D. 
Latimer,  E.  G.  Waite,  and  J.  E.  Wyman  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee on  resolutions,  and  shortly  afterward  they  reported  the  fol- 
lowing, which  were  adopted  : 

1.  That  the  platform  of  principles  adopted  by  the  national  union 
republican  convention,  at  Chicago,  in  May  last,  deserves  and  receives 
the  approval  and  hearty  endorsement  of  all  the  union  republicans  of 
California. 

2.  That  the  fearless  chieftain,  General  Grant,  and  the  pure  states- 
man, Schuyler  Colfax,  were  the  first  choice  of  the  union  republicans 
of  California  for  president  and  vice-president  of  the  United  States 
for  the  ensuing  four  years,  and  that  we  rejoice  in  their  nomination. 

3.  That  General  U.  S.  Grant  and  Schuyler  Colfax,  by  their  ser- 
vices to  their  country,  by  their  devotion  to  principle,  and  by  their 
unspotted  reputation  as  men  and  as  citizens,  are  deserving  of  the 
united  and  earnest  support  of  all  the  loyal  people  of  the  United 


CONGRESSIONAL   CONVENTIONS. 


28? 


States,  and  we  pledge  to  them  the  electoral  vote  of  California  at  the 
ensuing  election,  by  an  overwhelming  majority. 

The  temporary  officers  were  declared  permanently  elected.  The 
convention  made  the  following  nomination  : 

Presidential  Electors  :  First  congressional  district,  David  B.  Hoff- 
man; second  district,  Alfred  Redington;  third  district,  Charles 
Westmoreland — all  by  acclamation.  At  large,  John  B.  Felton  and 
O.  H.  LaGrange,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  John  F.  Swift  and 
Nathaniel  Holland;  George  W.  Tyler  withdrawing.  The  vote 
stood  :  Felton,  147;  LaGrange,  225 ;  Swift,  121 ;  and  Holland  24. 

Alternate  Electors:  First  congressional  district,  Louis  Sloss; 
second  district,  Charles  A.  Tweed;  third  district,  James  H.  Mc- 
Nabb.  At  large,  Walter  Van  Dyke  and  George  W.  Tyler,  on  the 
first  ballot,  over  James  B.  McQuillan. 

On  August  8th,  the  republican  first  district  convention  met  at 
San  Francisco,  and  on  the  first  ballot,  Frank  M.  Pixley  was  nomi- 
nated for  congress,  by  a  vote  of  72,  to  18  for  Soule.  The  republi- 
can convention  of  the  second  district  convened  at  Sacramento, 
August  4th,  and  on  the  tenth  ballot,  Aaron  A.  Sargent  received  the 
nomination  for  congress,  over  S.  W.  Brock  way,  William  Higby, 
J.  G.  McCallum,  Charles  A.  Tuttle,  and  0.  H.  LaGrange. 

The  ballotings  resulted  as  follows : 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 

10 

Sargent                    .  .          .      ... 

33 

31 

31 

32 

37 

37 

37 

49 

Brockway    

IS 

16 

28 

20 

21 

'>0 

18 

T> 

Tuttle  

11 

11 

11 

10 

10 

10 

10 

Higby                 

^8 

'>8 

00 

McCallum  

1° 

11 

10 

10 

1 

LaGrange 

25 

28 

30 

32 

33 

The  third  district  republican  convention  met  at  Washington, 
Yolo  county,  on  August  4th.  Chancellor  Hartson  was  nominated  for 
congress,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  47,  to  32  for  Charles  West- 
moreland, and  13  for  H.  L.  Gear. 

During  the  campaign  a  number  of  joint  discussions  were  held, 
and  in  some  instances  the  opposing  candidates  made  the  entire  can- 
vass in  company.  On  July  13th,  P.  H.  Sibley,  a  member  of  the 
democratic  state  central  committee,  published  a  card,  announcing 
his  resignation  from  that  position,  and  assigning  as  the  reason  for 
the  action  that  although  he  could  conscientiously  support  Blair, 


288      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

because  of  his  war  record,  he  could  not  support  Seymour,  and  that 
he  did  not  approve  of  the  democratic  national  platform.  Under 
those  circumstances,  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  support  Grant  and  Colfax. 
On  August  12th,  Alpheus  Bull  and  A.  Seligman  resigned  from  the 
union  state  central  committee,  as  was  stated  "on  account  of 
business  arrangements,"  and  Louis  R.  Lull  and  Richard  Chenery 
were  elected  to  fill  the  vacancies. 

The  election  was  held  on  Tuesday,  November  3d,  and  the  official 
canvass,  made  in  the  following  month,  developed  : 

For  Presidential  Electors:  Grant  and  Colfax — Felton,  54,588 ; 
LaGrange,  54,576;  Hoffman,  54,565;  Redington,  54,592;  West- 
moreland, 54,551.  Seymour  and  Blair — Wallace,  54,069  ;  Henley, 
54,078  ;  Kewen,  54,068  ;  Dibble,  54,068  ;  Scarce,  54,061. 

For  Members  of  Congress:  First  district— Pixley,  20,081  ;  Ax- 
tell,  23,632.  Second  district— Sargent,  18,264;  Coffroth,  15,124. 
Third  district— Hartson,  15,528;  Johnson,  15,792. 

The  republican  electors  were  therefore  elected,  and  Axtell,  Sar- 
gent, and  Johnson  were  elected  to  congress.  Through  a  typo- 
graphical error  in  a  blank,  the  returns  from  seventeen  counties, 
representing  a  vote  of  13,047  for  the  republican  electors,  were  for 
D.  A.  Hoffman,  instead  of  D.  B.  Hoffman,  and  it  became  known  that 
the  secretary  of  state  proposed  to  credit  the  D.  A.  Hoffman  vote  as  if 
it  had  been  cast  for  a  distinct  individual  from  D.  B.  Hoffman.  This 
would  of  course  elect  Henley,  but  on  November  30th,  a  writ  of 
mandamus  was  issued  by  Judge  McKune  of  the  sixth  district  court, 
directing  that  officer  to  count  the  D.  A.  Hoffman  votes  the  same  as 
if  they  had  been  certified  as  having  been  cast  for  D.  B.  Hoffman. 
The  question  was  submitted  to  the  supreme  court  upon  an  agreed 
statement  of  facts,  and  that  tribunal  unaminously  decided,  on 
December  1st,  that  the  returns  should  all  be  counted  for  D.  B.  Hoff- 
man. Later  in  the  day,  the  official  canvass  was  made,  and  the 
republican  electors  were  declared  to  be  elected.  On  the  2d,  the 
republican  electors  met  in  the  office  of  the  California  steam  naviga- 
tion company,  cast  the  votes  of  the  state  for  Grant  and  Colfax,  and 
appointed  Charles  Westmoreland  messenger  to  carry  the  returns  to 
Washington. 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  289 

CHAPTER  XXI. 

1869.     Democratic  Convention — Republican  State  Convention. 

The  democratic  state  central  committee  met  at  San  Francisco  on 
May  12th,  and  it  was  resolved  to  hold  the  state  convention  at  Sac- 
ramento on  Tuesday,  June  29th. 

The  following  test  was  adopted  : 

That  all  voters  in  the  state  who  are  opposed  to  the  radical 
measures  of  congress,  including  the  proposed  fifteenth  amendment  to 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States;  who  are  opposed  to  the 
appointment  of  negroes  to  office,  and  who  pledge  themselves  to  sup- 
port the  democratic  ticket  at  the  coming  fall  elections,  shall  be  per- 
mitted to  participate  in  primary  elections. 

On  May  24th,  the  democratic  committee  of  San  Francisco  resolved 
to  appoint  delegates  to  represent  that  county  in  the  state  convention,, 
but  this  action  produced  so  much  disaffection  that  it  was  recon- 
sidered, and  primaries  were  held  on  June  17th. 

The  democratic  state  convention  met  in  the  assembly  chamber,  at 
Sacramento,  on  June  29th,  and  was  called  to  order  by  J.  P.  Hoge,  the 
chairman  of  the  state  committee,  who  was  also  elected  temporary 
president.  A  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed,  consisting  of 
C.  T.  Ryland,  J.  W.  Mandeville,  J.  W.  Coffroth,  J.  R.  McOonnell, 
W.  P.  Daingerfield,  J.  West  Martin,  H.  P.  Barber,  J.  G.  Downey, 
and  J.  M.  Burnett.  On  permanent  organization,  Hoge  was  presi- 
dent; and  J.  F.  Williams,  Charles  Maclay,  Joseph  Powell,  and  R.  0. 
DeWitt,  vice-presidents. 

The  following  resolutions  were  reported  and  adopted  : 

WHEREAS,  Upon  the  eve  of  a  political  canvass,  the  time -honored 
usages  of  our  party  require  that  a  platform  of  principles  be  announced 
for  the  government  of  those  who  may  be  elected  to  political  office ; 
and,  whereas,  new  questions  have  arisen  since  the  meeting  of  the 
last  democratic  convention,  making  such  action  eminently  proper; 
therefore,  resolved, 

1.  That  the  democracy  of  California  now  and  always  confide  in 
the  intelligence,  patriotism,  and  discriminating  justice  of  the  white 
people  of  the  country  to  administer  and  control  their  government 
without  the  aid  of  either  negroes  or  Chinese. 

2.  That  the  democratic  party  view  with  alarm  the  action  of  an 


290       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

unscrupulous  majority  in  congress  in  their  attempts  to  absorb  the 
powers  of  the  executive  and  judicial  departments  of  the  federal 
government,  and  to  annihilate  the  rights  and  functions  reserved  to  the 
state  governments. 

3.  That  the  subjection  of  the  white  population  of  the  southern 
states  to  the  rule  of  a  mass  of  ignorant  negroes,  their  disfranchise- 
ment,  and  the  denial  to  them  of  all  those  sacred  rights  guaranteed 
to  every  freeman,  is  an  outrage  and  a  wrong  for  which  the  history  of 
free  governments  in  modern  times  may  be  searched  in  vain  for  a 
parallel. 

4.  That  the  democratic  party  is  opposed  to  the  policy  of  lending 
the  credit  of  the  state  and  squandering  the  state  property  upon  rail- 
way or  other  corporations  to  the  detriment  of  the  public  interests 
and  the  overwhelming  increase  of  the  state  debt  and  taxation. 

5.  That  the  democratic  party  ever  has  been,  is  now,  and  ever  will 
be,  the  champion  of  the  rights  of  the  mechanic  and  working  man ; 
that  all  the  reforms  having  for  their  object  the  reduction  of   the 
hours  of  his  labor,  the  enlargement  of  his  privileges  and  the  protec- 
tion of  his  personal  liberty,  have  ever  been  demanded,  enacted  and 
enforced  by  the  democracy;  that  we  point  with  pride  to  the  fact 
that  in  California  it  was  the  democratic  element  in  the  legislature 
that  passed,  and  a  democratic  governor  that  approved,  the  eight  hour 
law,  and  that  we  pledge  ourselves  to  use  our  utmost  exertions  to 
carry  the  provisions  of  that  law  into  full  force  and  effect,  as  well  as 
to  labor  in  other  directions  for  the  cause  of  the  sons  of  toil. 

6.  That  we  are  opposed  to  the  adoption  of  the  proposed  fifteenth 
amendment  of  the  United  States  constitution,  believing  the  same  to 
be  designed,  and,  if  adopted,  certain  to  degrade  the  right  of  suffrage ; 
to  ruin  the  laboring  white  man,  by  bringing  untold  hordes  of  Pagan 
slaves  (in  all  but  name)  into  direct  competition  with  his  efforts  to 
earn  a  livelihood;  to  build  up  an  aristocratic  class  of  oligarchs  in 
our  midst,  created  and  maintained  by  Chinese  votes;  to  give  the 
negro  and  Chinaman  the  right  to  vote  and  hold  office ;  and  that  its 
passage  would  be  inimical  to  the  best  interests  of  our  country,  in 
direct  opposition  to  the  teachings  of  Washington,  Adams,  Jefferson 
and  the  other  founders  of  the  republic ;  in  flagrant  violation  of  the 
plainest  principles  upon  which  the  superstructure  of  our  liberties 
was  raised;  subversive  of  the  dearest  rights  of  the  different  states, 
and  a  direct  step  toward  anarchy  and  its  natural  sequence,  the  erec- 
tion of  an  empire  upon  the  ruins  of  constitutional  liberty. 

7.  That  the  democracy  of  California  believe  that  the  labor  of  our 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  291 

white  people  should  not  be  brought  into  competition  with  the  labor 
of  a  class  of  inferior  people,  whose  living  costs  comparatively  noth- 
ing, and  who  add  nothing  to  the  wealth  of  our  state,  and  who  care 
and  know  nothing  about  our  churches,  schools,  societies,  and  social 
and  political  institutions. 

8.  That  we  arraign  the  radical  party  for  its  profligacy,  corruption, 
and  extravagance  in  public  expenditures;  for  its  tyranny,  extortion, 
and  disf ranchisement ;  for  its  contempt  of  constitutional  obligations ; 
for  placing  the  city  of   Washington  in  the  hands  of  semi-civilized 
Africans ;  and  we  particularly  condemn  the  appointment  of  healthy 
and  able-bodied  negroes  to  office  while  the  land  is  filled  with  capable 
white  citizens  who  are  suffering  for  the  common  necessaries  of  life. 

9.  That  we  heartily  endorse  and  approve  of  the  manner  in  which 
the  democracy  have  administered  the  state  government,  and  point 
with  pride  to  the  acts  to  protect  the  wages  of  labor,  to  lessen  public 
and  official  expenses,  and  to  the  fact  that  during  the  present  state 
administration  the  state  debt  has  been  reduced  nearly  $1,000,000, 
and  taxation  reduced  from  $1.13  on  $100  to  97  cents. 

0.  T.  Ryland  introduced  the  following  which  were  also  adopted : 

10.  That  the  so-called  Alabama  treaty  having  been  rejected  by 
the  treaty-making  power  of  the  government,  the  democratic  party, 
true  to  its  record  as  the  only  political  party  which  on  such  issues 
has  uniformaly  proved  itself  faithful  to  our  own  country,  will  now, 
as  heretofore,  be  found  ready  to  sustain  all  measures  demanded  by 
the  honest  dignity  and  rights  of  the  republic  in  its  relations  with  all 
foreign  powers. 

11.  That  all  voters  in  California  who  are  opposed  to  the  radical 
measures  of  congress,  including  the  proposed  fifteenth  amendment 
to  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  who  are  opposed  to  the 
appointment  of  negroes  to  office,  be  invited  to  unite  with  the  democ- 
racy in  the  coming  contest. 

J.  B.  Crockett  was  nominated  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  0.  L.  Shafter;  and, 
in  like  manner,  William  T.  Wallace  was  nominated  for  justice  of 
the  supreme  court,  to  succeed  Lorenzo  Sawyer.  Samuel  Bell  McKee 
was  placed  in  nomination  against  Wallace,  but  his  name  was  with- 
drawn. A  committee  of  nine,  consisting  of  J.  R.  McOonnell,  C.  T. 
Ryland,  T.  R.  Wise,  T.  A.  Coldwell,  J.  H.  Hardy,  E.  T.  Hogan, 
J.  H.  Budd,  J.  0.  Burch,  and  D.  W.  Gelwicks,  was  appointed  to 
draft  an  address  to  the  people  upon  the  Chinese  question.  (On 


292       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

August  4th,  the  report  of  the  committee  was  published,  and  it 
occupied  six  columns  in  the  newspapers.)  The  convention  appointed 
a  state  central  committee,  composed  of  Harry  Linden,  J.  W.  Mande- 
ville,  D.  W.  Gelwicks,  J.  W.  Coffroth,  R.  0.  Haile,  P.  H.  Ryan, 
J.  K.  Luttrell,  John  Boggs',  Wm.  Watt,  R.  0.  Cravens,  J.  W.  Free- 
man, J.  G.  Downey,  J.  P.  Hoge,  James  H.  Hardy,  J.  H.  Baird, 
Joseph  Naphtaly,  J.  C.  Maynard,  and  Thomas  N.  Oazneau. 

W.  W.  Pendegast  offered  the  following  resolution,  which  was 
adopted  : 

That  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  which  controls  all 
the  wires  connecting  the  Atlantic  with  the  Pacific,  has,  in  instituting 
a  tariff  designed  to  give  a  virtual  monopoly  of  eastern  news  to  a  few 
newspapers  of  one  political  party  in  this  state,  been  guilty  of  a  great 
public  wrong,  has  betrayed  the  trust  confided  to  it,  and  effectually 
restricted  the  liberties  of  the  press,  and  that  its  action  in  this  regard 
calls  loudly  for  such  legislative  interference  as  shall  prohibit  dis- 
criminations, prevent  the  use  of  the  telegraph  as  a  political  engine, 
and  make  it,  like  the  mails,  free  to  all. 

The  republican  state  central  committee  met  at  San  Francisco, 
April  29th,  and  appointed  a  state  convention  to  be  held  at  Sacra- 
mento on  July  21st.  A  resolution  was  adopted  requesting  the  con- 
vention to  take  into  consideration  the  expediency  of  adopting  the 
"Crawford  county"  plan  in  nominations  to  be  thereafter  made  by 
the  party — that  is,  permitting  each  voter  at  a  primary  election  of 
the  party  to  vote  directly  for  the  persons  whom  he  desires  to  have 
nominated  for  the  various  offices.  In  1869,  the  republican  pri- 
maries in  the  counties  of  Sierra,  Santa  Cruz,  Trinity,  Nevada,  and 
Napa  were  conducted  upon  that  plan,  and  it  was  very  generally  in 
favor.  Pursuant  to  the  call  of  the  state  committee,  the  republican 
convention  met  at  the  Fourth-street  Baptist  church,  at  Sacramento, 
on  Wednesday,  July  21st.  It  was  called  to  order  by  Richard 
Chenery;T.  B.  McFarland,  and  C.  A.  Tuttle  were  placed  in  nomina- 
tion for  temporary  chairman.  During  the  balloting,  Walter  Van 
Dyke  received  nine  votes  from  Alameda.  The  chair  announced  the 
vote  to  be  136  for  McFarland  and  143  for  Tuttle,  when  it  was 
announced  that  the  Alameda  votes  would  be  changed  from  Van 
Dyke  to  McFarland.  The  point  of  order  was  raised  that  that  vote 
could  not  be  changed  after  it  had  been  announced  by  the  chair. 
After  some  little  debate,  the  election  of  McFarland  was  made  unani- 
mous, and  immediately  afterward  a  motion  was  carried  that  the 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  293 

temporary  officers  be  permanently  elected.  The  committee  on  resolu- 
tions consisted  of  John  P.  Stearns,  John  Dick,  W.  Van  Dyke,  John 
F.  Miller,  N.  M.  Orr,  George  Cadwalader,  George  Oulton,  C.  A. 
Garter,  W.  0.  Belcher,  F.  M.  Pixley,  G.  W.  Schell,  A.  0.  Niles, 
M.  0.  Briggs,  D.  B.  Hoffman,  and  others.  They  presented  the 
following  resolutions,  which  were  unanimously  adopted : 

1.  That  the  republican  party  of  California  gives  its  earnest  sup- 
port to  the  administration  of  President  Grant,  and  hereby  endorses 
the  acts  and  policy  of  the  administration.     We  recognize  the  earnest 
effort  of  the  government  to  secure  an  economical  administration  of 
its  affairs,  to  reduce  expenses,  to  honestly  pay  the  national  debt,  to 
prevent  speculation  and  fraud  upon  the  treasury,   to  enforce    the 
collection  of  the  revenue,  and  to  cause  the  speedy  restoration  of 
public  confidence  in  our  financial  strength  and  integrity. 

2.  That  the  negro  question  has  ceased  to  be  an  element  in  Ameri- 
can politics,  and  that  the  ratification  of  the  fifteenth  amendment  to 
the  constitution  ought  to  be  followed  by  an  act  of  universal  amnesty 
and  enfranchisement  of  the  southern  people. 

3.  That  we  regard  with  pride  and  satisfaction  the  evidences  of  an 
increasing  immigration  to  this  state  of  industrious  and  intelligent 
people  from  the  Atlantic  states  and   Europe,  with  whom  we  are 
anxious  to  share  the  benefits  of  a  fruitful  soil,  a  genial  climate  and 
an  advancing  civilization ;  but  while  giving  preference  to  the  immi- 
gration of  people  of  our  own  race,  we  hold  that  unoffending  immi- 
grants from  China  to  this  state  are  entitled  to  full  protection  for 
their  lives,  liberty,  and  property,  and  due  process  of  law  to  enforce 
the  same,  but  we  are  opposed  to  Chinese  suffrage  in  any  form,  and 
to  any  change  in  the  naturalization  laws  of  the  United  States. 

4.  That  we  recognize  the  power  of  the  general  government  to- 
restrict  or  prevent  Chinese  immigration,  whenever  the  welfare  of  the 
nation  demands  such   a  measure,   by  terminating  our  commercial 
relations  with  China;  but  it  should  be  considered  that  the  adoption 
of  a  non-intercourse  policy  in  respect  to  China  surrenders  to  Europe 
tho  commerce  of  the  empires  of  Asia.     We  believe  that  the  general 
prosperity  will  be  greatly  enhanced  by  fostering  commercial  inter- 
course with  Asia,  and  that  the  closing  of  our  ports  at  this  time 
against  Chinese  would  be  most  injurious  to  the  material  interests  of 
this  coast,  a  reproach  upon  the  intelligence  of  the  American  people, 
and  contrary  to  the  spirit  of  the  age. 

5.  That  the  republican  party  having  ever  had  in  its   especial 


294       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

keeping  the  rights  of  labor  and  of  the  laborer,  and  removed  there- 
from the  blighting  curse  of  slavery  and  inaugurated  a  new  era,  in 
which  the  wages  of  labor  have  greatly  advanced,  while  the  hours 
therefor  have  been  correspondingly  diminished,  claim  to  have  origi- 
nated in  this  state,  and  steadily  supported  what  is  known  as  the 
"Eight-hour  law,"  the  sound  policy  of  which  has  been  proclaimed 
by  a  republican  congress,  and  by  proclamation  of  a  republican  presi- 
dent made  applicable  to  the  public  works  of  the  United  States. 

6.  That  we  endorse  the  action  of  the  senate  of  the  United  States 
in  rejecting  the  so-called  "Alabama  treaty,"  and  consider  it  the  duty 
of  the  general  government  to  demand  full  reparation  for  the  injuries 
inflicted  by  the  British  government  and  her  people  upon  our  com- 
merce during  the  late  rebellion. 

7.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  imposing  upon  all  kinds  and  classes  of 
taxable  property  in  the  state  an  equal  share  of  the  burdens  of  taxa- 
tion, and  to  that  end  favor  the  organization  of  a  state  board  of 
equalization  or  review,  that  the  inequalities  now  existing  under  the 
present  system  of  assessment  and  collection  of  the  state  revenues 
may  be  avoided. 

8.  That  we  are  opposed  to  grants  of  state  aid  to  railroads,  and  are 
in  favor  of  limiting  taxation  to  the  amount  of  revenues  absolutely 
requisite  to  pay  the  actual  expenses  of  the  state  government,  and  to 
maintain  the  financial  credit  of  the  state. 

9.  That  we  hail  with  joy  the  return  of  peace,  and  the  promising 
signs  of  an  increasing  development  of  the  country  and  the  permanent 
prosperity  of  the  whole  people.     We  earnestly  invite  the  co-opera- 
tion at  the  ballot-box  of  all  who  agree  to  the  foregoing  declarations, 
regardless  of  old  party  ties  or  previous  differences  of  opinion  upon 
the  now  settled  questions  of  slavery,  rebellion,  reconstruction,  and 
negro  suffrage. 

Lorenzo  Sawyer  was  unanimously  renominated  for  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  (full  term). 

0.  0.  Pratt,  Nathaniel  Bennett,  and  G.  N.  Swezy  were  placed 
in  nomination  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  Shafter,  and  on  the  first  ballot,  Pratt 
received  the  nomination,  by  a  vote  of  181,  to  88  for  Bennett,  and  20 
for  Swezy. 

A  state  central  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  C.  E. 
Huse,  S.  J.  Clarke,  W.  Van  Dyke,  J.  Stratman,  N.  M.  Orr,  W.  0. 
Orossette,  L.  H.  Murch,  N.  D.  Rideout,  A.  Deering,  J.  H.  Neff, 


LETTER  OF  GOVERNOR  HAIGHT.  295 

D.  B.  Hoffman,  E.  L.  Sullivan,  A.  Barstow,  H.  S.  Sargent,  S.  0. 
Houghton,  H.  W.  Bragg,  and  0.  M.  Gorham. 

The  election  of  the  county  officers  and  members  of  the  legislature 
was  held  September  1st,  and  resulted  generally  in  a  democratic  suc- 
cess. The  judicial  election  was  held  October  20th,  when  Wallace 
received  36,705  votes;  Sawyer,  30,936;  Crockett,  38,997;  and 
Pratt,  28,705. 


CHAPTER  XXII. 

1871.  Letter  of  Governor  Haight — Divisions  among  Democrats — 
Democratic  State  Convention — Divisions  among  Republicans — 
Republican  State  Convention — "Brick"  Pomeroy — Tape  Worm 
Ballots. 

Early  in  1871,  the  matter  of  the  selection  of  a  candidate  for  gov- 
ernor from  the  democratic  side  was  actively  agitated.  James  A. 
Johnson,  Frank  McCoppin,  and  Thomas  Findley  were  prominently 
mentioned  in  connection  with  the  nomination,  and  each  had  his 
quota  of  warm  and  active  supporters.  It  had  been  understood  that 
Governor  Haight  was  not  an  aspirant  for  a  second  term,  but  in 
January,  a  letter  was  addressed  to  him  by  Senator  Minis,  dated  on 
the  10th,  asking  if  the  report  was  true  that  he  was  not  disposed  to 
enter  into  the  contest.  The  governor  replied  on  the  12th,  and  said : 

It  was  my  desire  and  design  to  release  myself  from  office  at  the 
end  of  my  present  term,  and  devote  some  attention  to  my  private 
affairs.  This  resolution  was  a  fixed  one,  and  I  did  not  suppose  any 
influence  or  arguments  would  avail  to  change  it.  The  reasons  for 
this  purpose  were,  in  brief,  the  serious  pecuniary  sacrifice  involved 
in  a  continuance  in  office,  a  desire  for  rest  from  burdensome  responsi- 
bilities, repugnance  to  the  calumny  and  misconstruction  to  which 
public  officers  are  commonly  subjected,  with  considerations  of  health 
and  other  plans  for  the  future  not  entirely  compatible  with  public 
life.  *  The  determination  thus  formed  has  been 

reluctantly  abandoned,  because  of  the  conviction  which  seemed  to 
prevail,  that  persistence  in  it  would  be  a  virtual  surrender  of  the 
principles  for  which  we  have  contended,  and  which  we  believe  to  be 
inseparably  connected  with  public  welfare.  I  am  not  willing  to 
make  such  a  surrender,  nor  to  be  justly  chargeable  with  aiding,  by 
my  default,  in  the  success  of  the  measures  which,  for  the  benefit  of 


296      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

the  favored  few,  will  load  with  grievous  burdens  a  people  already 
taxed  to  the  limit  of  endurance,  and  which  seek  to  appropriate  the 
property  and  earnings  of  the  whole  mass  of  taxpayers  to  enrich  pri- 
vate corporations.  To  such  a  system  as  this,  which  is  neither  demo- 
cratic, just,  nor  salutary,  I  am  opposed,  now  and  henceforth,  at  all 
times  and  under  all  circumstances,  against  all  combinations  and 
compromises.  Opposition  to  such  a  system  results  logically  from, 
and  is  inseparably  blended  with,  the  time  honored  doctrines  advo- 
cated by  Jefferson,  and  which  lie  at  the  basis  of  the  democratic 
organization,  to- wit:  The  largest  liberty  to  the  individual,  and  the 
least  possible  interference  by  government  with  his  person  or  his 
property,  and  then,  the  least  possible  delegation  of  power  to  a  cen- 
tral and,  to  some  extent,  irresponsible  control,  and  the  most  careful 
reservation  of  it  to  local  authorities.  Allied  to  these  are  opposition 
to  the  exercise  of  doubtful  powers,  strict  construction  of  those  dele- 
gated, and  a  careful  limitation  of  them  in  the  interest  of  the  people ; 
acting  upon  the  maxim  that,  while  the  government  was  made  for 
the  people,  the  less  there  is  of  it,  after  affording  that  security  which 
is  its  primary  object,  the  better  it  is  for  them.  Hence  our  opposi- 
tion to  special  legislation,  to  protective  tariff,  to  profligate  grants  of 
the  public  domain  to  corporations,  regardless  of  the  rights  of  settlers, 
to  military  interference  with  elections,  and  to  all  the  abuses  prac- 
ticed heretofore.  These  principles  will  be  at  issue  in  1872.  That 
contest  will  be  between  the  corporations  on  one  side  and  the  people 
on  the  other ;  not  that  we  desire  to  deny  to  corporations  anything 
which  a  liberal  policy  would  fairly  suggest,  but  we  do  desire  to  see 
the  governments,  state  and  federal,  administered  for  the  benefit  of 
the  whole  people  and  not  for  the  benefit  of  a  privileged  few.  In 
this  way  only  can  our  system  fully  accomplish  the  beneficent  ends 
had  in  view  by  its  founders.  With  these  views  and  in  this  spirit,  if 
our  convention  should  think  proper  to  present  my  name  for  re-elec- 
tion, their  expressed  will  would  control  my  action,  and  be  accepted 
as  another  proof  of  that  confidence  so  generously  accorded  to  me 
heretofore  by  the  democracy,  notwithstanding  any  errors  of  judg- 
ment which  I  may  have  committed  through  inexperience  of  public 
affairs.. 

Governor  Haight  met  with  active  opposition  from  a  considerable 
element  of  his  party,  based — as  it  was  charged — upon  the  position 
he  had  taken  on  the  question  of  granting  aid  to  railroad  corpora- 
tions; and  one  of  the  leading  organs  of  the  party,  a  paper  which 


A   DIVIDED  PARTY.  297 

derived  its  principal  support  from  the  patronage  resulting  from  the 
passage  of  the  state  paper  and  litigant  printing  bills,  openly  and 
vigorously  opposed  his  renomination.  But  he  was  supported  by  the 
anti-subsidy  element,  and  it  was  soon  apparent  that  his  nomination 
was  almost  inavertable.  The  primaries  began  to  be  held  early  in 
May,  and  from  most  of  the  interior  counties  Haight  delegations  were 
returned.  On  May  26th,  the  democratic  county  committee  of  San 
Francisco  resolved  not  to  call  a  primary  election,  and  took  upon  itself 
the  appointment  of  the  delegates  to  Jthe  state  and  local  conventions — 
the  majority  of  the  delegates  to  the  state  convention  so  selected  being 
against  Haight.  This  action  of  the  committee  produced  great  dis- 
satisfaction, and  on  June  1st  a  call  was  circulated,  at  the  instance 
of  prominent  members  of  the  party,  for  a  primary  election  and  con- 
vention to  select  the  delegates,  independent  of  the  committee,  but 
the  primary  was  not  held,  as  by  the  15th,  Haight  had  secured  a 
sufficient  number  of  pledged  delegates  from  the  interior  counties  to 
insure  him  the  nomination.  The  feud  created  in  the  party  in  San 
Francisco  by  this  action  of  the  committee  was  kept  up  after  the 
meeting  of  the  state  convention  and  centered  upon  the  local  nomina- 
tions. Efforts  to  conciliate  through  committees  of  conference 
failed,  and  the  breach  widened.  Finally,  three  wings  of  the  party 
developed,  whose  respective  figure-heads  were  Isaac  Friedlander, 
Eugene  Oasserly,  and  Frank  McCoppin,  and  by  the  day  of  election 
it  was  difficult  to  determine  which  of  the  several  local  tickets  repre- 
sented the  Simon-pure  democracy.  On  June  26th,  the  democratic 
committee  of  Sacramento  county  passed  a  resolution  repudiating  the 
Sacramento  Reporter — the  official  state  paper — as  a  democratic 
organ,  and  recommending  that  the  patronage  of  the  party  be  with- 
drawn from  it.  It  had  been  charged  by  the  press  that  the  majorjty 
of  the  stock  in  the  paper  had  been  secured  by  the  managers  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  and  that  its  expressions  were 
controlled  by  their  dictation. 

On  May  12th,  the  democratic  state  central  committee  met  in  San 
Francisco  and  called  a  state  convention,  to  meet  at  Sacramento  on 
June  20th.  The  apportionment  was  fixed  at  319  members,  and 
the  test  at  the  primaries  included  all  who  were  opposed  to  the 
radical  measures  of  congress,  and  who  would  pledge  themselves  to 
support  the  ticket,  Pursuant  to  this  call,  the  convention  met  in 
the  assembly  chamber,  in  the  capitol,  at  12  M.  on  Tuesday,  June 


298       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

20th.  It  was  called  to  order  by  J.  P.  Hoge,  chairman  of  the  state 
committee,  and  James  W.  Coffroth  was  unanimously  elected  tem- 
porary chairman.  On  permanent  organization,  Ooffroth  was  presi- 
dent ;  John  G.  Downey,  M.  L.  McDonald,  William  Minis,  and  W.  A. 
Eakin,  vice-presidents;  and  Henry  George,  secretary.  The  com- 
mittee on  resolutions  was  composed  of  Russell  Heath,  P.  0.  Hund- 
ley, W.  Z.  Angney,  S.  Heydenfeldt,  J.  W.  Mandeville,  A.  A.  Ben- 
nett, John  C.  Burch,  James  T.  Ryan,  William  Irwin,  J.  T.  Farley, 
J.  P.  Hoge,  P.  D.  Wigginton,  James  K.  Byrne,  A.  H.  Rose,  W.  A. 
Conn,  and  others. 

On  the  21st,  the  committee  on  resolutions  reported  the  following, 
which  were  unaminously  adopted  : 

1.  That  waiving  all  differences  of  opinion  as  to  the  extraordinary 
means  by  which  they  were  brought  about,  we  accept  the  natural  and 
legitimate  results  of  the  war,  so  far  as  waged  for  the  ostensible  purpose 
to  maintain  the  union  and  the  constitutional  rights  and  powers  of  the 
federal  government. 

2.  That  we  regard  the  three  several  amendments  to  the  constitu- 
tion, recently  adopted,  as  a  settlement  in  fact  of  all  the  issues  of  the 
war,  and  that  the  same  are  no  longer  issues  before  the  country. 

3.  That  we  demand  that  the  rule  of  strict  construction,  as  pro- 
claimed by  the  democratic  fathers,  and  embodied  in  the  tenth  amend- 
ment to  the  federal  constitution,  be  applied  to  the  constitution  as  it 
is,  including  the  three  recent  amendments  to  that  instrument ;  that 
the  absolute  equality  of  each  state  within  the  union  is  a  fundamental 
principle  of  the  federal  government;  that  we  shall  always  cherish 
and  uphold  the  American  system  of  state  and  local  government  for 
state  and  local  purposes,  and  of  the  general  government  for  general 
purposes  only,  as  essential  to  the  maintenance  of  civil  liberty;  and 
are  unalterably  opposed  to  all  attempts  at  centralization  or  consolida- 
tion of  power  in  the  hands  of  the  federal  government. 

4.  That  we  demand  of  congress  universal  amnesty  for  all  political 
offences. 

5.  That  while  we  condemn  all  riotous  and  unlawful  combinations 
to  disturb  the  peace  or  infringe  the  rights   of   any   citizens,   we 
denounce  the  act  commonly  called   the  "bayonet  bill,"  passed  by 
congress,  and  the  more  recent  act,  commonly  called  the  "  Ku-Klux 
bill,"  as  enacted  for  no  other  purpose  than  to  complete  the  work  of 
centralization,   and   by  establishing   a   military   despotism   to   per- 
petuate the  present  administration  without  regard  to  the  will  of  the 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  299 

people ;  that  these  measures  are  not  only  inconsistent  with  the  whole 
theory  and  character  of  the  federal  government,  and  revolutionary 
and  dangerous  in  their  tendency,  but  are  in  direct  conflict  with  the 
spirit  and  letter  of  the  constitution,  including  amendments  which 
they  pretend  to  enforce. 

6.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  a  tariff  for  revenue  only,  and  we 
denounce   the    system    commonly  called  the  protective  system,  a& 
unjust,  oppressive,  prolific  of  corruption,  and  injurious  to  the  best 
interests  of  the  country;  ,that  the  tariff  legislation  of  the  republican 
party  during  the  past  ten  years  has  destroyed  our  shipping,  paralyzed 
industry,  and  plundered  the  mass  of  the  people  for  the  benefit  of 
capitalists  and  monopolists. 

7.  That  the  profligate  grants  of  vast  tracts  of  the  public  domain 
made  by  the  radical  majority  in  congress,  to  railroad  corporations, 
regardless  of  the  rights  of  settlers,  and  without  any  proper  condi- 
tions or  restrictions,  are  a  fraud  upon  the  people  of  the  country. 

8.  That  the  failure  of  congress  to  repeal  the  odious  income  tax, 
the  maintenance  of  a  vast  army  of  tax  gatherers,  to  harass  the  people 
and  eat  out  their  substance,  and  the  failure  to  restrict  the  importa- 
tion of  Chinese  coolies,  whose  competition  tends  directly  to  cheapen 
and   degrade  white  labor,  constitute  a  catalogue  of  grievances  for 
which  a  radical  congress  will  be  held  justly  accountable. 

9.  That  we  are  uncompromisingly  opposed  to  subsidizing  railway 
or  other  private  corporations  out  of  the  public  treasury,  to  the  over- 
whelming increase  of  debt  and  taxation;  that  laws  which   impose 
taxes  upon  the  mass  of  citizens  in  aid  of  such  corporations,  whether 
in  the  form  of  donations,  loans,  or  subscriptions,  are  an  invasion  of 
the  rights  of  private  property  and  a  departure  from  sound  maxims  of 
government,  and  result  in  the  bankruptcy  of  towns  and  counties; 
that  they  lead  to  gross  abuses,  are  a  prolific  source  of  corruption, 
and  violate  the  cardinal  principle  of  democracy,  to- wit:     That  gov- 
ernment is  instituted  for  the  welfare  and  security  of  the  mass  of  the 
people,  and  not  for  aggrandizement  of  a  favored  few;  and  that  the 
law  upon  the  statute  book  known  as  the  five  per  cent,  law,  ought  to 
be  immediately  repealed. 

10.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  amending  the  state  constitution  so  as 
to  provide  additional  safeguards  against  the    taxation  of   private 
property  in  aid  of  private  corporations  or  individuals,  and  against 
improvident    legislation,    and    of    securing    needed    constitutional 
reforms. 

11.  That  the  democratic  party,  deriving  its  strength   from  the 


300       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

working  classes,  is  the  natural  enemy  of  monopolies,  and  has  always 
been  and  always  will  be  ready  to  support  and  urge  such  measures 
for  the  elevation  of  the  laboring  population  and  the  amelioration  of 
their  condition  as  an  enlightened  policy  may  suggest ;  that  we  point 
to  the  legislation  of  the  past  three  years,  reducing  the  hours  of 
labor,  requiring  public  work  to  be  done  by  the  day,  and  seeking  to 
restrict  Chinese  immigration,  as  evidence  of  the  sympathy  of  the 
democracy  with  the  wishes  and  interests  of  the  laboring  classes. 

12.  That  we  believe  that  the  labor  of  white  people  should  not  be 
brought  into  competition  with  the  labor  of  a  class  of  inferior  people, 
whose  living  costs  comparatively  nothing,  and  who  care  and  know 
little  about  our  churches,  schools,  societies,  and  social  and  political 
institutions,  and  that  we  are,  therefore,  opposed  to  Chinese  immigra- 
tion; that  congress,  by  its  legislation,  having  sought  to  foster  such 
immigration  and  to  prevent  our  local  authorities  from  interfering 
with  it,  and  by  its  attempted  abrogation  of  the  foreign   miners' 
license,  deserves  our  severest  condemnation,  and  has  given  us  another 
illustration  of  its  intention  to  concentrate  all  power  in  the  hands  of 
the  general  government. 

13.  That  the  public  lands  yet  left  to  the  United  States  and  the 
state  of  California  should  be  disposed  of  only  to  actual  settlers  in 
limited  quantities,  and  on  the  most  favorable  terms;  and  the  laws, 
both  state  and  federal,  should  be  so  framed  as  to  insure  this  result, 
so  vital  to  a  free  people. 

14.  That  the  interference  by  the  president  of  the  United  States 
with  the  military  power  of  the  union,  in  elections,  to  overawe  the 
people  and  control  the  right  of  suffrage,  is  treason  to  the  constitu- 
tion. 

15.  That  we  are  compelled,  by  profound  convictions  of  their  injus- 
tice and  impolicy,  to  record  our  solemn  protest  against  the  leading 
measures  of  the  national  administration,  and  we  pledge  all  the  power 
with  which  we  may  be  intrusted  to  earnest  efforts  to   lessen  the 
expenditures  of  the  government,  to  reduce  and  equalize  taxation,  to 
hasten  the  extinction  of  the  public  debt,  and  by  honest  legislation 
to  protect  the  public  domain  against  the  rapacity  of  speculators  and 
robbers,  and  restore  early  and  cordial  union  and  fraternity  to  the 
states  and  the  people  of  the  republic. 

16.  That  by  thorough  organization  and  concerted  action,  another 
victory  is  within  the  reach  of  the  democratic  party  of  this  state,  and 
this  convention  pledges  itself  to  effect  such  organization  and  action, 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  3Q1 

and  to  secure,  by  all  honorable  means,  the  election  of  the  candidates 
this  day  nominated. 

17.  And  whereas,  since  the  advent  of  the  democratic  party  to 
power  in  1867,  the  rate  of  taxation  for  state  purposes  has  been 
reduced  from  $1.13  to  86  cents  on  each  $100  of  property,  and  the 
state  debt  reduced  more  than  $1,000,000,  at  the  same  time  that  the 
school  fund  has  been  increased,  and  large  sums  of  money  have  been 
judiciously  expended  upon  public  buildings,  a  state  university 
organized  and  put  in  operation,  the, tide  lands  of  the  state  rescued 
from  the  grasp  of  speculators,  and  sold  for  the  public  benefit,  special 
franchise  legislation  successfully  checked  for  the  first  time  by  execu- 
tive veto,  laws  enacted  for  the  revision  of  our  civil  and  criminal 
codes,  the  equalization  of  assessments  and  the  refunding  of  the  state 
debt,  and  a  successful  opposition  inaugurated  to  any  taxation  of  the 
people  for  the  benefit  of  railway  or  other  private  corporations,  besides 
other  useful  reforms;  therefore,  resolved,  that  we  heartily  endorse 
the  democratic  state  administration,  and  declare  it  eminently  entitled 
to  the  confidence  and  approval  of  the  whole  people. 

The  following  nominations  were  then  made  : 

Henry  H.  Haight,  for  governor,  without  opposition. 

E.  J.  Lewis,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  having 
received  195  votes,  to  8  for  William  Holden,  and  124  for  Charles 
Gildea. 

Jackson  Temple,  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  to  fill  the  San- 
derson vacancy,  without  opposition. 

For  justice  of  the  supreme  court  to  succeed  Rhodes,  Peter  Van 
Olief,  S.  Bell  McKee,  Creed  Raymond,  John  W.  Armstrong,  W.  0. 
Wallace,  Delos  Lake,  and  Selden  S.  Wright  were  submitted;  Arm- 
strong, Van  Clief,  and  Lake  were  withdrawn,  and  on  the  first  ballot, 
McKee  had  146  votes;  Raymond,  47;  Wallace,  53;  Lake,  9,  and 
Wright,  90.  On  the  second  ballot,  McKee  had  134;  Wright,  136  ; 
Haymond,  45  ;  and  Wallace,  3.  Raymond  and  Wallace  were  then 
withdrawn,  and  on  the  third  ballot,  Wright  was  nominated,  by  a 
vote  of  180  to  139  forMcKee. 

For  secretary  of  state,  H.  L.  Nichols,  L.  B.  Harris,  Presley 
Dunlap,  H.  C.  Clarkson,  Charles  L.  Weller,  and  W.  B.  C.  Brown 
were  named.  On  the  first  ballot,  Nichols  had  100;  Harris,  39; 
Dunlap,  6;  Weller,  32;  and  Brown,  137.  On  the  next  ballot, 
Brown  was  nominated  by  a  vote  of  198  to  101  for  Nichols,  3  for 
Harris,  1  for  Dunlap,  and  8  for  Weller. 


302       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

For  controller,  James  S.  Mooney,  Marion  Biggs,  Michael  Gray, 
O.  Oappleman,  Joseph  Roberts,  Jr.,  John  0.  Origler,  and  R.  0.  De- 
Witt  were  presented.  First  ballot — Roberts,  57;  Origler,  46  ; 
Mooney,  15;  Gray,  41;  Oappleman,  35;  Biggs,  40;  and  DeWitt, 
80.  Second  ballot — DeWitt,  93  ;  Roberts,  66  ;  Gray,  44 ;  Crigler, 
37;  Biggs,  36;  Oappleman,  29;  and  Mooney,  11.  Biggs  withdrew. 
Third  ballot— DeWitt,  137;  Roberts,  75;  Gray,  48;  Origler,  23; 
Cappleman,  22;  and  Mooney,  10.  Origler,  Mooney,  Cappleman,  and 
Gray  withdrew.  On  the  fourth  ballot,  DeWitt  was  nominated,  by  a 
vote  of  227  to  91  for  Roberts. 

On  the  22d,  the  convention  met  again.  Joseph  Walkup  ofiered 
the  following  resolution,  which  was  referred  to  the  committee  on 
platform : 

That  it  is  the  duty  of  the  legislature  to  reduce,  equalize,  and 
regulate  the  rates  of  freight  and  fare  on  all  the  railroads  in  the  state, 
and  to  enact  such  penalties  as  will  enforce  such  legislation. 

The  following  additional  nominations  were  made  : 

For  treasurer,  Antonio  F.  Ooronel  was  nominated  on  the  first 
ballot,  by  a  vote  of  200  to  31  for  Jose  Ramon  Pico,  and  88  for  Juan 
B.  Oastro ;  L.  B.  Engelberg  withdrawing. 

Jo  Hamilton,  for  attorney-general,  without  opposition. 

John  W.  Bost,  for  surveyor-general,  without  opposition. 

For  printer,  Walter  Turnbull,  J.  F.  Linthicum,  Robert  Ferral, 
John  T.  Barry,  M.  D.  Oarr,  and  W.  A.  January  were  named.  Ferral 
withdrew.  First  ballot — Turnbull,  19  ;  Linthicum,  49 ;  Barry, 
137;  January,  87;  Oarr,  27.  Linthicum,  Oarr,  and  Turnbull  with- 
drew. On  the  second  ballot,  Barry  was  nominated  by  a  vote  of  164 
to  155  for  January. 

For  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  0.  P.  Fitzgerald,  by 
acclamation. 

For  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  T.  J.  Shackle  ford,  Newton  Bene- 
dict, Thomas  Laspeyre,  George  Seckel,  and  J.  F.  Wilcoxson  were  pre- 
sented. First  ballot— Seckel,  30;  Shackleford,  106;  Benedict,  53; 
Laspeyre,  65;  Wilcoxson,  61.  Seckel  withdrew.  Second  ballot — 
Shackelford,  124  ;  Benedict  55  ;  Wilcoxen,  57;  Laspeyre,  78.  Wil,- 
ooxson  and  Benedict  withdrew.  On  the  third  ballot,  Laspeyre 
was  nominated  by  a  vote  of  174  to  141  for  Shackleford. 

For  harbor  commissioner,  J.  0.  Pennie,  Henry  Seals,  William  F. 
White,  0.  Kopf,  Isaac  Friedlander,  and  F.  S.  Malone  were  named, 
but  Kopf  withdrew.  First  ballot — Friedlander,  120;  Pennie,  90; 


CONGRESSIONAL   CONVENTIONS.  303 

White,  27;  Seals,  42;  Malone,  37.  White  withdrew.  On  the  next 
ballot,  Friedlander  was  nominated  by  a  vote  of  198,  to  96  for  Pennie, 
17  for  Malone,  and  7  for  Seals. 

A  state  central  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  W.  J. 
Graves,  W.  P.  Tilden,  J.  C.  Pennie,  J.  W.  Mandeville,  J.  W.  Oof- 
froth,  William  McPherson,  T.  M.  Brown,  John  Boggs,  I.  N.  Walker, 
Joseph  Walkup,  W.  A.  Conn,  James  A.  Johnson,  William  Watt, 
Frank  McCoppin,  J.  P.  Hoge,  D.  J.  Oullahan,  A.  A.  Bennett, 
James  H.  Budd,  Thomas  Findley,  Paul  Shirley,  and  others. 

On  June  23d,  Friedlander  declined  the  nomination  for  harbor 
commissioner,  and  on  July  8th,  the  state  committee  nominated 
John  Rosenfeld  for  that  office. 

The  democratic  congressional  convention  for  the  first  district 
met  at  San  Francisco,  on  June  23d.  The  candidates  for  congress- 
men were  Lawrence  Archer,  W.  D.  Sawyer,  T.  N.  Wand,  S.  B. 
Axtell,  King  of  Los  Angeles,  and  James  H.  Lawrence.  A  number 
of  ballots  were  taken,  the  highest  vote  received  by  each  candidate 
being:  Archer,  30;  Sawyer,  13;  King,  28;  Wand,  26;  Lawrence, 
16;  and  Axtell,  26.  At  the  evening  session,  Archer  received  the 
nomination. 

The  second  district  democratic  convention  met  at  Sacramento,  on 
June  22d,  and  James  W.  Ooffroth  was  unanimously  nominated  for 
congressman. 

The  third  district  democratic  convention  met  at  Sacramento, 
on  June  23d.  The  candidates  for  congressman  were  George 
Pearce,  J.  B.  Lamar,  and  N.  E.  Whiteside.  On  the  first  ballot, 
Pearce  had  41  votes;  Lamar,  32;  and  Whiteside,  9.  A  dozen 
ballots  were  taken  without  much  change.  Finally,  Lamar  and 
Whiteside  were  withdrawn,  and  Pearce  was  unanimously  nominated. 

Early  in  1871,  Newton  Booth  was  suggested  as  an  appropriate 
person  as  the  republican  candidate  for  governor,  and  his  claims  for 
the  nomination  were  endorsed  and  advocated  by  the  Sacramento 
Union  and  the  other  republican  organs  that  had  taken  a  stand 
against  the  granting  of  subsidies  to  railroad  corporations.  The  sub- 
sidy question  was  made  the  principal  issue  of  the  campaign.  Charles 
A.  Washburn  was  also  named  as  a  suitable  candidate,  but  he  devel- 
oped no  strength,  and  did  not  long  remain  in  the  field.  In  Febru- 
ary, Thomas  H.  Selby  was  brought  out  as  a  candidate,  but  it  was 
charged  that  he  had  not  long  been  a  member  of  the  party,  and  that 


304       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

he  was  the  candidate  for  the  railroad  corporations.  The  contest 
was  soon  resolved  to  between  Booth  and  Selby,  and  the  latter  was 
urged  to  declare  himself  upon  the  leading  issue  before  the  public, 
which  he  did  on  June  24th,  in  the  following  card  : 

To  the  public. — Being  a  candidate,  not  by  my  own  seeking,  for 
the  gubernatorial  nomination,  at  the  hands  of  the  republican  con- 
vention about  to  assemble,  and  my  political  status  having  been 
frequently  called  in  question  and  my  views  on  the  leading  topics 
variously  stated,  I  deem  it  due  to  you  and  myself  to  say:  First — 
That  I  voted  for  presidents  Lincoln  and  Grant,  and  gave  both 
administrations  my  most  hearty  support.  Second — In  regard  to 
state,  county,  or  municipal  aid  or  subsidies  to  railroads,  my  views 
are  in  harmony  with  those  of  leading  republicans  with  whom  I  have 
conversed ;  gentlemen  whose  opinions  are  likely  to  give  shape  to  the 
platform  that  will  be  adopted  by  the  republican  convention  at  Sac- 
ramento. To  avoid  misapprehension,  I  am  opposed  to  granting 
subsidies  to  railroads  by  the  state,  counties,  cities  or  towns  of  Cali- 
fornia. I  am  in  favor  of  the  repeal  of  what  is  commonly  called  the 
five  per  cent.  law. 

X 

On  May  24th,  the  republican  county  committee  of  San  Francisco 
adopted  a  resolution  asking  the  chairman  to  appoint  a  committee  of 
three  to  suggest  the  best  mode  of  selecting  delegates  to  the  state 
convention.  The  committee  so  appointed  declared  against  the  pri- 
mary election  plan,  because  it  was  liable  to  corrupt  influences,  and 
against  the  "club"  plan  as  being  obnoxious  for  the  same  objection. 
They  recommended  that  the  delegates  be  selected  by  the  county  com- 
mittee, and  they  presented  the  names  of  62  delegates  to  the  state 
convention.  The  county  committee  ratified  this  action,  and  when 
the  proceeding  was  made  public  much  indignation  was  manifested. 
The  following  evening,  the  executive  committee  of  the  young  men's 
republican  club  of  that  city  held  a  meeting,  and  adopted  the  following 
protest : 

WHEREAS,  The  union  republican  state  central  committee,  on  the 
18th  day  of  May,  called  upon  the  union  republican  voters  of  the 
state  of  California  to  choose  delegates  to  a  state  convention,  to  be 
held  June  8th ;  and  whereas,  the  city  and  county  of  San  Francisco 
is  apportioned  62  delegates,  and  the  county  committee  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, unsolicited  by  the  union  republican  voters  of  this  city,  have 
assumed  to  themselves  the  authority  of  appointing  all  the  delegates 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  3Q5 

from  this  city  and  county  to  said  convention,  thereby  expressly 
declaring  that  they  alone  are  vested  with  the  power  of  designating 
exponents  to  express  the  wishes  and  political  views  of  all  the  union 
republican  voters  of  the  city  and  county;  and  whereas,  in  the 
struggle  for  party  supremacy  about  to  be  inaugurated,  fair  dealing 
to  the  whole  of  our  party,  unity  of  action,  and  the  imperative  and 
immediate  denunciation  of  any  action  on  the  part  of  a  minority 
tending  to  disregard  the  wishes  or  rights  of  the  majority,  are  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  our  success  in  the  coming  campaign  \  now,  there- 
fore, be  it  resolved  that  we,  the  executive  committee  of  the  young 
men's  republican  club,  do  most  earnestly  and  sincerely  condemn  the 
action  of  the  republican  county  committee,  and  enter  our  protest 
against  it. 

Like  protests  were  adopted  by  the  other  local  clubs,  and  on  the 
26th  the  county  committee  rescinded  the  action  complained  of,  and 
called  a  primafcy^election  for  June  24th,  to  select  the  delegates.  At 
the  primary  election,  Selby  delegates  were  elected.  A  disagreement 
subsequently  arose  in  regard  to  local  matters,  and  two  republican 
tickets  were  run  in  the  city.  Booth  succeeded,  however,  in  securing 
pledged  delegates  from  most  of  the  other  counties,  and  his  nomina- 
tion was  assured  some  time  before  the  meeting  of  the  state  conven- 
tion. 

On  May  4th,  the  republican  state  central  committee  met  at  San 
Francisco  and  apportioned  the  representation  in  the  state  conven- 
tion, but  referred  the  matter  of  fixing  the  time  and  place  for  holding 
the  convention  to  its  executive  committee.  On  the  18th,  the  execu- 
tive committee  directed  that  the  convention  be  held  at  Sacramento 
on  June  28th.  Accordingly,  at  1  o'clock  on  the  day  fixed,  the  con- 
vention met  in  the  assembly  chamber,  in  the  state  capitol.  It  was 
called  to  order  by  Walter  Van  Dyke,  chairman  of  the  state  com- 
mittee, and  0.  E.  Filkins  was  elected  temporary  chairman,  without 
opposition.  A  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed,  composed 
of  Henry  Edgerton,  George  0.  Perkins,  A.  W.  Poole,  M.  Ashbury, 
Stephen  Wing,  W.  S.  Wells,  L.  H.  Murch,  E.  Wadsworth,  L.  E. 
Crane,  H.  F.  Page,  E.  L.  Bradley,  H.  0.  Rolfe,  and  others.  While 
the  convention  was  awaiting  the  report  of  the  committees,  it  was 
addressed  by  the  Hon.  John  A.  Bingham,  of  Ohio.  The  committee 
on  credentials  accompanied  their  report  by  a  resolution  that  the 

practice  of  county  committees  selecting  delegates  to  conventions  by 
20 


306       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

themselves,  instead  of  calling  primaries,  should  be  utterly  condemned, 
and  the  resolution  was  adopted.  On  permanent  organization,  Fil- 
kins  was  president,  and  Ool.  J.  D.  Stevenson,  Stephen  Wing,  and 
George  0.  Perkins,  vice-presidents.  The  committee  on  resolutions 
reported  the  following,  which  were  unaminously  adopted : 

1.  That  the  republicans  of  California,  by  their  representatives  in 
state  convention  assembled,  avow  their  determination  to  maintain 
and  perpetuate  the  principles   of   the   national    republican  party. 
That  we  recur  with  pride  and  satisfaction  to  the  many  practical  and 
substantial  triumphs  of  those  principles  achieved  during  the  past  ten 
years,  in  the  coercion  by  force  of  the  rebellious  states  into  obedience 
of  the  federal  constitution  and  laws;  in  maintaining  through  a  long, 
severe,  and  bloody  struggle  the  authority  of  the  general  government 
against  powerful  armies  in  front,  English  and  French  interference 
on  the  flank,  and  the  democratic  party  in  the  rear ;  in  rooting  out 
the  democratic  institution  of  slavery,  and  banishing  it  forever  from 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States;  in  prohibiting  any  state  from 
abridging  the  privilege?  of  any  citizen  of  the  republic ;  in  providing 
irrepealable  guarantees  for  the  payment  of  the  public  debt  incurred 
in  suppressing  the  late  rebellion,  and  securing  the  people  of  all  the 
states  against  being  taxed  for  the  payment  of  the  debt  of  the  late 
rebel  confederacy;  in  declaring  the   civil  and  political  equality  of 
every  citizen,  and  in  establishing  all  these  principles  in  the  federal 
constitution,  by  amendments  thereto,  as  the  permanent  law. 

2.  That  in  Ulysses  S.  Grant  we  recognize  a  large  measure  of  the 
patriotism,  ability,  and  honesty  which  distinguished  the  presidential 
career  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  we  feel  assured  that  the  storm  of 
falsehood  and  petty  slander  directed  against  him  by  the  malice  of 
defeated  enemies  will  no  more  prevail  in  depreciating  his  character 
in   the  minds    of   the   people   than    when    the    same    means  were 
employed  by  the  same  agencies  to  destroy  his  great  co-laborer  and 
predecessor;  that  his  services,  both  military  and  civil,  entitle  him 
to  the  confidence  and  regard  of  the  whole  American  people,  and  give 
assurance  that  the  wisdom,  perseverance,  and  capacity  which  com- 
manded success  at  the  head  of  great  armies  will,  in  the  civil  affairs 
of  the  government,  accomplish  results  equally  important  and  valua- 
ble. 

3.  That  the  present  national  administration,  inaugurated   amid 
political,  civil,  and  social  disorders  incident  to  civil  war,  and  con- 
fronted by  complications,  foreign  and  domestic,  unparalleled  in  their 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  307 

difficulty  and  extent,  has  thus  far  achieved  a  most  gratifying  success, 
and  given  universal  assurances  of  the  stability  and  power  of  popular 
government.  That  by  its  judicious  conduct  of  our  foreign  relations, 
its  firm  and  impartial  attitude  toward  the  great  powers  of  Europe 
recently  involved  in  a  desolating  and  destructive  war,  its  prompt 
and  rigid  enforcement  of  the  laws  of  neutrality,  its  successful  solu- 
tion of  grave  and  threatening  issues  long  pending  between  our  own 
country  and  Great  Britain,  its  wise  and  economical  management  of 
the  national  finances,  its  correction  of  frauds  in  the  revenue  and 
efficient  collection  of  the  same,  its  retrenchment  of  expense  in  all 
the  departments  of  government,  its  reducing  of  the  public  debt  by 
more  than  two  hundred  millions  of  dollars,  its  diminution  of  taxa- 
tion eighty  millions  of  dollars  per  annum,  and  its  establishment  of 
the  public  credit  upon  a  secure  basis,  commands  universal  respect 
at  home  and  abroad,  and  deserves  the  continued  confidence  and  sup- 
port of  the  American  people. 

4.  That  the  concentration  of  the  landed  property  of  the  country 
in  the  possession  and  ownership  of  a  few,  to  the  exclusion  of  the 
many,  is  in  contravention  of  the  theory  of  American  government, 
subversive  of  the  rights,  liberties,  and  happiness  of  the  masses  of  the 
people,  and,  if  permitted,  would  inevitably  terminate  in  the  speedy 
establishment  of  an  aristocracy  upon  the  ruins  of  our  free  institu- 
tions ;  and  we  are  in  favor  of  such  legislation,  both  by  the  nation 
and  the  state,  as  shall  secure  a  just  and  equal  distribution  of  the 
public  lands  remaining  to  them  respectively,  to  actual  settlers  and 
proprietors  in  small  quantities,  at  the  lowest  reasonable  prices,  and 
for  homestead  purposes  only. 

5.  That   the    safety    and    perpetuity    of    republican    institutions 
depend  mainly  upon  popular  education  and  intelligence.      We  there-    , 
fore  approve  and  recommend  a  common  school  system  that  shall  not 
only  extend  its  benefits  to  all,  but  which  shall  be  compulsory  upon 
all — and  we  are  inflexibly  opposed  to  any  application  of  the  public 
school  moneys  with  any  reference  to  distinction  in  religious  creeds. 

6.  That  religious  liberty  in  its  broadest  sense  is  a  fundamental 
principle  of  American  government;  and  legislative  enactments  hav- 
ing in  view  the  establishment  of  creeds,  the  regulation  of  modes  of 
worship,  or  the  enforcement  of  religious  observances  of  any  kind,  are 
inconsistent  therewith,  and  invasions  of  the  rights  of  the  citizen. 

7.  That  the  presence  in  our  midst  of  a  large  number  of  Chinese, 
who  are  incapable  of  assimilation  with  our  own  race,  ignorant  of  the 
nature  and  forms  of  our  government,  and  who  manifest  no  disposi- 


308       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

tion  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  the  same,  or  to  conform  to  our  own 
manners,  habits,  and  customs,  is  a  serious  and  continuing  injury  to 
the  best  interests  of  the  state;  that  their  employment,  under  the 
plea  of  cheap  wages,  is  offensive  to  the  exalted  American  idea  of  the 
dignity  of  labor,  detrimental  to  the  prosperity  and  happiness  of  our 
laboring  classes,  and  an  evil  that  ought  to  be  abated;  that  while  we 
unsparingly  reproba.te  and  denounce  all  acts  of  violence  wheresoever 
and  by  whomsoever  committed  upon  them,  we  are  inflexibly  opposed 
to  their  admission  to  citizenship,  and  demand  of  the  federal  govern- 
ment the  adoption  of  such  treaty  regulations  and  legislation  as  shall 
discourage  their  further  immigration  to  our  shores. 

8.  That  the  subsidizing  of  railroads,  or  other  private  corporations* 
by  grants  of  public  lands,  or  by  taxation  of  private  property  in  any 
form,  is  contrary  to  sound  maxims  of  government,   productive  of 
gross   corruption  and  abuse,  and  a  plain  invasion  of  the  rights  of 
the  citizen.     And  we   hereby  pledge  the   republican   party  to  an 
uncompromising  opposition  to  any  and  all  legislation  for  such  pur- 
pose; and  whereas,  the  supreme  court  has  decided  that  such  legisla- 
tion is  not  in  conflict   with  the  constitution;  therefore,  resolved, 
that  we  are  in  favor  of  an  amendment  to  that  instrument  prohibiting 
the  enactment  of  any  law  granting  such  subsidies. 

9.  That  we  demand   an  immediate  repeal  of  the  act  of   the  last 
legislature  commonly  known  as  the  "  five  per  cent,  subsidy  law." 

10.  That  the  scandalous  abuse  of  power  exhibited  by  a  demo- 
cratic legislature  in  the  creation  of  useless  offices,  boards,  and  com- 
missions, and  the  exorbitant  increase  of  salaries  and  fees,  for  parti- 
san purposes;  its  palpable  and  wanton  violation  of  a  plain  provision 
of  the  constitution  by  the  infamous  enactment  commonly  known  as 
the  "  lottery  bill;"  its  measureless  subserviency  to  a  corrupt  lobby, 
evinced  by  numerous  profligate  grants  of  subsidies  to  railway  com- 
panies; official  sanction  of  most  of  these  pernicious  measures,  in- 
cluding the  aforesaid  "  lottery  bill,"  by  the  present  democratic  state 
executive,  and,  in  addition  thereto,  his  official  approval  of  a  series 
of  legislative  enactments,  whereby  railway  corporations  have  been 
subsidized  to  the  extent  of  $4,000,000,  afford  convincing  proof  of 
the  apostacy  of  a  democratic  administration  to  all  the  pledges  upon 
the  faith  of  which  it  was  elevated  to  power;  and  that  the  affairs  of 
the  state  cannot  with  safety  be  recommitted  to  its  control. 

11.  That  we  extend  to  our  newly  enfranchised  citizens  a  cordial 
welcome  to  the  rights  of   citizenship  now  permanently  secured  to 
them  after  a  hard-fought  struggle  with  their  old  oppressors;  that 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  3Q9 

they  do  not  underestimate  the  responsibility  which  rests  upon  them 
as  freemen  we  fully  believe;  and  as  they  advance  in  the  path  of 
freedom  and  intelligence,  none  will  regret  the  act  of  justice  by 
which  the  republican  party  gave  to  them  by  constitutional  guaran- 
tees civil  and  political  equality. 

i 
Newton  Booth  was  nominated  for  governor  without  opposition, 

Thomas  H.  Selby  withdrawing. 

On  the  29th,  the  following  additional  nominations  were  made  : 

Romualdo  Pacheco,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  by 
a  vote  of  196  to  131  for  Thomas  B.  Shannon. 

For  secretary  of  state,  N.  M.  Orr,  John  Yule,  L.  H.  Murch,  and 
Drury  Melone  were  named.  First  ballot — Orr,  86;  Yule,  39;  Murch, 
40;  Melone,  157.  All  of  the  candidates  withdrew  except  Melone, 
who  was  nominated  by  acclamation. 

Addison  0.  Niles,  for  supreme  judge,  short  term,  on  the  first 
ballot,  by  a  vote  of  217  to  110  for  J.  B.  Southard. 

A.  L.  Rhodes  for  supreme  judge,  full  term,  without  opposition. 

James  J.  Green  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  169 
to  54  for  Walter  B.  Lyon,  40  for  H.  0.  Weller,  and  73  for  P.  W. 
Bennett. 

Ferdinand  Baehr  for  treasurer,  without  opposition. 

For  surveyor-general,  A.  S.  Easton,  Sherman  Day,  Charles  G. 
Bockius,  and  Robert  Gardner,  were  presented.  First  ballot — Easton, 
53;  Day,  109;  Rockins,  55;  Gardner,  107.  Rockius  withdrew,  and 
on  the  second  ballot  Gardner  was  nominated. 

For  attorney-general,  Walter  Van  Dyke,  John  Lord  Love,  J.  G. 
Eastman,  Lewis  Shearer,  and  L.  B.  Mizner  were  named.  During 
the  first  ballot  Van  Dyke  and  Shearer  withdrew,  and  Love  received 
173  votes,  and  was  declared  the  nominee. 

For  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  Charles  Grunsky,  Frank  J. 
French,  Henry  McCrea,  Grant  I.  Taggart,  and  J.  G.  Moore  were 
placed  before  the  convention.  First  ballot — Grunsky,  108;  French, 
13;  McCrea,  9;  Taggart,  153;  Moore,  45.  French  and  Moore  with- 
drew. On  the  second  ballot  Taggart  was  nominated  by  a  vote  of 
176  to  152  for  Grunsky. 

H.  N.  Bolander,  for  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  with- 
out opposition. 

Thomas  A.  Springer,  for  printer,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of 
175  to  146  for  John  G.  Howell. 

For  harbor  commissioner,  S.  S.  Tilton,  John  A.  McGlynn,  A.  J. 


310       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Bryant,  Charles  B.  Porter,  and  B.  N.  Bugbey  were  named.  Tilton 
withdrew.  First  ballot — Bryant,  55;  Porter,  61;  Bugbey,  86; 
McGlynn,  124.  Bryant  withdrew.  On  the  second  ballot  McGlynn 
was  nominated  by  a  vote  of  207  to  38  for  Porter,  and  82  for 
Bugbey. 

A  state  central  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  Walter 
Murray,  I.  A.  Ammerman,  H.  S.  Sargent,  A.  J.  Rhoads,  H.  F. 
Page,  J.  P.  Ames,  J.  E.  Hale,  E.  L.  Sullivan,  M.  M.  Estee,  W.  W. 
Dodge,  W.  W.  Crane,  Jr.,  and  others. 

On  June  30th,  the  republican  first  district  convention  met  at  San 
Francisco.  Thomas  H.  Selby  was  unanimously  nominated  for 
congressman,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  wait  on  him  and 
tender  him  the  nomination.  Selby  positively  declined  to  accept. 
S.  0.  Houghton,  R.  G.  McClellan,  and  W.  H.  Sears  were  then  pro- 
posed. McClellan  withdrew,  and  Houghton  was  nominated  on  the 
first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  86  to  39  for  Sears. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  June  29th, 
and  Aaron  A.  Sargent  was  unanimously  nominated  for  congressman. 

On  June  21st,  the  third  district  convention  met  at  Marys ville. 
John  M.  Coghlan,  Charles  F.  Reed,  Jesse  0.  Goodwin,  and  0.  B. 
Denio  were  placed  in  nomination  for  member  of  congress.  First 
ballot— Coghlan,  39;  Reed,  27;  Goodwin,  24;  Denio,  6.  On  the  third 
ballot  Coghlan  was  nominated  by  a  vote  of  62,  to  27  for  Reed  and 
13  for  Goodwin. 

J  During  the  campaign,  clubs^  composed  of  colored  men  were  organ- 
;ed  in  the  larger  cities,  and  addresses  were  issued  urging  every 
:>lored  citizen  to  support  the  republican  ticket;  and  the  advice  was 
enerally  followed.  This  element  manifested  a  disposition  to  de- 
Land  the  rights  which  had  ever  been  denied  them,  and  in  January, 
b  an  emancipation  celebration  meeting  in  San  Francisco,  the  follow- 
ig  resolutions  were  adoptecTT 

1.  That  we  must  make  our  future  political  watchword  admission 
to  our  public  schools  for  every  child  in  the  state,  without  regard  to 
color. 

2.  That  we  will  vote  for  no  man,  for  any  position,  who  is  opposed 
to  that  means  of  justice. 

During  the  campaign,  Mark  M.  Pomeroy  ("Brick")  delivered  sev- 
eral speeches  in  the  interest  of  the  democratic  ticket,  and  a  report 


RESULT  OF  GUBERNATORIAL  ELECTION.        31 1 

that  he  had  announced  his  intention  to  deliver  a  lecture  at  Oakland, 
showing  the  necessity  for  the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln, 
greatly  excited  the  citizens  of  that  place,  and  threats  were  freely 
made  that  he  would  be  prevented  from  delivering  his  lecture.  The 
democrats  denied  that  Pomeroy  had  expressed  such  an  intention. 
On  August  22d  a  republican  club  of  that  city  resolved: 

1.  That  the  city  of  Oakland  is  not  the  locality  where  an  applaud- 
ing crowd  of  rebels  and  their  sympathizers  may  be  entertained  with 
the  glorification  of  assassins  hired  by  the  late  so-called  confederate 
government. 

2.  That  the  members  of  this  club  hereby  pledge  their  honor  that 
no  such  an  address  as  the  one  above  indicated  shall  be  delivered  in 
Oakland. 

3.  That  instead  of  adjourning  sine  die  after  the  election  this  club 
holds  itself   in  readiness  to  assemble  at  the  call  of   the  president, 
which  call  shall  be  issued  as  soon  as  published  notice  is  given  of  the 
intention  to  deliver  said  lecture. 

4.  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions  be  forwarded  to  M.  M.  Pom- 
eroy, through  the  democratic  central  committee. 

Pomeroy  made  no  attempt  to  deliver  the  lecture. 

The  general  election  was  held  on  Wednesday,  September  6th,  and 
the  official  canvass  of  the  votes  that  had  been  polled  developed  the 
following  results:  For  governor — Booth,  62,581;  Haight,  57,520. 
Lieutenant-governor — Pacheco,  62,555;  Lewis,  57,397.  Secretary 
of  state— Melone,  61,750;  Brown,  57,907.  Controller— Green,  62,- 
708;  DeWitt,  57,181.  Treasurer— Baehr,  62,467;  Coronel,  57,515. 
Surveyor-general — Gardner,  61,967;  Bost,  57,866.  Attorney-gen- 
eral— Love,  61,726;  Hamilton,  58,161.  Clerk  of  the  supreme  court 
— Taggart,  62,422;  Laspeyre,  57,469.  Printer— Springer,  62,650; 
Barry,  57,043.  Harbor  commissioner — McGlynn,  58,626;  Rosen- 
feld,  60,353.  Members  of  congress:  First  district — Houghton,  25,- 
971;  Archer,  24  374.  Second  district— Sargent,  18,065;  Coffroth, 
15,382.  Third  district— Coghlan,  18,503;  Pearce,  17,309.  All  of 
the  nominees  of  the  republican  party  were  elected  except  McGlynn. 
The  judicial  and  school  election  was  held  on  Wednesday,  October 
18,  and  resulted  as  follows,  all  of  the  republican  nominees  being  suc- 
cessful: For  justice  of  the  supreme  court  (full  term) — Rhodes,  46,- 
829;  Wright,  36,606.  Justice  of  the  supreme  court  (to  fill  the  San- 


312       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

derson  vacancy) — Niles,  47,373;  Temple,  36,500.  Superintendent  of 
public  instruction— Bolander,  48,860;  Fitzgerald,  34,212. 

It  had  been  the  custom  in  the  state  for  the  various  political  par- 
ties to  print  their  tickets  in  a  manner  to  make  it  inconvenient,  if 
not  impossible,  to  change  them  in  any  particular,  and  to  print  con- 
spicuous figures  or  marks  upon  the  backs  by  which  their  character 
could  be  ascertained  as  voters  handed  them  to  the  officers  of  election. 
Tickets  were  printed  without  margins,  on  so  poor  a  quality  of  paper 
that  "scratches"  could  not  be  written  upon  them,  and  in  other  in- 
stances the  names  of  the  candidates  and  designation  of  offices  were 
printed  in  curved  lines  to  prevent  "pasters"  from  being  used.  The 
republican  tickets  used  at  the  September  election  at  Vallejo  and 
Mare  Island  went  to  a  greater  extremity  than  had  before  been 
practiced.  They  were  used  principally  among  the  men  employed 
at  the  United  States  navy  yard;  the  tickets  were  rather  more  than 
half  an  inch  in  width  by  five  and  one-half  inches  in  length.  They 
were  printed  without  margins,  in  the  very  finest  type  set  solid,  the 
lines  running  lengthwise,  and  on  thin  cardboard.  A  colored  figure 
was  printed  on  the  back.  There  was  no  opportunity  afforded  to 
change  a  ballot  either  by  writing  or  pasting.  Ballots  narrower, 
but  in  all  other  respects  similar,  were  used  at  the  judicial  election. 
The  use  of  these  ballots  excited  discussion  as  to  the  propriety  of  a 
uniform  ballot  law,  to  prevent  the  abuses  to  which  the  use  of  the 
prevalent  styles  of  tickets  had  subjected  voters. 


CHAPTER     XXIII. 

1872.  Republican  Convention,  April  25th — Democratic  Convention — 
Republican  Convention,  August  ist — Liberal  Republican  Movement 
— Straight-out  Democrats. 

The  republican  state  central  committee  met  at  San  Francisco  on 
March  4th  and  issued  a  call  for  a  state  convention  of  325  members, 
to  be  held  at  Sacramento  on  April  25th,  to  select  delegates  to 
attend  the  national  convention  to  meet  at  Philadelphia  on  June 
5th.  At  1  o'clock  on  the  day  mentioned  the  convention  assembled 
in  the  assembly  chamber  in  the  state  capitol,  and  it  was  called  to 
order  by  E.  L.  Sullivan,  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  Charles 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  313 

E.  Filkins  was  unanimously  elected  president,  and  Glaus  Spreckles, 
W.  H.  Sears,  A.  G.  Abell,  Samuel  Myers,  Joseph  Phelps,  0.  L.  F. 
Brown,  J.  0.  Goodwin,  M.  J.  C.  Calvin,  J.  F.  Tobin,  S.  G.  George, 
W.  H.  Mace,  and  W.  M.  Williamson,  vice-presidents.  The  commit- 
tee on  resolutions  consisted  of  J.  M.  Cavis,  James  A.  Duffy,  J.  H. 
McNabb,  0.  F.  Reed,  Cyrus  Palmer,  and  others,  and  they  reported 
the  following : 

1.  That  we  have  a  firm  and  abiding  faith  in  the  principles  of  the 
republican  party,  and  point  with  pride  to  its  achievements,  believ- 
ing that  the  party  which  brought  order  out  of  chaos,  saved  and  pre- 
served the  nation,  is  alone  worthy  of  administering  its  affairs  in  the 
future. 

2.  That  we  fully  and  heartily  indorse  the  wise,  patriotic,  just  and 
economical  administration  of  U.  S.  Grant  as  president  of  the  United 
States,  and  that  our  delegates  to  the  national  convention  are  hereby 
instructed  to  use  all  honorable  means  to  secure  his  renomination,  he 
being  the  unanimous  choice  of  the  republican  party  of  California. 

3.  That  the  delegates  from  this  state  to   the  national  republican 
convention  are  hereby  instructed  in  the  selection  of  a  candidate  for 
the  vice-presidency  to  vote  as   a   unit  for  the  best  interests  of  the 
republican  party;  and  that  upon  all  questions  arising  in  said  con- 
vention they  are  hereby  instructed  to  cast  the  vote  of  the  state  in 
such  a  manner  as  the  majority  of  the  delegates  may  determine. 

M.  S.  Deal  moved  to  strike  out  so  much  of  the  last  resolution  as 
related  to  matters  other  than  the  selection  of  a  candidate  for  the 
vice-presidency.  Henry  Edgerton  moved  the  following  as  a  substi- 
tute for  the  entire  resolution  : 

3.  That  the  delegates  from  California  to  the  national  convention 
at  Philadelphia  be  instructed  to  vote  as  a  unit  for  the  candidate  for 
vice-president. 

Sears  moved  to  strike  out  the  portion  of  the  resolution  relating  to 
the  candidates  for  vice-president,  but  the  motion  was  lost,  and  the 
Edgerton  substitute  was  adopted.  Sears  offered  the  following, 
which  was  adopted  : 

That  Governor  Newton  Booth,  by  the  prudence  and  wisdom  with 
which  he  has  conducted  the  state  administration,  and  by  his  watch- 
ful regard  for  public  interests,  has  vindicated  the  choice  of  the 
people  in  the  last  election  and  deserves  the  confidence  and  thanks 
of  every  citizen. 


314      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  resolutions  were  then  adopted  as  a  whole,  without  opposition. 

The  following  were  unanimously  selected  as  delegates  to  the 
national  convention  :  First  district — Eugene  L.  Sullivan,  James 
H.  Withington,  and  James  Otis.  Second  district — F.  K.  Shattuck, 
J.  W.  B.  Dickson,  and  H.  S.  Sargent.  Third  district— E.  Wads- 
worth,  A.  D.  Starr,  and  0.  M.  Patterson.  Fourth  district — C.  S. 
Abbott,  Thomas  Fallen,  and  A.  Bronson. 

A  state  central  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Walter 
Murray,  Walter  YanDyke,  M.  0.  Conroy,  John  Sedgwick,  Charles 
F.  Reed,  David  E.  Gordon,  L.  B.  Ayer,  Charles  Marsh,  Cyrus 
Coleman,  Frank  Eastman,  Josiah  Belden,  Alvinza  Hayward,  F.  D. 
Atherton,  Paul  Newman,  C.  N.  Felton,  John  F.  Miller,  William 
Sherman,  E.  B.  Mott,  Jr.,  and  others. 

The  caucus  of  the  second  district  members  was  held  during  a 
recess  of  the  convention,  for  the  purpose  of  agreeing  on  three  dele- 
gates to  be  presented  from  the  district.  The  names  of  F.  K. 
Shattuck,  James  A.  Duffy,  J.  W.  B.  Dickson,  Charles  Kent,  H.  S. 
Sargent,  and  A.  J.  Rhoads  were  proposed.  Duffy  withdrew,  and 
on  the  first  ballot  Shattuck  received  87  votes;  Dickson,  73;  Sargent, 
73;  Rhoads,  16;  Kent,  21,  and  Duffy,  6.  The  first  three  were 
therefore  elected. 

On  May  23d,  the  democratic  state  central  committee  met  at  San 
Francisco.  James  W.  Coffroth  moved  that  the  committee  appoint 
the  delegates  to  attend  the  national  convention  to  meet  at  Baltimore ; 
Frank  McCoppin  moved  as  an  amendment  that  a  state  convention 
be  called,  and  the  latter  motion  carried.  A  resolution  was  then 
adopted  calling  a  state  convention  of  339  members,  to  meet  at  San 
Francisco  on  J  une  1 9th,  to  select  1 2  delegates  to  attend  the  national 
convention,  and  to  nominate  an  electoral  ticket.  In  pursuance  of  this 
call,  the  convention  met  at  12  o'clock  on  the  day  named,  and  was 
called  to  order  by  James  W.  Mandeville,  chairman  of  the  state  com- 
mittee. J.  T.  Farley  and  J.  W.  Coffroth  were  nominated  for  tem- 
porary chairman.  Coffroth  withdrew,  and  Farley  was  unanimously 
elected.  Farley  then  declined,  when  Coffroth  was  chosen.  On  per- 
manent organization,  Coffroth  was  president;  and  Frank  McCoppin, 
W.  Neely  Johnson,  William  McP.  Hill,  John  Daggett,  John  G. 
Downey,  Peter  Donahue,  C.  T.  Ryland,  John  0.  Hays,  Thomas 
Hope,  J.  D.  Carrington,  William  Irwin,  and  others,  vice-presidents. 
The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of  C.  H.  Johnson,  J.  C. 
Martin,  William  Van  Voorhies,  J.  H.  Budd,  J.  W.  Coffroth,  J.  B. 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  315 

Lamar,  John  Daggett,  A.  M.  Rosborough,  P.  W.  Keyser,  George 
E.  Williams,  F.  McCoppin,  William  Watt,  P.  Reddy,  J.  G.  Downey, 
0.  T.  Ryland,  and  others.  A  resolution  was  adopted  to  refer  all 
resolutions  to  this  committee  without  debate.  The  committee  on 
order  of  business  recommended  the  selection  of  12  delegates  to  the 
national  convention — two  from  each  'congressional  district  and  four 
at  large;  and  that  the  state  central  committee  be  authorized  to 
nominate  candidates  for  presidential  electors.  The  following  resolu- 
tions were  reported  by  the  committee  and  adopted  by  the  conven- 
tion : 

1.  That  the  best  interests  of  the  nation  require  a  change  in  the 
administration  of  the  government,  and  all  good  citizens  should  dis- 
regard the  prejudices  and  differences  of  the  past,  and  unite  in  one 
grand  effort  to  restore  the  government  to  its  original  purity. 

2.  That  we  earnestly  condemn  and  protest  against  the  machina- 
tions, tyranny,  extravagance,  and  corruptions  of  the  administration 
of  U.  S.  Grant,  which,  for  lobbying  schemes  and  building  up  mono- 
polies, has  no  parallel  in  the  history  of  our  country. 

3.  That  we  fully  recognize  the  patriotism  and  pure  motives  of 
the  liberal  republicans,  and  trust  that  such  action  may  be  taken  at 
the  Baltimore  convention  as  will  result  in  the  hearty  co-operation  of 
all    parties  opposed   to   the   present   administration,   and   that  we 
recommend  to  the  consideration  of  the  national  democratic  conven- 
tion the  principles  enunciated  in  the  platform  of  the  Cincinnati  con- 
vention. 

4.  That  having  an  abiding  confidence  in  the  wisdom  and  patriot- 
ism of  the  democratic  national  convention  soon  to  be  assembled  at 
Baltimore,  we  pledge  ourselves  to  give  the  nominees  of  that  conven- 
tion a  hearty  support. 

5.  That  we  leave  our  delegates  to  the  national  convention  free 
and  untrammelled,  believing  that  wise  counsels  and  devoted  patriot- 
ism will  govern  their  action. 

The  following  resolutions  were  presented  by  Menzies,  but  they 
were  sent  to  the  committee  on  resolutions,  without  reading,  and 
were  not  reported  to  the  convention  : 

1.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  a  tariff  for  revenue  only  and  pronounce 
the  protective  system  as  unjust,  oppressive,  prolific  of  corruption, 
and  injurious  to  the  best  interests  of  the  country.  That  the  tariff 
regulations  of  the  republican  party  have  destroyed  our  shipping, 


316      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

paralyzed   industry  and   plundered   the   people  for  the   benefit    of 
monopolists. 

2.  That  we  are  uncompromisingly  opposed  to  the  granting  of  Goat 
island  to  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  or  any  other  railroad,  for  rail- 
road purposes,  under  any  circumstances  whatever.  The  preservation 
of  our  noble  harbor,  in  the  interests  of  commerce  and  the  property 
interests  in  this  great  city,  demands  this  public  declaration  from  the 
democratic  state  convention,  and  we  pledge  our  candidates  in  good 
faith  to  oppose  any  act  which  would  grant  Goat  island  for  railroad 
purposes. 

On  the  20th,  the  convention  elected  a  state  central  committee, 
consisting  of  P.  W.  Murphy,  P.  0.  Hundley,  R.  Beverly  Cole,  Tyler 
Curtis,  E.  R.  Galvin,  J.  W.  Coffroth,  John  Daggett,  Dr.  J.  E.  Pel- 
ham,  C.  E.  Wilcoxson,  J.  T.  Farley,  Wm.  Hayes,  J.  B.  Sensabaugh, 
Jo  Hamilton,  Paul  Shirley,  Thomas  Laspeyre,  J.  P.  Hoge,  R.  Watt, 
E.  J.  Lewis,  Michael  Hayes,  W.  F.  White,  and  others. 

George  Pearce  offered  the  following  resolution,  but  no  action  was 
taken  on  it : 

That  the  democracy  of  California  recognize  the  right  of  a  demo- 
cratic convention,  state  or  federal,  to  meet  and  adjourn  either  with 
or  without  designating  or  naming  a  partisan  candidate  of  the  democ- 
racy, but  utterly  deny  the  authority  of  such  a  convention  to  nomi- 
nate other  than  a  democratic  partisan  as  their  candidate  for  any 
elective  office  in  their  gift. 

The  following  were  selected  as  delegates  to  the  national  conven- 
tion: First  district,  0.  T.  Ryland  and  McD.  R.  Venable;  second 
district,  Robert  0.  Cravens  and  George  D.  Roberts ;  third  district, 
Joseph  C.  Wolfskill  and  W.  F.  Goad;  fourth  district,  Frank 
McCoppin  and  Henry  George — all  of  whom  were  elected  by  acclama- 
tion. James  H.  Hardy,  J.  G.  Downey,  William  M.  Gwin,  Samuel 
Butterworth,  James  H.  Lawrence,  Eugene  Casserly,  Charles  L. 
Weller,  Martin  Tarpey,  J.  D.  Cochrane,  T.  G.  Cockrill,  H.  C.  Pat- 
rick, and  Thomas  Hope  were  placed  in  nomination  for  delegates  at 
large.  Lawrence  and  Weller  withdrew,  and  on  the  first  ballot, 
Downey,  Hardy,  Gwin,  and  Casserly  were  selected,  the  vote  being : 
Downey,  239;  Hardy,  244;  Casserly,  185;  Gwin,  170;  Patrick, 
117;  Butterworth,  90;  Tarpey,  82;  Cochrane,  89  ;  Cockrill,  48,  and 
Hope,  16. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  317 

U.  S.  Grant  and  Henry  Wilson  were  nominated  respectively  for 
president  and  vice-president  of  the  United  States  on  the  6th  day  of 
June,  and  the  republican  state  central  committee  immediately  met 
and  called  a  state  convention  of  325  delegates,  to  meet  at  Sacra- 
mento on  August  1st,  for  the  purpose  of  nominating  an  electoral 
ticket.  At  1 1 :30  o'clock  on  the  day  named  the  convention  met  in 
the  assembly  chamber  and  was  called  to  order  by  John  F.  Miller,  a 
member  of  the  state  committee.  J.  G.  Eastman  was  elected  tem- 
porary chairman  without  opposition.  The  committee  on  resolutions 
consisted  of  W.  E.  Lovett,  P.  J.  Hopper,  M.  S.  Deal,  Walter  Van 
Dyke,  Henry  Bahr,  J.  H.  McNabb,  W.  JST.  DeHaven,  0.  A.  Puring- 
ton,  and  J.  E.  Wyman.  On  permanent  organization,  Eastman  was 
president,  and  T.  B.  McFarland,  George  C.  Perkins,  J.  W.  North, 
and  Joseph  Lipman,  vice-presidents. 

The  following  resolutions  were  reported  and  unanimously  adopted: 

1.  That  the  republican   party  of  California,  in  convention  assem- 
bled, heartily  indorse  the  declaration  of  principles  embodied  in  the 
platform  of  the  national  convention  of  the  republican  party,  adopted 
at  Philadelphia,  and  pledge  themselves  to  the  cordial  support  of  the 
standard  bearers  there  selected   for  president  and  vice-president  of 
the  United  States. 

2.  That  in  U.  S.  Grant  we  recognize  the  patriot  and   statesman 
under  whose  leadership  the  union  was   preserved,  and  whose  record 
as  a  soldier  is  fully  equalled  by  his  wise  and  prudent  administration 
of  national  affairs,  by  which  peace  has  been  restored  and  the  union 
cemented,  debt  and   taxation  greatly  reduced,  and  the  national  flag 
respected  throughout  the  world. 

3.  That  in  Henry  Wilson  we  hail  the  true  friend  of  labor,  whose 
whole  career  has  illustrated  that  the  republic  recognizes  true  merit 
in  her  sons,  who,  by  their  ability,   honesty,  and    worth,    commend 
themselves  to  the  confidence  of  the  people. 

4.  That  General  U.  S.  Grant  and  Henry  Wilson,  by  their  course 
in  civil  life,  and  by  their  public  and  official  acts,  have  proved  them- 
selves to  be  the  true,  fast   and   firm   friends  of    labor  and    labor 
reform. 

5.  That  the  party    claiming  to   be   followers    of    Jefferson    and 
Jackson,  that  originated  and  enunciated  the  doctrine  of  "principles, 
not  men,"  having  by  indorsement  of  Greeley  and  the  Cincinnati  plat- 
form, made  an  unconditional  surrender  of    all  that  was  left  of  its 
political  principles,  it  only  remains  for  the  national  republican  party, 


318       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

by  its  votes  on    November   6,    1872,  to  consign  it  with    its  unholy 
coalition,  to  political  oblivion  forever. 

6.  That  republicans  need  no  "new  departure,"  and  have  no  faith 
in  that  so-called  liberal  reform  which  involves  desertion  of  true  and 
tried  leaders,  or  abandonment  of  the   principles  of  republican  gov- 
ernment and  the  rights  of  man. 

7.  That  we  fully  concur  in  the  opinion  of  Horace  Greeley,  that 
General  Grant  never  has  been  beaten  and  never  will  be,  and  we  pro- 
pose to  fight  it  out  on  this  line  until  November,  when  said  predic- 
tion will  be  fully  realized  by  the  verdict  of  the  American  people. 

The  following  were  nominated  for  presidential  electors,  without 
opposition:  First  district,  Glaus  Spreckles;  second  district,  James 
E.  Hale;  third  district,  Jesse  0.  Goodwin;  fourth  district,  T.  H. 
Rose;  at  large,  John  B.  Felton  and  John  F.  Miller. 

In  like  manner  the  following  were  nominated  .  for  alternate  elec- 
tors: First  district,  A.  R.  Baldwin;  second  district,  S.  W.  Sperry; 
third  district,  Isaac  G.  Wickersham;  fourth  district,  W.  Canfield; 
at  large,  F.  E.  Spencer  and  Benjamin  Shurtleff. 

f  The  first  district  republican  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on 
\  August  15th,  and  adopted  resolutions  endorsing  the  national  ticket 
I  and  platform,  and  opposing  the  granting  of  Goat  island  to  any  cor- 
\  poration.  The  names  of  Henry  Baker,  Charles  Clayton,  J.  C. 
Merrill,  A.  D.  Splivalo  and  Cornelius  Cole  were  presented  as  candi- 
dates for  the  congressional  nomination.  All  were  withdrawn  except 
Clayton,  but  some  of  his  opponents  insisted  upon  a  ballot  being 
taken.  Clayton  was  nominated  upon  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of 
55,  to  5  for  Cole.  The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacra- 
mento on  August  1st.  H.  F.  Page,  Charles  A.  Tuttle,  Nathan  Por- 
ter, and  J.  M.  Cavis  were  placed  in  nomination.  On  the  first  ballot 
Page  had  43  votes;  Tuttle,  7;  Porter,  27,  and  Cavis,  15.  The  result 
was  the  same  on  the  second  ballot,  except  that  Page  drew  one  vote 
from  Porter  and  one  from  Tuttle.  On  the  third  ballot  Page  drew 
two  more  votes  from  Tuttle,  when  the  entire  Sacramento  delegation 
voted  for  him,  and  he  was  nominated. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Washington,  Yolo  county, 
on  August  2d,  and  renominated  John  M.  Coghlan,  without  opposi- 
tion. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  August  1st, 
and  renominated  S.  0.  Houghton,  by  acclamation. 


THE  LIBERAL  PARTY.  319 

On  May  3d,  Horace  Greeley  was  nominated  for  president  of  the 
United  States  by  a  convention  at  Cincinnati,  which  adopted  the 
name  of  "Liberal  Republican"  for  a  new  political  party,  which  was 
designed  to  occupy  the  middle  ground  between  the  then  existing 
national  parties.  On  the  22d,  a  meeting  was  held  at  San  Francisco 
for  the  purpose  of  organizing  the  party  in  the  state.  F.  M.  Pixley 
stated  the  object  of  the  meeting,  and  J.  F.  Chellis  was  made  chair- 
man. A  committee  was  appointed  to  correspond  with  the  friends 
of  the  movement  in  the  various  counties  and  to  appoint  a  state 
central  committee,  consisting  of  A.  J.  Bryant,  S.  S.  Tilton,  George 
Barstow,  Thomas  Gray,  F.  M.  Pixley,  J.  P.  H.  Wentworth,  J.  A. 
McGlynn,  and  others.  This  committee  appointed  a  state  committee, 
consisting  of  George  Barstow,  George  D.  Nagle,  Seth  Wetherbee,  S. 
S.  Tilton,  F.  B.  Taylor,  M.  Fennell,  E.  L.  Beard,  J.  H.  Keyes,  J. 
Winchester,  J.  W.  Snowball,  0.  G.  Bockius,  William  Sexton,  A.  J. 
Snyder,  and  others. 

On  August  3d,  the  state  central  committees  of  the  democratic 
and  liberal  republican  parties  met  jointly  at  San  Francisco  and 
nominated  the  following  Greeley  and  Brown  electoral  ticket :  F. 
M.  Pixley,  J.  C.  Shorb,  F.  H.  Rosenbaum,  Jo  Hamilton,  John 
Yule,  and  Peter  Donahue.  The  following  were  nominated  for  alter- 
nate electors :  Albert  Hagan,  Austin  Sperry,  Juan  B.  Castro, 
Robert  McGarvey,  John  Daggett,  and  A.  J.  Spencer.  A  state 
executive  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  the  following : 
Democrats — Michael  Hayes,  William  Hayes,  J.  W.  Coffroth,  Robert 
Watt,  Tyler  Curtis,  R.  Beverly  Cole,  J.  P.  Hoge,  Frank  Lawton. 
Liberals— E.  W.  Corbett,  Seth  H.  Wetherbee,  S.  S.  Tilton,  W.  0. 
Schmidt,  S.  E.  Hart  well,  F.  B.  Taylor,  William  Sexton,  A.  J. 
Snyder. 

The  first  district  liberal  and  democratic  congressional  convention 
met  at  San  Francisco  on  July  25th,  and  passed  resolutions  en- 
dorsing the  amendments  to  the  federal  constitution,  the  national 
liberal  candidates,  pledging  the  nominee  to  oppose  the  granting  of 
Goat  island  to  any  railroad,  and  in  favor  of  building  another  rail- 
road line  to  the  east  below  the  snow  belt.  The  candidates  before 
the  convention  were  W.  A.  Piper,  Thomas  N".  Wand,  Frank  M. 
Pixley,  R.  Beverly  Cole,  and  Leander  Quint.  On  the  first  ballot 
Piper  had  43  votes;  Wand,  8;  Pixley,  2;  Cole,  1,  and  Quint,  1,  and 
Piper  was  declared  to  be  the  nominee. 


320      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  second  district  democratic  and  liberal  conventions  met  sep- 
arately, at  Sacramento  on  September  4th,  but  coalesced,  and  nomi- 
nated Paschal  Coggins  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Henry  Larkin,  and 
G.  J.  Carpenter.  The  ballot  stood :  Democratic  delegates — 
Coggins,  33;  Carpenter,  28;  Larkin,  24.  Liberal  delegates — 
Coggins,  43.  A  series  of  anti-monopoly  resolutions  were. adopted. 

The  third  district  joint  convention  was  held  at  Marysville  on 
August  22d.  J.  B.  Lamar,  George  Pearce,  L.  A.  Norton,  and  J. 
K.  Luttrell  were  placed  in  nomination.  All  withdrew  except 
Luttrell,  who  was  nominated  by  acclamation. 

The  fourth  district  democratic  convention  met  at  San  Francisco 
on  June  20th,  and  on  the  first  ballot  nominated  E.  J.  C.  Kewen,  by 
a  vote  of  51,  to  32  for  Lawrence  Archer.  The  liberals  acquiesced 
in  the  nomination. 

On  October  14th,  a  meeting  was  held  at  San  Francisco  of  demo- 
crats who  favored  the  maintaining  of  their  party  organization,  and 
opposed  the  liberal  movement.  A  committee  of  five  was  appointed 
to  prepare  an  address  to  the  people,  and  to  nominate  an  electoral 
ticket  in  the  interest  of  Charles  O'Conor  and  John  Quincy  Adams, 
who  had  been  nominated,  respectively,  for  president  and  vice-presi- 
dent by  the  national  democratic  convention.  This  committee  made 
the  following  nominations:  For  presidential  electors— J.  Mora 
Moss,  Jackson  Temple,  Zach.  Montgomery,  William  J.  Graves,  M. 
R.  0.  Pulliam,  and  A.  J.  King.  For  alternate  electors — G.  W 
Hunter,  E.  F.  McCarthy,  Daniel  Taylor,  A.  P.  Bernard,  E.  N. 
Foote,  and  Charles  E.  Beau.  A  state  central  committee  was 
selected,  consisting  of  John  Nugent,  Charles  T.  Botts,  Thomas 
Golden,  W.  D.  Sawyer,  James  C.  Goods,  N.  P.  Jones,  E.  A.  Rock- 
well, James  Van  Ness,  George  Seckel,  Jacob  R.  Snyder,  and  others. ' 
On  the  18th,  Temple  declined  the  nomination  for  elector,  and  John 
Nugent  was  placed  on  the  ticket  in  his  stead.  On  the  29th,  the 
state  central  committee  made  the  following  nominations  for  con- 
gressmen :  First  district,  W.  D.  Sawyer;  second  district,  G.  W. 
Hunter;  third  district,  J.  N.  Bailhache;  fourth  district,  James  Van 
Ness.  Hunter,  on  November  1st,  declined  to  run. 

During  the  campaign  the  principal  speakers  were:  Republican — 
John  F.  Swift,  H.  F.  Page,  J.  M.  Coghlan,  J.  G.  Eastman,  John  F. 
Miller,  J.  M.  Cavis,  George  0.  Gorham,  S.  J.  Finney,  0.  H.  La 
Grange,  S.  0.  Houghton,  Henry  Edgerton,  John  B.  Felton,  John  L. 
Love,  George  M.  Pinney,  H.  G.  Rollins,  and  Warner  Oliver. 


RESULT  OF  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION.  321 

Liberal — M.  M.  Estee,  P.  Ooggins,  J.  K.  Luttrell,  Jo  Hamilton, 
James  T.  Farley,  N.  Greene  Curtis,  Henry  Larkin,  G.  J.  Carpenter, 
W.  B.  0.  Brown,  W.  W.  Pendegast,  F.  M.  Pixley,  P.  F.  Walsh, 
Creed  Haymond,  Stuart  M.  Taylor,  Eugene  Casserly,  J.  0.  Shorb, 
J.  B.  Frisbie,  E.  J.  C.  Kewen,  William  Irwin,  J.  R.  Sharpstein,  and 
J.  F.  Cowdery. 

The  election  was  held  on  Tuesday,  November  5th,  and  the  official 
canvass  exhibited  the  following  result:  Republican  electors — Fel- 
ton,  54,007;  Spreckles,  54,044;  Goodwin,  54,020;  Miller,  54,013; 
Hale,  54,020;  Rose,  53,998.  Liberal  electors— Shorb,  40,718;  Pix- 
ley, 40,703;  Hamilton,  40,749;  Rosenbaum,  40,674;  Donahue,  40,- 
718;  Yule,  40,717.  Democratic  electors — Moss,  1,068;  Nugent, 
1,035;  Montgomery,  1,064;  Graves,  1,051;  Pulliam,  1,028;  King, 
1,053.  Members  of  congress:  First  district — Clayton,  11,938; 
Piper,  10,882.  Second  district— Page,  13,803;  Coggins,  12,819. 
Third  district— Coghlan,  13,105;  Luttrell,  14,033.  Fourth  district— 
Houghton,  10,391;  Kewen,  9,012.  The  republican  electors  were 
therefore  elected,  and  Clayton,  Page,  Luttrell,  and  Houghton  were 
elected  to  congress,  to  take  office  March  4,  1873. 

The  republican  presidential  electors  met  at  the  state  capitol  on 
December  4,  and  cast  the  six  votes  of  the  state  for  Grant  and 
Wilson.  James  E.  Hale  was  appointed  messenger  to  convey  the 
returns  to  Washington. 


CHAPTER     XXIV. 

1873'  Independent  Movement — San  Francisco  Politics — Republican 
State  Convention — Democratic  State  Convention — Independent 
Party  Organized — Independent  State  Convention. 

Early  in  1873,  the  organization  of  farmers'  clubs  was  very  gen- 
eral in  the  state.  The  clubs  held  weekly  meetings  at  which  sub- 
jects of  interest  to  agriculturists  were  discussed  in  open  session,  but 
soon  the  club  system  was  abandoned  and  a  secret  order  styled  Patrons 
of  Husbandry,  or  grangers,  absorbed  the  membership  of  the  clubs, 
and  by  the  close  of  the  year  most  of  the  clubs  had  ceased  to  exist. 
These  organizations  exerted  considerable  influence  in  the  politics  of 
the  state,  as  the  questions  of  railroad  transportation  rates,  reduc- 
21 


322       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

tion  of  public  expenditures,  etc.,  were  debated  at  the  meetings  and 
acted  upon  by  resolution.  On  April  26th,  the  Vacaville  grange, 
one  of  the  first  organized  in  the  state,  adopted  and  published  the  fol- 
lowing resolutions,  which  are  similar  to  those  afterward  adopted  by 
other  granges  and  clubs: 

1.  That  we  will  support  no  men  for  law  makers,  or  for  adminis- 
trators of  o  ~  laws,  o*'  for  any  position  of  public  trust,  no  matter  to 
what  party       "»"  may  belong,  whose  character  for  integrity  and  hon- 
esty of  pur][j     it   and   whose    fidelity  to   the   true  interests  of  the 
farmer  (which  are  the  true  interests  of  the  country)  are  not  beyond 
a  doubt. 

2.  That  we  wage  no  war  against  railroads  and  other  modes  of 
transportation,  or  upon  grain  buyers,  or  commission  merchants,  only 
so  far  as  their  treatment  of  the  farming  interest  is  manifestly  unjust 
and  oppressive.     So  far  as  they  are  governed  by  honesty  and  fair 
dealing,  our  aims  and  interests  are  identical,  and  we  wish  to  co-op- 
erate with  them  harmoniously.     But  when  they  form  "rings"  or  odi- 
ous combinations  to  oppress  the  farming  interests  and  cripple  and 
crush  out  the  vitality  of  this  great  paramount  industry  of  the  coun- 
try, then  we  may  be  compelled  to  beat  our  plowshares  into  swords 
and  our  pruning  hooks  into  spears,  and  go  after  the  common  enemy. 

The  third  resolution  directed  that  a  copy  be  sent  to  each  grange 
in  the  state  "asking  their  co-operation  in  carrying  out  the  princi- 
ples and  measures  proposed,  so  far  as  they  accord  with  their  ideas 
and  views  of  the  necessity  of  the  case  and  the  exigencies  of  the 
times." 

On  September  24,  1872,  delegates  from  a  number  of  farmers'  clubs 
met  at  Sacramento  and  effected  the  organization  of  the  State  Farm- 
ers' Union,  the  design  of  which  was  to  promote  the  agricultural  and 
industrial  interests  of  the  state.  John  Bidwell  was  elected  presi- 
dent; J.  R  Snyder,  Dr.  E.  S.  Holden,  T.  Hart  Hyatt,  W.  S.  Man- 
love  and  others,  vice-presidents,  and  I.  N.  Hoag,  secretary.  A  called 
meeting  of  the  union  was  held  at  San  Francisco  on  April  9th,  which 
was  attended  'by  delegates  from  about  twenty  different  counties. 
On  the  10th  the  following  resolutions  were  adopted: 

1.  That  the  rates  charged   for  freights  over  the  railroads   in  this 
state  are  ruinous  to  our  agricultural  interests. 

2.  That   in   our   opinion   the  corporations  operating  these  roads, 
being  the  creations  of  law,  are,  and  should  be,  under  control  of  our 


ANTI-RAILROAD  PARTY.  323 

statutes,  and  that  the  maximum  rates  of  freights  should  be  so  fixed 
by  statute  as  to  prevent  extortion,  and  leave  the  producer  a  mar- 
gin of  profit  on  his  productions,  and  that  way  freights  be  charged 
only  in  proportion  to  the  distance  the  freight  is  sent  with  the  charges 
for  through  freight. 

3.  That  if  we  find  it  impracticable  under  present  management  of 
such  roads  to  obtain  a  fair   reduction  on   such  freights,     re  will  agi- 
tate the  subject,  and  insist  that  the  railroads  built    b1      loney  of  the 
government  shall  be  operated   by  the  governmei.     L     •    e  interest  of 
the  people,  rather  than  by  private  persons  for  personal  aggrandize- 
ment. 

4.  That  as  these  matters  are  political,  we  will  so  far  make  this  a 
political  body  as   to  cast  our  votes  and   use  our  influence  for  such 
men  for  our  state  legislature  as  will  carry  our  views  into  effect. 

The  fifth,  sixth  and  seventh  resolutions  directed  the  executive 
committee  to  consider  the  propriety  of  utilizing  the  state  prison  labor 
in  the  production  of  grain  sacks  sufficient  for  home  consumption,  to 
be  sold  to  farmers  at  cost.  The  eighth,  ninth  and  tenth  resolutions 
directed  the  committee  to  prepare  plans  for  a  co-operative  bank;  for 
a  co-operative  system  for  selling  agricultural  supplies;  and  to  pro- 
vide storage  for  grain  with  the  intention  of  retaining  it  until  it 
should  bring  the  highest  price. 

The  resolutions  were  adopted,  the  fourth,  by  a  vote  of  38  to  20. 

The  railroad  question  absorbed  the  entire  interest  of  the  cam- 
paign  of  1873  for  the  election  of  the  county  officers  and  members  of 
the  legislature.  A  strong  anti-railroad  party  had  grown  up  under 
the  leadership  of  Governor  Booth,  and  with  the  support  of  the 
Sacramento  Union  and  other  prominent  journals,  although  it  had 
no  organization.  Within  the  republican  party  Booth  had  a 
numerous  and  active  following  to  second  his  aspirations  for  the 
United  States  senatorship,  to  succeed  Oasserly,  and  some  of  the 
republican  county  conventions  pledged  their  candidates  for  the 
legislature  to  support  Booth  for  senator.  It  was  urged  by  the 
Booth  republicans  that  the  organization  of  the  party  in  the  state 
was  in  the  hands  of  men  under  the  railroad  influence,  and  that  the 
party  managers  frequently  misused  their  power.  The  first  'open 
bolt  occurred  in  Sacramento  county.  The  republican  committee  of 
that  county,  on  May  28th,  issued  a  call  for  a  Crawford  primary,  to 
be  held  on  June  7th,  to  select  delegates  to  the  county  convention. 
On  the  29th,  a  meeting  of  the  Booth  republicans  was  held  and  a 


324      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

resolution  was  passed  objecting  to  the  call,  because  the  time  was  too 
short  for  the  voters  to  prepare  for  the  election;  because  a  demo- 
cratic primary  was  to  be  held  on  the  same  day,  "  giving  color  to  the 
belief  that  the  same  voters,  in  the  interest  of  the  same  parties, 
were  intended  to  be  used  to  carry  both  elections;  because  the  ap- 
pointment of  delegates  and  the  election  of  officers  of  the  primary 
was  unfair."  A  committee  was  appointed  to  wait  on  the  county 
committee  and  to  request  a  postponement  of  the  primary  for  one 
week,  and  a  representation  on  the  boards  of  election.  On  June 
2d,  this  committee  reported  that  the  central  committee  had  refused 
to  make  any  change  in  the  call.  The  Booth  meeting  then  appointed 
a  committee  of  thirteen  to  arrange  for  an  independent  primary  and 
convention.  This  committee  adopted  the  name  "  Independent  Tax- 
payers' Party,"  and  called  a  primary  for  June  21st,  at  which  all 
were  invited  to  vote  who  had  not  voted  at  any  previous  primary, 
and  who  would  support  the  ticket  to  be  nominated  by  the  conven- 
tion. On  the  4th,  the  committee  issued  a  call  to  the  people,  denn- 
ing the  object  of  the  movement  to  be  to  elect  members  to  the 
legislature  who  would  command  the  confidence  of  the  whole  people, 
and  who  would  be  free  from  the  control  of  rings  and  corrupt  com- 
binations. They  also  declared  that  they  would  act  independent  of 
party.  The  convention  met  on  the  26th,  and  nominated  Henry 
Edgerton  for  state  senator,  and  a  complete  legislative  and  county 
ticket.  The  party  was  christened  by  its  opponents  the  "  Dolly 
Varden  "  party.  A  similar  movement  was  inaugurated  soon  after- 
ward in  most  of  the  counties,  resulting  in  placing  three  tickets  in 
the  field.  At  the  September  election  the  "dolly  vardens"  were  gen- 
erally successful. 

In  San  Francisco  the  following  tickets  were  presented  for  the 
September  election,  each  containing  a  full  list  of  legislative  and 
municipal  nominations,  but  the  nominees  for  mayor  and  state 
senators  alone  are  here  given :  Citizens'  Independent — Mayor, 
James  M.  McDonald;  senators,  Philip  A.  Roach  and  Washington 
Bartlett.  Democratic — Mayor,  McDonald;  senators,  Frank  Mc- 
Coppin  and  Roach.  Liberal  Reform — Mayor,  McDonald;  senators, 
McOoppin  and  Roach.  Citizens'  Union — Mayor,  James  Otis; 
senators,  W.  H.  Sears  and  Irving  M.  Scott.  People's  Union — 
Mayor,  Otis;  senators,  A.  S.  Hallidie  and  Bartlett.  Anti-sectarian 
— Senators,  Hallidie  and  Scott.  Republican — Senators,  Sears  and 
Scott.  Taxpayers'  and  People's — Mayor,  Otis.  At  the  election  on 


HARBOR    COMMISSIONERS'    TROUBLES.  325 

September  3d,  Otis  was  elected  Mayor,  by  a  vote  of  13,648,  to 
12,406  for  McDonald.  Roach  and  Bartlett  were  elected  senators, 
Sears  receiving  9,869  votes;  Scott,  6,956;  Hallidie,  9,869;  Bartlett, 
9,551;  McOoppin,  8,512,  and  Roach,  10,134. 

On  January  6th,  a  suit  was  instituted  in  the  district  court  at  San 
Francisco,  by  L.  E.  Crane,  an  expert  who  had  been  appointed  by  the 
governor  to  investigate  the  affairs  of  the  state  board  of  harbor  com- 
missioners, to  oust  John  J.  Marks  and  Jasper  O'Farrell  from  their 
positions  as  members  of  the  board,  because  of  fraud  alleged  to  have 
been  discovered.  Marks  was  also  indicted  by  the  grand  jury  for 
fraud.  Pending  the  civil  suit,  on  February  21st,  Marks  resigned, 
and  Governor  Booth  appointed  Lewis  Cunningham  to  the  position. 
O'Farrell  resigned  later,  and  Samuel  Soule  was  appointed  in 
his  place.  John  Rosenfeld,  the  remaining  member  of  the  board, 
and  who  had  held  the  office  but  a  very  short  time,  also  resigned, 
and  T.  D.  Mathewson  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

On  August  29th,  the  republican  state  central  committee  nomi- 
nated Paul  Newman  for  harbor  commissioner  from  the  state  at 
large;  and  on  the  same  day,  the  democratic  committee  named  John 
W.  Bost  for  the  office.  Bost  was  endorsed  by  the  independents 
generally.  At  the  September  election,  Newman  was  elected,  by  a 
vote  of  31,696,  to  30,867  for  Bost. 

In  San  Francisco,  Charles  L.  Taylor  was  nominated  for  harbor 
commissioner  by  the  citizen's  union,  people's  union  and  taxpayers' 
conventions,  and  Thomas  E.  Farish  by  the  democratic,  citizens',  inde- 
pendent, and  liberal  reform  conventions.  Taylor  was  elected.  Com- 
missions were  issued  to  Newman  and  Taylor  by  Governor  Booth  on 
November  12th. 

On  July  23d,  the  republican  state  central  committee  met  at  San 
Francisco,  and  called  a  state  judicial  convention  of  362  delegates,  to 
meet  at  Sacramento  on  August  20th.  On  August  16th,  another 
meeting  of  the  committee  was  held  at  San  Francisco,  when  a  resolu- 
tion was  unanimously  adopted  postponing  the  meeting  of  the  con- 
vention to  September  16th,  because  no  proclamation  had  been  issued 
by  the  governor  calling  the  state  judicial  election,  and  a  doubt 
existed  whether  one  or  two  judges  of  the  supreme  court  were  to  be 
elected.  Pursuant  to  this  amended  call,  the  convention  met  at  Sac- 
ramento, on  September  16th,  and  was  called  to  order  by  Walter 


326       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Van  Dyke,  the  acting  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  William 
H.  Sears  was  elected  chairman,  without  opposition.  On  motion  of 
H.  F.  Page,  the  convention  decided  to  refer  all  resolutions  to  the 
committee  on  resolutions,  without  debate.  A  committee  on  resolu- 
tions was  appointed,  consisting  of  H.  F.  Page,  E.  P.  Lovejoy,  W.  E. 
Lovett,  G.  M.  Pinney,  M.  C.  Andross,  T.  B.  McFarland,  and  W.  R. 
Wheaton.  The  committee  reported  that  in  their  opinion,  as  the  con- 
vention was  purely  judicial,  it  would  be  improper  to  adopt  a  plat- 
form, and  they  submitted  a  resolution  that  the  convention  would 
not  entertain  any  resolution  relating  to  political  subjects,  and  the 
resolution  was  adopted.  John  B.  Felton  announced  that  I.  S.  Bel- 
cher would  not  be  a  candidate  for  justice  of  the  supreme  court. 

Samuel  H.  Dwinelle  was  nominated  for  judge  of  the  supreme 
court,  to  serve  out  the  term  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Judge 
Sprague,  without  opposition. 

Ansen  Bronson  was  unanimously  nominated  for  judge  of  the 
supreme  court,  to  succeed  Justice  Crockett. 

On  August  26th,  the  democratic  state  central  committee  met  in 
San  Francisco  and  ordered  a  state  judicial  convention  to  be  held  at 
Sacramento,  on  September  17th.  The  primary  test  included  all 
democrats  and  all  persons  who  were  opposed  to  the  national  adminis- 
tration. At  12  o'clock  on  the  day  named,  the  convention  met  and 
was  called  to  order  by  J.  P.  Hoge,  the  committee  chairman.  James 
T.  Farley  was  elected  chairman.  After  a  lengthy  discussion,  the 
convention  decided  to  have  a  committee  on  resolutions  appointed, 
and  W.  W.  Pendegast,  William  Watt,  Delos  Lake,  W.  F.  White, 
G.  J.  Carpenter,  Thomas  P.  Bond,  and  John  G.  Downey  were  selected. 
The  committee  reported  the  following  resolutions,  which  were 
adopted : 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  this  is  a  judicial  convention,  con- 
vened mainly  for  the  purpose  of  selecting  candidates  for  judicial 
positions,  we  nevertheless  deem  it  a  proper  occasion  to  solemnly 
declare  our  views  and  principles;  therefore,  the  democracy  of  Cali- 
fornia, in  state  convention  assembled,  do  adopt  the  following  resolu- 
tions as  a  statement  of  the  principles  which  they  believe  should  be 
carried  into  effect. 

1.  That  we  demand  the  utmost  economy  in  the  management  of 
public  affairs,  and  to  that  end  recommend  the  incoming  state  legis- 
lature to  largely  reduce  the  fees  and  salaries  of  all  public  servants, 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS,  327 

commencing  the  reform  in  the  office  of  the  chief  executive  of  the 
state,  and  prosecuting  the  same  through  all  departments  of  the 
government. 

2.  That  we  unqualifiedly  condemn  the  action  of  the  United  States 
congress  in  enacting  the  law  commonly  known  as  the  "back-pay 
salary  steal,"  as  well  as  the  action  of  the  president  of  the  United 
States  in  approving  the  bill,  whose  sole  recommendation  was  that  it 
made  him  richer  in  dollars. 

3.  That  we  point  to  the  history  of -the  state  and  nation  as  demon- 
strating the  fact  that  the  democratic  party  has  always  been  the 
friend  of  the  people,  the   advocate  of   every   needed  reform,  the 
staunch  defender  of  the  rights  of  the  laborer,  and  the  uncompro- 
mising foe  of  all  monopolies,  railroad  corporations,  or  others,  and  we 
congratulate   ourselves   and   the    people   of    California    that    every 
candidate  at  the  late  election  was  forced  to  plant  himself  squarely 
on  the  good   old   democratic  anti-monopoly   platform,   whether  he 
solicited  votes  under  the  republican  or  democratic  standards,  or  the 
flag  of  an  independent  organization. 

4.  That  we  make  no  war  upon  railroads  as  such,  but  we  protest 
against  their  being  managed  in  the  interests  of  any  ring  or  clique, 
or  political  man  or  party,  and  believing  it  to  be  a  proper  subject  of 
state  legislation,  we  demand  that  such  action  be  taken  by  the  in- 
coming legislature  as  will   properly   adjust  the  vexed  question  of 
railroad  fares  and  freights  so  as  to  enable  the  railroad  companies  to 
earn  a   fair  profit  upon  their  investment,  and  at  the  same  time 
remove  all  onerous  charges  from  the  people,  and  prevent  any  unjust 
discrimination  for  or  against  any  section  of  the  state. 

5.  That  we  regard  the  presence  of  the  Chinese  in  our  midst  as  an 
unmixed  evil,  ruinous  alike  to  the  people  and  the  state,  while  the 
prospect  of  an  increase  of  their  numbers  is  appalling  to  the  hearts  of 
all;  and  we  demand  that  the  incoming  legislature,  through  its  own 
enactments  and  its   urgent    appeals   to    congress,    take    steps    not 
merely  to  prevent  the  further  influx  of  the  mongolian  horde  upon 
us,  but  to  secure  the  speedy  exodus  of  those  already  here;  and  to 
this  end  we  urge  that  measures  be  at  once  instituted  to  decrease  the 
subsidy  to  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company,  and  to  abrogate 
the  so-called  Burlingame  treaty. 

6.  That  we  hail  with  pleasure  the  action  of  the  farmers  in  this 
and  other  states  in  the  formation  of  granges  and  societies  for  the<v 
protection  and  advancement  of  their  own  interests.     We  are  proud 
to  observe  this   class  of   our   people,   hitherto    quiet,   has    of    late 


328      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

asserted  its  rights,  and  is  beginning  to  demonstrate  its  power;  that 
we  now  pledge  ourselves  that  our  candidates  for  all  offices,  legis- 
lative, executive  or  judicial,  shall  be  in  full  sympathy  with  all 
these  farmers  in  all  just  and  honest  demands;  and  that  in  event  of 
their  failure  to  do  so,  they  shall  never  receive  our  support  in  the 
future. 

The  convention  selected  a  state  central  committee,  consisting  of 
P.  0.  Hundley,  R.  B.  Cole,  W.  H.  Oronise,  Caleb  Dorsey,  Harrison 
Guinn,  R.  A.  Thompson,  Thomas  Rector,  John  McMurray,  N.  E. 
Whiteside,  R.  H.  Ward,  William  Watt,  Paul  Shirley,  Thomas 
Laspeyre,  Franklin  Lawton,  W.  B.  0.  Brown,  Grove  L.  Johnson, 
Thomas  N.  Wand,  J.  0.  Pennie,  A.  H.  Rose,  James  T.  Farley,  J. 
P.  Hoge,  and  others. 

Samuel  Bell  McKee  was  nominated  for  justice  of  the  supreme 
court,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Judge  Sprague,  on 
the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  161,  to  121  for  William  0.  Wallace. 

A.  B.  Dibble  moved  to  nominate  Niles  Searls  for  justice  of  the 
supreme  court  to  fill  the  vacancy  should  the  term  of  Judge  Crockett 
be  declared  expired,  but  after  discussion  the  motion  was  withdrawn, 
and  it  was  agreed  that  the  central  committee  should  place  the  name 
of  a  candidate  upon  the  ticket  if  they  should  deem  it  necessary. 

Immediately  when  the  result  of  the  September  election  became 
known  the  suggestion  was  thrown  out  by  the  portion  of  the  press 
that  had  assisted  in  the  election  of  the  independent  legislative  and 
county  tickets,  that  the  advantage  be  followed  up  by  organizing  an 
independent  party  in  the  state,  with  the  view  of  nominating  a  can- 
didate for  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  to  be  voted  for  at  the 
October  election,  and  of  presenting  tickets  at  the  subsequent  state 
elections.  About  the  middle  of  September,  the  independent  county 
committee  of  Sacramento  county  called  a  meeting  for  the  18th,  and 
invited  the  members  of  the  independent  taxpayers'  and  people's 
union  committees  from  the  other  counties  to  attend,  the  object  of 
the  meeting  being  to  take  steps  leading  to  a  state  organization.  A. 
P.  Catlin  called  the  meeting  to  order,  and  Edward  Gibbons  was 
elected  chairman,  on  motion  of  John  F.  Swift.  Catlin  offered  the 
following  resolution : 

That  in  the  opinion  of  this  meeting,  the  people  of  this  state  de- 
mand, and,  therefore,  it  is  expedient,  that  a  state  organization  of  an 
independent  people's  party  be  immediately  formed;  and  to  that  end 


INDEPENDENT  CONVENTION.  329 

that  a  state  central  committee  be  formed,  and  that  steps  be 
at  once  taken  to  put  before  the  people  nominations  for  justices  of 
the  supreme  court,  and  to  call  a  state  convention. 

A  division  of  the  question  was  ordered  on  the  resolution  and  the 
first  branch  was  unanimously  adopted.  The  last  branch  was  then 
withdrawn.  On  motion  of  Samuel  T.  Leet,  a  committee  of  seven 
was  appointed,  consisting  of  Leet,  Oatlin,  Swift,  F.  T.  Baldwin,  J. 
G.  Howell,  B.  F.  Myers  and  P.  Van  Clief,  to  prepare  a  plan  for  a 
state  organization.  The  committee,  recommended  the  calling  of  a 
state  convention,  to  meet  at  Sacramento  on  September  25th.  The 
call  recited: 

The  representatives  of  the  several  county  independent  organiza- 
tions, believing  it  expedient  for  the  public  good  to  form  a  state 
organization  opposed  to  monopolies,  and  to  all  forms  of  partial  and 
special  legislation,  and  in  favor  of  consolidating  and  organizing  into 
actual  and  effective  form  the  sentiment  of  the  people  of  California 
upon  all  questions  of  reform  in  legislation,  especially  with  respect  to 
securing  the  rights  of  the  people  in  the  contest  now  being  waged 
between  them  and  the  railroad  power  of  the  state  and  nation,  and 
other  monopolies,  and  having  in  view  the  approaching  judicial  elec- 
tion, as  well  as  political  movements  of  a  like  character  in  other 
states,  request  that  delegates  be  sent  to  a  state  convention  to  be 
held  in  Sacramento  on  September  25th,  from  every  county  in  the 
state,  to  perfect  a  state  organization,  to  nominate  one  or  more 
justices  of  the  supreme  court,  to  appoint  a  state  central  committee, 
and  transact  such  other  business  as  may  come  before  it.'  In  counties 
where  independent  movements  are  already  established,  the  delegates 
to  be  selected  by  or  under  the  central  committees  of  such  inde- 
pendent organizations.  In  counties  where  such  movements  have  not 
yet  been  made,  the  delegates  to  be  selected  by  patrons  of  husbandry, 
or  other  associations  or  persons  in  sympathy  with  our  movement. 

The  report  was  unanimously  adopted.  About  sixty  persons  took 
part  in  the  meeting. 

9 

The  people's  independent  judicial  state  convention  met  at  Sacra- 
mento on  September  25th,  and  was  called  to  order  by  Edward  Gib- 
bons, who  announced  that  the  object  of  the  convention  was  to 
organize  the  independent  party,  and  to  consider  the  propriety  of 
nominating  candidates  for  justices  of  the  supreme  court.  Jonas  Spect 
was  unanimously  elected  temporary  chairman,  P.  Van  Clief  with- 


330      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

drawing.  A  motion  by  J.  W.  Dwinelle  that  all  resolutions  offered 
before  the  convention  be  referred  to  the  committee  on  resolutions 
without  debate,  was  discussed  by  Dwinelle,  W.  C.  Norton,  James 
Johnson,  William  Jones,  C.  0.  Terrill,  A.  Maurice,  jr.,  and  Alex- 
ander Campbell,  jr.,  and  finally  withdrawn.  A  committee  on  resolu- 
tions was  appointed  consisting  of  Alexander  Campbell,  jr.,  J.  W. 
Dwinelle,  A.  P.  Catlin,  G.  T.  Elliott,  W.  S.  Buckley,  W.  C.  Norton, 
W.  Jeff.  Gatewood,  M.  C.  Winchester,  J.  R.  Sharpstein,  C.  C.  Ter- 
rill, and  I.  N.  Randolph.  On  permanent  organization,  P.  Van  Clief 
was  president.  The  following  preamble  and  resolutions  were  unan- 
imously adopted: 

This  convention,  representing  what  it  believes  to  be  the  honest 
sentiment  of  the  people  of  this  state,  and  encouraged  by  the  splen- 
did success  achieved  in  the  recent  state  election,  wherein  the  people, 
almost  without  organization,  met  and  overthrew  the  combined  power 
of  the  incorporated  monopolists  and  the  corrupt  political  and  finan- 
cial rings,  does  hereby  resolve  to  organize  into  a  party  all  good  citizens 
who  desire  to  join  in  the  work  of  reform  and  political  regeneration 
throughout  the  state,  the  better  to  enable  them  to  move  forward 
upon  the  enemy,  to  rout  such  corporations  from  their  stronghold  as 
rulers  and  practically  as  law  makers,  and,  finally,  to  rescue  the  gov- 
ernment from  the  clutches  of  the  corporationists  who  have  so  long 
held  it  in  subjection;  therefore,  be  it  resolved, 

1.  That  the  opponents  of  incorporated  greed  and  organized  cor- 
ruption do  form  themselves  into  a  political  body,  to  be  known  as  the 
people's  independent  party. 

2.  That  one  of  the  most  serious  obstacles  in  the  way  of  political 
and  governmental  reform   lies  in  the  doctrine  of  so-called  "party 
fealty,"  that   tyranical  rule  which  degrades  the  citizen  and  sinks 
him  to  the  servile  partisan,  rendering  him  the  helpless  tool  of  selfish 
wire  pullers  and  caucus  manipulators.     In  view  of  this  long-stand- 
ing evil,  the  people's  independent  party  now,  in  its  very  inception, 
once  for  all,  lays  down   its   fundamental  principle  that  parties  are 
mere  instrumentalities   to  be  employed  only  in  the  furtherance  of 
good  government;  that  they  should  be  followed  no  longer  than  while 
they  act  in  the  interest  of  the  entire  people,  of  which  fact  each  in- 
dividual must  judge  for  himself;  and   that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  citi- 
zen to  abandon  instantly  any  party  which  swerves  from  the  path  of 
right  or  passes  into  the  control  of  unscrupulous  leaders,  and  finally 
it  utterly  spurns  and  repudiates  the  doctrine  that  any  citizen  owes 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  INDEPENDENT  PARTY.        331 

allegiance  to  any  political  organization,  or  that  a  pure  and  upright 
man  in  public  life  can  or  ought  to  be  under  special  obligation  to  any 
source  short  of  the  people  for  office  or  position. 

3.  That  one  of  the  great  evils  which  earnestly  demands  correction 
is  the  tyranny  of  party  discipline,  which,  as  maintained  through  the 
system  of  primaries  and  caucuses  by  professional  politicians  aided 
by  governmental  patronage  and  moneyed  power,  and  has  become  a 
despotic  rule  of  the  few  over  the  many,  and  that  we  hold  and  affirm 
that  any  citizen  has  the  right  to  take  part  in  good  faith  in  the 
actions  and  deliberations  of  any  political  organization,  caucus,  or 
convention  without  being  bound  thereby  except  so  far  as  his  own 
judgment  and  conscience  may  approve,  and  that  the  obligations  of 
the  citizen  and  patriot  are  a  paramount  to  those  of  the  partisan  before 
and  after  party  nominations  are  made. 

4.  That  we  are  determined  to  use  all  lawful  efforts  to  drive  out 
the   corrupt  political  rings  that  control  the  action  of  the  national 
government,  wielding  its  power  and  dispensing  its  patronage  with 
the  sole  end  of  benefiting  themselves  and  their  hangers-on,  and  of 
perpetuating  their  vicious  rule ;  and  to  that  end  we  hereby  and  for  all 
time  instruct  all  representatives  of  the  people  elected   under  the 
auspices  of  the  people's  independent  party  to  urge  and  enforce  a 
strict  examination  into  the  affairs  and  management  of  the  great  rail- 
road corporations  of  the  country  as  well  as  of  their  auxiliaries,  the 
credit  mobilier  and  contract  and  finance  companies,  and  their  several 
dealings  with  the  various  departments  of  the  government,  executive, 
legislative,  and  judicial,  in  order  that  their  past  corrupt  practices 
may  be  exposed,  the  rights  and  property  of  the  people  recovered,  the 
guilty  punished,  and  purity  and  economy  in   administration   and 
legislation  be  restored  throughout  the  land. 

5.  That  the  abominable  and  infamous  practice  of  securing  election 
to  office  by  the  corrupt  use  of  money  at  the  polls,  and  in  bribing 
members  of  legislative  bodies,  which  has  become  so  prevalent  in  late 
years,  is  an  evil  which  strikes  at  the  very  foundation  of  free  govern- 
ment, and  that  no  man  guilty  of  the  atrocious  crime  of  obtaining  or 
attempting  to  obtain  office  by  such  means  can  ever  merit  the  confi- 
dence of  the  people. 

6.  That  affirming  and  asserting  the  absolute  and  final  sovereignty 
of  the  people,  we  claim  and  will  ever  assert  the  right  and  authority 
of  the  people's  representatives  to  control  and  regulate  all  such  cor- 
porations as  exercise  any  franchise  or  special  privilege  obtained  by 
legislative  enactment,  and  especially  the  incorporated  common  car- 


332       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

riers  of  the  country,  and  that  such  right  of  control  and  regulation  is 
an  undeniable  prerogative  of  the  state  and  nation;  and,  further, 
that  we  will  use  all  lawful  means  to  bring  said  corporations  within 
a  just  and  reasonable  control,  to  reduce  their  rates  of  freight,  fare, 
and  charges  to  an  equable  and  uniform  standard,  prohibiting  all 
unjust  discriminations  and  oppressive  regulations  leveled  at  locali- 
ties or  individuals,  to  overthrow  their  political  power,  and  finally 
to  reduce  them  to  the  legitimate  purposes  for  which  they  were 
created  and  endowed,  as  the  servants  and  beneficial  aids  and  not  the 
masters  of  the  people.  We  further  denounce  the  acceptance  of  free 
passes  by  public  officers,  and  believe  that  it  should  be  prohibited  by 
law. 

7.  That  we  are  pledged  to  a  thorough  reform  of  the  civil  service 
of  the  country,  to  the  end  that  capacity,  honesty,  and  fitness,  and 
not  political  zeal  and  partisanship,  shall  be  the  only  indispensible 
qualifications  for  place.     And  especially  we  utterly  oppose  the  per- 
nicious custom  now  so  common  and  so  productive  of  evil  of  the 
interference  of  federal  officials  with  state  and  local  politics.     And 
we  denounce  the  law  passed  at  the  last  session  of  congress,  known  as 
the  "back  pay  steal,"  as  a  shame  and  disgrace  to  American  legisla- 
tion. 

8.  That  we  take  ground  absolutely  against  the  system  of  land  dis- 
tribution now  in  vogue,  whereby  the  public  domain  is  granted  away 
in   vast   tracts   to   railroad   and    other   corporations  or  to  private 
individuals,  through  the  means  or  scrip  and  warrants  issued  under 
various  pretenses,  or  by  private  entry  on  the  part  of  non-resident 
speculators;  that  the  true  policy  of  the  nation  is  to  retain  its  public 
lands  for  the  benefit  of  actual  occupants  upon  the  sole  condition  of 
residence  thereon,  in  order  to  secure  to  each  family  a  home. 

9.  That  we  are  opposed  to  granting  aid  in   subsidies  of  money, 
lands,  bonds,  or  interest  on  bonds,  to  any  railroad  or  other  corpora- 
tion, either  by  the  federal,  state,  county,  or  municipal  governments,  and 
to  all  laws  designed  to  procure  any  such  subsidies  under  the  specious 
plea  of  submitting  to  a  vote  of  the  people  the  question  as  to  whether 
or  not  a  particular  subsidy  shall  be  granted. 

10.  That  we  take  ground  against  the  present  tariff,  believing  that 
it  is  the  result  of  a  dishonest  and  corrupt  system  of  bargaining  in 
congress,  whereby  each   interest  seeking  protection   conspires  with 
all  other  interests  to  support  them  in  their  claim,  to  the  great  injury 
of  the  cause  of  good  government  and  to  the  loss  of  the  people,  who  are 
taxed  thereby. 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  INDEPENDENT  PARTY. 

11.  That  in  view  of  the  climate  of  California,  wherein  rain  falls 
only  during  a  portion  of  the  year,  rendering  irrigation  an  absolute 
necessity  for  the  perfect  development  of  the  agricultural  capabilities 
of  our  soil,  we  hold  it  to  be  the  duty  of  the  legislature  to  retain 
control  of  all  rivers,  lakes  and  other  bodies  of   water,  to  prevent 
their  appropriation  and  monopoly  by  speculators,  and  to  form  and 
perfect  a  system  whereby  they  can  be  turned  upon  the  land  at  the 
expense  of  the  district  benefited  thereby,  and  for  the  use  of  the 
people  residing  on  said  land. 

12.  That  the  surest  safeguard  for  the  perpetuity  of  this  govern- 
ment and  the  rights  of  the  people  must  always  be   found  in  the 
education  of  the  masses,  therefore  we  will  stand  by  the  common 
school  system,  to  maintain  it  in  its  integrity,  as  well  as  to  urge  and 
support  all  improvements  in  popular  education  that  the  most  ad- 
vanced spirit  of  the  age  may  suggest  or  discover. 

13.  That  we   regard  the  primary  election  system,   as  now  con- 
ducted, especially  in  the  larger  cities,  as  being  practically  a  device 
which    deprives  the   honest  citizen  of   his  political   influence  and 
clothes  the  demagogue  with  power;  it  has  driven  statesmen  from 
our  halls  of  legislation,  and  made  political  economy  subservient  to 
personal  aggrandizement;  it  has  subverted  the  design  of  our  gov- 
ernment by   depriving   the   people   of   their   constituent  power  ta 
correct  abuses,  and  rendered  the  ballot  a  snare  to  the   unwary  and 
a  mockery  of  the  elective  franchise. 

14.  That  all  property,  including  solvent   debts,  as   well   as   rail- 
roads and  railroad  property,  should  be  taxed  in  proportion  to  its 
actual  cash  value,  but  taxation  of  solvent  debts  should  be  so  regu- 
lated by  law  as  to  obviate  all  objection   on  the   score  of   double 
taxation;  and  if  this  cannot  be  obtained  by  legislation  under  the 
constitution  as  it  is,  the  fundamental  law  should  be  amended  so  as 
to  accomplish  such  result. 

15.  That  the  legislatures  of  the  state  and  nation  should  use  all 
constitutional  methods  to  facilitate  commerce  between  the  interior 
portions  of  the  country  and  the  sea;  to  cheapen  freights  and  fares, 
as  well  as  to  increase  the  means  of   conveyance,  in  order  that  the 
produce  of  our  farmers  and  products  of  our  manufactures  may  be 
transported  to  market  at  the  smallest  possible  cost. 

16.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  congress,  as  well  as  the  state  legis- 
latures, to  institute  and  enforce  the  strictest  inquiry  into  the  affairs 
and  management  of  the  railroad  companies,  and  other  corporations 

xercising  franchises  of  a  public  nature,  and  to  root  out  and  put 


334       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

down  the  pernicious  practice  of  watering  stock,  whereby  the  people 
are  oppressed  by  extortionate  rates  and  charges  in  order  to  pay 
dividends  upon  capital  which  does  not  exist,  and  which  only  stands 
upon  the  books  of  the  companies  by  fraud  and  false  pretense. 

17.  That  we  are  opposed  to  the  election  of  a   president  of  the 
United  States  for  more  than  one  term   of  four  years,  and  we  will 
support  no  man  for  congress  who  is  not  in  favor  of  amending  the 
constitution  to  accomplish  that  object. 

18.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  all  reasonable  measures  of  labor 
reform,   and   of  maintaining  and  enforcing  the  eight-hour  law  in 
regard  to  manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits,   and    upon  all 
public  works. 

19.  That  we  are  opposed  to  further  influx  of  the  mongolian  race; 
the  further  subsidizing  of  steamship   lines  for  the  purpose  of 

enabling  them  to  bring  in  this  degraded  class  at  mere  nominal  rates; 
and  to  this  end  we  demand  that  the  treaty  with  China,  known  as 
the  Burlingame  treaty,  be  abrogated,  or  modified  to  one  for  com- 
mercial purposes  only;  and  that  the  whole  moral  and  legal  force  of 
the  state  should  be  bent  to  this  purpose,  as  the  Chinese  are  a  stand- 
ing menace  to  the  moral,  physical,  and  pecuniary  welfare  of  the 
people  of  this  state. 

20.  That  the  manly  and  noble  stand  taken  by  Governor  Newton 
Booth  in  behalf  of  the  popular  rights  and  against  the  encroach- 
ments of  unscrupulous  politicians  and  railroad  corporations  on  the 
rights  of   the   masses,    has  justly  endeared    him   to  the  people  of 
California,  and  that  his  official  conduct  and  conscientious  perform- 
ance of  his  duty  commend  him  to  our  grateful  approval. 

Elisha  W.  McKinstry  was  unanimously  nominated  for  justice  of 
the  supreme  court,  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Judge  Sprague. 

The  following  were  selected  to  constitute  a  state  central  com- 
mittee :  John  Bidwell,  G,  W.  Bowie,  A.  S.  Hallidie,  T.  A.  Talbert, 
James  Burney,  C.  E.  Greene,  James  Johnson,  L\  W.  Welty,  J.  G. 
Ho  well,  E.  Steele,  C.  P.  Berry,  William  Jones,  A.  K.  Dudley,  W. 
O.  Norton,  G.  W.  Applegate,  A.  Delano,  J.  H.  Carothers,  J.  F. 
Cowdery,  D.  B.  Hoffman,  Edgar  Briggs,  F.  P.  Daim,  A.  W.  Poole, 
C.  T.  Ryland,  and  others.  An  executive  committee  was  chosen, 
consisting  of  M.  J.  O'Conner,  M.  M.  Estee,  A.  Helbing,  A.  J. 
Gunnison,  M.  C.  Conroy,  J.  R.  Sharpstein,  Thomas  Tobin,  W.  W. 
Dodge,  James  H.  Hardy,  0.  C.  Terrill,  E.  B.  Mott,  jr.,  A.  P. 
Catlin,  W.  S.  Manlove,  and  others. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  335 

The  judicial  election  was  held  on  Wednesday,  October  15th,  when 
McKinstry  was  elected  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  by  a  vote  of 
25,609,  to  14,380  for  Dwinelle,  and  19,962  for  McKee.  Bronson 
received  11,446  votes  for  the  supposed  Crockett  vacancy. 


CHAPTER  XXV. 

187S.     Republican  Convention — Independent  Convention— Democratic 
Convention — Prohibition  Convention. 

The  republican  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  June  10th, 
and  was  called  to  order  by  Walter  Van  Dyke,  the  chairman  of  the 
state  committee.  A.  A.  Sargent  was  elected  temporary  chairman, 
by  a  vote  of  238,  to  111  for  H.  0.  Beatty.  The  committee  on  reso- 
lutions consisted  of  George  0.  Gorham,  W.  H.  Sears,  Philip  Teare, 
H.  T.  Dorrance,  and  others.  In  the  evening  a  permanent  organiza- 
tion was  effected,  by  the  selection  of  Sargent  as  president;  and  H. 
O.  Beatty,  H.  S.  Sargent,  Solomon  Jewett,  A.  G  Abell,  and  others 
as  vice-presidents.  The  committee  reported  the  following  platform  : 

The  republican  party  of  California,  in  state  convention  assembled, 
reaffirming  the  state  platform  of  1871  and  the  national  platform  of 
1872,  makes  the  following  additional  declaration  of  principles  : 

1.  That  we  have  an  undiminished  confidence  in  the  patriotism, 
wisdom,  and  integrity  of  the  present  chief  magistrate  of  the  United 
States,  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  and  join  our  political  brethren  throughout 
the  nation  in  cordial  and  earnest  support  to  his  administration,  in 
fullest  recognition  of  his  illustrious  career  in  the  military  and  civil 
service,  and  in  condemnation  of  that  rancorous  party  spirit  which 
prompts  his  and  our  enemies  to  the  unconsidered  and  unjust  attacks 
upon  him  as  those  to  which  his  great  predecessors,   Washington, 
Jackson,  and  Lincoln  were  subjected  during  their  administrations. 

2.  That  the  letter  addressed  by  the  president  to  the  chairman  of 
the  Pennsylvania  republican  state  convention  upon  the  subject  of  the 
succession  is  a  full  and  complete  refutation  of  the  slanders  of  those 
who  charged  him  with  intriguing  for  a  re-election,  and  that  we  accept 
it  as  an  explicit  and  final  settlement  of  the  third-term  agitation  created 
by  the  enemy  solely  to   arouse  jealousies   and   dissensions  in   the 
republican  party. 


336       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

3.  That  the  thirteenth,  fourteenth,  and  fifteenth  amendments  to 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  added  to  that  instrument  by 
the  votes  of  the  requisite  three-fourths  of  the  states  of  this  union, 
are  as  sacred  and  binding  as  are  any  of  its  provisions,  and  that  they 
are  to  be  maintained  by  the  enforcement  of  all  proper  congressional 
enactments,  notwithstanding  the  opposition,  secret  or  avowed,  of  the 
democratic  party,  or  of  hostile  white  leagues  in  the  southern  states. 

4.  That  the  conduct  of  that  portion  of  the  people  in  the  south, 
who  defy  the  fifteenth  amendment,  and  seek  by  intimidation  or  force 
to  prevent  the  lawful  exercise  of  the  elective  franchise  by  the  great 
body  of  colored  citizens  resident  therein,  is  a  rebellious  defiance  of 
the  national  authority.     An  attempt  to  prevent  the  election  of  the 
next  president  by  the  people  is  calculated  to  arouse  the  worst  pas- 
sions of  men,  and  to  disturb  the  peace  of  the  nation,  and  should  be 
met  by  all  law-abiding  citizens,  both  north  and  south,  as  an  effort  to 
revive   the   names   of    civil   war.     While    admitting   that   honest 
differences  of   opinion  exist   as  to  the  extent  of   this  conspiracy 
against  the  fair  and  constitutional  election  of  a  president  in  1876, 
we  deem  it  well  to  caution  the  people  against  slumbering  in  the  face 
of  danger. 

5.  That  with  all  our  countrymen,  of  whatever  section,  who  yield 
obedience  to  the  constitution  and  the  laws,  and  who  do  not  defend 
or  justify  those  who  disobey  them,  we  desire  to  cultivate  fraternal 
relations,  without  regard  to  mere  party  differences,  and  we  will  at  all 
times  unite  with  them  to  promote  justice,  order,  and  public  tran- 
quility. 

6.  That  the  cost  of  the  state  and  several  county  governments  can, 
and  ought  to  be,  reduced  one-half,  and  to  that  work  the  next  legisla- 
ture should  address  itself.     This  can  be  done  by  a  comprehensive 
re-adjustment  of  the  public  business,  a  curtailment,  of  the  large  list 
of  officers  and  their  employes ;  such  a  reduction  of  salaries  and  fees 
as  will  place  public  servants  on  a  footing,  as  to  compensation,  with 
persons   in   private    business,    and   incidentally   abate   the   almost 
universal  preference  for  public  over  private  employment;  honesty 
and  economy  in  the  maintenance  of  the  various  institutions  of  the 
state;  a  total  abandonment  of  the  practice  of  voting  the  people's 
money  to  institutions  which  were  called  into  existence  without  state 
action;  and  by  additional  checks  and  safeguards  to  render  official 
peculation  difficult  of  concealment,  and  surer  of  punishment  when 
discovered. 

7.  That  the  burden  of  taxation  should  not  only  be  reduced,  but 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  337 

the  laws  concerning  assessment  and  equalization  should  be  so  revised 
and  amended  as  to  better  insure  a  just  division  of  that  burden 
among  those  who  enjoy  the  benfits  of  government;  and  that  in  aid  of 
the  law  a  wholesome  public  opinion  should  be  cultivated  against  all 
who  seek  to  evade  their  just  proportion  of  taxation,  and  in  favor  of 
swift  and  certain  punishment  alike  of  citizens  and  officials  who  by 
fraudulent  and  corrupt  practices  may  offend  against  the  law. 

8.  That  the  republican  party  will   aid    the  development  of  the 
resources  of  the  state  by  all  legitimate  means,  and  as  it  is  apparent 
that  the  agricultural  capabilities  of  large  sections  cannot  be  fully 
shown  unless  some  practical  system  of  irrigation  is  adopted,  the 
republican  party  demands  of  the  legislature  that  it  assume  control  of 
the  waters  of  the  various  lakes  and  rivers,  subject  only  to  mining 
and   mechanical  rights,  and  provide  for  its   distribution  over  the 
largest  possible  area  of  irrigable  land,  by  the  adoption  of  a  compre- 
hensive  system  that  shall  make  the  canals  and  irrigation  works  to 
be  constructed  for  this  purpose  a  part  and  portion  of  the  realty  of 
the  various  districts,  to  be  wholly  subject  to  the  control  and  manage- 
ment of  the  owners  of  the  irrigable  land  therein. 

9.  That  the  freedom  of  the  state  from  ecclesiastical  control  is  of 
equal  importance  with   the  maintenance  of  religious  freedom  from 
state  control ;  that  the  common  school  system  is  an  institution  of 
the  state,  established  as  a  preventive  of  the  crime  and  poverty  which 
attend  ignorance,  and  we  will  tolerate  no  interference  with  it  from 
any  quarter;  and  that  any  effort  to  divide  the  school  fund  for  the 
purpose  of  supporting  sectarian  schools  with  a  portion  thereof,  shall 
be  met  with  all  the  resistance  in  our  power. 

10.  (a)  That  the  Central  Pacific  rUilroad  company  is  a  state  cor- 
poration, and  as  such  is  amenable  to  the  laws  of  the  state  concern- 
ing corporations,     (b)  That  the  relations  of  that  company  to  the 
nation  are   simply  those  of   agent  and  principal,  and  debtor  and 
creditor,  so  far  as  their  property  within  this  state  is  concerned,     (c) 
That  the  power  of  the  state  over  the  said  corporation,  so  far  from 
having  been  surrendered  by  the  act  of  the  legislature  of  April  4, 
1864,  as  claimed  by  that  company,  was  rather  affirmed  thereby,  in 
these  words  :     "Said  company  to  be  subject  to  all  the  laws  of  this 
state  concerning  railroad  and  telegraph  lines."     (d)  That  the  right 
to  regulate  fares  and  freights,   whenever  it  exists,  is   a   condition 
annexed  to  the  franchise,  and  is  necessarily  vested  in  the  govern- 
ment by  which  the  franchise  has  been  granted.     The  right  to  collect 

22 


338      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

tolls  is  one  of  the  essential  franchises  of  railroad  corporations,  and 
the  power  to  regulate  them  is  simply  a  power  to  regulate  the  fran- 
chise under  which  they  are  collected,  and  the  power  must  be  exer- 
cised by  the  authority  creating  the  corporation,  (e)  That  the  exist- 
ence of  the  Central  Pacific  railroad  corporation,  and  its  right  to 
operate  its  roads  in  California,  rests  exclusively  upon  the  authority  of 
state  law,  and  that  its  national  character  is  limited  to  certain  func- 
tions, which  it  derived,  by  the  state's  consent,  from  congress — such 
as  the  right  to  operate  its  road  outside  of  the  state,  and  to  create 
liens  upon  its  entire  line  in  favor  of  the  national  government  and 
other  creditors.  (/)  That  as  a  necessary  result  of  the  foregoing, 
while  congress  has  the  right  to  regulate  tolls  over  the  road,  on 
through  and  inter-state  traffic,  the  state  legislature  has  absolute  and 
exclusive  power  to  regulate  the  rates  of  freights  and  fares  between 
all  points  within  the  state,  (g)  That  experience  has  shown  that 
railroad  companies,  when  left  uncontrolled,  naturally  look  exclu- 
sively to  their  own  interests,  and  often  disregard  the  interests  and 
convenience  of  the  public  they  were  created  to  serve,  whereby 
unreasonable  rates  of  fares  and  freights  have  been,  and  are  still 
imposed,  unjust  discrimination  made  against  communities  and 
classes  of  merchandise;  and  many  settlements  and  towns  incon- 
venienced, and  even  severely  injured,  for  the  building  up  of  the 
localities  in  which  members  of  the  companies  are  interested.  (A) 
That  we  recommend  that  the  people  should  exact  in  advance  from 
candidates  for  the  legislature  unequivocal  pledges.  First,  that  they 
will,  if  elected,  vote  for  such  a  reduction  of  freights  and  fares  as 
will  leave  to  the  railroad  companies  a  fair  income  upon  the  actual 
cost  of  constructing  the  roads,  and  allow  for  maintaining  and  operat- 
ing the  same,  and  enable  them  to  meet  their  just  obligations; 
second,  that  they  will,  to  that  end,  institute  a  thorough  investiga- 
tion into  the  affairs  of  the  corporations,  as  they  have  ample  power 
to  do,  in  order  to  ascertain  the  real  cost  of  the  construction  of  the 
roads  and  the  annual  outlays  for  maintaining  and  operating  the 
same;  third,  that  they  will,  in  adjusting  a  tariff  of  freights  and 
fares,  abolish  all  unfair  discrimination  between  the  same  classes  of 
merchandise,  and  equalize  the  rates  between  different  localities, 
having  due  regard  for  grade  and  curves,  (i)  That  while  the 
republican  party  disclaims  any  sympathy  with  indiscriminate  war 
upon  associated  capital,  with  a  blind  disregard  of  its  rights,  it  is 
entirely  independent  of  all  corporate  power;  it  is  opposed  to  all 
schemes  in  state,  county  or  city,  whereby,  under  the  pretext  of  pro- 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  339 

viding  gas  &nd  water  to  communities,  or  irrigation  for  farming,  a 
few  men  seek  to  enrich  themselves  by  imposing  heavy  burdens 
upon  the  people ;  it  repels  all  attempts  of  corporations  to  force  into 
office,  through  republican  conventions,  men  who  will  guard  their 
interests  rather  than  those  of  the  public,  and  expects  to  be  judged 
by  its  acts,  and  the  character  of  its  candidates,  rather  than  by  the 
false  accusations  of  its  enemies,  who,  after  having  had  the  executive 
power  of  the  state  for  the  past  eight  years  equally  divided  between 
them,  can  present  no  better  claim  for  the  public  confidence  than 
loud  and  empty  professions  of  horror  at  alleged  corruptions  and 
profligacy  in  public  affairs,  which  they  themselves  have  managed 
and  controlled. 

11.  That  we  earnestly  invite  the  co-operation  of  the  great  farm- 
ing interests  of  the  state  in  the  reduction  of  the  cost  of  transporta- 
tion, the  reduction  and  equalization  of  taxes,  and  the  inauguration 
of  a  plan  for  irrigation,  by  representatives  of  their  own  selection  in 
the  legislature. 

12.  That,  confident  of  the  substantial  agreement  on  national  and 
state  questions  of  all  who  sustained  the  nation  during  the  great  civil 
war,  regretting  the  alienations  among  republicans,  which  have  been 
too  apparent  during  the  past  few  years,    desirous  of   making  all 
becoming  concessions  to  secure  harmony,  we  cordially  invite  all  who 
are  opposed  to  the  restoration  to  power  of  the  democratic  party,  to 
forget  the  strifes  of  faction,  to  disregard  the  counsels  of  those  who 
seek  to  continue  unseemly  and  unnecessary  division,  and,  keeping  in 
view  the  overwhelming  importance  of  the  approaching  presidential 
election,  aid   in   reuniting  the  republican  party  of  the  state,  and 
securing  a  victory  for  the  cause  of  republicanism  and  real  reform. 

The  resolutions  were  taken  up  seriatim.  The  first  resolution  was 
adopted  without  opposition.  The  following  was  offered  as  a  substi- 
tute for  the  second  : 

That  it  has  become  a  part  of  the  unwritten  law  of  the  land,  that 
no  man  should  be  elected  for  more  than  two  terms  to  the  office  of 
president  of  the  United  States. 

The  substitute  was  lost  by  a  pronounced  vote,  and  the  original 
resolution  adopted.  The  following  was  added  to  the  ninth:  "That 
all  citizens,  without  distinction  of  race  or  color,  are  entitled  to 
equal  advantages  of  public  school  education." 

The  following  was  offered  as  a  substitute  for  the  tenth  resolution  : 


340       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

That  with  respect  to  railroad  companies  and  other  corporations, 
we  reassert  the  resolution  passed  by  the  republican  state  convention 
in  1871,  viz.:  That  we  are  opposed  to  any  further  subsidies  in  land 
or  money  to  such  corporations;  that  corporations  are  creatures  of 
legislation,  and  are  entitled  only  to  those  rights  guaranteed  them  by 
the  constitution  and  the  laws;  that  while  they  should  be  protected 
in  those  rights,  they  should  not  be  allowed  to  trespass  beyond  their 
chartered  privileges  upon  the  rights  of  the  people;  that  it  is  the 
duty  of  the  legislature  to  enforce  a  fair  and  reasonable  exercise  of 
corporate  privileges;  but  that  it  is  not  wise  or  politic  to  force  cor- 
porations into  politics  by  resolutions  pointedly  hostile  to  them  and 
their  just  interests. 

The  substitute  was  lost,  113  to  250,  and  the  resolutions  as  re- 
ported were  adopted.  The  following  additional  resolution  was  also 
adopted  : 

That  the  republican  party  of  California  is  opposed  to  double  tax- 
ation in  every  shape,  and  we  favor  such  reform  measures  as  will 
remedy  the  evil,  believing  that  every  person  should  only  be  taxed 
on  what  he  owns,  and  not  on  what  he  owes. 

The  following  ticket  was  nominated : 

Timothy  G.  Phelps,  for  governor,  without  opposition,  Romualdo 
Pacheco  withdrawing. 

Joseph  M.  Cavis,  for  lieutenant-governor,  without  opposition. 

Edward  Hallett,  for  secretary  of  state,  without  opposition,  Drury 
Melone  withdrawing. 

James  J.  Green,  for  Controller,  without  opposition. 

Robert  Gardner,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
William  H.  Norway. 

William  Beckman,  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Jonas 
Marcuse. 

E.  D.  Sawyer,  for  attorney -general,  without  opposition,  L.  B. 
Mizner  withdrawing. 

Grant  I.  Taggart,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  without  opposi- 
tion. 

Ezra  S.  Carr,  for  school  superintendent,  without  opposition, 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  Jarrett  R. 
Richards,  William  Sharkey,  F.  K.  Shattuck,  James  A.  Duffy,  W.  S. 
Wells,  William  Jennings,  M.  C.  Andross,  James  E.  Hale,  A.  D. 
Splivalo,  B.  E.  Jewett,  M.  D.  Boruck,  A.  G.  Abell,  Louis  Sloss,  A. 
Briggs,  0.  N.  Fox,  and  others. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTIONS.  341 

The  first  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  August  9th, 
and  on  the  first  ballot  nominated  Ira  P.  Rankin  for  congressman,  by 
a  vote  of  59,  to  4  for  Frank  Soule. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  June  9th, 
and  nominated  H.  F.  Page  for  congressman,  without  opposition. 
The  following  resolutions  were  there  adopted  : 

That  the  republicans  of  the  second  congressional  district  recognize 
in  the  brief  congressional  record  of  the  Hon.  H.  F.  Page  a  series  of 
acts,  important  alike  to  the  people  of  the  district,  state  and  nation; 
reflecting  distinguished  honor  upon  himself,  and  the  party  who  con- 
fided to  his  care  the  high  trust  of  representative.  That  his  success- 
ful exertions  in  obtaining  the  restoration  of  government  lands  upon 
the  Folsom  and  Placerville  and  the  Stockton  and  Copperopolis  rail- 
roads (the  former  alone  estimated  to  be  of  the  value  of  three  million 
dollars),  the  passage  of  an  act  for  the  relief  of  settlers  within  the 
limits  of  forfeited  railroad  grants,  obtaining  appropriations  for  the 
improvement  of  Oakland  harbor,  the  act  to  prevent  the  immigration 
of  Chinese  coolies  into  the  country,  to  prevent  Chinese  naturaliza- 
tion, to  prevent  straw  bids  for  United  States  mail  contracts  (thereby 
saving  to  the  government,  according  to  the  last  report  of  the  post- 
master-general, about  three  million  dollars  for  the  period  of  four 
years),  his  votes  for  the  reduction  of  salaries,  the  repeal  of  the 
mileage  law,  his  vote  upon  the  bill  which  provided  for  the  regula- 
tion of  the  price  of  transportation  upon  interstate  railroads,  and  his 
votes  against  subsidies  of  every  kind,  form  a  record  of  honesty, 
ability  and  usefulness,  which  commends  him  to  the  fullest  confidence 
of  the  people  of  the  district  and  state.  That  we  recognize  his  votes 
on  the  civil  rights,  force  and  bounty  bills  as  being  in  harmony  with 
the  principles  of  the  republican  party,  as  enunciated  in  the  state 
platform  of  1871. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Washington,  Yolo  county, 
on  June  9th,  and  C.  B.  Denio  was  nominated  for  congressman,  with- 
out opposition,  Jesse  O.  Goodwin  and  J.  A.  Hutton  withdrawing. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  San  Jose,  on  June  14th, 
and  Sherman  O.  Houghton  was  nominated  for  congressman,  without 
opposition. 

The  independent  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento,  on  June 
22d,  and  was  called  to  order  by  W.  W.  Dodge,  chairman  of  the 
state  committee.  C.  T.  Hopkins  was  elected  temporary  chairman. 


342      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

A  committee  on  resolutions  was  selected,  consisting  of  John  F. 
Swift,  W.  0.  Bartlett,  J.  S.  Thompson,  T.  J.  Sherwood,  W.  S. 
Montgomery,  John  Bid  well,  F.  S.  Freeman,  Noble  Martin,  and  oth- 
ers. On  permanent  organization,  Henry  Edgerton  was  president; 
and  D.  B.  Hoffman,  Samuel  Soule,  Seneca  Ewer,  William  Johnston, 
T.  M.  Ames,  and  others,  vice-presidents.  The  committee  on  resolu- 
tions made  the  following  report : 

Whereas,  The  bitter  dissensions  that  have  divided  the  citizens  of 
California  into  opposite  parties,  upon  purely  national  questions,  for 
so  many  years,  having  passed  away  with  the  civil  war  and  the  re- 
construction measures  growing  out  of  the  war,  it  has  become  obvious 
that  serious  local  evils  are  weighing  heavily  upon  the  people  of  this 
state,  requiring  our  earnest  and  thoughtful  attention,  lest  they  be- 
come, through  our  indifference,  perpetual ;  and  whereas,  the  so-called 
national  parties  in  California  have  fallen  into  the  control,  in  a  large 
measure,  of  the  more  worthless  elements  of  society,  managed  in  the 
interest  of  certain  powerful  corporations  and  associations  of  indi- 
viduals, who  systematically  seek  to  accumulate  wealth  at  the  public 
expense,  through  and  by  means  of  the  machinery  of  government, 
until  affairs  have  reached  a  point  where  the  people  can  no  longer 
safely  trust  the  political  control  of  the  state  to  either  of  them; 
therefore,  resolved : 

1.  That  the  people's  independent  party  seeks  to  unite  together  the 
honest  and  law-abiding  citizens  of  all  portions  of  California,  irre- 
spective of  class,  local,  or  business  distinctions,  and  regardless  of 
religious  or  previous  political  opinions,  for  the  purpose  of  bringing 
about  a  thorough  system  of  reform  in  state,  county,  and  municipal 
governments  generally,  and  especially  with  the  view  of  securing  re- 
trenchment in  public  expenditures  and  consequent  reduction  in  tax- 
ation ;  the  regulation  and  control  of  all  corporations  exercising 
franchises  of  a  public  nature,  the  reduction  to  reasonable  rates  of 
fares  and  freights  on  railroads,  as  well  as  steamboats  operated  in 
conjunction  with  railroads;  and  the  prevention  and  punishment  of 
unjust  discriminations  by  railroad  and  other  corporations  against 
localities  and  against  individuals;  the  securing  from  the  power  or 
possibility  of  monopoly  the  natural  waters  of  the  rivers,  streams, 
and  lakes  of  the  state,  and  revesting  them  once  more  in  the  people; 
the  rescue  of  the  inhabitants  of  our  cities  and  towns  from  the  op- 
pressive power  of  water  and  gas  companies,  and  other  kindred  mo- 
nopolies; the  purification  of  the  administration  of  justice  throughout 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  INDEPENDENT  PARTY.        343 

the  state,  by  reforming  the  grand  jury  system  so  that  powerful  crim- 
inals may  be  punished  as  well  as  weak,  and  generally  to  secure  such 
improved  legislation  in  the  interest  of  good  government  as  wisdom 
and  an  honest  purpose  of  reform  may  suggest. 

2.  That  for  the  more  perfect  accomplishment  of  the  foregoing 
ends,  this  convention,  composed  of  delegates  representing  all  parts 
of  California,  pledges  the  "people's  independent  party,"  and  its  nom- 
inees for  office  throughout  the  state,  to  support  and  carry  out  by  all 
lawful  and  proper  means,  the  policy  and  purposes  of  the  party  as 
set  forth  in  this  platform. 

3.  That  to  this  end  the  agricultural  and   mining  counties  of  the 
interior  hereby  enter  into  a  solemn  league  and  covenant  to  and  with 
the  cities,  and  the  cities  pledge  themselves  as  solemnly  to  the  coun- 
ties of  the  interior,  that  all  officers,  executive,  legislative,  and  judi- 
cial, elected  by  this  party,  in  any  part  of  California,  shall  in  good 
faith   endeavor,   in  their  official  capacity,   lawfully  to  remedy  the 
grievances  of  the  people,  not  only  such  as  are  peculiar  to  their  own 
special   constituencies  or  locality,  but  of  all  other  portions  of  the 
state  as  well. 

4.  That  we  repeat  and  reaffirm  the  principles  of  the  party,  as  laid 
down  and  resolved  upon  by  the  judicial  convention  of  the  people's 
independent  party,  held  at  Sacramento,  in  September,  A.  D.  1873, 
and  make  them  a  portion  of  this  platform  as  fully  as  if  herein  set 
forth  at  large. 

Whereas,  Through  improvident  and  inconsiderate  legislation,  the 
funds  generously  appropriated  by  the  nation,  and  materially  in- 
creased by  our  state,  its  cities  and  counties,  to  aid  in  constructing 
the  Pacific  railroad,  have  been  so  employed  that  a  small  number  of 
individuals,  acting  in  corporate  capacity,  now  own  and  control  the 
only  transcontinental  railroad  in  the  country,  together  with  almost 
the  entire  railroad  system  of  the  state,  as  well  as  the  river  steamers 
and  ferry  boats  plying  upon  our  interior  waters,  thereby  practically 
monopolizing  not  only  the  entire  overland  traffic,  but  likewise  the 
general  carrying  trade  of  the  state  and  coast;  and,  whereas,  the  cor- 
porations controlling  these  railroads  and  steamboats  possess  and 
exercise  the  power  to  arbitrarily  make,  levy,  and  collect  their  rates 
of  freights  and  passenger  fare,  and  to  exact  and  enforce  rules  and 
regulations  at  their  own  pleasure;  and,  whereas,  it  is  apparent  that 
there  can  be  no  final  relief  from  the  excessive  charges  and  unjust 
discriminations  of  the  railroad  corporations  through  competition, 


344       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

because  of  their  vast  wealth  and  power,  which  are  invariably  used 
to  break  down  all  rival  enterprises,  and  to  ruin  the  projectors,  and 
failing  in  that,  then  to  combine  with  them  against  the  people  ;  and, 
whereas,  in  order  to  retain  this  power  to  fix  rates,  and  to  discrim- 
inate at  pleasure,  and  to  prevent  any  legislative  relief  from  being 
extended  to  the  people,  the  railroad  corporations  have,  in  the  past, 
systematically  intermeddled  with  and  corrupted  the  politics  of  the 
state,  using  their  wealth  and  influence  to  elevate  scheming  men,  and 
in  many  instances  their  interested  partisans,  and  to  place  them  in 
the  legislature  and  other  stations  of  trust  where  they  could  vote 
away  the  people's  rights,  until  the  domination  of  the  railroad  and 
other  corporations  in  our  politics  and  government  has  become  an 
intolerable  evil ;  therefore,  resolved  : 

5.  That  there  is  and  can  be  no  safety  to  good  government,  to  cap- 
ital, or  to  production,  so  long  as  the  corporations  engaged  in  trans- 
portation by  railroad  and  steamboat  in  this  state  possess  the  power, 
independently  of  the  law,  to  make  their  own  rules  and  regulations, 
or  to  establish  and  collect  tolls  and  rates  of  freight  and  fare  at  their 
own  unrestricted  will  and  pleasure. 

6.  That  the  rates  of  freight  and  fare  charged  and  collected  upon 
the  railroads  of  California,   and   upon  the  steamboats  owned  and 
operated  in  connection  with  them,  in  most  places  where  there  is  no 
competition,  are  unjust,  unequal,  and  excessively  high.     And  that 
the  power  now  exercised  by  the  railroad   corporations  in  making 
their  rules  and  regulations,  as  well  as  their  said  rates,  is  exercised 
in  an  unjust  and  oppressive  manner,  to  the  injury  of  individuals  and 
localities,  as  well  as  the  general  productive  interests  of  the  state. 

7.  That  the  people's  independent  party  hereby  pledges  its  nomi- 
nees for  office  throughout  the  state,  to  reduce  said  rates  of  freight 
and  fare,  by  law,  to  a  just  and  fair  standard,  based  upon  the  actual 
cost  of  the  road  and  the  expenses  of  operation;  and  also  to  the  en- 
actment of  laws  to  prevent  and  punish  all   manner  of  unjust   dis- 
criminations against  individuals  or  localities,  and  generally  to  reduce 
the  railroad  corporations  to  the  supervision  and  control  of  the  laws 
of  the  land. 

8.  That  while  we  seek  by  all  lawful  means  to  drive  the  railroad 
corporations  out  of  politics,  and  to  protect  the  people  by  wise  and 
calmly  considered  laws  from  extortion  and  unjust  discrimination  at 
their  hands,  yet  we  fully  acknowledge  the  great  value  to  the  com- 
munity of  a  properly  constructed  and  justly  managed  system  of  rail- 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  INDEPENDENT  PARTY.        345 

roads,  and  will  ever  stand  ready  to  accord  due  appreciation  and 
generous  treatment  to  those  who  so  construct  and  manage  them. 

9.  That  we  favor  the  construction  of  all  independent  lines  of 
competing  railroads,  to  connect  the  Atlantic  states  with  California, 
provided  they  be  built  and  operated  in  the  interest  of  the  people, 
and  not  solely  in  that  of  the  monopolists,  as  is  the  case  with  the 
railroads  now  existing  in  this  state. 

Whereas,  In  certain  parts  of  the  state  irrigation  of  the  soil  is 
absolutely  essential  to  the  proper  development  of  our  agricultural 
interests  ;  therefore,  resolved  : 

10.  That  to  this  end  the  waters  of  the  lakes  and  rivers  of  the 
state  should  be  and  remain  forever  in  the  ownership  and  control  of 
the  public,  and  never  allowed  upon  any  pretence  to  become  the  sub- 
ject of  private  monopoly. 

11.  That  the  separation  of  the  proprietorship  of  the  land  from 
that  of  the  water  necessary  for  its  irrigation,  is  fraught  with  dan- 
ger, not  only  to  the  agriculturists,  but  to  the  entire  commonwealth, 
and  should  be  discouraged  by  law. 

12.  That  the  legislature  should  speedily  enact  proper  laws  to  en- 
courage and  favor  irrigation  in  the  agricultural  districts  of  the  state 
wherever  needed,  and  to  prevent  the  monopoly  by  speculators  of  the 
natural  waters  necessary  thereto,  at  the  same  time  having  due  re- 
gard for  the  wants  of  the  mining  localities,  and  fostering  and  pro- 
tecting the  just  rights  of  those  engaged  in  mining  pursuits. 

Whereas,  The  Spring  Valley  water  company  is  a  corporation 
which  has  been  permitted  by  the  legislature  to  obtain  a  practical 
monopoly  of  the  fresh  water  within  and  adjacent  to  the  city  and 
county  of  San  Francisco,  so  that  it  now  claims  control  of  all  the 
sources  of  water  supply  within  an  area  of  180  miles  of  the  chief 
city  of  the  state;  and,  whereas,  said  corporation  was  allowed  to  ob- 
tain said  monopoly  upon  the  express  condition  specified  in  the  law 
authorizing  its  existence,  that  it  would  supply  the  inhabitants  of 
said  city  and  county  with  pure,  fresh  water  for  domestic  uses,  at 
reasonable  rates,  and  likewise,  that  it  would  furnish  the  municipal 
government  thereof  with  water  in  case  of  fire/  or  other  great  neces- 
sity, free  of  charge;  and,  whereas,  said  Spring  Valley  water  company 
has  willfully  violated  the  conditions  set  forth  in  its  said  charter, 
amongst  other  things,  by  extorting  from  the  inhabitants  of  said  city 
and  county  excessive  and  enormous  rates  for  water  for  domestic 
uses,  so  that  in  said  city  and  county  it  has  come  to  pass  that  the 


346       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

water  necessary  for  a  family  costs  more  than  their  bread,  while  the 
rates  charged  for  manufacturing  purposes  make  it  so  expensive  as 
to  be  a  grievous  burden  upon  productive  industry;  therefore,  resolved  : 

13.  That  this  convention  pledges  the  people's  independent  party 
and  its  nominees  throughout  the  state,  if  elected,  to  join  with  the 
representatives  from  the  city  and  county  of  San  Francisco,  in  their 
efforts  to  place  said  corporation,  and  all  other  water  companies  in 
the  state,  under  just  control  of  the  law,  to  reduce  and  fix  its  rates 
so  that  they  shall  be  reasonable  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  said  city 
and  county,  and  so  that  in  no  event  shall  said  corporation  levy  or 
collect  any  rate  for  water  beyond  what  shall  be  necessary  to  pay  in- 
terest upon  the  actual   capital  invested  in  the  construction  of  said 
works  and  the  purchase  of  land,  disregarding  all  watered  stock  or 
sham  and  pretended  outlays  of  money. 

Whereas,  The  greatest  obstacle  to  the  construction  of  a  proper 
system  of  water- works  for  our  cities  and  towns,  and  especially  for 
the  city  and  county  of  San  Francisco,  is  to  be  found  in  the  bands  of 
organized  schemers  and  corruptionists  who  infest  the  state,  and 
who,  through  the  vicious  laws  now  upon  our  statute  books  providing 
for  the  appropriation  of  lakes  and  water  courses,  by  corporations  for 
speculative  purposes,  seize  upon  or  make  claim  to  all  the  waters 
within  convenient  distance  of  any  town  or  city,  and  then  by  fraud 
and  corruption  induce  the  municipal  authorities  to  buy  them  out  at 
enormous  and  exaggerated  prices;  nor  is  this  the  sole  and  only 
danger  :  The  speculators  do  not  hesitate  to  influence  the  elections, 
and  to  corrupt  the  politics  of  the  state,  so  as  to  secure  the  election 
of  officers  favorable  to  their  purposes,  sheltering  themselves  and  their 
schemes  under  the  false  pretense  of  supposed  benefits  to  the  public, 
which  they  are  only  seeking  to  despoil;  therefore,  resolved : 

14.  That  this  party  and  its  nominees  throughout  the  state  are 
pledged  to  oppose  all  attempts  on  the  part  of  any  water  company,  cor- 
poration and  individual,  to  sell  any  water-works  scheme  or  pretended 
water  rights  to  the  city  of  San  Francisco,  or  to  any  town  or  city  of 
this  state,  at  a  price  in  excess  of  the  money  or  capital  actually  ex- 
pended by  such  company  or  individual  in  land  and  works,  exclusive 
of  the  supposed   value  of  any  water  right,  disconnected  from   the 
ownership  in  fee  simple  of  land  ;  it  being  a  cardinal  principle  with 
the  people's  independent  party  that  the  fresh  water  in  the  rivers 
and  lakes  of  this  state,  as  well   as  the  rains  that  descend  from  the 
clouds,  belongs  of  right  to  the  whole  people,  and  that  any  ownership 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  INDEPENDENT  PARTY.        347 

or  monopoly  of  it  by  any  corporation  or  person,  beyond  what  they 
shall  put  to  some  beneficial  use,  is  a  wrong  to  the  entire  community. 

Whereas,  The  city  of  San  Francisco  has  been  for  years  suffering 
from  the  exactions  of  the  San  Francisco  gas  company,  a  corporation 
which,  by  issuing  bonds  or  stock  from  time  to  time  to  buy  off  oppo- 
sition and  to  prevent  competition,  as  well  as  by  watering  its  stock 
many  times  over  in  order  to  conceal  its  enormous  earnings,  has  in- 
creased its  capital  to  a  sum  vastly  beyond  the  real  value  of  its  works, 
but  yet,  nevertheless,  continues  to'  charge  excessive  prices  for  gas, 
and  to  pay  dividends  upon  this  pretended  capital,  greatly  to  the 
injury  of  the  inhabitants  of  said  city  and  county;  therefore,  re- 
solved : 

15.  That  the  people's  independent  party  and  its  nominees  are 
pledged  to  the  enactment  of  laws  regulating  the  quality  and  illumi- 
nating power  of  gas  furnished  by  said  company,  and  by  all  gas  com- 
panies in  this  state,  as  well  as  the  price  thereof,  so  that  gas  shall  be 
furnished  at  such  a  rate  as  shall  afford  a  fair  profit  upon  the  cost  of 
production  and  distribution  of  the  same,  and  no  more. 

Whereas,  The  expenses  of  the  government  of  the  state  of  Cali- 
fornia, its  cities,  counties,  and  towns,  have  been  allowed  to  greatly 
exceed  the  expenses  of  other  states,  cities,  counties,  and  towns  in 
this  union,  by  reason  of  the  payment  of  salaries  in  excess  of  the 
earnings  of  citizens  engaged  in  private  business  pursuits,  as  well  as 
by  the  prevalence  of  a  spirit  of  improvidence,  and  even  jobbery,  in 
many  of  the  departments,  until  the  weight  of  taxation  rests  heavily 
upon  the  masses  of  the  people;  therefore,  resolved : 

16.  That  this  party  is  pledged  to  a  general  retrenchment  in  pub- 
lic expenditures,  and  a  reduction  of  official  salaries  throughout  the 
state,  and  in  the  cities  and  counties. 

17.  That  the  people's  independent  party  pledges  its  nominees  to 
endeavor  to  secure  a  repeal  of  all   laws  permitting  public  officers, 
upon  any  pretence  whatever,  to  collect  fees  for  their  own  use  or 
benefit;  and  further,  to  require  their  payment,   in  all  cases  where 
collected,  into  the  public  treasury. 

18.  That  the  people's  independent  party  stands  by  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  state,  which   provides  that  taxation  shall  be  equal  and 
uniform,  and  that  all  property  should  be  taxed  once,  and  no  more  ; 
and  that  any  law  which  taxes  the  same  capital  in  any  form  more 
than  once,  is  a  law  of  discrimination,  and  should  be  repealed. 


348       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Whereas,  It  is  of  paramount  importance  that  each  and  every  cit- 
izen, whether  rich  or  poor,  shall  be  made  to  bear  his  just  share  of 
taxation  to  support  the  government  under  which  he  lives,  and  in 
proportion  to  his  wealth  and  no  more;  and,  whereas,  it  has  been 
found  in  practice  that  assessors  have  in  some  instances  arbitrarily 
•decreased  the  assessments  of  favored  individuals  at  the  expense  of 
the  general  community,  thereby  inflicting  an  injury  striking  at  the 
very  foundation  of  our  system  of  government ;  therefore,  resolved  : 

19.  That  this  party  is  pledged  to  use  all  lawful   means,  by  the 
enactment  of  proper  statutes  and  otherwise,  to  eradicate  and  put  an 
^nd  to  this  vicious  practice. 

20.  That  this  party  is  pledged  to  a  thorough  and  careful  revision 
of  the  laws  regulating  the  qualifications  of  grand  and  petit  juries, 
and  to  a  reform  in  the  method  of  drawing  the  same,  to  the  end  that 
powerful  criminals,  and  especially  corrupt  public  officers  and  those 
tampering  with  them,  may  be  punished,  and  confidence  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  public  justice  maintained. 

21.  That  the  people's  independent  party  re-affirms  with  increased 
emphasis  the  principle  that  individual   conscience,  and  not  party 
discipline,  is  the  only  guide  to  the  voter  who  in  good  faith  seeks  re- 
form in  government ;  and  further,  that  we  ask  no  one  to  vote  for 
any  candidate  upon  tne  people's  ticket  upon  the  sole  ground   that 
such  candidate  is  the  party  nominee,  but,  on  the  contrary,  assert  it 
as  the  paramount  duty  of  all  citizens  to  scrutinize  the  work  of  this 
and  all  other  conventions    with  care,  and  to  repudiate  and  vote 
against  any  candidate  whose  past  life  or  character  justify  them  in 
believing  he  will   be  false  to  the  people  and  the  principles  of  good 
government. 

22.  That  the  sole  purpose  of  the  people's  independent  party  in 
placing  candidates  before  the  people  of  California  for  election  this 
year  is  that  of  securing  needed  reforms  in  this  state,  and  that  the 
objects  of  said  party  sought  to  be  obtained  in  the  movement  for 
better  local  government  are  in  no  wise  dependent  upon  the  question 
whether  there  will  or  will  not  be  an  independent  national  party  or 
an  independent  nomination  for  president  in  1876;  and  that  the  vote 
of  any  citizen  for  the  nominees  of  the  people's  independent  party  of 
California  in   1875  does  not  foreshadow  or  have    any  manner  of 
significance  or  bearing  upon  the  question  of  national  politics  or  the 
contest  for  president,  but  that  each  citizen  will  be  free  to  vote  and 
act  when  that  time  shall  arrive  as  his  conscience  may  dictate. 


NOMINATIONS   OP  INDEPENDENT  PARTY.       349 

A  motion  was  lost  to  strike  out  that  portion  relative  to  the  gas 
and  water  rates  of  San  Francisco,  as  was  also  a  motion  to  strike  out 
the  last  resolution. 

The  following  was  introduced  and  lost : 

That  no  man  should  be  removed  from  appointed  office  for  political 
opinion's  sake,  and  that  the  political  dogma,  that  to  the  victors 
belong  the  spoils,  is  demoralizing  and  pernicious. 

The  following  resolution  was  offer.ed  and  withdrawn,  after  debate : 

That  the  public  school  system  is  worthy  of  the  commendation  and 
support  of  every  American  citizen,  and  should  be  maintained  on 
the  basis  of  free  unsectarian  schools  and  an  undivided  fund. 

The  platform  as  reported  was  adopted. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  on  the  23d : 

For  governor,  John  Bid  well,  M.  M.  Estee,  and  A.  P.  Oatlin  were 
named.  On  the  first  ballot,  Bidwell  had  106;  Catlin,  86;  and 
Estee,  92.  Estee  then  withdrew.  On  the  third  ballot,  Bidwell 
was  nominated,  by  a  vote  of  197,  to  79  for  Oatlin. 

Romualdo  Pacheco,  for  lieutenant-governor,  without  opposition. 

For  secretary  of  state,  the  candidates  were  James  0.  Oarey  and 
William  Roush.  After  the  first  ballot,  Carey  was  declared  to  be- 
the  nominee,  but  it  was  afterward  ascertained  that  there  had  been 
a  miscount  of  the  votes,  and  on  motion  of  Carey,  the  nomination 
was  given  to  Rousch. 

Lauren  E.  Crane,  for  controller,  without  opposition. 

Ferdinand  Baehr,  for  treasurer,  without  opposition. 

Peter  Van  Clief,  for  attorney-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
John  Lord  Love. 

Edward  Twitchell,  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  second  ballot,  over 
John  F.  Wade  and  A.  S.  Easton. 

Paul  Morrill,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  without  opposition. 

J.  M.  Guinn,  for  school  superintendent,  without  opposition;  Ezra 
S.  Carr,  James  C.  Carey,  G.  R.  Kelley,  Joseph  LeConte,  and  John 
Swett  being  withdrawn. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  A.  S.  Hallidie, 
Peter  Dean,  J.  F.  Linthicum,  E.  B.  Mott,  jr.,  J.  K.  Doak,  A. 
Maurice,  S.  M.  Buck,  T,  J.  Sherwood,  D.  B.  Hoffman,  J.  F.  Cow- 
dery,  and  others. 


.350      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  first  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  July  1st, 
and  nominated  John  F.  Swift  for  congressman,  without  opposition. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  June  23d, 
and  nominated  Charles  A.  Tuttle  for  congressman,  without  opposi- 
tion. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  June  23d, 
and  nominated  Charles  F.  Reed  for  congressman,  without  opposi- 
tion. The  name  of  Luttrell  was  proposed  in  the  convention,  but  it 
was  not  considered,  as  a  telegram  was  read  from  him  stating  that 
he  would  abide  by  the  democratic  convention  for  his  endorsement. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  Santa  Barbara  on  July  14th, 
and  J.  S.  Thompson  was  nominated  for  congressman,  without 
opposition. 

The  democratic  state  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  June 
29th.  It  was  called  to  order  by  J.  P.  Hoge,  chairman  of  the  state 
committee.  John  G.  Downey  was  elected  temporary  chairman  on 
the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  175,  to  147  for  Leander  Quint.  The 
committee  on  platform  consisted  of  E.  J.  Lewis,  J.  B.  Jarboe, 
Niles  Searls,  James  T.  Farley,  G.  J.  Carpenter,  Eugene  Casserly, 
and  Frank  McOoppin.  On  the  30th,  a  permanent  organization  was 
effected  by  the  election  of  Downey  as  president;  and  L.  Archer, 
J.  T.  Farley,  E.  J.  Lewis,  A.  F.  Ooronel,  A.  M.  Rosborough,  C.  H. 
Mitchell,  George  W.  Henley,  and  others,  vice-presidents.  The  com- 
mittee reported  the  following  resolutions,  which  were  unanimously 
adopted  : 

The  democratic  party  of  California,  in  state  convention  assembled, 
in  compliance  with  usage,  do  assert  the  following  principles  as  the 
basis  of  their  political  action,  and  pledge  the  candidates  about  to  be 
nominated  to  their  hearty  support.  We  declare : 

1.  That  we  are  opposed  to  the  unconstitutional  interference  of 
the  federal  administration  in  the  domestic  affairs  of  the  states,  by 
which  one  portion  of  the  union  is  ground  with  taxation  to  keep  an- 
other portion  of  the  union  in  a  state  of  bankruptcy  and  servitude. 

2.  We  condemn  the  republican  party,  not  only  for  its  contempt  of 
constitutional  obligations,  but  for  its  extravagant,  partisan,  and  cor- 
rupt administration  of  the  federal  government;  for  the  perversion  of 
the  functions  of  the  latter  to  enrich  great  corporations  at  the  expense 
of  the  public;  for  .the  jobbery  and  frauds  which  have  brought  re- 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  351 

proach  upon  democratic  institutions;  for  the  Sanborn  and  Jayne 
frauds;  for  the  infamous  Washington  ring;  for  the  back-pay  steal ; 
the  iniquities  of  the  protective  system;  the  curse  of  inconvertible 
paper  money;  the  nepotism  of  the  president ;  for  its  disgraceful  dip- 
lomatic service,  and  unfit  appointments;  for  its  attempts  to  pass  an 
unconstitutional  force  bill,  which  were  fortunately  frustrated  by  the 
determined  front  of  the  democratic  minority  in  both  houses  of  con- 
gress; and  for  a  catalogue  of  other  enormities  which  have  rendered 
that  organization  offensive  even  to  the  mass  of  those  who  were  once 
its  supporters. 

3.  That  now,  as  at  all  periods,  we  are  in  favor  of  a  strict  construc- 
tion of  the  constitution,  and  against  the  exercise  of  doubtful  powers ; 
in  favor  of  limiting  the  powers  of  legislative  bodies ;  in  favor  of  a 
tariff  for  revenue  only,  and  a  currency  convertible  into  gold  and 
silver  at  the  will  of  the  holder ;  against  the  pronigate  and  wasteful 
system  of  local  improvements  by  the  federal  government,  and  in 
favor  of  reducing  the  expenditures  of  the  state  government,  and  of 
the  counties  and  towns,  and  the  salaries  of  officials,  which  have  been 
largely  increased  since  the  state  election  of  1871. 

4.  That  the  school  system  and  fund  of  this  state  are  under  the 
guarantee  of  the  constitution  inviolable,  and   we  are  opposed  to  any 
diversion  of  the  fund  to  any  purposes  except  those  ordained  by  the 
constitution. 

5.  We  assert  the  traditional  policy  of  the  democratic  party,  in 
declaring  that  it  is  the  right  and  duty  of  the  legislature  to  regulate 
corporations,  whether  railway,  gas,  telegraph,  water,  or  otherwise; 
to  limit  their  charges  in  the  interest  of  the  public,  and   to  compel 
them  to  serve  all  citizens  without  discrimination,  and  at  reasonable 
rates;  and  that  when  they  refuse  to  do  so,  we  recognize  the  right 
and  declare  the  intention  of  making  them  do  so;  and  we  further 
assert  it  to  be  the  duty  of  the  government  to  preserve  the  waters  of 
the  state  for  irrigation  and  other  public  uses,  instead  of  permitting 
them  to  be  made  the  means  of  extortion  and  monopoly. 

6.  That  the  democratic  party  has  no  occasion  to  make  any  new 
departure  or  declaration  of  opposition  to  the  system  of  subsidies, 
when  we  recall  the  fact  that  it  is  to  a  democratic  state  administra- 
tion that  this  state  owes  its  deliverance  from  this  oppressive,  unjust, 
and  corrupting  system. 

7.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  calling  a  convention  of  delegates  elected 
by  the  people,  to  amend  the  constitution  of  the  state,  as  the  only 
mode  of  creating  a  system  of  government  at  once  harmonious  and 


352       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

efficient,  and  are  therefore  opposed  to  the  amendments  to  the  consti- 
tution proposed. 

8.  That  the  time-honored  democratic  doctrine  of  local  self-govern- 
ment is  sufficient  when  properly  administered  to  afford  an  efficient 
remedy  for  the  evil^  now  caused  by  Chinese  labor,  and  the  presence 
among  us  of  an  inferior  race,  detrimental  to  our  moral  and  physical 
health ;  that  in  the  interest  of  all  classes  in  California,  especially 
that  of  the  white  working  people,  we  demand  such  amendment  to 
the  Burlingame  treaty  as  shall  reduce  it  to  a  mere  commercial  con- 
vention. 

—  9.  That  we  condemn  the  doctrine  whereby  the  power  of  the  state 
to  prevent  the  importation  to  our  shores  of  degraded  persons  for 
immoral  purposes  has  been  denied. 

10.  That  we  favor  the  speedy  completion  of  a  trans-continental 
railway  on  the  thirty-second  parallel,  subject  to  such  limitations  by 
the  federal  and  state  governments  as  shall  protect  the  rights  of  the 
people. 

11.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  equal  taxation,  and  any  departure 
from  this  principle,  or  any  system  of  taxation  which  imposes  a 
double  tax  upon  the  same  object,  is  in  violation  of  the  spirit  of  the 
constitution  and  unjust  to  the  best  interests  of  the  state. 

12.  That  all  legislation  intended  to  regulate  the  social  habits  and 
customs  of  the  people,  so  long  as  those  habits  and  customs  do  not 
interfere  with  the  welfare  of  society  at  large,  and  all  legislation  of 
the  character  known  by  the  general  name  of  prohibitory  laws,  is 
opposed  to  the  principles  of  the  democratic  party,  and  is  calculated 
to  promote  a  pretense  of  social  morality  rather  than  a  well-founded 
system  of  public  order  and  decency. 

13.  That  we  invite  the  hearty  co-operation  of  all  persons,  what- 
ever may  have  been  their  past  political  affinities,  to  unite  with  us 
in  carrying  out  the  principles  herein  enunciated. 

14.  That  we  condemn,  as  subversive  of   the  rights  of  the  people, 
and  ruinous  to  the  best  interests  of  the  state,  the  policy  of  permitting 
the  lands  of  the  state  to  become  a  monopoly  in  the  hands  of  the  few 
at  the  expense  of  the  many,  and  we  hereby  pledge  the  democratic 
party  to  the  correction  of  this  giant  evil. 

For  governor,  Thomas  Findley,  James  A.  Johnson,  William  Irwin, 
C.  T.  Ryland,  and  Philip  A  Roach  were  named.  Irwin  was  nomin- 
ated on  the  seventh  ballot.  On  the  first  ballot,  four  votes  were  cast 
for  John  S.  Hager.  The  ballots  were  as  follows : 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION. 


353 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

87 
53 
104 
63 
34 

90 
54 
109 
70 
22 

91 
61 
117 
76 
Wi1 

94 
59 
119 
73 

;hdra 

92 
54 
128 
71 

wn. 

92 
43 
141 
67 

75 
19 
193 
58 

Irwin  

Ryland            

Roach    

For  lieutenant-governor,  James  A.  Johnson,  R.  0.  Haile,  George 
Pearce,  Frank  McCoppin,  Marion  Biggs  (declined),  and  A.  0.  Brad- 
ford were  named.  First  ballot — Johnson,  119;  Pearce,  44;  Mc- 
Coppin, 92 ;  Bradford,  50 ;  Haile,  37.  During  the  second  ballot 
Haile  and  Pearce  withdrew,  and  Johnson  was  nominated  by  a  vote 
of  194,  to  143  for  McCoppin,  and  6  for  Bradford. 

The  following  additional  nominations  were  made  : 

Thomas  Beck  for  secretary  of  state,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote 
of  182,  to  157  for  W.  B.  C.  Brown. 

J.  W.  Mandeville  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of 
214,  to  37  for  0.  0.  Coleman,  64  for  Joseph  Roberts,  and  11  for  R. 
Gibbons. 

J.  G.  Estudillo  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  175, 
to  18  for  J.  M.  Estudillo,  of  Alameda,  40  for  Juan  B.  Castro,  8  for 
Otto  Kloppenburg,  and  103  for  A.  G.  Escandon. 

Jo  Hamilton  for  attorney-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of 
180,  to  165  for  Thomas  P.  Ryan. 

William  Minis  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  T.  J. 
Shackleford,  G.  W.  Smith,  W.  Neely  Johnson,  G.  Howard  Thomp- 
son, and  William  A.  Ord. 

On  July  1st,  the  following  additional  nominations  were  made: 

D.  Barney  Woolf  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  bal- 
lot, over  L.  0.  Branch,  W.  R.  Hinkson,  and  Sands  W.  Forman. 

0.  P.  Fitzgerald  for  school  superintendent,  without  opposition. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  E.  J.  Lewis,  Joseph 
F.  Black,  Caleb  Dorsey,  W.  B.  0.  Brown,  J.  B.  Lamar,  P.  H.  Ryan, 
H.  J.  Glenn,  W.  M.  Gwin,  jr.,  Peter  Donahue,  J.  B.  Campbell,  0. 
H.  Mitchell,  Paul  Shirley,  J.  W.  Satterwhite,  0.  T.  Ryland,  Thomas 
Findley,  Eugene  Casserly,  L.  Quint,  P.  A.  Roach,  R.  A.  Thompson, 
A.  H.  Rose,  D.  S.  Terry,  J.  P.  Hoge,  and  others. 


The  first  district  democratic  convention  met  at  San  Francisco,  on 

23 


354       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

July  6th,  J.  0.  Shorb,  Mark  L.  McDonald,  Robert  Ferral,  and  W. 
A.  Piper  were  named  for  congressman.  Ferral  withdrew,  and  Piper 
was  nominated  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  35,  to  9  for  McDonald, 
and  10  for  Shorb. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco,  on  June 
30th,  and  Henry  Larkin  was  nominated  for  congressman,  on  the 
first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  47,  to  41  for  A.  W.  Roysdon. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco,  on  June  29th, 
and  J.  K.  Luttrell  was  nominated  for  congressman,  without  oppo- 
sition. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco,  on  July  2d, 
and  P.  D.  Wigginton  was  nominated  for  congressman,  on  the  first 
ballot,  by  a  vote  of  47,  to  24  for  B.  D.  Wilson,  and  16  for  Charles 
H.  Johnson. 

The  state  convention  of  the  temperance  reform  party  met  at  San 
Francisco,  on  June  30th.  The  body  embraced  about  one  hundred 
delegates,  representing  nearly  every  county  in  the  state.  A  number 
of  the  delegates  were  ladies.  The  convention  was  called  to  order 
by  W.'  E.  Lovett,  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  Joel  Russell 
was  elected  president.  Resolutions  were  adopted  favoring  economy 
in  the  administration  of  the  government ;  remonstrating  against  the 
monopoly  of  lands  by  speculators;  favoring  the  increase  of  railroad 
facilities,  but  opposing  subsidies ;  demanding  for  the  whole  country 
a  real,  changeable  currency,  and  the  enforcement  of  all  laws  tending 
to  the  recognition  of  equal  rights  of  all  citizens.  The  platform  also 
set  forth  the  evils  of  intemperance;  demanded  a  license  tax  of  at 
least  $30  per  month;  opposed  the  sale  of  liquors  in  groceries;  fa- 
vored a  mingling  of  physical  labor  with  school  studies;  demanded 
the  establishment  of  mechanical  and  agricultural  colleges  in  connec- 
tion with  the  university;  favored  an  eight  hour  law,  and  all  socie- 
ties formed  by  the  masses ;  demanded  congressional  interference  to 
prevent  Chinese  labor;  claimed  that  mechanics  and  laboring  men 
should  be  represented  in  congress  by  their  own  class ;  asserted  that 
taxes  should  be  paid  upon  luxuries,  and  that  the  revenue  should  be 
drawn  from  accumulated  capital  rather  than  from  the  current  pro- 
ducts of  labor;  opposed  legislation  restricting  commerce;  demanded 
that  cities  be  vested  with  the  right  to  control  their  own  affairs; 
favored  a  transfer  of  the  city  front  to  the  municipality ;  deprecated 
the  abuse  of  capital ;  demanded  a  sailors'  home,  and  opposed  con- 
vict labor. 


TEMPERANCE  REFORM  PARTY.  355 

For  governor,  the  names  of  John  Bidwell  and  W.  E.  Lovetfc  were 
presented.  A  dispatch  was  read  from  Bidwell,  in  answer  to  one 
asking  him  to  accept  the  nomination,  in  which  he  said :  "I  stand 
upon  the  people's  independent  platform.  Believe  firmly  in  temper- 
ance. Will  accept  no  further  nomination."  Lovett  was  nominated 
by  a  vote  of  63,  to  34  for  Bidwell. 

'  The  following  additional  nominations  were  made,  without  opposi- 
tion: 

J.  V.  Goodrich,  for  lieutenant-governor. 

W.  H.  Baxter,  for  secretary  of  state. 

Joel  Russell,  for  controller. 

George  B.  Katzenstein,  for  surveyor-general. 

C.  P.  Thompson,  for  treasurer. 

G.  W.  Anthony,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court. . 

Ezra  S.  Carr,  for  school  superintendent. 

R.  E.  Thompson,  for  attorney-general. 

No  nominations  were  made  for  congressmen. 

On  July  16th,  Goodrich,  Baxter,  and  Anthony  declined  their 
nominations,  and  on  the  22d,  the  state  committee  nominated  W.  D. 
Hobson  for  lieutenant-governor,  E.  H.  Hallett  for  secretary  of  state, 
and  Grant  I.  Taggart  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court. 

The  general  state  election  was  held  ^on  September  1st,  and  the 
result  was  as  follows  :  V/ 

For  Governor— ?he\ps,  31,322  ;  Irwtn\  61,509  ;  Bidwell,  29,752  ; 
Lovett,  356. 

Lieutenant-Governor — Oavis,  30,932;  Johnson,  58,424 ;  Pacheco, 
33,335;  Hobson,  242. 

Secretary  of  State— Hallett,  34,174;  Beck,  59,746;  Roush,  28,- 
772. 

Controller— Green,  36,901;  Mandeville,  57,064;  Crane,  28,535; 
Russell,  262. 

Treasurer— Beckman,  34,222  ;  Estudillo,  59,090  ;  Baehr,  29,042  ; 
Thompson,  258. 

Attorney-General—  Sawyer,  34,002;  Hamilton,  60,915;  Van 
Clief,  27,769. 

Surveyor-General—  Gardner,  35,098;  Minis,  59,677;  Twitchell, 
27,816. 

Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court — Taggart,  34,642;  Woolf,  59,723; 
Merrill,  28,569. 


356       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Congressmen:  First  district — Piper,  12,417;  Rankin,  6,791  ; 
Swift,  6,103. 

Second  district— Page,  13,624;  Larkin,  12,154;  Tuttle,  5,589. 

Third  district— Luttrell,  18,468;  Denio,  14,284;  Reed,  6,770. 

Fourth  district — Wlgginton,  15,649;  Thompson,  5,343;  Hough- 
ton,  11,090. 

At  the  judicial  election  held  on  October  20th,  Carr  was  elected 
school  superintendent,  by  a  vote  of  45,257  to  39,630  for  Fitzgerald. 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 

1876.  Republican  Convention,  April  26th — Democratic  Convention, 
May  24th — Democratic  Convention,  July  26th — Republican  Conven- 
tion, August  gth. 

The  republican  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco,  on  March 
19th,  and  called  a  state  convention  to  meet  at  Sacramento  on  April 
26th,  to  select  twelve  delegates  to  attend  the  national  convention, 
to  meet  at  Cincinnati  on  June  14th.  The  following  test  was 
adopted  :  "Opposition  to  the  restoration  to  power  of  the  democratic 
party,  and  an  intention  to  act  in  good  faith  with  the  republican 
party." 

At  the  time  and  place  indicated,  the  republican  state  convention 
met,  and  was  called  to  order  by  A.  G.  Abell,  chairman  of  the  state 
committee.  W.  0.  Norton,  L.  E.  Pratt,  and  L.  B.  Mizner  were 
nominated  for  temporary  chairman.  Mizner  withdrew,  and  Norton 
was  selected,  by  a  vote  of  246  to  116  for  Pratt.  The  committee  on 
resolutions  consisted  of  George  G.  Blanchard,  P.  H.  McGowan, 
E.  W.  Roberts,  Charles  F.  Reed,  and  J.  V.  Kelly.  On  permanent 
organization,  Norton  was  president,  and  Mizner  and  Pratt,  vice- 
presidents. 

The  following  resolutions  were  reported  : 

1.  That  we  have  undiminished  faith  in  the  integrity  of  the  repub- 
lican party  of  the  nation;  that  in  its  principles  is  the  only  security 
of  national  existence,  prosperity,  and  honor. 

2.  That  in  suppressing  the  great  rebellion,  begun  and  prosecuted 
by  one  wing  of  the  democratic  party,  and  countenanced  and  aided 
by  the  other,  and  in  destroying  slavery  and  preserving  the  nation, 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  357 

the  republican  party  justly  earned  the  gratitude  of  the  lovers  of 
liberty  and  good  government  everywhere ;  yet  as  a  political  party  it 
cannot  long  endure  and  receive  popular  support  solely  on  renown 
already  achieved,  however  brilliant,  but  must  go  forward  and  courage- 
ously deal  with  other  questions  now  demanding  consideration;  and 
that  among  such  questions  there  is  none  more  pressing  or  important 
than  reform  in  the  civil  service  of  the  government,  and  the  complete 
extirpation  of  the  spoils  system,  inaugurated  by  the  democratic 
party. 

3.  That  we  both  admire  and  approve  the  action  of  those  who  have 
been,  and  are  still,  engaged  in  the  prosecution  and  punishment  of 
official  dishonesty.     That  we  are  in  favor  of  an  economical  adminis- 
tration of  the  government  by  honest,  faithful,  and  capable  officers. 

4.  That  the  republican  party  of  California  deprecates  now,  as  it 
has  done  at  all  times  in  the  past,  the  presence  among  us  of  hordes 
of  servile  Chinese,  inimical  to  our  advancement  as  a  nation.     That, 
while  the  democratic  party  has  repeatedly  resolved  against  the  intro- 
duction of  these  people,  it  has  never  taken  action  to  prevent  it. 
That  we  fully  endorse  the  course  of  our  representatives,  to  whom  is 
due  the  credit  of  the  only  laws  of  reform  upon  this  subject.  That  we 
are  in  favor  of  such  a  modification  of  the  existing  treaty  with  China 
as  will  effectually  prevent  any  further  influx  of  these  people  into 
our  state. 

5.  That  we  favor  a  return  to  metallic  currency,  and  the  restoration 
of  the  silver  coin  of  the  United  States  to  its  constitutional  equality 
with  gold  as  -a  legal  tender. 

6.  That  the  funded  debt  of  the  nation,  the  principal  and  interest 
of  which  was  by  law  made  payable  in  gold,  should  be  so  paid,  and 
that  any  and  every  scheme  of  repudiation,  direct  or  indirect,  meets 
the  hearty  condemnation  of  the  republicans  of  California. 

7.  That  the  democracy  of  this  state  is  not  to  be  trusted  as  a  na- 
tional party  with  the  possession  of  the  presidential  office  or  of  congress, 
because  of  its  purpose  to  add  hundreds  of  millions  to  the  national 
debt,  for  pensions  to  confederate  soldiers,  claims  for  cotton  legally 
and  justly  confiscated,  and   in  the  end,  over  a  thousand  millions  as 
compensation  'for  the  loss  of  slaves  of  the  south,  the  allowance  of 
which  would  most  surely  result  in  another  war,  since  loyal  union 
men  will  never  peacefully  consent  to  be  taxed  to  pay  treason  for  its 
losses. 

An  amendment  was  offered  arid  withdrawn,  expressing  the  opinion 


358      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

that  no  person  should  be  elected  president  for  a  third  term.  The 
resolutions  as  reported  were  unanimously  adopted.  The  following 
were  elected  delegates  to  the  national  convention : 

First  congressional  district — John  Martin  and  Isaac  Hecht. 

Second  congressional  district— L.  H.  Foote  and  E.  H.  Dyer. 

Third  congressional  district — N.  D.  Rideout  and  A.  P.  Whitney. 

Fourth  congressional  district — Josiah  Belden  and  M.  E.  Gonzales. 

For  delegates  at  large,  A.  G.  Abell,  George  S.  Evans,  Drury  Me- 
lone,  Charles  F.  Reed,  Eugene  L.  Sullivan,  and  J.  M.  Pierce  were 
nominated.  On  the  first  ballot,  Abell  had  349  votes;  Evans,  317; 
Melone,  127;  Pierce,  285;  Reed,  327,  and  Sullivan,  119.  Abell, 
Evans,  Pierce,  and  Reed  were  therefore  elected. 

J.  M.  Fulweiler  moved  that  the  convention  express  itself  in  favor 
of  James  G.  Blaine  for  president,  and  Ira  P.  Rankin  offered  the 
following : 

That  while  the  republican  party  contains  many  men  who,  by  their 
recognized  ability  and  devotion  to  the  principles  of  the  party,  have 
proved  themselves  worthy  of  public  support  and  confidence,  and 
capable  of  filling  honorably  the  highest  office  in  the  gift  of  the  peo- 
ple, the  republican  party  of  California  especially  recognizes  in  the 
Hon.  James  G.  Blairie  an  eminently  able  and  tried  exponent  of  the 
principles  of  the  party,  of  large  experience  in  public  life,  of  the 
purest  public  and  private  character,  and  possessing  in  a  marked 
degree  those  personal  qualities  which  would  do  honor  to  the  office  of 
president  of  the  United  States. 

That  while  thus  expressing  our  preference  for  the  Hon.  James  G. 
Blaine,  yet  having  confidence  in  the  intelligence  and  patriotism  of 
our  delegates  to  the  national  convention,  we  leave  them  unembar- 
rassed by  instructions,  and  free  to  exercise  their  own  deliberate 
choice  in  the  convention  as  the  interests  of  the  country  may  in  their 
judgment  seem  to  demand. 

The  resolution  was  adopted. 

The  democratic  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco  on  April 
12th,  and  called  a  state  convention  to  meet  at  that  city  on  May  24th, 
to  select  twelve  delegates  to  attend  the  national  convention  to  assem- 
ble at  St.  Louis  on  June  27th,  and  to  nominate  presidential  electors. 
The  state  convention  was  to  be  composed  of  355  delegates.  The  test 
included  "all  persons  who  intended  to  vote  for  the  nominees  of  the 
democratic  party  at  the  ensuing  election." 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  359 

On  the  day  named  the  state  convention  convened  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  was  called  to  order  by  John  C.  Maynard,  secretary  of  the 
state  committee.  C.  T.  Ryland  was  elected  temporary  chairman, 
without  opposition.  The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of  J. 
S.  Hager,  Senator  Howe,  J.  T.  Farley,  Jo  Hamilton,  J.  C.  Burch, 
W.  J.  Tinnin,  and  others.  Considerable  difficulty  was  experienced 
in  settling  contests  for  seats.  In  the  evening  a  permanent  organ- 
ization was  effected  by  the  election  of  Ryland  as  president,  and  A. 
J.  Bryant,  R.  J.  Tobin,  F.  M.  Warmcastle,  T.  F.  Bagge,  M.  Biggs, 
and  others,  vice-presidents.  The  committee  on  order  of  business 
.reported  in  favor  of  electing  three  delegates  from  each  congressional 
district,  but  the  convention,  by  a  vote  of  196  to  151,  decided  to 
elect  two  from  each  district,  and  four  at  large.  The  committee  also 
reported  that  in  regard  to  nominating  presidential  electors  at  that 
convention,  they  were  equally  divided,  and  they  referred  the  matter 
to  the  convention.  After  debate,  it  was  decided,  by  a  vote  of  227 
to  117,  to  postpone  the  nominations  until  after  the  adjournment  of 
the  national  convention.  On  the  25th,  a  state  committee  was  se- 
lected, consisting  of  M.  R.  C.  Pulliam,  Jos.  F.  Black,  R.  J.  Tobin, 
J.  D.  Spencer,  W.  B.  C.  Brown,  J.  0.  Wolfskill,  P.  H.  Ryan,  W. 
J.  Tinnin,  John  Boggs,  J.  0.  Maynard,  A.  B.  Dibble,  A.  H.  Glass- 
cock,  Paul  Shirley,  J.  W.  Freeman,  A.  P.  Overton,  A.  Newman, 
Peter  Donahue,  J.  H.  Baird,  H.  F.  Williams,  S.  A.  Sharp,  T.  M. 
O'Connor,  and  others.  The  committee  on  resolutions  reported  the 
following  : 

The  democracy  of  California,  in  convention  assembled,  adopt  and 
promulgate  the  following  declaration  of  principles  : 

1.  Fidelity  to  all  the  provisions  of  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

2.  A  perpetual  union  of  the  states,  with  local  self-government  in 
every  section. 

3.  Civil  service  reform.     A  restitution  of  the  traits  of  honesty, 
fidelity,  and  capacity  in  the  selection  and  qualifications  of  public 
officers. 

4.  Retrenchment  and  economy  in  federal,  state,  and   municipal 
administration;  reducing  the  burdens  on  labor  by  the  reduction  of 
offices  and  taxation. 

5.  Exposure  and  speedy  punishment,  by  penal  laws,  of  corruption 
and  peculation  in  the  administration  of  public  affairs. 

6.  The   private  use  and  appropriation  of  public  funds  by  official 


360       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

custodians,  means  embezzlement  and  robbery.  Official  accounta- 
bility exacted  and  enforced  by  the  better  administration  of  civil  and 
criminal  laws. 

7.  State  corporations  supervisable  by  and  subordinate  to  state 
legislation,  in  the  interests  of  the  people. 

8.  Free  schools,  exempt  from  all  sectarian  control.     A  free  press, 
accountable  for  abuses  to  civil  and  criminal  laws. 

9.  Preservation  of  public  faith  and  credit,  and  the  honest  pay- 
ment of  the  public  debt. 

10.  The  money  of  the  constitution,  gold  and  silver,  the  only  legal 
tender. 

11.  A  tariff  for  purposes  of  revenue  only. 

12.  No  Chinese  immigration.     It  is  so  thoroughly  obnoxious  to 
our  people  and  institutions,  that  its  prohibition  is  imperatively  de- 
manded, and  all  the  powers  of  the  government  should  be  exerted  to 
that  end. 

The  committee  also  recommended  the  adoption  of  the  following: 

That  the  majority  of  our  delegation  to  the  national  convention 
cast  the  vote  of  this  state  as  a  unit. 

E.  J.  Lewis  offered  the  following  amendment  to  the  committee 
report : 

Whereas,  The  Hon.  Samuel  J.  Tilden,  governor  of  New  York,  by 
his  manly  defense  of  the  people  against  the  corrupt  schemes  of  po- 
litical tricksters,  has  pointed  him  out  as  the  true  reformer  and  fit 
champion  of  the  people  in  the  conflict  with  official  corruption,  and 
by  his  bold  advocacy  of  hard  money  as  the  circulating  medium  of 
our  country,  has  made  himself  an  unobjectionable  leader  of  the 
democratic  party;  therefore,  resolved,  that  his  nomination  for  pres- 
ident of  the  United  States,  by  the  national  democratic  convention 
would  be  acceptable  to  the  democratic  party  of  California,  and  a 
glorious  victory  in  the  cause  of  honest  government. 

After  a  discussion,  the  report  of  the  committee  was  unanimously 
adopted,  so  far  as  the  platform  was  concerned.  The  resolution  to 
instruct  the  delegation  to  vote  as  a  unit  was  then  carried  by  a  vote 
of  257  to  96.  The  Lewis  resolution  was  adopted  without  opposi- 
tion. Delegates  to  the  national  convention  were  then  selected  as 
follows : 

First  congressional  district — William  Dunphy  and  George  H. 
Rogers. 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  361 

Second  congressional  district — John  C.  Hays  and  F.  T.  Baldwin. 

Third  congressional  district — Armand  Bay  and  George  N.  Oorn- 
well. 

Fourth  congressional  district — J.  F.  Moultrie  and  T.  D.  Mott. 

For  delegates  at  large,  John  S.  Hager,  Joseph  P.  Hoge,  J.  W, 
Taylor,  John  G.  Downey,  James  L.  English,  and  Eugene  Casserly 
were  named.  On  the  first  ballot,  Hager  had  250  votes;  Taylor, 
257;  Hoge,  282 ;  Downey,  139  ;  English,  267;  and  Casserly,  239. 
Hager,  Hoge,  English,  and  Taylor  were  therefore  elected. 

The  convention  then  adjourned  to  meet  on  the  last  Wednesday  in 
July. 

Pursuant  to  adjournment,  the  democratic  convention  met  at  San 
Francisco  on  July  26th.  The  committee  on  resolutions  reported  the 
following,  which  were  unanimously  adopted  : 

1.  That  the  democracy  of  California  accept  and  endorse  the  demo- 
cratic  declaration   of  principles,  adopted   at  their  recent  national 
democratic  convention  assembled  at  St.  Louis,  as  a  true  and  faithful 
exposition  of  democratic  sentiments  upon  the  political  issues  of  the 
day. 

2.  That  the  Chinese  plank  of  our  national  platform  is  in  strict 
conformity  with  our  resolutions  adopted  at  our  late  session,  and  is  so 
bold  and  unequivocal  a  stand  on  this  important  question,  so  vital  to 
our  prosperity  as  a  state,  that  we  congratulate  the  people  of  the 
Pacific  slope  on  the  prospect  thus  afforded  of  speedy  relief. 

3.  That  the  thanks  of  this  convention  are  hereby  tendered  to  our 
national  delegates  for  their  faithful  and  efficient  representation  of 
the  democracy  of  this  state  in  the  national  councils  of  our  party. 

4.  That  we  hail  with  pleasure  the  names  presented  for  the  presi- 
dency and  vice-presidency,  the  model  governors  of  the  union,  Samuel 
J.  Tilden,  of  New  York,  and  Thomas  A.  Hendricks,  of  Indiana, 
and  unqualifiedly  ratify  their  nominations. 

5.  That  the  great  issue  of  local  self-government  and  reform  against 
centralization  and  official  corruption  is  now  fairly  before  the  people 
of  the  union,  and  we  as  patriots  dare  not  anticipate  defeat. 

6.  That  one  mission  above  all  others  in  the  war  we  are  now 
waging  against  the  present   administration  and  its  allies,  is   the 
enforcement  of  that  God  given  command,  "Thou  shalt  not  steal." 

The  following  nominations  were  made  for  presidential  electors  : 
First  district,  Stuart  M.  Taylor ;  second  district,  Joseph  H.  Budd; 


362       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

third  district,   Barclay  Henley;  fourth  district,  Frank  Ganahl;  at 

large,  J.  Campbell  Shorb  and  John  S.  Hager. 

For  alternate  electors,  the  following  were  named  : 

First  district,  John  Mullan;  second  district,  Theodore  F.  Bagge; 

third  district,  Marion  Biggs;  fourth  district,  Juan  B.  Castro.     At 

large,  Joseph  Naphtaly  and  Cameron  H.  King  were  nominated,  over 

M.  G.  Yallejo  and  O.  M.  Wozencraft. 

A  motion  was  made  and  lost  to  nominate  a  candidate  for  state 

controller,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  J.  W.  Mande- 

ville. 

The  first  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  May  25th,  and 
nominated  William  A.  Piper  for  congressman,  without  opposition. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  September 
20th,  and  nominated  G.  J.  Carpenter  for  congressman,  without 
opposition. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  July  26th, 
and  nominated  J.  K.  Luttrell  for  congressman,  without  opposition ; 
Barclay  Henley  withdrawing. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  May  25th, 
and  nominated  P.  D.  Wigginton  for  congressman,  without  opposi- 
tion. 

The  second  republican  state  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on 
August  9th,  and  was  called  to  order  by  A.  G.  Abell,  the  chairman 
of  the  state  committee.  W.  0.  Norton  was  elected  temporary  chair- 
man, without  opposition.  The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted 
of  G.  G.  Blanchard,  E.  W.  Roberts,  Calvin  Edgerton,  James  E.  Hale, 
R.  Burnell,  S.  F.  Gilcrest,  and  E.  S.  Salomon.  On  permanent 
organization,  Norton  was  president;  and  W.  H.  Sears,  L.  H.  Foote, 
H.  W.  Briggs,  and  R.  Burnell  were  vice-presidents.  The  conven- 
tion determined  to  nominate  a  candidate  for  state  controller.  An 
adjournment  was  then  taken  until  evening. 

During  the  recess,  the  delegates  from  the  first  congressional  dis- 
trict met  and  nominated  D.  A.  McKinley  for  elector,  on  the  first 
ballot,  over  Paul  Neuman,  George  F.  Baker,  Louis  R.  Lull,  Dr.  H. 
Cox,  and  J.  McM.  Shafter.  O.  F.  Yon  Rhein  was  nominated  for 
alternate  elector,  without  opposition. 

The  second  district  delegates  nominated  John  B.  Felton  for 
elector,  without  opposition;  L.  H.  Foote  withdrawing.  George  G. 
Blanchard  was  nominated  for  alternate. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTIONS.  363 

The  third  district  delegates  nominated  John  H.  Jewett  for  elector, 
"without  opposition.  For  alternate,  Jerome  Banks,  A.  P.  Whitney, 
H.  W.  Byington,  and  L.  W.  Watkins  were  named,  and  Banks  was 
nominated,  on  the  first  ballot. 

The  fourth  district  delegates  nominated  H.  J.  Ostrander  for 
elector,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Thomas  Fallon  and  W.  E.  Lovett. 
'G.  0.  Reed  was  nominated  for  alternate,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
J.  F.  Richards  and  0.  S.  Abbott. 

In  the  evening,  the  state  convention  met.  D.  M.  Kenfield  was 
nominated  for  controller,  without  opposition;  Bernard  Lande  with- 
drawing. The  nominations  which  had  been  made  by  the  district 
•conventions  for  electors  and  alternates  were  ratified. 

John  F.  Miller  and  Morris  M.  Estee  were  nominated  for  electors 
at  large,  without  opposition ;  and  Paul  Neuman  and  J.  McM,  Shafter 
were  nominated  for  alternate  electors  at  large. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  J.  T.  Richards, 
William  Sharkey,  N.  W.  Spaulding,  H.  T.  Dorrance,  A.  Briggs,  R 
Burnell,  E.  A.  Davis,  J.  Buhlert,  C.  Rowell,  J.  H.  Neff,  Sol.  Jewett, 
J.  R.  Brierly,  M.  D.  Boruck,  Thomas  Fallon,  J.  G.  Wickersham, 
R.  Chute,  0.  Clayton,  A.  G.  Abell,  W.  W.  Dodge,  E.  B.  Mott,  jr., 
L.  Sloss,  W.  F.  Whittier,  0.  N.  Felton,  F.  K.  Shattuck,  S.  O. 
Houghton,  and  others. 

The  committee  on  resolutions  reported  the  following : 

1.  That  the  delegates  of  the  republican  party  of  California,  in 
state  convention  assembled,  do  reaffirm  and  endorse  the  platform  of 
the  national  republican  convention  held  at  Cincinnati,  and  adopt 
the  same  as  the  chart  of  our  political  principles. 

2.  That  we  heartily  endorse  the  action  of  that  convention  in  nomi- 
nating Rutherford  B.   Hayes  as  our  candidate  for  president  and 
William  A.  Wheeler,  vice-president,  and  recognize  in  them  cham- 
pions oi  honest  and  stable  government — the  true  representatives  of 
popular  reform  and  popular  liberty.  . 

3.  That  we  do  reaffirm  and  endorse  the  announcement  of  princi- 
ples contained  in  the  letters  of  acceptance  of  those  of  our  national 
candidates,  that  "office  should  be  conferred  only  on  the  basis  of  high 
character  and  particular  fitness,  and  should  be  administered  only  as 
public  trusts  and  not  for  private  advantage." 

4.  That  as  a  great  national  party,  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the 
laboring  masses,  we  are  opposed  to  the  further  immigration  of  the 
Chinese,  and  we  demand,  and  will  use  all  the  means  in  our  power 


364       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

procure,  a  modification  of  the  present  treaty  between  the  govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  and  the  Chinese  empire,  so  as  to  entirely 
prevent  the  further  immigration  of  a  people  among  us,  who,  by 
reason  of  their  uniform,  ingrained  character  and  national  antece- 
dents are  equally  incapacitated  from  becoming  American  citizens, 
or  of  becoming  desirable  members  of  our  American  communities,  and 
whose  presence  and  further  introduction  is  prejudicial  to  the  indus- 
trial interests  of  the  nation. 

5.  That  the  interests  of  California  and  the  welfare  of  the  country 
demand  resumption  of  specie  payment  at  the  earliest  practicable 
moment,  and  the  maintenance  of  all  laws  and  statutes  providing  for 
resumption. 

The  resolutions  were  adopted,  without  opposition. 

The  first  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  August  10th, 
and  nominated  Horace  Davis  for  congressman,  without  opposition. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  August 
10th,  and  nominated  H.  F.  Page  for  congressman,  without  opposi- 
tion. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  August 
9th,  and  nominated  Joseph  McKenna  for  congressman,  without 
opposition. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  August 
10th,  and  nominated  R.  Pacheco  for  congressman,  without  opposi- 
tion. 

The  election  was  held  on  Tuesday,  November  7th,  and  the  official 
canvass  developed  the  following  result : 

Democratic  Electors—  Shorb,  76,460;  Hager,  76,464;  Taylor, 
76,461 ;  Budd,  76,451 ;  Henley,  76,458 ;  Ganahl,  76,460. 

Republican  Electors— Miller,  79,258;  Estee,  79,259;  McKinley, 
79,254;  Felton,  78,264;  Jewett,  79,260;  Ostrander,  79,255. 

Greenback  Electors — B.  K.  Lowe,  S.  H.  Herring,  J.  H.  Redstone, 
J.  Condia,  A.  Cridge,  and  0.  B.  Smith,  47  each. 

Congressmen  —  First  District  —  Piper,  19,363;  Davis,  22,134. 
Second  District— Carpenter,  15,916;  Page,  20,815.  Third  Dis- 
trict—Luttrell,  19,846;  McKenna,  18,990.  Fourth  District— Wig- 
ginton,  19,103;  Pacheco,  19,104. 

Controller— W.  B.  0.  Brown,  75,567;  Kenfield,  78,529. 

On  December  6th,  the  republican  electors  met  in  the  office  of  the 


THE    WORKWOMEN'S  MOVEMENT.  365 

secretary  of  state,  in  the  state  capitol,  and  cast  the  vote  of  California 
for  Hayes  and  Wheeler  for  president  and  vice-president.  John  F. 
Miller  was  selected  messenger  to  convey  the  returns  to  Washington. 

After  the  official  canvass,  Kenfield  filed  his  oath  of  office  and  bond 
as  controller,  but  Governor  Irwin  refused  to  deliver  to  him  a  com- 
mission for  the  office.  Kenfield  instituted  an  action  in  the  district 
court  for  a  writ  of  mandate,  to  be  directed  to  the  governor,  to  compel 
him  to  issue  the  commission.  The  district  court  sustained  a  de- 
murrer to  the  petition,  and  the  supreme  court,  at  its  April  term, 
1877,  affirmed  the  judgment  of  the  court  below.  Brown  therefore 
held  over  during  the  entire  term. 

The  secretary  of  state  refused  to  issue  a  certificate  of  election  to 
Pacheco  as  a  member  of  congress,  and  at  the  January  term,  1877, 
the  supreme  court  of  the  state  directed  that  a  peremptory  writ  of 
mandate  issue  to  the  secretary  of  state,  commanding  him  to  canvass 
the  vote  as  it  had  been  transmitted  to  him  by  the  county  clerks,  and 
to  issue  a  certificate  of  election  to  the  person  having  the  highest 
number  of  votes.  In  accordance  with  this  decision,  the  certificate  of 
election  was  issued  to  Pacheco,  and  he  proceeded  to  Washington, 
and  was  sworn  in  as  congressman  on  December  3d,  1877.  Wigginton 
instituted  a  contest  for  the  seat.  A  minority  of  the  committee  on 
elections  of  the  house  of  representatives  reported  in  favor  of  admit- 
ting Pacheco,  but  the  majority  sustained  Wigginton.  The  majority 
report  was  adopted  on  February  7th,  1878,  by  a  vote  of  126  to  137, 
and  Wigginton  took  the  oath  of  office  on  that  day  and  served  out 
the  remainder  of  the  term. 


CHAPTER   XXVII. 

1877.     Workingmen's  Movement  and  the  Kearney  Excitement. 

On  the  evening  of  September  21st,  a  meeting  of  unemployed 
workingmen  was  held  at  San  Francisco,  attended  by  about  2,000 
persons.  Philip  A.  Roach  was  the  first  speaker.  Dennis  Kearney 
addressed  the  meeting  afterward.  He  said  that  as  the  question  of 
labor  then  stood,  every  workingman  should  add  a  musket  to  his 
household  property.  He  predicted  that  within  one  year  there  would 
be  at  least  20,000  laborers  in  San  Francisco,  well  armed,  well  organ- 
ized, and  well  able  to  demand  and  take  what  they  will,  despite  the 


366       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

military,  the  police,  and  the  "safety  committee."  He  said  that  a 
little  judicious  hanging  about  that  time  would  be  the  best  course  to 
pursue  with  the  capitalists  and  stock  sharps  who  were  robbing  the 
people.  It  was  resolved  that  a  headquarters  be  established,  and  that 
the  unemployed  workingmen  should  sign  their  names  as  members  of 
a  self-protective  organization. 

On  the  afternoon  of  September  23d  (Sunday),  an  open-air  meeting 
of  unemployed  workingmen  was  held  on  the  vacant  lot  in  front  of 
the  new  city  hall  in  San  Francisco,  and  was  attended  by  about  seven 
hundred  persons.  This  was  the  first  of  a  series  of  meetings  that 
were  held  at  the  same  place,  the  design  of  which  was  to  secure  the 
co-operation  of  the  working  element.  On  account  of  the  place  where 
the  meetings  were  held,  they  were  called  "sand  lot  gatherings."  At 
this  meeting  J.  Gr.  Day  was  elected  president  of  the  organization, 
and  Kearney  treasurer.  One  week  later,  on  the  30th,  another  meet- 
ing was  held,  at  which  very  intemperate  language  was  indulged  in,, 
and  a  division  occurred  in  the  ranks  of  the  new  party.  One  branch 
adjourned  to  meet  on  the  following  Friday  evening,  and  the  other  on 
the  following  Sunday  afternoon.  On  October  5th  a  meeting  was 
held,  which  was  attended  by  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  persons. 
Kearney  was  elected  president  of  the  organization;  Day,  vice-presi- 
dent, and  H.  L.  Knight,  secretary.  A  committee  of  five  was  ap- 
pointed to  prepare  a  set  of  principles,  and  they  reported  as  follows  : 

/  The  object  of  this  association  is  to  unite  all  poor  and  working  men 
and  their  friends  into  one  political  party,  for  the  purpose  of  defend- 
ing themselves  against  the  dangerous  encroachments  of  capital  on 
the  happiness  of  our  people  and  the  liberties  of  our  country. 

We  propose  to  wrest  the  government  from  the  hands  of  the  rich 
and  place  it  in  those  of  the  people,  where  it  properly  belongs. 

I  We  propose  to  rid  the  country  of  cheap  Chinese  labor  as  soon  as 
possible,  and  by  all  the  means  in  .our  power,  because  it  tends  still  more 
to  degrade  labor  and  aggrandize  capital. 

We  propose  to  destroy  land  monopoly  in  our  state  by  such  laws 
as  will  make  it  impossible. 

We  propose  to  destroy  the  great  money  power  of  the  rich  by  a 
system  of  taxation  that  will  make  great  wealth  impossible  in  the- 
future. 

We  propose  to  provide  decently  for  the  poor  and  unfortunate,  the 
weak,  the  helpless,  and  especially  the  young,  because  the  country  i& 


THE    WORKINGMEN'S  MOVEMENT.  367 

rich  enough  to  do  so,  and  religion,  humanity  and  patriotism  demand 
that  we  should  do  so. 

We  propose  to  elect  none  but  competent  workingmen  and  their 
friends  to  any  office  whatever.  The  rich  have  ruled  us  until  they 
have  ruined  us.  We  will  now  take  our  own  affairs  into  our  own 
hands.  The  republic  must  and  shall  be  preserved,  and  only  work- 
ingmen will  do  it.  Our  shoddy  aristocrats  want  an  emperor  and  a 
standing  army  to  shoot  down  the  people. 

For  these  purposes  we  propose  to  organize  ourselves  into  the 
workingmen's  party  of  California,  and  to  pledge  and  enroll  therein 
all  who  are  willing  to  join  us  in  accomplishing  these  ends. 

When  we  have  10,000  members  we  shall  have  the  sympathy  and 
support  of  20,000  other  workingmen. 

The  party  will  then  wait  upon  all  who  employ  Chinese  and  ask 
for  their  discharge,  and  it  will  mark  as  public  enemies,  those  who 
refuse  to  comply  with  their  request. 

This  party  will  exhaust  all  peaceable  means  of  attaining  its  ends; 
but  it  will  not  be  denied  justice,  when  it  has  the  power  to  enforce 
it.  It  will  encourage  no  riot  or  outrage,  but  it  will  not  volunteer  to 
repress,  or  put  down,  or  arrest,  or  prosecute  the  hungry,  and  im- 
patient, who  manifest  their  hatred  of  the  Chinamen  by  a  crusade 
against  "John,"  or  those  who  employ  him.  Let  those  who  raise  the 
storm  by  their  selfishness,  suppress  it  themselves.  If  they  dare 
raise  the  devil,  let  them  meet  him  face  to  face.  We  will  not  help 
them. 

The  other  faction  of  the  party  was  headed  by  a  man  named 
Bates.  On  October  7th  the  two  factions  met  at  the  sand  lots,  and 
in  the  course  of  his  remarks,  Kearney  referred  to  the  rival  faction 
in  this  language:  "You  will  have  to  mob  these  white  Sioux  and  white 
pigtail  men  first.  You  will  have  to  shoot  them  down  on  the  streets, 
before  you  begin  on  the  Chinese."  At  this  point,  the  crowd  began 
to  follow  out  the  instructions  of  the  speaker  by  overturning  the 
stand  from  which  one  of  the  rival  orators  was  addressing  the  people. 
The  stand  was  righted,  and  again  overturned,  and  the  speaker  was 
chased  back  to  his  own  crowd,  who  occupied  a  different  portion  of 
the  lot.  On  October  8th,  notwithstanding  the  inclemency  of  the 
weather,  about  twelve  hundred  workingmen  of  the  Kearney  faction 
held  a  meeting  on  the  steps  of  the  United  States  mint,  and  a  club 
was  organized  in  the  tenth  ward.  On  that  day  the  board  of  super- 
visors of  San  Francisco  considered  the  subject  of  providing  for  the- 


368       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

unemployed,  and  the  finance  committee  reported  that  the  board  had 
no  power  to  appropriate  money  from  the  public  treasury  to  meet  the 
emergency.  Mr.  Wise  offered  the  following  resolution,  which  was 
laid  over: 

That  the  finance  committee  be  and  are  hereby  authorized  to  con- 
fer with  such  of  the  influential  citizens  of  this  city  and  county  as 
in  their  judgment  they  may  think  proper,  to  the  end  that  they  may, 
together  with  his  honor,  the  mayor,  devise  such  ways  and  means  as 
they  may  think  most  expedient  to  provide  employment,  and  relieve 
the  distress  at  present  existing  among  a  large  class  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  this  city. 

?  After  that,  meetings  were  held  nightly  at  different  points  in  San 
Francisco  to  organize  ward  clubs.  On  October  llth,  about  eight 
hundred  persons  met  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  and  Folsom  streets,  and 
after  the  adjournment,  an  attack  was  made  on  a  Chinese  washhouse, 
the  windows  of  which  were  broken.  On  the  following  Sunday,  at 
the  sand-lot  meeting,  Kearney  stated  that  the  attack  on  the  wash- 
house  had  been  made  by  a  vicious  boy,  and  that  the  object  of  the 
organization  was  not  to  sack  individual  washhouses,  but  to  strike  a 
blow  that  would  break  up  the  entire  Chinese  institution.  On  Oc- 
tober 16th,  a  manifesto,  signed  by  Kearney,  as  president  of  the 
workingmen's  party  of  California,  and  Knight,  as  secretary,  appeared 
in  the  San  Francisco  Chronicle,  to  the  editor  of  which  paper  it  was 
addressed.  The  document  recited : 

-^  We  have  made  no  secret  of  our  intentions.  We  make  none.  Be- 
/  fore  you  and  before  the  world  we  declare  that  the  Chinaman  must 
leave  our  shores.  We  declare  that  white  men,  and  women,  and  boys, 
and  girls,  cannot  live  as  the  people  of  the  great  republic  should  and 
compete  with  the  single  Chinese  coolie  in  the  labor  market.  We 
declare  that  we  cannot  hope  to  drive  the  Chinaman  away  by  work- 
ing cheaper  than  he  does.  None  but  an  enemy  would  expect  it  of 
us;  none  but  an  idiot  could  hope  for  success;  none  but  a  degraded 
coward  and  slave  would  make  the  effort.  To  an  American,  death  is 
preferable  to  life  on  a  par  with  the  Chinaman.  .  What  then  is  left 
to  us?  Our  votes!  We  can  organize.  We  can  vote  our  friends 
into  all  the  offices  of  the  state.  We  can  send  our  representatives  to 
Washington.  We  can  use  all  legitimate  means  to  convince  our 
countrymen  of  our  misfortunes  and  ask  them  to  vote  the  moon-eyed 
nuisance  out  of  the  country.  But  this  may  fail.  Congress,  as  you 
have  seen,  has  often  been  manipulated  by  thieves,  peculator?),  land 


THE    WORKINGMEWS  MOVEMENT.  369 

grabbers,  bloated  bondholders,  railroad  magnates,  and  shoddy  aristo- 
crats— a  golden  lobby  dictating  its  proceedings.  Our  own  legisla- 
ture is  little  better.  The  rich  rule  them  by  bribes.  The  rich  rule 
the  country  by  fraud  and  cunning;  and  we  say  that  fraud  and  cun- 
ning shall  not  rule  us.  We  call  upon  our  fellow  workingmen  to 
show  their  hands,  to  cast  their  ballots  aright  and  to  elect  the  men  of 
their  choice.  We  declare  to  them  that  when  they  have  shown  their 
will  that  "John"  should  leave  our  shores,  and  that  will  shall  be 
thwarted  by  fraud  or  cash,  by  bribery  and  corruption,  it  will  be 
right  for  them  to  take  their  own  affairs  into  their  own  hands  and 
meet  fraud  with  force.  Is  this  treason1?  Then  make  the  most  of  it. 
Treason  is  better  than  to  labor  beside  a  Chinese  slave.  Your  cor- 
respondent "  Citizen"  thinks  these  expressions  dangerous  to  the  pub- 
lic peace,  and  calls  upon  the  officers  of  the  law  to  prosecute  us.  He 
makes  the  old  plea  of  oppressors  everywhere,  that  such  teachings 
tend  to  disturb  the  public  tranquillity.  MacMahon  says  this  of  the 
speeches  of  Gambetta.  Every  tyrant  has  said  the  same.  King 
George  spoke  thus  of  the  utterances  of  Patrick  Henry.  Who  is 
this  "Citizen"  who  dares  not  write  his  name1?  this  coward,  who 
would  have  somebody  else  shoot  down  his  own  race  to  make  room 
for  the  moon-eyed  Mongolian  1  Let  him  know  that  the  workingmen 
know  their  rights,  and  know,  also,  how  to  maintain  them,  and  mean 
to  do  it.  The  reign  of  bloated  knaves  is  over.  The  people  are 
about  to  take  their  own  affairs  into  their  own  hands,  and  they  will 
not  be  stayed  either  by  "  Citizen,"  vigilantes,  state  militia,  npr 
United  States  troops.  The  people  make  these  things,  and  can  set 
them  aside.  The  American  citizen  has  a  right  to  express  himself  as 
he  pleases,  as  he  thinks,  and  to  arm  himself  as  he  will,  and  when 
organized  and  strong  enough,  who  shall  make  him  afraid  1  There  is 
none. 

On  October  29th,  about  three  thousand  persons  held  a  meeting  on 
the  summit  of  "  Nob  Hill,"  in  San  Francisco,  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
residences  of  the  directors  of  the  Central  Pacific  railroad  company, 
and  speeches  of  a  very  inflammatory  nature  were  made.  The  public 
excitement  which  was  engendered  by  these  frequent  meetings  be- 
came great,  and  on  November  1st  the  city  authorities  of  San  Fran- 
cisco held  a  consultation  with  Kearney  and  the  other  leading  agita- 
tors, but  no  understanding  was  arrived  at. 

On  November  3d,  a  meeting  was  held  at  the  corner  of  Washing- 
ton and  Kearny  streets,  and  while  Kearney  was  addressing  the 

24 


370       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

crowd,  a  number  of  policemen  ran  up  stairs  into  a  room  which 
opened  on  the  balcony  where  the  speaker  was,  and  arrested  him. 
This  created  an  intense  excitement  in  the  audience,  but  Kearney 
motioned  the  crowd  back  and  was  taken  to  the  city  prison.  The 
following  resolutions  were  then  adopted  by  the  meeting : 

That  as  workingmen  of  this  city  and  representatives  of  the  indus- 
trial interests  of  California,  we  hold  that  the  system  of  strict  party 
caucusing  for  the  nomination  of  candidates  by  the  legislature  does 
not  best  tend  to  secure  the  rights  and  interests  of  all  classes  alike. 

That  we  earnestly  request  our  legislature  either  to  dispense  with 
the  usual  party  caucusing  in  the  nomination  of  United  States  sen- 
ator, or  that,  if  strict  party  caucuses  are  held,  a  conservative  caucus 
also  be  held  to  nominate  such  a  man  for  the  position  as  will  be  the 
true  friend  of  the  industrial  classes  and  not  the  mere  slave  of  cap- 
ital or  party. 

Two  complaints  were  lodged  against  Kearney  for  misdemeanor. 
One  charged  him  with  having  uttered  language  tending  to  incite  the 
assemblage  of  persons  on  "  Nob  Hill,"  whom  he  addressed,  to  deeds  of 
violence,  and  the  following  is  the  language  credited  to  him : 

The  Central  Pacific  men  are  thieves,  and  will  soon  feel  the  power 
of  the  workingmen.  When  I  have  thoroughly  organized  my  party 
we  will  march  through  the  city  and  compel  the  thieves  to  give  up 
their  plunder.  I  will  lead  you  to  the  city  hall,  clear  out  the  police 
force,  hang  the  prosecuting  attorney,  burn  every  book  that  has  a 
particle  of  law  in  it,  and  then  enact  new  laws  for  the  workingmen. 
I  will  give  the  Central  Pacific  just  three  months  to  discharge  fheir 
Chinamen,  and  if  that  is  not  done  Stanford  and  his  crowd  will  have 
to  take  the  consequences.  I  will  give  Crocker  until  November  29th 
to  take  down  the  fence  around  Yung's  house,  and  if  he  does  not  do 
it,  I  will  lead  the  workingmen  up  there  and  tear  it  down,  and  give 
Crocker  the  worst  beating  with  the  sticks  that  'a  man  ever  got. 

The  other  charge  was  for  the  following  language,  which  was 
alleged  to  have  been  used  in  a  speech  delivered  at  the  Irish- Ameri- 
can hall : 

I  want  to  make  a  motion.  The  man  who  claims  to  be  a  leader — 
the  first  man  who  flags  interest  in  this  movement — I  want  to  make 
a  motion  that  he  be  hung  up  to  a  lamp  post.  By  the  eternal,  we 
will  take  them  by  the  throat  and  choke  them  until  their  life's  blood 
ceases  to  beat  and  then  run  them  into  the  sea.  A  fine  young  man 


THE    WORKINGMEWS  MOVEMENT.  371 

asked  me  :  "What  position  are  you  going  to  give  me  T  His  name 
is  Lynch.  I  said:  "I  will  make  you  chief  judge."  His  name  is 
Lynch,  recollect — Judge  Lynch — and  that  is  the  judge  that  the 
workingmen  will  want  in  Calif ornia  if  the  condition  of  things  is  not 
ameliorated.  I  advise  everyone  within  the  sound  of  my  voice,  if  he  is 
able,  to  own  a  musket  and  a  hundred  rounds  of  ammunition. 

On  the  night  of  Kearney's  arrest,  it  was  apprehended  that  an 
attempt  would  be  made  to  rescue  him  by  force,  and  the  military  of 
San  Francisco  were  called  out  and  Yemained  in  their  armories  in 
anticipation  of  trouble.  The  Chinese  became  fearful  that  an  attack 
would  be  made  on  their  quarters,  and  on  November  3d,  the  following 
appeal,  signed  by  the  presidents  of  the  Chinese  six  companies,  was 
received  by  the  mayor  of  San  Francisco  : 

We,  the  undersigned,  presidents  of  the  Chinese  six  companies  of 
this  city  and  state,  desire  to  call  your  immediate  attention  to  a  state 
of  things  which  seems  to  us  to  threaten  the  lives  and  property  of  the 
Chinese  residents,  as  well  as  the  peace  and  good  name  of  this  muni- 
cipality. 

In  the  multitude  of  responsibilities  which  tax  your  time  and 
strength,  it  may  possibly  have  escaped  your  notice  that  large 
gatherings  of  the  idle  and  irresponsible  element  of  the  population  of 
this  city  are  nightly  addressed  in  the  open  streets  by  speakers  who 
use  the  most  violent,  inflammatory,  and  incendiary  language,  threaten- 
ing in  plainest  terms  to  burn  and  pillage  the  Chinese  quarter  and 
kill  our  people  unless,  at  their  bidding,  we  leave  this  "free  republic." 
The  continuance  of  these  things  for  many  days  with  increasing  fury, 
without  any  check  or  hinderance  by  the  authorities,  is  causing  the 
Chinese  people  great  anxiety,  and  in  the  immediate  danger  which 
seems  again  to  threaten  us  as  well  as  to  threaten  the  peace  and 
good  name  of  the  city,  we  (as  on  a  former  occasion)  appeal  to  you, 
the  mayor  and  chief  magistrate  of  this  municipality,  to  protect  us  to 
the  full  extent  of  your  power  in  all  our  peaceful,  constitutional  and 
treaty  rights  against  all  unlawful  violence  and  all  riotous  proceed- 
ings now  threatening  us.  We  would  deprecate  the  results  of  mob 
violence}  for  we  not  only  value  our  property  and  cherish  our  lives, 
which  now  seem  in  jeopardy,  but  we  should  also  regret  to  have  the 
good  name  of  this  Christian  civilization  tarnished  by  the  riotous  pro- 
ceedings of  its  own  citizens  against  the  "Chinese  heathen."  As  a 
rule,  our  countrymen  are  better  acquainted  with  peaceful  voca- 
tions than  with  scenes  of  strife,  yet  we  are  not  ignorant  that  self- 


372      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

defense  is  the  common  right  of  all  men ;  and  should  a  riotous  attack 
be  made  upon  the  Chinese  quarter,  we  should  have  neither  the  power 
nor  disposition  to  restrain  our  countrymen  from  defending  them- 
selves to  the  last  extremity  and  selling  their  lives  as  dearly  as 
possible. 

But  we  trust  and  believe  that  it  is  entirely  within  the  scope  of 
your  honor's  power  and  in  accordance  with  your  high  sense  of  jus- 
tice, to  prevent  these  threatened  evils.  That  we  may  do  all  in  our 
power  as  good  citizens  to  preserve  the  peace  and  avert  a  riot,  we 
most  respectfully  submit  these  statements  and  make  this  earnest 
appeal  to  your  honor. 

/On  the  4th,  a  large  meeting  of  the  workingmen  was  held  and 
intense  excitement  pervaded  the  entire  city  of  San  Francisco.  J.  G. 
Day,  Wm.  Kennedy,  H.  L.  Knight,  James  Willey,  0.  0.  O'Donnell, 
and  Charles  E.  Piekett,  who  had  been  prominent  as  speakers  at  the 
meetings,  were  placed  under  arrest.  On  the  7th,  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  workingmen's  party  issued  an  address  to  the  members 
of  the  party,  which  was  signed  by  A.  A.  Stout  and  Wm.  Wellock. 

The  address  was  as  follows  : 

Our  leaders  having  been  arrested  and  incarcerated  in  the  city 
prison  for  having  dared  to  exercise  the  right  of  free  speech — a  right 
guaranteed  by  the  constitution  of  our  government,  the  first  impulse^ 
no  doubt,  that  filled  your  breasts,  was  to  liberate  them  by  force — 
the  expression  of  which  you  gave  utterance  to  when  the  arrests 
were  made  — but  better  counsels  prevailed,  and  the  officers  were 
allowed  to  carry  them  off,  contrary  to  what  we  consider  to  be  lawful. 
Very  well.  Now  we,  as  the  only  remaining  officers  of  the  working- 
men's  party  of  California,  out  of  jail,  wish  to  give  you  sound  words 
of  advice.  Do  not  commit  any  deeds  of  violence;  do  not  in  any 
way  harass  the  officers  of  the  law.  Await  a  full  and  impartial 
expression  of  the  law.  It  is  the  wish  of  the  imprisoned;  it  is 
the  programme  of  the  workingmen's  party  of  California  that  they 
be  arrested,  tried,  and  if  not  convicted,  then  you  will  know  that 
it  is  lawful  for  a  speaker  to  express  his  opinion  in  this  boasted 
free  country.  If  the  law  says  they  are  not  guilty,  then,  having 
committed  no  offense  against  the  law,  they  are  entitled  to  speak  and 
be  protected,  forcibly  if  necessary,  in  that  right.  But  until  the  law 
passes  on  that  right,  you  have  no  right  to  object,  in  any  way,  to  the 
arrest  of  any  of  us. 


THE    WORKINGMEWS   MOVEMENT.  373 

Have  patience  in  this  hour  of  trouble,  and  you  will  all  see  that 
this  martyrdom  of  our  leaders  *will  in  the  end  redound  to  their  glory,  / 
and  the  liberation  of  the  workingmen  of  California  from  the  thrall- 
dom  of  capital  and  the  incubus  of  the  Chinese. 

In  the  meantime,  organize.  Join  the  roll  in  your  respective 
wards.  "  Truth  crushed  to  earth  will  rise  again."  If  our  cause  is 
just,  we  can  stand  temporary  delay;  if  not,  it  deserves  to  fall. 

Our  lawyers  assure  us  that  the  complaint  will  "not  stick."  .Have 
patience  and  all  will  be  well. 

On  the  15th,  Kearney  and  Knight  were  released  on  bail,  and  on 
the  21st  the  cases  were  tried  in  the  city  criminal  court  and  dismissed 
by  the  judge.  On  the  29th — Thanksgiving  day — the  workingmen 
held  a  grand  demonstration  in  San  Francisco.  About  ten  thousand 
men  were  in  line,  and  addresses  were  delivered  by  Kearney,  Wei- 
lock,  and  O'Donnell.  At  the  meeting  the  following  resolutions 
were  adopted  : 

We,  the  workingmen  of  California,  in  mass  meeting  assembled  in 
San  Francisco,  November  29,  1877,  do  hereby  resolve  that  I  we  are 
opposed  to  any  further  grant  by  congress  of  lands,  money,  or  bonds 
in  aid  of  any  corporation  or  railroad  monopoly]  of  whatever  preten- 
sion, whereby  the  people  are  impoverished  and  robbed  of  their  her- 
itage. Therefore  we  are  opposed  to  the  passage  of  the  Texas  Pacific 
railroad  bill.  And  whereas,  the  Union  and  Central  Pacific  railroad 
companies  have  defrauded  the  people  of  millions  of  dollars'  worth  of 
property  and  bonds,  therefore  we  favor  the  passage  of  the  Chaffee  bill, 
now  pending  in  congress,  for  the  government  to  declare  the  charter 
of  the  Union  Pacific  railroad  forfeited  for  willful  violation  of  the  law, 
and  to  take  possession  of  the  road,  unless  legal  impediment  exists 
to  prevent  immediate  action ;  and,  whereas,  the  national  currency 
banking  system  of  the  United  States  gives  double  interest  to  the 
capitalist,  fosters  monopoly,  and  centralizes  the  money  of  the  repub- 
lic into  the  hands  of  the  few;  therefore  we  further  resolve  that  we 
favor  the  passage  of  the  resolution  of  Townsend,  of  Illinois,  in  con- 
gress, authorizing  the  winding  up  of  the  national  banks,  withdraw- 
ing their  circulation,  and  substituting  greenbacks  or  other  similar 
currency  in  its  stead. 


374       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 
CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

1878.  The  Workingmen's  Excitement  Growing  in  Intensity — Suc- 
cess of  the  Movement  at  the  Polls — Workingmen's  State  Con- 
vention— A  Joint  Meeting  of  the  Republican  and  Democratic 
State  Central  Committees — Delegates  to  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion— Division  of  Workingmen's  Party — The  Greenback  Party. 

On  January  3d,  about  four  hundred  unemployed  workingmen  met 
on  O'Farrell  street  and  resolved  to  fall  into  line  and  march  to  the  city 
hall,  where  a  committee,  headed  by  Kearney,  was  selected  to  inter- 
view the  mayor.  The  crowd  increased  to  about  fifteen  hundred 
when  the  city  hall  was  reached.  The  committee  demanded  of  the 
mayor  that  the  workingmen  be  provided  with  work,  bread,  or  a 
place  in  the  county  jail.  Kearney  stated  that  he  could  not  keep 
them  in  check  any  longer  if  one  of  three  things  was  not  provided, 
and  he  did  not  want  to  be  responsible  for  what  might  happen  if 
they  were  not  provided  for.  The  mayor  then  addressed  the  meeting 
and  stated  that  the  city  authorities  had  no  power  to  provide  them 
with  work,  and  if  they  were  set  to  work  for  the  city,  there  was  not 
money  enough  in  the  treasury  to  pay  them.  The  crowd  then  met 
at  the  sand  lot  and  speeches  were  delivered.  So  demonstrative  was 
the  meeting  that  several  of  the  city  officers,  becoming  apprehensive 
that  a  raid  would  be  made  on  the  city  hall,  put  the  moneys  of  their 
departments  in  their  safes  and  vacated  their  offices. 

Early  in  January,  a  committee  of  safety  was  organized  by  the 
leading  citizens  of  San  Francisco,  to  take  action  on  what  they  con- 
sidered was  an  alarming  state  of  public  excitement.  Secret  meet- 
ings were  held,  and  it  was  understood  they  had  provided  themselves 
with  arms,  and  that  a  perfect  system  had  been  adopted  so  that  at  a 
given  signal  they  could  meet  for  defence,  if  necessary.  '  On  January 
5th,  the  grand  jury  of  San  Francisco  found  several  indictments 
against  Kearney,  Wellock,  O'Donnell,  Knight,  Helm,  and  Pickett, 
and  they  were  arrested,  but  released  on  bail.  The  indictments 
charged  them  with  conspiracy  and  riot,  in  endeavoring  to  drive  the 
Chinese  and  the  railroad  managers  from  the  state.  Within  the  next 
ten  days  Kearney  was  arrested  several  times  for  the  utterance  of 
incendiary  language.  One  of  the  complaints  charged  him  with  the 
utterance  of  the  following : 

We  are  not  to  be  intimidated  by  anybody.  It  would  take  50,000 
men  in  California  to  intimidate  the  workingmen  that  are  now  ready, 
and  if  we  can  get  through  this  without  the  shedding  of  blood,  so 


THE    WORKWOMEN'S  MOVEMENT.  375 

much  the  better  for  ourselves.  I  do  not  care  about  dying  just  now, 
but  if  it  comes  to  that,  I  am  ready.  To  carry  my  point  I  do  not 
care  who  suffers,  or  who  sacrifices  his  life  in  the  attempt.  We  are 
going  to  carry  this  thing  to  either  death  or  victory,  recollect. 

/One  of  the  indictments  was  tried  in  the  criminal  court,  and  on 
the  22d,  Kearney  and  Wellock  were  acquitted  by  the  jury.  The 
remaining  charges  were  not  pressed.. 

1  On  January  6th,  Nathan  Porter,  state  senator  from  Alameda 
county,  died,  and  a  special  election  was  called  for  the  22d,  to  elect 
a  person  to  fill  the  vacancy.  J.  W.  Bones  was  nominated  by  the 
workingmen,  and  elected  by  a  large  majority,  over  W.  W.  Crane 
jr.,  republican,  and  J.  B.  Lamar,  democrat^  /On  February  19th,  a 
special  election  was  held  in  Santa  Clara  county  for  a  senator  and 
assemblyman,  to  fill  vacancies  caused  by  deaths,  and  S.  W.  Boring, 
the  people's  candidate,  was  elected  senator,  and  J.  E.  Clark,  the 
nominee  of  the  workingmen,  was  elected  assemblyman^ 

In  March,  at  the  city  elections  in  Sacramento  and  Oakland,  the 
workingmen  elected  their  candidates  for  mayor,  and  several  other 
offices.  These  successes  had  the  effect  of  giving  considerable 
political  importance  to  the  movement,  and  steps  were  actively 
taken  to  perfect  the  organization,  and  make  it  a  factor  in  state 
politics^  /In  January,  military  companies  were  organized  in  San 
Francisco  by  the  workingmen,  to  offset  the  organization  of  the  com- 
mittee of  safety.  At  a  meeting  held  on  January  15th,  in  San 
Francisco,  the  workingmen  speakers  defied  the  authorities,  and  / 
boldly  announced  that  they  were  purchasing  rifles,  forming  military 
companies,  and  maturing  plans  for  blowing  up  Chinatown.  They 
also  intimated  that  they  intended  to  blow  the  steamships  of  the 
Pacific  Mail  company  out  of  the  water.  A  rope  with  a  hangman's 
noose  tied  in  it  was  suspended  from  a  gas  jet  on  the  stand.  The 
next  day,  the  press  of  the  city  admonished  the  workingmen  that 
they  were  going  too  far,  and  expressed  grave  apprehension  of 
violence. 

The  legislature  passed  an  act  in  January  authorizing  the  board  of 
supervisors  of  San  Francisco  to  employ  a  number  of  men  to  work 
on  the  streets,  with  the  hope  of  affording  some  relief.  Another  act 
was  passed  authorizing  the  supervisors  to  increase  the  police  force 
of  that  city  to  four  hundred.  At  a  special  meeting  of  the  board  of 
supervisors  of  San  Francisco,  held  on  January  16th,  the  district  V 
attorney  submitted  an  amendment  to  the  penal  code,  in  relation  to 


376      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

riots,  and  a  committee  of  seven  was  appointed  to  proceed  to  Sacra- 
mento and  urge  its  passage  by  the  legislature.  After  lengthy  debates, 
the  bill  was  passed  and  approved.  It  provided  that  any  person,  who 
in  the  presence  or  hearing  of  twenty-five  or  more  persons,  should 
utter  any  language,  with  intent  either  to  incite  a  riot  at  the  present 
or  in  the  future,  or  any  act  or  acts  of  criminal  violence  against 
person  or  property;  or  who  should  suggest,  advise,  or  encourage  any 
acts  of  criminal  violence  against  person  or  property;  or  should  ad- 
vise or  encourage  forcible  resistance  to  any  state  law,  should  be 
deemed  guilty  of  felony,  and  on  conviction,  imprisoned  not  exceed- 
ing two  years,  or  fined  not  exceeding  five  thousand  dollars,  or  by 
both.  On  January  17th,  Mayor  Bryant,  of  San  Francisco,  issued 
the  following  proclamation. 

Whereas,  Persons  assemble  in  this  city  and  county,  and  threaten 
to  commit  offenses  against  the  property  and  lives  of  the  inhabitants, 
and  such  assemblies  are  not  held  for  any  lawful  purpose,  but  to 
create  disturbances,  in  which  public  offenses  may  be  committed; 
now,  therefore,  by  virtue  of  the  authority  vested  in  me  by  law,  as 
mayor  of  this  city  and  county,  I  do  hereby  declare  that  such  assem- 
blies are  unlawful,  and  will  not  be  permitted,  but  will  be  dispersed, 
and  all  persons  composing  them  and  taking  part  in  their  proceed- 
ings will  be  arrested.  And  I  advise  all  persons  to  stay  away  from 
such  meetings,  and  not  be  present  as  spectators,  from  curiosity  or 
any  other  idle  motive,  for  such  attendance  encourages  those  en- 
gaged in  promoting  disturbances,  interferes  with  the  operations  of 
those  who  seek  to  keep  the  peace,  and  may  result  in  harm  to  the 
innocent  as  well  as  the  guilty.  I  trust  that  the  men  who  guide 
these  assemblies  will  not  compel  the  use  of  force  in  securing  obedi- 
ence to  law.  But  I  shall  not  shirk  from  using  all  the  power  at  my 
command  to  preserve  the  peace  of  the  city  and  county.  Such 
assemblies,  wherever  held,  in  halls,  upon  the  streets,  or  on  sand  lots, 
will  be  suppressed,  and  the  supremacy  of  law  and  order  resolutely 
maintained. 

On  the  17th,  Kearney  and  Wellock,  who  were  in  the  city  prison, 
issued  the  following  address  : 

Workingmen,  be  calm  !  be  peaceful !  Show  your  discipline  !  Do 
not  distrust  the  law.  We  will  come  out  all  right.  If  you  come  to 
the  courts,  when  we  come  on  the  streets,  do  not  crowd  the  officers. 
Do  not  run  after  us.  Our  cause  shall  yet  be  won.  You  show  your 
power  best  when  you  show  your  prudence.  We  are  confident  and 


THE    WORKWOMEN'S  MOVEMENT.  377 

happy.  There  is  no  misery  where  there  is  a  good  conscience.  We 
must  bide  our  time.  We  never  can  be  defeated. 

On  the  evening  of  the  17th,  the  workingmen  attempted  several' 
times  to  hold  meetings  in  San  Francisco,  but  they  were  dispersed  by 
the  police.  On  the  18th,  Charles  Crocker  offered  to  give  employment 
to  one  thousand  men  at  $1  a  day,  to  fill  in  certain  portions  of  Mis- 
sion creek,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  21st,  two  hundred  and  fifty 
men  went  to  work,  and  the  force  was  increased  daily, 

[  The  first  state  convention  of  the  workingmen's  party  was  held  at 
San  Francisco  on  the  evening  of  January  21st.  Advertisements 
appeared  in  the  papers  announcing  that  the  convention  would  be 
held  at  several  different  places,  and  these  conflicting  announcements 
were  intended  to  throw  the  police  off  the  scent,  as  it  was  expected 
that  they  would, 'by  the  instruction  of  the  mayor,  disperse  the  meet- 
ing. The  delegates  had  been  informed  of  the  place  of  the  meeting, 
and  they  entered  the  hall  in  small  groups,  through  an  adjoining 
saloon.  The  main  entrance  to  the  hall  was  closed,  and  from  the  out- 
side everything  looked  dark.  The  police  did  not  discover  the  place 
of  meeting  until  about  midnight,  and  when  they  entered  they  found 
that  the  proceedings  were' conducted  in  an  orderly  manner,  j  The 
convention  was  called  to  order  by  President  Rooney,  of  the  eighth 
ward  club,  who  was  chosen  temporary  chairman.  About  one  hun- 
dred and  forty  delegates  were  present.  A  motion  was  carried  to 
employ  counsel  to  have  the  mayor  brought  into  court  on  a  writ  of 
mandate,  to  show  cause  why  he  broke  up  the  workingmen's  meeting. 
An  adjournment  was  then  had  until  the  following  evening.  The 
next  day  the  mayor  announced  that  he  would  not  interfere  with  the 
convention  so  long  as  they  did  not  violate  the  law.  At  the  meeting 
on  the  22d,  no  particular  business  was  transacted.  On  the  23d,  J.  P. 
Dunn  was  chosen  secretary,  and  a  committee  on  platform  was 
chosen,  consisting  of  Kearney,  Rooney,  Knight,  Wellock,  and  others. 
On  permanent-  organization,  Kearney  was  elected  president ;  D.  F. 
Manning,  of  Mono,  and  Wellock,  vice-presidents,  and  Knight  and 
Dunn,  secretaries.  On  the  24th,  the  committee  on  platform  reported 
the  following,  which  was  adopted  : 

That  the  time  has  come  for  the  formation  of  a  party  of  labor,  to 
embrace  within  its  ranks  all  those  engaged  in  productive  industry 
and  its  distribution.  Upon  signing  the  roll  of  membership,  each  per- 
son will  publicly  and  solemnly  pledge  himself  henceforth  to  sever  all 


378       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

connection  with  the  republican  and  democratic  parties,  and  shall 
abide  by  the  result  of  the  majority  in  all  cases  duly  expressed;  and, 
furthermore,  shall  at  all  times  aid  in  the  selection  of ,  the  most  com- 
'  petent  person  from  our  ranks  to  serve  us  in  an  official  capacity. 

A  vote  of  thanks  to  the  fifteen  members  of  the  legislature  who 
opposed  the  passage  of  the  incendiary  bill  was  passed.  The  follow- 
ing resolutions  were  also  adopted  : 

Whereas,  In  the  state  there  is  almost  a  total  disregard  by  em- 
ployers of  labor  of  adequate  protection  of  the  life  and  limb  of  the 
employes ;  therefore,  resolved,  that  we  request  of  the  present  legis- 
lature, suitable  laws  for  the  protection  of  life  and  limb  of  employes 
in  factories,  the  erection  of  buildings,  and  all  other  occupations 
involving  risk  of  life  and  limb.  That  a  committee  of  three  be  ap- 
pointed to  draft  a  bill  for  presentation  to  the  legislature,  affording 
the  desired  protection. 

Whereas,  The  workingmen's  party  of  San  Francisco  recognize 
in  Dennis  Kearney  their  president,  and  view  with  abhorrence  his 
persecution  and  imprisonment  by  the  city  authorities;  therefore, 
resolved,  that  we  extend  to  President  Kearney  and  his  coadjutors, 
Wellock,  Knight,  and  others,  our  sympathy  and  support  in  their 
laudable  efforts  to  wrest  this  city  and  the  great  state  of  California 
from  control  of  professed  politicians,  whose  only  desire  is  to  plunder 
our  people  and  thereby  enrich  themselves. 

That  we  behold  in  the  infamous  gag  laws  recently  enacted  by  our 
board  of  supervisors  and  our  state  legislature,  an  abrogation  of  the 
fundamental  principles  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  and 
the  inauguration  of  anarchy. 

That  we  hold  Mayor  Bryant  strictly  accountable  for  his  heartless 
betrayal  of  the  men  who  elected  him  to  office,  and  believe  that  his 
unwarrantable  attack  upon  our  president  and  officers  was  to  divert 
public  attention  from  his  alleged  complicity  in  the  escape  of  Duncan^ 
the  villain  and  forger. 

That  we  will  use  all  legal  measures  to  bring  to  justice  official  dis- 
turbers of  the  peace,  and  venal  officers  of  every  grade. 

Resolutions  were  adopted  prescribing  an  oath  for  the  members  of 
the  party,  by  which  they  should  bind  themselves  to  oppose,  by  all 
lawful  measures,  the  introduction  and  maintenance  of  coolie  laborers 
in  the  United  States,  and  that  they  should  not  employ  or  sell  to  or 
buy  from  them;  and  urging  that  a  reasonable  compensation  be  paid 


WORKINGMEWS  RESOLUTIONS.  379 

to  the  delegates  of  the  proposed  constitutional  convention,  so  that 
poor  men  could  afford  to  attend  it. 

The  committee  on  platform  made  the  following  report^ 

Whereas,  The  government  of  the  United  States  has  fallen  into- 
the  hands  of  capitalists  and  their  willing  instruments;  the  rights  of 
the  people,  their  comfort  and  happiness  are  wholly  ignored,  and  the 
vested  rights  of  capital  are  alone  considered  and  regarded,  both  in 
the  states  and  the  nation  ;  the  land  is  fast  passing  into  the  hands 
of  the  rich  few;  great  money  monopolies  control  congress,  pur- 
chase the  state  legislatures,  rule  the  courts,  influence  all  public  offi- 
cers, and  have  perverted  the  great  republic  of  our  fathers  into  a  den 
of  dishonest  manipulators.  This  concentration  and  control  of 
wealth  has  impoverished  the  people,  producing  crime  and  discontent, 
and  retarded  the  settlement  and  civilization  of  the  country.  In  , 
California,  a  slave  labor  has  been  introduced,  to  still  further  aggran-  v/ 
dize  the  rich  and  degrade  the  poor,  and  the  whole  tendency  of  this 
class  of  legislation  is  to  undermine  the  foundation  of  the  republic 
and  pave  the  way  to  anarchy  and  misrule;  and  this  convention 
therefore  declares,  as  follows  : 

I  Section  1.  The  workingmen  of  California  desire  to  unite  with 
those  of  other  states  in  effecting  such  reforms  in  our  general  govern- 
ment as  may  be  necessary  to  secure  the  rights  of  the  people  as 
against  those  of  capital,  to  maintain  life,  liberty,  and  happiness 
against  land  and  money  monopoly..  Only  in  the  people,  the  honest 
workingman  can  hope  to  find  a  remedy. 

!  Sec.  2.  Chinese  cheap  labor  is  a  curse  to  our  land,  a  menace  to 
our  liberties  and  the  institutions  of  our  country,  and  should,  there- 
fore, be  restricted  and  forever  abolished.- 

Sec.  3.  The  land  is  the  heritage  of  the  people,  and  its  appropria- 
tion by  the  government  for  the  furtherance  of  the  schemes  of  indi- 
viduals and  corporations  is  a  robbery;  and  all  land  so  held  should 
revert  to  its  lawful  possession,  to  be  held  for  actual  settlement  and 
cultivation,  and  individuals  holding  by  purchase  or  imperfect  title 
land  in  excess  of  one  square  mile  shall  be  restricted  to  the  use  of 
that  amount  only  for  cultivation  and  pasturage ;  and  all  lands  of 
equal  and  productive  nature  shall  be  subject  to  equal  taxation.  Our 
previous  legislatures  have  abused  the  trust  confidingly  reposed  in 
them  by  a  misguided  people,  by  allowing  a  corrupt  ring  of  land 
monopolies  to  exist  who  have  appropriated  vast  tracts  of  the  fairest 
land  on  earth  to  themselves ;  we,  therefore,  in  the  name  of  humanity, 


380      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

consider  a  resurvey  of  the  state  necessary  in  order  to  ascertain  as 
far  as  possible  the  extent  to  which  the  law  in  this  instance  has  been 
violated.  As  the  land  is  the  natural  heritage  of  the  children  of 
men,  we  deem,  in  the  laws  of  equity  and  justice,  that  one  section  of 
six  hundred  and  forty  acres  is  a  sufficiency  for  any  one  man  to  own 
or  transmit  to  his  offspring.  All  import  duties  on  raw  material  not 
produced  in  the  United  States  should  be  abolished. 

Sec.  4.  The  industries  of  the  country  are  depressed  or  improved 
by  the  fluctuation  in  our  financial  system ;  and  we  therefore  insist 
that  the  national  government  shall  give  to  the  people  a  system  of 
finance  consistent  with  the  agricultural,  manufacturing,  and  mer- 
cantile industries  and  requirements  of  the  country,  uncontrolled  by 
rings,  brokers,  and  bankers. 

Sec.  5.  The  pardoning  power  conferred  on  the  president  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  governors  of  the  several  states,  should  be 
abolished,  and  the  same  be  vested  in  commissions. 

Sec.  6.  Malfeasance  in  public  office  should  be  punishable  by 
imprisonment  in  the  state  prison  for  life,  without  intervention  of 
the  pardoning  power. 

Sec.  7.  We  demand  the  abrogation  of  the  contract  system  in  our 
state  prisons  and  reformatory  institutions.  They  should  be  managed 
in  the  interests  of  the  people,  and  the  goods  therein  manufactured 
should  not  be  sold  at  less  than  current  market  rates  for  the  product 
of  free  labor. 

Sec.  8.  All  labor  on  public  works,  whether  state  or  municipal, 
should  be  performed  by  the  day,  at  current  rates  of  wages. 

Sec.  9.  Eight  hours  is  a  sufficient  day's  work  for  any  man,  and 
the  law  should  make  it  so. 

Sec.  10.  All  public  officers  should  receive  a  fixed  salary,  and  the 
fees  should  be  accounted  for  as  public  moneys. 

Sec.  11.  Millionaires  and  money  monopolists  are  destructive 
to  the  happiness  and  dangerous  to  the  liberty  of  the  people,  and  we 
demand  that  they  be  made  impossible  by  a  proper  system  of  tax- 
ation. 

To  section  6  an  amendment  was  offered  that  the  attention  of  con- 
gress be  drawn  to  the  fact  that  abuses  exist  in  the  custom  house, 
internal  revenue,  and  land  office  departments  of  California,  that 
should  not  be  tolerated  under  any  civilized  government;  but  the 
amendment  was  lost.  Section  11  was  stricken  out  and  the  follow- 
ing adopted  in  its  place : 


THE  OLD  PARTIES  IN  COUNCIL.  381 

[We  demand  that  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  be  amended 
to  the  effect  that  the  president  and  vice-president  of  the  United 
States,  and  senators  of  the  several  states,  shall  be  elected  by  the 
direct  vote  of  the  people. 

/    The  following  resolution  was  opposed  by  Kearney,  and  laid  on  the 
table : 

That  all  speakers  of  this  party  engaged  in  organizing  or  advo- 
cating the  interests  of  the  party,  shall  be  subject  to  the  supervision 
of  the  various  county  committees,  and  all  language  of  a  violent 
character  must  be  repressed  by  the  party  at  all  times,  j 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  Kearney,  Knight, 
"Wellock,  and  others.  On  the  25th  the  following  resolutions  were 
adopted : 

That  we  regard  the  present  common  school  system  of  the  United 
States  as  the  foundation  of  our  civilization,  and  it  will  be  forever 
cherished  and  supported  by  the  workingmen's  party. 

That  a  system  of  compulsory  education  should  be  provided  for 
the  children  of-  our  country,  so  comprehensive  in  its  details  as  to 
enable  the  attendance  of  such  poor  children  as  would  otherwise  be 
unable  to  attend.  For  this  end  a  special  fund  for  the  assistance  of 
such  indigent  children  should  be  maintained,  under  proper  safe- 
guards ;  such  education  to  be  entirely  secular ;  that  there  should  be 
instituted  in  all  our  public  schools  lectures  at  stated  intervals,  whose 
primary  aim  should  be  to  uphold  the  dignity  of  labor  and  mechanical 
vocations  as  paramount  to  all  other  walks  in  life.  \ 

A  resolution  was  also  adopted  to  the  effect  that  all  unoccupied 
lands  in  the  United  States  should  be  declared  open  to  settlement  by 
all  citizens,  and  when  a  citizen  had  taken  possession  of  a  piece  of 
land  of  640  acres,  he  should  be  protected  in  such  location,  no  mat- 
ter who  held  the  title,  and  the  holder  of  the  title  should  be  remun- 
erated by  the  government. 

On  April  24th,  the  state  committees  of  the  republican  and  demo- 
cratic parties  met  in  different  rooms  in  the  Palace  hotel,  in  San 
Francisco.  The  object  of  the  meeting  was  to  endeavor  to  effect  a 
fusion  of  the  parties  in  view  of  the  election  of  delegates  to  the 
constitutional  convention.  The  republican  committee  agreed  that 
joint  tickets  should  be  nominated  and  a  committee  was  sent  to  the 
democrats  inviting  them  to  co-operate,  but  the  latter  committee  had 


382       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

no  quorum  present.  On  the  25th,  meetings  were  again  held  but  no 
conclusion  was  arrived  at.  Subsequently  the  democratic  committee 
adopted  the  following  resolutions : 

1.  That  the  people,  having  recognized  the  necessity  for  certain 
important  and  necessary  changes  in  our  organic  law,  we  heartily 
approve  of  the  call  for  a  constitutional  convention,  so  imperatively 
demanded  and  provided  for  by  the  vote  of  the  people. 

2.  That  we  deem  it  above  and  beyond  any  partisan  association 
of  any  character  whatever  to  control  so  important  a  body,  or  any 
member  thereof,   selected  for  the  formation  of  the  constitution  of 
our  state. 

3.  That,  as  the  representatives  of  the  democratic  party,  we  do 
hereby  solemnly  declare  it  to  be  our  desire,   in  the  approaching 
election  for  members  of  the  state  constitutional  convention,  that  all 
past   party  issues  should  be  discarded,  and   that  none  should    be 
selected  for  membership  in  that  body  but  the  fittest,  without  regard 
to  previous  political  affiliations;  therefore,  we  recommend  that  the 
people  of  the  several  counties  and  senatorial  districts,  irrespective 
of  parties,  choose  two  delegates  for  each  member  of  the  senate  and 
assembly,  to  which  each  county  and  senatorial  district  is  entitled, 
to  meet  in  the  city  of  Sacramento,  on  Wednesday,  the  22d  of  May, 
to  nominate  eight  delegates  from  each  of  the  four  congressional  dis- 
tricts of  the  state,  to  be  voted  for  by  the  people  of  the  state  at 
large;  and  we  further  recommend,  that  the  people  of  the  several 
counties  and  senatorial  districts,  in  selecting  their  local  candidates 
for  the  other  delegates  to  the  constitutional  convention,  apportioned 
to  said  counties  and  senatorial  districts,  ignore  party  politics  en- 
tirely, and  select  the  very  best  men. 

When  the  resolutions  were  received  by  the  republicans,  consider- 
able indignation  was  manifested,  and  it  was  charged  that  the  demo- 
crats had  acted  in  bad  faith.  The  republican  committee  then 
unanimously  adopted  the  following : 

Whereas,  At  the  commencement  of  this  session  of  the  republican 
state  central  committee  it  was  unanimously  resolved  that  it  is  inex- 
pedient to  make  party  nominations  for  delegates  to  the  constitu- 
tional convention  of  this  state;  and,  whereas,  said  resolution  was 
transmitted  to  the  democratic  state  central  committee,  then  in 
session,  with  the  expectation  that  some  joint  action  might  be  had 
with  that  committee,  for  the  nomination  of  delegates  at  large  to  the 


DIVISION  IN   WORKINGMEN'S  PARTY.  383 

state  convention;  and  whereas,  this  expectation  has  been  disap- 
pointed by  the  refusal  or  neglect  of  said  committee  to  co-operate 
with  us  in  that  respect,  and  by  their  independent  adoption  of  cer- 
tain resolutions;  now,  therefore,  it  is 

Resolved,  That  the  republican  state  central  committee,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  spirit  of  the  resolution  sent  to  the  democratic  state 
central  committee,  as  above  set  forth,  recommend  to  the  republicans 
of  California,  that  they  unite  with  their  fellow  citizens  in  the 
selection  of  the  ablest,  fittest,  and  best  known  gentlemen,  to  repre- 
sent them  in  the  convention  which  has  been  called  for  the  purpose 
of  preparing  a  new  constitution  for  this  state,  and  that  for  the 
nomination  of  such  candidates,  meetings  be  held  in  the  several 
counties,  and  senatorial  and  congressional  districts,  at  such  times 
and  places  as  they  and  their  fellow  citizens  shall  determine  to  be 
most  suitable  and  convenient. 

On  May  4th,  a  very  extensive  petition  was  published  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, requesting  certain  prominent  gentlemen  of  that  city,  who 
were  designated  regardless  of  party,  to  meet  and  nominate  the 
delegates  to  be  voted  for  in  the  first  congressional  district  and  in 
the  city  of  San  Francisco.  On  the  10th  the  gentlemen  designated 
met  and  nominated  a  non-partisan  ticket.  This  course  was  also 
adopted  in  other  portions  of  the  state. 

On  April  27th,  at  a  meeting  of  the  workingmen's  state  committee, 
a  misunderstanding  occurred,  which  resulted  on  May  2d  in  the  ex- 
pulsion of  Kearney  from  the  committee,  and  on  the  6th  he  was 
removed  from  his  position  of  president  of  the  party  by  the  com- 
mittee. He  was  charged  with  being  corrupt  and- with  using  the  or- 
ganization to  advance  his  private  ends.  On  the  12th  the  presidents 
of  the  various  ward  clubs  favorable  to  Kearney,  met  and  issued  a 
lengthy  address  to  the  members  of  the  party.  Two  state  conven- 
tions of  workingmen  were  called  to  meet  in  different  halls,  in  San 
Francisco,  on  the  16th. 

/  The  Kearney  convention  met  at  Charter  Oak  hall  and  was  called 
to  order  by  Kearney.  There  were  but  57  delegates  present.  The 
country  delegates  held  a  separate  meeting  and  deliberated  for  a  long 
time  as  to  which  convention  they  would  join.  About  5  o'clock  the 
delegates  from  Alameda,  Marin,  Monterey,  Sonoma,  Santa  Clara, 
Santa  Cruz,  and  San  Joaquin  came  in.  Among  those  who  partic- 
ipated in  the  proceedings  were  J.  P.  Dunn,  0.  0.  Conger,  Elihu 


384       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

*      h. 

Anthony,  W.  F.  White,  D.  J.  Oullahan,  and  J.  H.  Budd.  A  reso- 
lution was  adopted  to  recognize  Kearney  as  an  organizer  worthy  to 
rank  among  the  great  organizers  of  history,  and  worthy  of  the  sup- 
port and  confidence  of  the  people.  On  permanent  organization 
Kearney  was  elected  president.  At  the  meeting  of  the  country  del- 
.  agates,  20  voted  to  join  the  Kearney  convention.  9  to  join  the  anti- 
Kearney  convention,  and  8  were  in  favor  of  joining  neither.  On 
the  17th,  the  Kearney  convention  held  another  meeting.  The  com- 
mittee on  resolutions  submitted  the  following  : 

*  Whereas,  The  duty  of  making  the  laws  of  our  country  has  hith- 
/  erto  been  confined  to  the  non-producing  element  of  society,  who 
have  failed  to  secure  us  in  our  inalienable  rights,  utterly  ignoring 
the  welfare  of  the  producers,  upon  whose  labors  individual  and  na- 
tional prosperity  depends;  reducing  our  farmers  and  wage-laborers 
to  a  state  of  dependence,  compelling  them  to  compete  with  a  de- 
graded class  of  Mongolian  laborers  imported  from  abroad,  and  whose 
presence  is  demoralizing  as  well  as  dangerous  to  the  preservation  of 
our  liberties;  and,  whereas,  our  legislative  halls,  national,  state,  and 
municipal,  have  become  infested  by  thieves  who  do  not  scruple  to 
take  bribes,  until  our  national  forum  has  become  a  by-word  and  re- 
proach among  the  nations;  and,  whereas,  our  courts  have  become 
corrupt,  the  equal  rights  of  the  people  violated  until  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice  has  become  a  mockery  and  farce;  therefore,  re- 
solved : 

1.  That  we  recognize  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  as  the 
great  charter  of  our  liberties  and  the  paramount  law  of  the  land, 
and  the  system  of  government  thereby  inaugurated  by  its  framers 
as  the  only  truly  wise,  free,  just,  and  equal  government  that  has 
ever  existed;  the  last,  best,  and  only  hope  of  man  for  self-govern- 
ment. 

p2.  That  the  public  lands  are  the  heritage  of  the  people,   and 
should  be  open  to  actual  settlers  in  limited  quantities. 

The  next  resolution  denounced  all  communism  and  all  subsidies 
by  the  government. 

4.  Land  grabbing  must  be  stopped. 

5.  Vested  rights  in  property  must  be  respected,  but  land  monop- 
oly must  be  restricted,  and  in  the  future  prohibited. 

6.  Money,  mortgages,  and  bonds  must  be  taxed. 

7.  The  dignity  of  labor  must  be  upheld,  and  the  labor  of  women, 


WORKWOMEN'S  RESOLUTIONS.  385 

when  of  equal  value  to  that  of  men,  should  receive  an  equal  com- 
pensation. 

8.  The  legislator  who  violates  his  pledges  given  to  secure  his  elec- 
tion, should  be  punished  as  a  felon. 

9.  The  pardoning  power  now  vested  in  the  national  and  state 
executives  should  be  abolished. 

10.  The  contract  system  of  the  labor  of  criminals  should  be  abol- 
ished, and  that  labor  should  be  so  managed  as  not  to  conflict  with 
free  labor. 

11.  All  public  officers  should  receive  a  fixed  salary,  and  fees  ac- 
counted for  as  public  money. 

12.  All  labor  on  public  works  should  be  done  by  the  day,  at  the 
current  rate  of  wages,  and  eight  hours  is  a  sufficient  day's  work. 

13.  A  system  of   compulsory  education   for  children   under  14 
years  of  age  should  be  established. 

14.  Education  in  our  public  schools  should  be  free,  and  the  books 
provided  at  the  expense  of  the  state  government. _ 

15.  The  president  and  vice-president  of  the  United  States,  and 
United  States  senators,  should  be  elected  by  the  direct  vote  of  the 
people. 

16.  Malfeasance  in  public  office  should  be  punished  as  a  felony. 

17.  All  criminals  should  be  punished  by  imprisonment,  and  pun- 
ishment by  money  fine  should  be  abolished. 

18.  All  money  made  a  legal  tender  for  private  debts  should  be 
received  in  payment  of  taxes,  and  for  all  public  dues. 

19.  The  Chinese  laborer  is  a  curse  to  our  land,  is  degrading  to  our 
morals,  is  a  menace  to  our  liberties,  and   should  be  restricted  and 
forever  abolished,  and  "the  Chinese  must  go." 

f20.  The  employment  of  Chinese  laborers  by  corporations  formed    • 
under  the  laws  of  this  state  should  be  prohibited  by  law. 

21.  Interest  exceeding  7  per  centum  per   annum  for  the  use  of 
money  shquld  be  prohibited  by  law. 

22.  Contracts  by  the  debtor  for  the  payment  of  the  fees  of  the 
attorney  of  the  creditor  should  be  prohibited. 

23.  No  person  should  be  taxed  for  that  which  he  does  not  own ; 
in  other  words,  debts  due  by  the  person  assessed  should  be  deducted 
from  the  assessable  value  of  his  property  and  should  be  assessed 
against  the  person  to  whom  they  are  payable. 

24.  The  property  of  every  person  to  an  amount  not  exceeding 
$500  should  be  exempt  from  taxation. 

25 


386       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

25.  All  farming  lands  of  equal  productive  value  should  be  equally 
taxed,  without  reference  to  the  improvements. 

26.  Growing  crops  should  not  be  taxed,. 

27.  The  property  of  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind  should  be  exempt 
from  taxation.  - 

28.  There  should  be  no  special  legislation  by  the  state  legislature, 
and  no  state  legislature  should  meet  oftener  than  once  in  every  four 
years. 

-The  following  was  added  to  the  fourteenth  resolution  : 

That  the  principal  of  every  public  school  should,  at  least  once 
every  school  week,  deliver  to  the  school  a  lecture  on  manual  labor, 
showing  that  its  importance  is  paramount  to  that  of  any  other  kincLj 

An  addition  was  adopted  to  the  twenty-eighth  resolution  :  that  all 
laws  passed  by  the  legislature  should  be  ratified  by  the  people  before 
becoming  laws.  The  following  was  also  adopted  : 

That  all  lakes  exceeding  one  mile  in  area  shall  be  declared  public 
property,  excepting  artificial  reservoirs;  and  all  rivers  shall  be  de- 
clared public  property. 

The  platform  was  then  adopted  as  a  whole.  Kearney  was  elected 
president  of  the  party;  Wellock,  vice-president,  and  H.  M.  Moore, 
secretary. 

The  following  were  nominated  for  delegates- a t-large  to  the  consti- 
tutional convention  :  First  congressional  district — Paul  Bonnett,  An- 
thony Fischer,  J.  W.  Jamison,  James  Kidney,  J.  R.  Pico,  John  R. 
Sharpstein,  Charles  Tillson,  John  A.  Whelan.  Second  district — P. 
S.  Dorney,  J.  B.  Kelly,  H.  P.  Williams,  H.  L.  McKelvey,  John 
Green  well,  L.  J.  Morrow,  George  Thorn,  J.  M.  Todd.  Third  district — 
W.  F.  Stone,  W.  H.  Northcutt,  D.  M.  Gloster,  John  0.  Origler,  J. 
0.  Garber,  H.  A.  Boyle,  Jonas  Spect,  W.  M.  Thorp.  Fourth  dis- 
trict— Isaac  Bicknell,  D.  A.  Dryden,  William  Vinter,  B.  Pilkington, 
J.  F.  Breen,  Isaac  Kinley,  R.  D.  Pitt,  and  0.  T.  Chubb.  After 
adopting  the  following  constitution,  the  convention  adjourned  sine  die: 

Section  1.  This  organization  shall  be  known  as  the  workingmen's 
party  of  California,  having  for  its  object  the  redemption  of  the  state 
and  nation  from  the  hands  of  political  tricksters,  thieving  officials, 
and  all  corruption;  the  substitution  of  honest  men  in  all  offices;  the 
abolition  of  all  special  legislation,  and  the  restoration  to  the  people 
of  all  power  not  delegated  to  their  servants,  and  for  all  just 
purposes. 


WORKWOMEN'S  CONSTITUTION.  387 

It  shall  be  composed  of  all  engaged  in  productive  and  distributive 
industry,  and  who  honestly  desire  the  establishment  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  platform  of  the  workingmen's  party.  Each  person,  on 
becoming  a  member  of  a  club,  shall  be  required  to  take  the  follow- 
ing pledge :  "I,  ,  do  solemnly  pledge  myself  that  from  hence- 
forth I  will  dissolve  all  affiliation  with  all  other  political  parties; 
that  I  will  work  faithfully  for  the  establishment  and  maintenance 
of  good  government,  through  the  workingmen's  party  of  California, 
and  place  in  power  only  those  pledged  to  its  support;  that  I  will 
discourage  all  office  seeking ;  that  I  will  not  employ,  in  any  manner, 
any  Chinese  labor,  and  will  discourage  such  employment  by  others, 
and  that  I  will  work  and  vote  for  the  election  to  office  of  all  persons 
of  known  honesty  and  integrity,  nominated  by  the  workingmen's 
party." 

Sec.  2.  Members  of  the  party,  in  good  standing,  may  form  clubs 
in  any  election  precinct  in  this  state,  but  such  clubs  shall  not  be 
branches  of  the  party  until  they  are  recognized  as  such  by  the 
executive  committee  of  the  county  in  which  they  are  formed. 

Sec.  3.  The  presidents  of  the  recognized  clubs  in  each  county 
shall  constitute  the  executive  committee  of  the  party  in  such 
county. 

Sec.  4.  The  executive  department  of  the  party  shall  be  composed 
of  a  president,  vice-president,  treasurer  and  grand  secretary,  who 
shall  reside  in  San  Francisco,  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  state  con- 
vention, and  shall  hold  office  until  the  meeting  of  the  next  state 
convention  held  after  their  election,  at  which  state  convention, 
their  successors  in  office  shall  be  elected. 

Sec.  5.  There  shall  be  a  state  executive  committee,  composed  of 
the  president,  vice-president,  general  secretary  and  treasurer,  and 
of  one  president  of  a  club  in  the  city  of  San  Francisco,  to  be  elected 
by  the  presidents  of  the  recognized  clubs  in  that  city,  and  of  one 
president  of  a  club  in  each  county  in  the  state,  to  be  elected  by  the 
executive  committee  of  such  county.  Eight  members  of  the  state 
executive  committee  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction 
of  business.  Any  member  of  the  state  executive  committee  may  be 
recalled  at  any  time  by  the  powers  which  elected  him,  and  another 
qualified  person  elected  in  his  place.  The  president,  or  in  case  of 
his  absence  or  inability  to  act,  the  vice-president,  shall  be  the  chair- 
man of  the  state  executive  committee,  and  the  general  secretary 
shall  be  the  secretary  thereof. 


388       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Sec.  6.  All  candidates  of  the  party  shall  be  temperate,  of  good 
character,  and  they  shall  pledge  themselves  to  the  principles  of  the 
party,  and  to  integrity  and  economy  in  the  public  service.  They 
shall  be  elected  by  the  party,  without  cost  to  themselves ;  and  no 
money  shall  be  used  by  this  party  for  or  at  any  election,  except  for 
ballots,  and  to  procure  speakers  and  documents  to  instruct  the 
people. 

Sec.  7.  Every  person  nominated  for  office  by  the  workingmen's 
party  of  California  shall,  upon  acceptance  of  his  nomination,  take 

and  sign  the  following  pledge:  "I,  ,  do  hereby  pledge  my 

sacred  honor  that  I  will  support  the  platform  and  declared  prin- 
ciples of  the  workingmen's  party  of  California,  and  in  every  instance 
use  my  best  efforts  to  secure  their  adoption,  and  that,  if  elected, 
will,  in  every  instance,  conform  to  the  wishes  of  my  constituents, 
and  if  requested  by  them  to  resign,  I  will  at  once  comply,  under  the 
penalty  of  ever  thereafter  being  considered  a  man  without  honor  or 
principle,  and  a  person  unworthy  ever  afterward  to  be  a  candidate 
for  any  office  of  trust  in  the  nation." 

Sec.  8.  There  shall  be  a  state  convention  at  such  times  as  may 
be  deemed  necessary  by  the  state  executive  committee. 

Sec.  9.  There  shall  be  district  and  county  conventions  whenever 
the  county  committees  deem  it  necessary  for  election  purposes,  or  to 
promote  the  interests  of  the  party. 

Sec.  10.  From  and  after  the  general  election  in  1879,  all  repre- 
sentation in  the  party  shall  be  based  upon  the  vote  cast  at  the  pre- 
ceding election. 

Sec.  11  All  primary  clubs  of  branches  of  this  party  shall  make 
their  own  by-laws,  not  inconsistent  with  this  constitution. 

Sec.  12.  No  person  shall  be  a  member  of  two  clubs  at  the  same 
time ;  each  member  on  joining  a  club  shall  present  a  proper  transfer 
from  the  club  of  which  he  was  previously  a  member,  in  order  to  pre- 
vent such  membership  representation. 

Sec.  13.  Every  candidate  taking  office  from  the  workingmen's 
party  of  California  shall  resign  such  office  when  demanded  by  a  con- 
vention called  for  that  purpose  by  his  constituents. 

Sec.  1.4.  The  state  executive  committee  shall,  as  soon  as  prac- 
ticable, establish  a  bureau  of  labor  statistics  in  this  state,  with  the 
head  at  the  city  of  San  Francisco,  and  branches  in  each  county. 

The  anti-Kearney  convention  met  at  Tittle's  Hall,  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, on  May  16th.  Frank  Honey  was  elected  chairman.  The 


SECOND  CONSTITUTIONAL   CONVENTION.        389 

convention  was  but  slimly  attended.  A  platform  was  adopted,  and 
delegates  were  nominated  only  to  represent  the  first  congressional 
district  in  the  constitutional  convention.  \ 

In  most  of  the  counties,  the  democrats  and  republicans  made  joint 
nominations  for  delegates  to  the  constitutional  convention.  In  each 
of  the  congressional  districts  conventions  were  held  without  regard 
to  politics,  and  delegates  at  large  were  nominated. 

The  non-partisan  candidates  at  large  were  as  follows  : 

First  congressional  district — M.  M.  Estee,  W.  H.  L.  Barnes, 
Joseph  W,  Winans,  John  F.  Miller,  Eugene  Casserly,  Joseph  P.  Hoge, 
John  S.  Hager,  and  Samuel  M.  Wilson. 

Second  district — Henry  H.  Haight,  Walter  Van  Dyke,  Henry 
Edgerton,  Hugh  M.  La  Rue,  J.  B.  Hall,  Rufus  Shoemaker,  James 
E.  Hale,  and  J.  M.  Porter. 

Third  district — Isaac  S.  Belcher,  Marion  Biggs,  W.  J.  Tinnin, 
W.  F.  Heustis,  J.  McM.  Shafter,  John  M.  Kelley,  A.  P.  Overton, 
and  Benjamin  Shurtleff. 

Fourth  district— John  Mansfield,  P.  B.  Tully,  George  W.  Schell, 
Edward  Martin,  W.  J.  Graves,  J.  J.  Ayers,  Byron  Waters,  and 
George  Venable  Smith. 

The  following  were  nominated  for  delegates  at  large  on  a  regular 
democratic  ticket : 

First  congressional  district — J.  0.  Shorb,  John  J.  Williams,  J.  W. 
Harding,  J.  L.  Ord,  Charles  A.  Sumner,  Cameron  H.  King,  Edward 
C.  Marshall,  and  H.  P.  Irving. 

Second  district — Joseph  F.  Montgomery,  W.  A.  Selkirk,  S.  A. 
Nott,  George  W.  Terrill,  Theodore  F.  Bagge,  John  Anderson,  R.  B. 
Thompson,  and  John  Nugent. 

Third  district— 0.  W.  Lightner,  M.  G.  Vallejo,  R.  0.  Haile,  A.  D. 
Bell,  George  H.  Crossette,  John  Boggs,  Clay  W.  Taylor,  and  John 
S.  Sanders. 

Fourth  district — Byron  Waters,  Brice  Grimes,  J.  0.  Lovejoy, 
0.  G.  Sayles,  Lawrence  Archer,  J.  M.  Montgomery,  J.  W.  Freeman, 
and  J.  R.  McConnell. 

The  regular  republicans  nominated  the  following  ticket  for  dele- 
gates at  large  :  Frederick  Fillmore,  Henry  Horstman,  S.  W.  Holli- 
day,  James  A.  Waymire,  Christopher  Green,  Walter  Van  Dyke, 
E.  B.  Mott,  jr.,  H.  T.  Dorrance,  Joseph  McKenna,  Benj.  Shurtleff, 


390       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 


I.  S.  Belcher,  N.  W.  Scudder,  S.  0.  Houghton,  David  Fessenheld, 
John  Mansfield,  Edward  Martin,  L.  Huerate,  0.  W.  Dannals, 
Samuel  Soule,  J.  G.  Severance,  J.  M.  Porter,  James  E.  Hale,  E.  W. 
Roberts,  John  A-  Eagon,  William  F.  Heustis,  J.  M.  McBrown, 
Charles  A.  Garter,  D.  M.  Burns,  Paris  Kilburn,  Robert  Widney, 
George  W.  Schell,  and  G.  V.  Smith. 

The  election  for  delegates  to  the  constitutional  convention  was 
held  on  Wednesday,  June  19th.  The  non-partisan  ticket  for  dele- 
gates at  large  was  elected.  The  following  table  exhibits  a  list  of  the 
delegates  who  served  : 

List  of  Delegates  to  Second  Constitutional  Convention. 


NAME  AND  PARTY  ELECTING. 

COUNTY. 

FORMER  POL. 

OCCUPATION. 

W  H  L  Barnes                 Non-partisan 

At  large 

Republican 

Lawyer. 

Eugene  Casserly                 Non-partisan 

At  large        

Democrat  

Lawyer. 

Morris  M  Estee                   Non-partisan 

At  large 

Republican 

Lawyer. 

John  8  Hager                      Non-partisan 

At  large  

Democrat- 

Lawyer. 

Joseph  P  Hoge                    Non-partisan 

At  large 

Democrat 

Lawyer. 

John  F  Miller                     Non-partisan 

At  large 

Republican 

Samuel  M  Wilson               Non-partisan 

At  large    _ 

Democrat 

Lawyer. 

Joseph  W  Winans              Non-partisan 

At  large 

Republican 

Lawyer. 

Henrv  Edgerton                 Non-partisan 

At  large     '. 

Republican  

Lawyer. 

*J  West  Martin                      Convention 

At  large 

Democrat 

Banker. 

James  E  Hale                   -Non-partisan 

At  large  __ 

Republican- 

Lawyer. 

j  jj  Hall                              Non-partisan 

At  large 

Democrat 

Lawyer 

Hugh  M  La  Rue                 Non-partisan 

At  large 

Democrat 

Farmer 

J  M   Porter                        Non-partisan 

At  large 

Republican 

Lawyer. 

Rufus  Shoemaker  Non-partisan 
Walter  Van  Dyke               Non-partisan 

At  large  
At  large  

Democrat  
Republican  

Journalist. 
Lawyer. 

Isaac  S  Belcher                  Non-partisan 

At  large 

Republican 

Lawyer. 

Marion  Biggs                        Non-partisan 

At  large  

Democrat  

Farmer. 

W.  F.  Heustis  Non-partisan 
John  M.  Kelley             Non-partisan 

At  large  
At  large  

Republican  — 
Democrat-  _ 

Cleik. 
Farmer. 

A  P  Overtoil                       Non-partisan 

At  large 

Democrat 

Lawyer. 

James  McM  Shafter          Non-partisan 

At  large 

Republican 

Lawyer. 

Benjamin  Shurtieff            Non-partisan 

At  large 

Republican 

Physician. 

W  J  Tinnin                        Non-partisan 

At  large 

Democrat 

Merchant. 

James  J  Ayers                     Non-partisan 

At  large 

Democrat 

Editor. 

William  J  Graves                Non-partisan 

At  large 

Democrat 

Lawver. 

John  Mansfield                    Non-partisan 

At  large 

Republican  

Lawyer. 

Ed.  Martin  Non-partisan 
George  W  Schell                 Non-partisan 

At  large  
At  large 

Republican  — 
Republican 

Merchant, 
Lawver. 

(Jenrgft  V    Smith                     N<~>"  pn.rtisft.n 

At  large 

Republican 

Lawyer. 

P  B  Tully                           Non-partisan 

At  large 

Democrat 

Lawyer 

Byron  Waters                      Non-partisan 

At  large 

Democrat 

Lawyer. 

A  Campbell  jr                   Non-partisan 

Alameda 

Republican 

Lawyer. 

Daniel  Inman                     Non-partisan 

Alameda 

Ind  Dem. 

Farmer. 

John  G  McCallum              Non-partisan 

Alameda 

Ind  Repub 

Lawyer. 

Wm.  Van  Voorhies              Non-partisan 

Alameda 

Democrat  

Lawyer. 

Jonathan  V.  Webster         Non-partisan 

Alameda 

Ind  Dem 

Farmer. 

John  A.  Eagon    __        Non-partisan 

Amador 

Republican  

Lawyer. 

Wm.  H.  Prouty                    Non-partisan 

Amador 

Democrat 

Farmer. 

Josiah  Boucher                   Non-partisan 

Butte 

Republican 

Farmer. 

Mark  R.  C.  Pulliam            Non-partisan 

Butte 

Democrat 

Miner. 

J  B  Garvev                              Democrat 

Calaveras 

Democrat 

Dep.  Sheriff. 

B.  B.  Glascock  Non-partisan 

Colusa 

Democrat  

Farmer. 

Hiram  Mills                          Republican 

Contra  Costa 

Republican 

Lawyer. 

James  E  Murphy                Non-partisan 

Del  Norte 

Democrat 

Lawver. 

Henry  Larkin    _                 Workingmen 

El  Dorado 

Democrat 

Farmer. 

Samuel  A.  Holmes  Democrat 
W.  J.  Sweasey  Workingmen 

Fresno  
Humboldt     

Democrat  
Independent  _ 

Farmer. 
Merchant. 

V.  A.  Gregg  Republican 

Kern  

Republican— 

Lawyer. 

SECOND  CONSTITUTIONAL    CONVENTION.        391 


NAME  AND  PAKTY  ELECTING. 


COUNTY. 


FORMER  POL. 


OCCUPATION. 


Alonzo  E.  Noel Independent    Lake Democrat 

Edward  Evey,  Farmer  and  Workingmen    Los  Angeles Democrat 

Volney  E.  Howard Democrat    Los  Angeles Democrat— 

John  P.  West,  Farmer  and  Workingmen    Los  Angeles Republican— 

Hugh  Walker Workingmen    Marin Republican— 

F.  O.  Townsend Democrat    Mendocino Democrat 

N.  G.  Wyatt Workingmerj    Monterey Democrat 

Robert  Crouch Republican    Napa Republican.. 

C.  W.  Cross Workingmen-  Nevada Republican- 
Hamlet  Davis Workingmen  I  Nevada Democrat 

John  McCoy Workingmen  j  Nevada Republican- 
John  T.  Wickes Workingmen*]  Nevada.— j  Democrat 

Samuel  B.  Burt Non-partisan    Placer Republican— 

J.  A.  Filcher Non-partisan    Placer Democrat 

James  Caples Non-partisan  i  Sacramento Democrat 

Presley  Dunlap Non-partisan    Sacramento Democrat 

Abraham  C.  Freeman Non-partisan  Sacramento Republican- 
Thomas  McConnell Non-partisan  Sacramento Republican 

Thomas  B.  McFarland Non-partisan  i  Sacramento I  Republican- 
Edmund  Nason Independent  I  San  Benito \  Republican- 
Randolph  S.  Swing Democrat  j  San  Bernardino  i  Democrat 

Eli  T.  Blackmer Republican  I  San  Diego j  Republican.. 

Clitus  Barbour Workingmen  t  San  Francisco  __  Republican.. 

Qharles  J.  Beerstecher Workingmen*!  San  Francisco! j  Republican- 
Peter  Bell Workingmen*i  San  Francisco  __!  Democrat 

John  D.  Condon Workingmen' i  San  Francisco I  Democrat 

Patrick  T.  Dowling *_  Workingmen*  San  Francisco  __  Democrat 

Luke  D.  D'oyle Workingmen,/ 1  San  Francisco Democrat 

Simon  J.  Farrell WorkingmeiiJ  San  Francisco  __  Democrat 

Jacob  R.  Freud Worklngmeii    San  Francisco 

Joseph  C.  Gorman Workingmen,  j  San  Francisco  __ 

William  P.  Grace Workingmen»J  San  Francisco 

Thomas  Harrison Workingmen.  j  San  Francisco  __ 

Conrad  Hero.ld Workingmen*  San  Francisco 

William  P.  Hughey Workingmen.!  San  Francisco  __ 

Peter  J.  Joyce Workingmen%;  San  Francisco 


Bernard  F.  Kenny WorkingmeiiJ  San  Francisco  __ 

fJohn  J.  Kenny Convention    San  Francisco 


Charles  R.  Klein Workingmenr  San  Francisco  __ 

Raymond  Lavigr.i.e Workingmen*  San  Francisco 

John  F.  Lindow Workingmen,   San  Francisco  __ 

JS.  B.  Thompson Convention    San  Francisco 

Thorvvald  K.  Nelson Workingmen«i  San  Francisco  __ 

Henry  Neunaber ,. Workingmei*  i  San  Francisco 

Charles  C.  O'Doiinell-J..—  Workingmen.!  San  Francisco  __ 

James  O'Sullivan Workingmen,  San  Francisco 

James  S.  Reynolds Workingmen«f  San  Francisco  __ 

Charles  S.  Ringgold Workingmen  •)  San  Francisco  _ 

Henry  W.  Smith Wonkingmen 

John  C.  Stedman Workjingmen 

Charles  Swenson Workingmen 

Alphonse  P.  Vacquerel —Workingmen «  San  Francisco  — 

Patrick  M.  Wellin WorkiMgmen «  San  Francisco  _ 

John  R.  W.  Hitchcock Non-p.artisaii  ;  San  Joaquin 

David  Lewis Non-partisan 

Justus  Schomp Non-partisan 

David  S.  Terry Non-partisan 

George  Steele Non-  partisan 

William  S.  Moffat .Workingmen*  San  Mateo 

Eugene  Fawcett Noiv -partisan    Santa  Barbara- 
Dennis  W.  Herrington Wor'kingmen*  Santa  Clara 

Thomas  H.  Laine Non-jpartisan    Santa  Clara 

Rush  McComas Non-  partisan    Santa  Clara 

E.  O.  Smith Non-  partisan    Santa  Clara 

Joseph  R.  Weller Non-p  artisan    Santa  Clara 

Daniel  Tuttle Workhngmen    Santa  Cruz 

Henry  K.  Turner Non-partisan 

Jonathan  M.  Dudley Republican 

Joel  A.  Harvey Repu  bliean 

S.  G.  Hilborn Repinblican    Sefano 

J.  M.  Charles Non-p  artisan  Sonoma... 

G.  A.  Johnson Non  ^partisan    Sonoma 

W.  W.  Moreland Non-  partisan    Sonoma__. 

C.  V.  Stuart Noiv -partisan  '  Sonoma— 

Tyler  Davis  Heiskell :  Democrat    Stanislaus 


San  Francisco  _ 
San  Francisco  .. 
San  Francisco  .. 


San  Joaquin 

San  Joaquin 

San  Joaquin 

San  Luis  Obispo 


Sierra  _. 
Solano . 
Solano- 


Republican 

Republican- 
Democrat 

Democrat 

Democrat 

Independent . 

Democrat 

Democrat 

Republican- 
Democrat 

|  Republican 

i  Republican— 
i  Republican— 
i  Republican- 
Independent. 

Democrat 

;  Republican 

I  Democrat 

Republican 

'  Republican 

|  Republican 

Republican— 
i Independent . 

I  Democrat 

|  Republican 

1  Republican.. . 

|  Democrat 

Republican- 
Democrat 

j  Republican— . 

i  Republican 

Democrat 

Republican- 
Democrat 

Republican- 
Republican 

Republican- 
Republican 

Republican- 
Republican— 
Republican- 
Democrat 

Democrat 

Republican— 
1  Democrat 


Lawyer. 

Farmer. 

Lawyer. 

Farmer. 

Cooper. 

Farmer. 

Lawyer. 

Lawyer. 

Lawyer. 

Merchant. 

Miner. 

Sch'l  teach'r 

Miner. 

Journalist. 

Farmer. 

Lawyer. 

Lawyer. 

Farmer. 

Lawyer. 

Dairyman. 

Lawyer. 

Music  teach. 

Lawyer. 

Lawyer. 

Painter. 

Cabinetm'kr 

Miner. 

Gardener. 

Gasfitter. 

Merchant. 

Tinner. 

Carpenter. 

Rigger. 

Grocer, 

Sign  painter. 

Furn.  dealer 

Tel.  operator 

Merchant. 

Bootmaker. 

Lithograph'r 
.!  Tailor. 
.|  Carpenter. 
.|  Turner. 
.1  Merchant. 

Physician. 

Printer. 
.i  Lawyer. 
1  Clerk. 
.  Plumber. 
.j  Bookkeeper. 
.1  Restaurant. 
.:  Cook. 
.  Carpenter. 

Farmer. 
.|  Farmer. 
.j  Farmer. 
i  Lawyer. 
.  Farmer. 
.!  Farmer. 
.!  Dist.  Judge. 
.  Lawyer. 
.1  Lawyer. 
,  Farmer. 
.  Farmer. 
.  Farmer. 
.  Farmer. 
.!  Farmer. 
.1  Farmer. 
.  Lawyer. 
J  Lawyer. 
.  Farmer. 
.j  Lawyer. 
.  Lawyer. 
.1  Farmer. 
;l  Farmer. 


392      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 


NAME  AND  PARTY  ELECTING. 

COUNTY. 

FORMER  POL. 

OCCUPATION. 

George  Ohleyer  

Non-partisan 

Sutter  

Democrat  
Democrat 

Farmer. 
Farmer. 
Farmer. 
Physician. 
Lawyer. 
Miller. 
Lawyer. 
Carpenter. 

Lumb'r  de'lr 

Farmer. 
Justice  Pe'ce 
Merchant. 
Planter. 
Lawyer. 

Lawyer. 

Farmer. 
Lawyer. 
Farmer. 
Lawyer. 
Carpenter.  • 

Lawyer. 
Physician. 
L-awyer. 

Farmer. 
Lawyer. 

Merchant. 
Farmer. 
Lawver. 
Physician. 
Farmer. 

H  C  Wilson 

Democrat 

Tehama 

Joseph  C  Brown 

Democrat 

Tulare 

Democrat 

John  Walker          

Democrat 

Tuolumne 

Democrat 

Charles  G.  Finney,  jr. 
John  M.  Rhodes  

Workingmen 
Repu  blican 

Ventura  
Yolo 

Republican  
Republican- 
Republican 

D  H  Cowden 

_    Non-partisan 

Yuba 

John  F  McNutt 

Nnn-r>fl.rtiRfl.n 

Yuba 

Democrat  
Republican  — 
Republican 

Augustus  H.  Chapman  Non-partisan 
Thomas  H.  Estey  Non-nartisan 

Butte,  Plumas 
and  Lassen  
Contra  Costa 
and  Marin 

J.  E.  Dean  

G  W  Hunter 

Workingmen 
Workingmen 

1  El  Dorado       ( 
J     and  Alpine  1 
1  Mariposa         j 
j    and  Merced  ( 
Mariposa,  M'rc'd 
and  Stanislaus 
Mn'cino,  Hmblt. 
and  Del  Norte. 
Mono  and  Inyo 

Republican- 
Democrat  
Democrat  
Democrat 

SJ.  M.  Strong  
gWilliam  J.  Howard  _ 

Convention 
Convention 

L.  F.  Jones  

James  N.  Barton    »• 

Non-partisan 
Workingmeu  - 

Democrat  _ 

Democrat  
Democrat  
Democrat  
Republican  
Republican 

Patrick  Reddy  

Non-partisan 

H.  C.  Boggs  

Edmund  Barry  

Non  -partisan 
Workingmen 

Napa,  L'ke,  Son. 
Nevada,  Sierra— 
Plumas  Lassen 

Ezra  P  Soule 

Workingmen 
Republican 

Horace  C.  Rolfe  

San  Diego  and 
San  Bernardino 
San  Francisco 
and  San  Mateo_ 
San  Joaquin 
and  Amador  
St.  Cruz.Mont'ry 
and  San  Benito 
Siskiyou,  Modoc 
Siskiyou.Modoc, 
Trinity,  Shasta 
Solano,  Yolo  
Trinity,  Shasta 

Republican  
Republican  
Republican- 
Democrat  
Democrat 

Lucius  D.  Morse  
W  L  Dudley 

Workingmen 
Non-partisan 

William  F.  White 

Workingmen 

J.  Berry       

Democrat 

David  C.  Stevenson  
Chas  F.  Reed 

Non-partisan 
Republican 

Republican—. 
Republican.,.- 
Democrat  
Republican 

A.  R.  Andrews  

Non-partisan 

R.  M.  Lampson_ 

Non-partisan 

Tuol'ne,  Cal'v'as 
Yuba  and  Sutter 

James  H.  Keyes  

Republican 

Republican  

*  H.  H.  Haight  was  elected  a  delegate  on  the  non-partisan  ticket,  but  died  before 
the  convention  met,  and  J.  West  Martin  was  elected  by  the  convention  to  fill  vacancy. 

f  Bernard  F.  Kenny  died  during  the  session  of  the  convention,  and  John  J.  Kenny 
was  elected  by  the  convention  to  fill  vacancy. 

I  S.  B.  Thompson  was  chosen  by  the  convention  in  plact  of  Thomas  Morris,  who 
was  disqualified,  not  being  a  citizen. 

§  George  M.  Hardwick  died  before  the  convention  r^iet.  The  convention  elected 
J.  M.  Strong  to  fill  vacancy,  who  served  a  short  time,  when  he  also  died;  the  convention 
then  elected  William  J.  Howard. 


In  the  month  of  September,  the  state  central  committee  of  the 
national  greenback  party  met  at  San  Francesco,  and  adopted  the  fol- 
lowing : 

Whereas,  The  demand  for  the  "  greenback,"  perfected  and  made 
a  full  legal  tender  as  the  money  of  the  nation,  is  the  fundamental 
principle  of  the  national  greenback  labor?  party;  and,  whereas,  in 
nearly  all  the  states  the  name  "national  gK-eenback  labor  party"  has 
been  adopted  as  the  party  name;  therefore,  resolved : 

That  the  party  shall  hereafter  be  known  in  this  state  as  the  "  na- 
tional greenback  labor  party,"  until  otherwi.se  ordered  by  a  national 
convention. 


SECOND    CONSTITUTIONAL   CONVENTION.        393 

Whereas,  The  national  greenback  labor  party  was  organized  for 
the  very  best  interests  of  the  workingmen  of  America,  and  is  to-day 
the  only  party  whose  principles,  if  carried  out,  will  alleviate  their 
present  condition;  and,  whereas,  the  workingmen  and  women  of 
this  country  are  being  falsely  led  by  an  unprincipled,  ignorant,  and 
designing  demagogue ;  therefore,  be  it  resolved : 

That  we  do  not  indorse  nor  will  we  in  any  way  affiliate  with  Dennis 
Kearney,  and  we  do  most  earnestly  deprecate  the  action  of  the  east- 
ern clubs  of  this  party  in  their  reception  of  the  blatant,  profane, 
and  low  humbug,  as  he  does  not  in  any  way  represent  the  sentiment 
of  the  workingmen  of  California. 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 

1879.  Adoption  of  the  New  Constitution — Formation  of  the  New 
Constitution  Party — Workingmen's  Convention — Republican  Con- 
vention— Convention  of  New  Constitution  Party — Democratic 
Convention —  Prohibition  Convention. 

The  second  constitutional  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  Sep- 
tember 28th,  1878,  and  adjourned  on  March  3d,  1879.  The  new  con- 
stitution was  submitted  to  the  people  for  ratification  at  an  election 
held  on  May  7th,  1879,  and  it  was  adopted  by  a  vote  of  77,959  in  its 
favor,  to  67,134  against  it.  Most  of  the  newspapers  of  the  state 
were  bitterly  opposed  to  its  adoption,  the  San  Francisco  Chronicle 
being  the  only  leading  newspaper  that  favored  it.  Immediately 
after  the  election,  the  Chronicle  urged  the  formation  of  a  new  po- 
litical party,  to  be  composed  of  the  supporters  of  the  constitution, 
with  the  view  of  electing  the  first  state  officers  of  persons  who  were 
friendly  to  it  and  would  in  good  faith  endeavor  to  carry  its  provis- 
ions into  effect.  On  May  10th  a  mass  meeting  of  the  friends  of  the 
constitution  was  held  at  Stockton,  with  a  view  of  taking  the  pre- 
liminary steps  toward  the  formation  of  the  new  party.  Similar 
meetings  were  held  soon  after  in  the  other  counties. 

On  the  17th,  a  conference  of  the  leading  advocates  of  the  new 
movement  was  held  in  San  Francisco.  John  H.  Burke  called  the 
meeting  to  order,  and  Cornelius  Cole  was  elected  chairman.  Among 
those  present  were  John  C.  Burch,  A.  0.  Bradford,  Clitus  Barbour, 
W.  T.  Baggett,  C.  J.  Beerstecher,  Nathaniel  Bennett,  Alex.  Camp- 


394       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

bell,  John  P.  Dunn,  Caleb  Dorsey,  J.  R.  Freud,  Volney  E.  Howard, 
S.  T.  Leet,  H.  M.  La  Rue,  John  L.  Love,  J.  G.  McCallum,  Thomas 
McConnell,  James  V.  Coffey,  John  H.  McKune,  W.  B.  Norman,  H. 
C.  Patrick,  George  H.  Rogers,  George  V.  Smith,  J.  B.  Southard,  J. 
0.  Stebbins,  David  S.  Terry,  T.  A.  Talbert,  J.  V.  Webster,  William 
F.  White,  J.  A.  Waymire,  0.  M.  Wozencraft,  Coleman  Younger. 
Among  those  who  had  received  invitations  and  were  unable  to 
attend,  but  who  sent  letters  of  regret,  were  Marion  Biggs,  Calvin 
Edgerton,  James  Johnson,  Henry  Larkin,  Benj.  Shurtleff,  John  R. 
Sharpstein,  E.  0.  Tully,  W.  J.  Tinnin,  J.  P.  West,  T.  J.  Sherwood,. 
J.  J.  Ayers,  J.  W.  Satterwhite,  O.  C.  Pratt,  John  G.  Downey,  P, 
H.  Ryan,  and  Warren  Chase.  A  committee  was  appointed  on  res- 
olutions, and  they  reported  the  following : 

Whereas,  The  new  constitution  has  been  adopted  by  the  people  of 
California,  without  regard  to  past  political  affiliations,  by  over 
11,000  majority — a  majority  more  than  three  times  as  great  as  the 
republicans  had  in  the  last  presidential  campaign,  when  California 
polled  its  very  largest  vote;  and,  whereas,  it  is  apparent  that  the 
victory  has  been  achieved  by  the  united  efforts  of  men  of  integrity 
and  patriotism  in  the  three  existing  parties  of  the  state,  the  demo- 
cratic party,  the  republican  party,  and  the  workingmen's  party;  and, 
whereas,  we  believe  that  the  wealth  producers  of  California  have 
made  it  possible  to  inaugurate  reforms  and  provide  a  government 
that  will  dispense  equal  and  exact  justice  to  all,  and  are  further, 
more  convinced  that  this  result  can  only  be  accomplished  through 
the  prompt  and  united  action  of  those  who  supported  and  advocated 
the  adoption  of  the  new  constitution,  leaving  national  questions  to 
be  decided  at  the  presidential  election;  and,  whereas,  the  new  fun- 
damental law  must  be  put  in  operation  by  the  legislative,  executive,, 
and  judicial  officers  of  the  state  government  who  are  to  be  chosen  in 
September  next;  and,  whereas,  if  the  duty  of  construing  and  put- 
ting in  force  the  new  constitution  be  handed  over  to  the  persons  and 
the  corporations  opposed  to  its  adoption,  instead  of  relieving  the 
state  and  the  citizens  of  the  burdens  which  now  overwhelm  them  in 
the  shape  of  monopoly  power,  greed,  fraud,  and  dishonest  govern- 
ment, and  unjust  and  unequal  taxation,  it  will  be  turned  into  an 
engine  of  oppression,  and  all  our  efforts  be  rendered  futile  and  of  no 
avail;  now,  therefore,  be  it  resolved: 

1.  That  for  the  good  of  the  state  we  will  here  and  now  sink  all 
past  political  differences,  and  maintain  that  position  until  California 


THE  NEW  CONSTITUTION  PARTY.  395, 

is  firmly  and  securely  planted  upon  the  foundation  of  the  new  con- 
stitution. 

2.  That  there  being  now  no  vital  national  questions  before  the 
people  for  discussion  or  decision,  the  paramount  duty  of  the  hour  is 
to  devote  all  our  energies  to  the  work  of  electing  such  state  officers 
as  will  enforce  the  new  organic  law  in  the  spirit  of  fairness  intended 
by  its  framers,  and  promote  peace  and  prosperity  where  heretofore 
injustice  and  discontent  have  prevailed. 

3.  That    we    will    retain   and   perfect  our   present   organization 
throughout  the  state ;  and  to  this  end   we  call  upon  and  invite  all 
good  citizens  to  meet  and  assemble  in  every  election  precinct  in  this 
state  on  Saturday,  the  24th  day  of  May,  and  that  they  then  and 
there  form  "new  Constitution  clubs,"  to  carry  on  the  campaign. 

4.  That  the  chairman  appoint  an  executive  committee,  to  consist 
of  twenty-i^hree  members — one  from. each  judicial  district  and  five 
at  large — with  full  power  to  call  a  state  convention,  to  fix  the  ap- 
portionment of  delegates,  and  take  charge  of  the  organization,  with 
whom  all  who  are  in  harmony  with  the  cause  are  requested  to  cor- 
respond. • 

5.  That  we  will  never  falter  in  this  work  or  in  our  purpose  hereby 
enunciated  until  we  have  driven  every  vestige  of  monopoly  oppres- 
sion, corporate  misrule,  and  political   corruption  from   the  govern- 
ment of  this  commonwealth. 

6.  That  we  will  persevere  in  our  good  work  until  we  make  the 
state  of  California  a  government  of  the  people,   by  the  people,  for 
the  people,  and  until  there  shall  be  no  man  or  corporation  so  great 
as  to  be  above  the  law,  and  no  one  so  lowly  as  to  be  beneath  it. 

7.  That  this  organization  shall  be  known  as   "  the  new  constitu- 
tion party,"  and  that  this  shall  be  our  shibboleth. 

8.  That  we  know  no  national  issues  or  national  politics  in  this 
campaign ;  that  we  rise  above  all  parties,  at  the  same  time  leaving 
every  voter  hereafter  to  act  for  himself  in  matters  appertaining  to 
old  party  lines,  as  he  shall  be  advised. 

The  resolutions  were  adopted  without  opposition.  The  members 
of  the  workingmen's  party  spoke  against  the  movement,  declared 
that  the  workingmen  would  not  abandon  their  organization,  and  de- 
clined to  participate  further  in  the  meeting.  A  state  executive 
committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  La  Rue,  Downey,  Terry, 
Campbell,  Younger,  McConnell,  Walter  Van  Dyke,  Charles  A. 
Tuttle,  Burke,  Shurtleff,  George  Steele,  C.  Grattan,  Julius  Chester, 
H.  K.  S.  O'Melveny,  James  H.  Keyes,  Calvin  Edgerton,  G.  W. 


396       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Hunter,  P.  H.  Ryan,  G.  W.  Hancock,  Tipton  Lindsey,  E.  T. 
Blackmer,  J.  A.  Filcher,  W.  W.  Moreland,  Biggs,  Cyrus  Jones, 
H.  0.  Wilson,  Leet,  Bradford,  Burch,  Love,  and  Way  mire.  On 
May  llth,  at  a  meeting  of  workingmen  held  at  San  Francisco,  it 
was  resolved  not  to  affiliate  with  the  new  constitution  party. 

The  workingmen's  state  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  June 
3d,  and  was  called  to  order  by  Kearney.  Among  the  delegates 
were  John  P.  Dunn,  T.  K.  Nelson,  Pierce  H.  Ryan,  S.  M.  Buck, 
and  John  P.  West.  On  permanent  organization,  Kearney  was 
president,  and  J.  J.  Flynn  secretary.  On  the  4th,  the  committee  on 
resolutions  reported  the  following : 

The  workingmen  of  California,  in  convention  assembled,  do  adopt 
and  proclaim  the  following  as  their  platform  and  declaration  of 
principles : 

1.  That  we  recognize  the  constitution  of  the  United   States  of 
America  and  the  constitution  of  the  state  of  California  as  the  great 
charters  of  our  liberties,  and  the  paramount  law  of  the  land,  and 
California  as  an  inseparable  part  of  the  American  union,  and  the 
system  of  government  thereby  inaugurated  as  the  only  wise,  free, 
just  and  equal  government  that  has  ever  existed — the  last,  best, 
and  only  hope  of  man  for  self-government. 

2.  The  letter  and  spirit  of  the  new  constitution  must  be  enforced. 
"  3.  We  utterly  repudiate  all  spirit  of  communism  or  aggrarianism. 

4.  No  land  or  other  subsidies  shall  ever  be  granted  to  corporations. 

5.  Vested  rights  in  property  must  be  respected,  but  land  monopoly 
must  be  prohibited. 

6.  Money,  mortgages,  and  bonds  must  be  taxed. 

7.  The  dignity  of  labor  must  be  upheld,  and  labor  of  male  and 
female,  when  of  equal  value,  must  be  equally  compensated. 

8.  Any  official  who  shall   violate  the  pledges  given  to  secure  his 
election  should  be  punished  as  a  felon. 

9.  The  contract  system  of  labor  of  criminals  should  be  abolished, 
and  criminal  labor  so  regulated  as  not  to  conflict  with  free  labor 
throughout  the  United  States. 

10.  All  public  officers  shall  receive  fixed  salaries,   and  all  fees 
must  be  accounted  for  as  public  money. 

11.  That  the  honors  and  legal  pay  of  all  officials  should  be  con- 
sidered equivalent  for  the  best  services  they  can  render  the  state, 
while  official  jobbery,  bribery,  or  corruption,  must  be  visited  by  sure 
and  severe  punishment. 


WORKWOMEN'S  PLATFORM.  397 

12.  All  labor  on  public  works  shall  be  performed  by  the  day,  at 
ruling  rates,  and  eight  hours  must  constitute  a  day's  work. 

13.  A  system  of  compulsory  education  for  children  between  the 
ages  of  eight  and  fourteen  years,  must  be  adopted ;  education  free  in 
public  schools,  and  all  books  paid  for  by  the  state.     That  the  state 
should  acquire  a  copyright  for  school  text-books,  which  must  be  the 
property  of  the  state  forever,  and  the  state  print  the  same  at  the 
state  printing  office. 

14.  We  pledge  this  party  to  maintain  in  its  purity  the  public 
school  system  authorized  by  the  constitution,  and  will,  when  in  our 
power,  establish  in  connection  therewith,  departments  for  industrial 
education. 

15.  Article  XI  of  the  constitution  must  not  be  construed  in  favor 
of  the  appointment  of  public  officials,  whenever  their  election  by  the 
people  direct  is  at  all  practicable. 

16.  Lobbying  having  been  declared  a  felony  in  the  new  consti- 
tution, we  demand  that  the  legislature  shall  enforce  said  provision 
of  the  fundamental  law  by  the  most  stringent  enactment. 

17.  Foreigners  ineligible  to  citizenship,  shall  not  be  licensed  to 
peddle  goods  or  commodities  of  any  character  throughout  the  state 
of  California. 

18.  Land  monopoly  being  contrary  to  the  spirit  of  republican  in- 
stitutions and  detrimental  to  the  progress  of  society,  and  conducive 
to  the  creation  of  a  wealthy  class  of  landholders  side  by  side  with  a 
landless  multitude ;  therefore,  we  hereby  declare  ourselves  in  favor 
of  adopting  every  legitimate  means  to  prevent  the  monopoly  of  the 
soil  in  a  few  hands. 

19.  Malfeasance  in  public  office  must  be  punished  as  a  felony. 

20.  That  the  laws  now  existing  for  the  punishment  of  buying  and 
selling  votes  are  insufficient,  in  that  both  the  buyer  and  seller  being 
equally  guilty,  neither  can  be  obliged  to  give  evidence  of  the  guilt  of 
the  other.     We  therefore  favor  the  enactment  of  laws  by  which 
the  person  bribing  or  attempting  to  bribe  an  elector  shall  alone  be 
punished. 

21.  We  demand  that  the  fullest  investigation  be  had,  under  the 
authority  of  the  ensuing  legislature,  into  the  alleged  scandalous  char- 
acter of  the  opposition  to  the  adoption  of  the  new  constitution ;  and 
if  the  charges  prove  true,  that  condign  punishment  be  visited  upon 
the  guilty  ones. 

•  22.  The  legislature  should  cause  to  be  examined  and  prosecuted, 
land  frauds  in  California. 


398       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

23.  The  same  value  should  not  be  taxed  twice  the  same  year  under 
the  same  system  of  taxation. 

24.  Interest  on  money  should  not  exceed  6  per  cent,  per  annum. 

25.  We  demand  the  immediate  restoration  to  pre-emption  and 
sale  of  all  forfeited  railroad  lands,  and  that  no  further  extension  be 
granted. 

26.  We  condemn  the  action  of  our  senators  and  representatives  in 
congress,  in  depriving  this  state  of  representation  for  one  year,  while 
her  most  important  interests  are  at  stake,  as  an  unwarrantable  per- 
version of  their  official  duties,  made  under  a  false  pretense  of  econ- 
omy, but  really  in  the  hope  to  gain  a  political  advantage  over  the 
workingmen's  party  of  California. 

27.  That  we  condemn  the  inaction  of  our  senators  and  repre- 
sentatives in  congress,  in  not  attempting  to  have  the  withdrawal 
from  pre-emption  and  sale  of  lands  illegally  claimed  by  the  defunct 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  railroad  company  removed,  and  said  lands  re- 
stored to  the  people,  and  re-opened  to  pre-emption  and  sale. 

28.  We  condemn  the  "desert  land  bill,"  and  all  other  land  grabs, 
under  whatever  name  or  on  whatever  pretense. 

29.  Contracts  by  debtors  for  the  payment  of  fees  of  the  attorneys 
of  creditors,  should  be  prohibited. 

30.  Laws  should  be  passed  providing  for  the  deduction  of  debts 
due  bona  fide  residents  from  unsecured  credits  in  matters  of  taxation. 

31.  That  notaries  public  should  be  elected  by  the  people,  one  from 
each  county.  That  the  best  protection  of  our  frontier  will  be  a  popu- 
lation of  settlers  owning  their  own  lands,  and  that  it  will   be  the 
part  of  wisdom  for  the  government  to  expend  the  money  now  squan- 
dered for  such  protection,  by  settling  the  people  on  the  unoccupied 
land. 

32.  Whereas,  Great  apprehension  exists  in  the  mining  counties 
that  some  legislation  under  the  new  constitution  might  be  unfavor- 
able to  mining  interests,  we  declare  that  under  the  protection  of  our 
party  their  vested  rights  shall  be  respected. 

33.  That  the  president  and  vice-president  of  the  United  States, 
and  United  States  senators,  shall  be  elected  by  the  direct  vote  of  the 
people,  and  no  man  should  be  elected  to  the  office  of  president  or 
vice-president  of  the  United  States  for  two  consecutive  terms. 

34  We  are  tired  of  the  dreary  discussion  of  dead  issues  in  our 
national  congress,  while  great,  living  issues  are  confronting  the  coun- 
try. The  people  want  bread  and  not  stones.  We  hail  the  awakening 


WORKINGMEWS  PLATFORM.  399 

of  the  oppressed  workingmen  and  impoverished  farmers,  to  the  east 
of  us,  to  a  sense  of  their  power  and  the  cause  of  their  sufferings,  as 
a  harbinger  of  a  new  revolution  in  behalf  of  human  rights,  against 
vicious  systems  and  dishonest  politicians. 

35.  That  the  national  bank  law  should  be  repealed,  and  all  moneys 
issued  by  the  United  States  be  a  full  legal  tender  for  all  debts,  public 
and  private. 

36.  Congress  ought  to  pass  fares  and  freights  bills,  and  bills  to 
prohibit  unjust  discrimination  and  other  abuses  in  the  management 
of  overland  routes. 

37.  That  the  government  of   the  United  States   should  establish 
throughout  the  states,  a  system  of  postal  savings  banks. 

38.  Charges  for  freights  and  fares  on  railroads,  and^r  the  use  of 
water,  gas,  etc.,  must  be  so  regulated  that  there  shall  be  no  discrim- 
ination between  persons  and  places,  and  that  capital  actually  invested 
in  railroad,  water,  and  gas  rights  should  yield  no  greater  net  income 
than  capital  invested  in  farming  and  other   productive  industries. 
The  legislature  must  pass  laws  to  carry  into  effect  the  police  power 
of  the  state,  in  order  to  prevent  the  importation  of  Chinese,  and 
congress  should  abrogate  all  treaties  that  come  in  conflict  with  the 
nineteenth  article  of  the  new  constitution. 

39.  We  hold  that  the  state  and  county  tickets  formed  under  the 
auspices  of  the  workingmen's  party  of  California  must  be  made  up 
of  friends  of  the  new  constitution,  irrespective  of  party  predilections. 
To  further  secure  the  efficiency  of  the  new  organic   law,  we  will 
attack  its  opponents  with  the  most  effective  weapons  •  but  among 
ourselves,  in  difference  of  opinion,  we  will  allow  liberal  discussion, 
give  considerate  attention,  and  exercise  the  largest  charity.  To  these 
ends  we  invite  the  co-operation  of  all  the  friends  of  the  new  consti- 
tution.    We  must  do  all  in  our  power  as  a  party  to  prevent  any 
conflict  between  the  interests  of  mining  and  agriculture,  by  just 
laws,  engineering  skill,  and  public  aid. 

40.  That  the  cardinal  principle  of  true  reform  in  politics  is,  that 
the  office  shall  seek  the  man,  and  not  the  man  the  office ;  and  that 
honesty,  capability,  and  faithfulness   to  our  republican   system  of 
government,  are  the  main  requirements  in  the  selection  of  candidates 
for  office.    That  the  democratic  and  republican  parties  have  signally 
failed  to  apply  these  principles,  inasmuch  as  both  have  been  com- 
pletely controlled  by  "rings,"  seeking  office  only  to  betray  the  people. 
That  we  denounce  and  condemn  the  efforts  of  both  old  political  par- 


400      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

ties  to  create  a  solid  north  or  a  solid  south,  and  thereby  sectionize 
the  country;  that  in  the  organization  of  our  party  we  know  no 
north,  no  south,  no  east,  no  west.  That  we  are  determined  the  gov- 
ernment of  our  country  shall  be  so  administered  as  to  secure  equal 
rights  to  all  our  people,  be  they  high  or  low,  rich  or  poor,  black  or 
white;  and  that  by  so  doing  the  union  can  and  will  be  perpetuated 
forever. 

Signed  by  M.  F.  Quinn,  chairman ;  W.  W.  Broughton,  secretary; 
D.  A.  Leonard,  F.  F.  O'Leary,  P.  F.  Warde,  Anson  Clark,  John 
Allyn,  H.  M.  Moore,  James  O'Sullivan,  John  Knotwell,  John  T. 
Wickes,  and  W.  J.  Sweasey^} 

Kearney  moved  to  strike  out  the  third  section,  but  after  a  dis- 
cussion he  withdrew  the  motion,  finding  that  the  sentiment  of  the 
convention  was  against  him.  A  motion  that  the  candidates  for 
judicial  offices  be  excused  from  taking  the  oath  required  by  the  con- 
stitution of  the  jDarty  was  lost.  On  the  5th,  the  following  was  added 
to  the  platform  :^ 

Water  for  the  use  of  any  city,  town,  or  county  in  this  state,  or  the 
inhabitants  thereof,  can  only  be  appropriated  by  the  lawfully  con- 
stituted authorities  of  such  city  and  county,  or  city  or  town.  Any 
appropriation  of  water  heretofore  made  by  any  person,  association, 
or  corporation  for  supplying  any  city  and  county,  or  city  or  town, 
or  the  inhabitants  thereof,  not  carried  into  actual  operation  by  the 
construction  of  water  works  and  the  furnishing  of  water,  shall  be 
declared  void. 

Gambling  devices  have  always  victimized  productive  industry, 
and  they  must  be  vigorously  suppressed.  Stock  gambling  must  be 
prohibited,  and  stock  stealing  must  be  regulated. 

— - y  Corporations  must  discharge  their  Chinese  employes,  or  go  out  of 
business.  Laws  must  be  passed  to  purge  the  communities  of  the 
state  of  the  presence  of  Chinese,  and  to  prevent  their  acquiring  any 
further  foothold  among  us. 

The  man  who  owns  the  labor  must  be  given  as  perfect  a  lien  on 
the  thing  produced  or  improved  thereby  as  the  man  who  owns  the 
capital  is  given  on  his  investment. 

Justice  is  too  dear.  The  courts  are  inaccessible  to  poor  men  and 
men  of  limited  means  by  reason  of  the  cost  bills  exacted  from  thenu 
We  demand  a  reduction  of  these  expenses. 

The  following  nominations  were  then  made  : 


WORKWOMEN'S  NOMINATIONS.  401 

William  F.  White,  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of 
110,  to  20  for  Henry  Larkin,  and  22  for  John  0.  Origler.  J.  V. 
Webster  was  named  for  the  office,  but  withdrew,  and  John  G. 
Downey  sent  a  telegram  declining  to  be  a  candidate. 

W.  R.  Andrus,  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
Charles  Krug;  Henry  Larkin  withdrawing. 

A.  A.  Smith  for  secretary- of  state,  without  opposition. 

Charles  Krug  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  L.  JB.  Clarke. 
Krug  declined  the  nomination,  and  Clarke  was  nominated. 

Hugh  L.  Jones  for  controller,  without  opposition. 

C.  W.  Cross  for  attorney-general,  without  opposition. 
H.  J.  Stevenson  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot. 

D.  H.  Trout  for  school  superintendent,  over  A.  L.  Mann.     Trout 
declined   on  the   13th,  and  the  state  committee  nominated   S.   N. 
Burch. 

R.  F.  Morrison  for  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  without 
opposition. 

S.  B.  McKee,  J.  K  Sharpstein,  Charles  A.  Tuttle,  George  A. 
Johnson,  J.  H.  Budd,  and  W.  T.  Me N"ealy,  for  associate  justices, 
over  E.  W.  McKinstry,  John  H.  McKune,  A.  L.  Rhodes,  E.  D. 
Sawyer,  and  S.  M.  Buck.  Tuttle,  Johnson,  McNealy,  and  Budd 
declined  the  nominations,  and  J.  D.  Thornton,  Buck,  McKinstry, 
and  E.  M.  Ross  were  nominated  in  their  stead. 

O.  F.  Thornton  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  without  opposi- 
tion. 

Henry  Larkin  from  the  first  district,  C.  J.  Beerstecher  from  the 
second  district,  and  George  Stoneman  from  the  third  district,  for 
railroad  commissioners. 

The  first  district  convention  met  on  June  7th,  and  nominated 
Clitus  Barbour  for  congressman,  without  opposition ;  Robert  Ferral 
withdrawing.  Wm.  C.  Hoagland  was  nominated  for  member  of  the 
state  board  of  equalization. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  June  5th, 
and  nominated  Peter  J.  Hopper  for  congressman,  and  George  Thorn 
for  member  of  the  board  of  equalization.  Both  of  these  candidates 
withdrew  the  next  day,  and  H.  B.  Williams  was  nominated  for  con- 
gressman, over  J.  C.  Martin,  Thorn,  John  Green  wall,  and  B.  K.  Low; 
and  W.  B.  G.  Keller  was  nominated,  without  opposition,  for  member 
of  the  board  of  equalization.  Williams  withdrew  on  August  19th  in 
favor  of  the  democratic  candidate. 

26 


402       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  third  district  convention  met  on  the  6th  at  San  Francisco, 
and  nominated  0.  P.  Berry  for  congressman,  over  Benjamin  Shurt- 
leff  and  J.  T.  Rogers.  J.  P.  Oavanaugh  was  nominated  for  member 
of  the  board  of  equalization.  On  July  10th,  Berry  declined  to  take 
the  pledge,  and  G.  T.  Elliott  was  nominated,  but  he  declined  on  the 
21st,  and  the  name  of  Berry  was  again  placed  on  the  ticket. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  the  5th, 
and  nominated  James  J.  Ayers  for  congressman,  over  Charles  Mc- 
Dougall;  and  0.  T.  Chubb  for  member  of  the  board  of  equalization. 

The  republican  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco  on  March 
5th,  and  called  a  state  convention  to  meet  at  Sacramento  on  June 
17th.  On  May  22d,  another  meeting  of  the  committee  was  held, 
and  it  was  resolved  not  to  postpone  the  convention.  The  following 
address  was  issued  by  the  committee  to  the  voters  of  the  party: 

The  republican  state  central  committee  desires  to  urge  upon  you 
the  necessity  of  organizing  promptly  for  an  earnest  and  vigorous 
campaign.  You  are  called  upon  this  year  to  perform  a  double  duty  : 
to  assist  in  securing  a  faithful  and  effective  administration  of  the 
new  constitution,  and  to  support  the  time-honored  principles  of 
your  party.  The  contest,  which  has  just  resulted  in  the  adoption 
of  that  change  in  our  organic  law,  was  waged  without  reference  to 
national  party  lines,  and  had  but  one  issue :  whether  the  new  con- 
constitution  should  be  ratified. 

The  republican  party  accepts  the  result  as  an  absolute  finality, 
and  pledges  itself  to  a  faithful  interpretation  and  administration  of 
its  provisions  in  all  honesty  and  sincerity.  That  party  is  pre-emi- 
nently the  representative  of  loyalty,  of  respect  for  law,  of  faithful 
adherence  to  compacts.  The  principles  on  and  by  which  it  stands 
are  inseparable  from  these  characteristics ;  its  members  have  ever 
been  noted  for  their  insistence  upon  strict  regard  for  constitutional 
requirements;  and,  in  urging  the  republicans  of  the  state  to  rally 
round  their  party  banners,  we  are  only  giving  the  best  assurance 
conceivable  that  the  candidates  whom  they  will  put  forward  may  be 
trusted  to  administer  the  new  constitution  fairly  and  fully,  and  in 
all  sincerity  and  good  faith. 

It  is  the  more  necessary  to  stand  by  the  party  organization  to- 
day, because  great  and  momentous  national  issues  are  in  contro- 
versy. In  addition  to  four  congressmen,  California  elects  a  state 
senate,  whose  members  will  vote  on  the  election  of  a  United  States 


ADDRESS  OF  REPUBLICAN  COMMITTEE.         4Q3 

senator.  These  considerations  alone  point  to  the  absolute  necessity 
of  a  vigorous  party  campaign.  But  these  are  not  the  only  incentives 
to  energetic  action.  In  1880,  the  presidential  campaign  opens,  and 
the  republicans  of  California  cannot  afford  to  be  negligent  in  the 
preparation  for  a  struggle  which  may  involve  the  whole  future  of 
the  republic.  The  issues  now  presented  are  inferior  in  gravity  to 
none  which  the  party  has  been  called  to  confront  since  its  defense 
of  a  threatened  union. 

Advancing  with  ever-growing  audacity,  the  democratic  leaders 
have  conspired  to  paralyze  the  federal  government,  and  to  revive 
the  obsolete  and  heretical  doctrine  of  state's  rights,  with  extrava- 
gance. To  compass  their  purpose  they  have  undertaken  to  intimi- 
date the  executive,  by  threatening  to  withhold  supplies;  and, 
further  to  embarrass  the  administration,  they  have  resorted  to  the 
device  of  appending  political  measures  to  appropriation  bills,  and 
causing  it  to  be  inferred  that  they  will  bring  the  government  to  a 
standstill  if  their  demands  are  not  conceded.  It  is  against  the 
dangers  which  this  condition  of  national  politics  involves,  that  the 
republican  party  must  prepare  to  contend  with  all  its  energies.  We 
have  exaggerated  nothing  in  ascribing  to  the  situation  a  gravity 
only  second  to  that  which  confronted  the  nation  in  1861.  The  oc- 
casion calls  for  all  the  loyalty  and  resolution  which  the  memories  of 
a  glorious  past  can  inspire  and  evoke.  Though  almost  a  generation 
has  elapsed,  the  patriots  who  fought  to  preserve  the  union  are  not 
yet  dead.  The  policy  which  periled  their  lives,  their  fortunes,  and 
their  sacred  honor  to  uphold  and  defend,  is  not  yet  abandoned  by  its 
friends;  and  it  is  to  that  spirit  of  patriotism,  to  that  stern  resolve, 
to  that  noble  liberalism,  that  we  confidently  appeal  to-day. 

The  mission  of  the  republican  party  is  not  ended  while  the  en- 
franchisement of  the  negro  continues  to  be  a  sham  and  a  pretense ; 
while  republican  government  in  ten  states  is  a  mockery;  while  the 
men  who  fought  to  destroy  the  union  stand  triumphantly  upon  the 
steps  of  the  national  capitol,  and  plot  the  reversal  of  the  judgment 
which  the  swords  of  our  patriots  recorded.  That  party  stands 
pledged  to  preserve  the  faith  of  the  government  in  all  its  promises 
to  its  creditors ;  to  provide,  as  a  circulating  medium  for  the  use  of 
the  people,  a  currency  which  shall  be  of  uniform  value,  whether 
gold,  silver,  or  paper ;  and  to  make  a  dollar,  whatever  its  form,  abso- 
lutely worth  a  dollar. 

To  disband,  to  falter,  to  fail  now  in  recognizing  the  duty  and 


404       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

need  of  action,  would  be  to  surrender  the  purposes  of  a  lifetime,  to 
satisfy  the  teachings  of  a  generation,  to  renounce  the  approval  of 
cotemporaries  and  the  gratitude  of  posterity.  It  is  not  from  the 
republican  party  that  such  weakness,  such  apathy,  is  to  be  expected. 
That  party  is  to-day,  as  ever,  the  responsible  depository  of  whatever 
high  and  holy  aspirations  the  people  of  these  United  States  cherish. 
It  stands  for  ordered  liberty,  equal  justice,  enlightened  education, 
constitutional  government,  and  equitable  legislation.  It  is  the  ex- 
ponent and  guardian  of  that  liberty  which  rests  upon  understanding, 
and  of  that  freedom  which  is  distinguished  from  license.  It  stands 
to-day,  as  ever,  for  the  poor  as  for  the  rich,  for  the  passionless  ad- 
ministration of  a  justice  which  knows  no  respect  of  persons,  and  for 
all  that  can  enfranchise,  elevate,  and  ennoble  mankind.  And  be- 
cause it  stands  for  these,  it  is  the  natural  and  implacable  foe  of  that 
party  which  aims  at  anarchy,  sanctions  license,  and  seeks  to  tamper 
with  justice,  under  the  plea  of  a  more  perfect  democracy;  and  which 
shelters  and  sanctions  corruption,  under  the  pretext  of  a  magnani- 
mous catholicity. 

Against  the  doctrines  which  assault  the  freedom,  purity,  and 
republicanism  of  our  institutions,  it  is  the  duty  of  all  republicans  to 
oppose  to  their  utmost  efforts;  and  to  such  a  contest  you  are  now 
invited,  in  the  full  and  abiding  confidence  that  you  will  respond 
with  characteristic  enthusiasm  to  the  summons,  and  that  you  will 
not  cease  until  your  efforts  shall  be  crowned  by  a  glorious  success. 

The  convention  met  at  the  time  and  place  agreed  upon  and  was 
called  to  order  by  A.  G.  Abell,  the  chairman  of  the  state  committee. 
Obed  Harvey,  Frank  M.  Pixley,  and  George  L.  Woods  were  nomi- 
nated for  temporary  chairman.  On  the  first  ballot  Harvey  had  188 
votes,  to  140  for  Woods,  and  74  for  Pixley.  On  the  third  ballot 
Pixley  was  elected  by  a  vote  of  206,  to  186  for  Harvey.  The  com- 
mittee on  platform  consisted  of  G.  G.  Blanchard,  0.  B.  Porter,  E. 
W.  Roberts,  George  C.  Gorham,  George  L.  Woods,  John  H.  Jewett, 
and  O.  Sanders.  On  the  18th  a  permanent  organization  was  effected 
and  Pixley  was  elected  president,  and  R.  Burnell,  G.  L.  Woods, 
O.  Harvey,  and  W.  B.  May,  vice-presidents.  The  majority  of  the 
committee  on  resolutions  reported  the  following  : 

1.  That  we  reaffirm  our  allegiance  to  the  principles  of  the  grand 
national  party  of  free  soil,  free  labor,  equal  rights  of  the  people, 
honest  money,  good  public  faith,  and  the  integrity  of  the  national 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  405 

union — the  party  whose  record  furnishes  some  of  the  grandest  and 
most  illustrious  chapters  of  our  nationalhistory. 

2.  That  the  attempts  by  the  democratic  majority  in  congress  to 
repeal   the  laws  for  the  preservation  of  the  purity  of  the  ballot-box 
at  elections  for  members  of  congress,  is  in  keeping  with  the  history 
of  the  party  whose  crimes  against  the  ballot  in  New  York  city 
under  the  Tweed  dynasty  in   1868,  led  to  the  enactment  of  those 
laws ;  that  the  method  by  which  they  seek  to  accomplish  this  result 
— by   withholding    appropriations    for  the   courts  of    the    United 
States  unless  the  president  will  join  them  in   their  conspiracy,  is 
revolutionary;  and  that  the  denial  of  the  power  of  congress  to  make 
regulations   for   the    conduct   of    congressional    elections — a  power 
specifically  granted  in  the  constitution  of  the  United  States — is  a 
palpable  attempt  to  revive  the  baneful  doctrine  of  state  supremacy, 
which  was  the  cause  of  the  great  rebellion. 

3.  That  the  firm  and   united  opposition  of  the  republican  party 
in  congress,  and  of  the  president,  to  this  new  revolt  against  the  na- 
tion, should  be  sustained   by  all  patriotic  and  law-abiding  people 
throughout  the  land. 

4  That  the  new  constitution  is  the  organic  law  of  the  state, 
adopted  by  the  people  in  accordance  with  our  republican  form  of 
government.  It  must  and  will  be  sustained  by  the  republican 
party  in  loyalty.  It  must  and  will  receive  honest  legislation.  It 
must  and  will  receive  a  just  and  generous  judicial  interpretation.  It 
must  and  will  be  enforced  by  an  honest  executive  administration ', 
and  we  condemn  any  effort  to  evade  its  provisions  as  unwise  and 
treasonable  to  the  popular  will  legally  expressed. 

5.  That  an  independent  and  intelligent  agricultural  population  is 
the  chief  element  of  a  nation's  strength  and  prosperity,  and  it  should 
be  the  policy  of  state  and  general  government  to  encourage   the 
acquisition  of  lands  in  small  holdings  for  actual  use,  and  to  discour- 
age the  monopoly  by  individuals  or  corporations  of  large  bodies. 

6.  The  Chinese  question  is  one  of  national  importance,  demanding  ^ 
the  consideration  of  the  national  congress.     Unrestricted  Chinese      \ 
immigration  imperils  the  best  interests  of  our  coast,  and  ultimately 
that  of  the  whole  country.     It  menaces  the  labor  class  with  unequal 
competition  and  is  dangerous  to  our  civilization.     Not  unmindful 

of  its  history  and  our  own  part  therein,  regarding  the  rights  of  pres- 
ent immigrants  acquired,  we  demand  of  the  general  government 
such  legislation  as  shall  restrict  or  control  Chinese  immigration  in 


406       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

the  future,  and  the  repeal  or  modification  of  so  much  of  the  Bur- 
lingame  treaty  as  interferes  with  the  accomplishment  of  that  object. 
We  will  spare  no  effort  within  our  own  state  to  secure  by  legislative 
enactment  a  judicial  enforcement  of  the  same  results.  Chinese  im- 
migration must  be  restricted  and  controlled. 

7.  That  it  is  a  paramount  duty  and  interest  of  the  state  to  pro- 
vide ample  educational  opportunities  for  its  youth,  and  to  permit 
none  to  be  deprived  of  their  enjoyment,  and  that  so  far  as  the  pro- 
visions   of    the    new    organic    law    will    permit,    legislation    should 
facilitate    and    encourage    the  adoption  of    a   uniform  standard  of 
qualifications  for  teaching,  courses  of  study,  and  text  books  for  the 
public  schools. 

8.  That  the  republican  party — always  the  true  friend  of  labor,  in 
all  its  varied  forms — pledges  itself  to   secure  the  passage  of  such 
laws  under  the  new  constitution  as  will  foster,  protect  and  promote 
the  development  and  growth  of  all  the  industries  of  the  state. 

9.  That  the  republican  party,  as  a  just  arbiter  of  the   people, 
pledges  itself  to  insist  upon  the  passage  of  such  laws  as  will  pre- 
vent any  conflict  between  the  mining  and  certain  portions  of  the 
agricultural  districts  and  interests  of  the  state — and  we  declare  that 
vested  rights  of  all  parties  shall  be  scrupulously  respected  and  pro- 
tected. 

10.  The  republican  party,  claiming  to  represent  the  principles  of 
justice,  honesty,  and  moral  sentiment,  declares  its  fidelity  to  the  law 
and  its  unalterable  opposition  to  any  attempt  on  the  part  of  any 
class  to  disturb  the  ownership  of  property;  and  while  it  would  dis- 
favor the  accumulation  of  great  landed  estates  in  the  possession  of 
individuals  or  corporations,  it  would  as  firmly  protect  all  the  rights  of 
all  persons  to  all  the  wealth  that  they  may  legally  and  honestly 
acquire. 

Whereas,  The  regulation  of  fares  and  freights  upon  all  inter-state 
railroad  travel  and  traffic  is  subject  to  the  action  of  the  congress  of 
the  United  States,  and  the  regulation  of  fares  and  freights  within  a 
state  is  subject  to  local  legislative  jurisdiction  and  control,  resolved, 

11.  As  the  opinion  of  this  convention,  that  the  railroad  commis- 
sioners who  shall  be  nominated  by  the  district  conventions  should 
make  such  reductions  in  the  rates  of  fares  and  freights  upon  all  local 
travel  and  traffic  carried  over  railroads  which  have  received  national 
or  state  aid,  operated  within  this  state,  as  will  reduce  the  same  by  a 
certain  specified  percentage  upon  the  rates  declared,  collected,  or 
charged  by  published  rate  bill  in  force  upon  any  such  road  on  the 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  4Q7 

first  day  of  June,  1879,  and  that  such  commissioners  shall  hereafter 
make  such  further  reductions  as  may  seem  to  them  just  and  demanded 
by  the  interests  of  the  people,  but  shall  in  no  case  authorize  or  per- 
mit any  increase  thereafter  upon  such  rates  so  ordered. 

Gorham  moved  that  the  report  be  adopted  except  that  portion 
which  related  to  railroad  matters,  and  the  motion  was  carried.  He 
then  read  the  minority  report  of  the  committee,  as  follows  : 

Whereas,  The  railroad  company  has  received  $132,000,000  from 
freight  and  passengers,  and  the  transportation  cost  $58,000,000  upon 
property  derived  through  legislation,  and  valued  by  the  president  of 
the  company  at  $100,000,000  over  all  liabilities;  whereas,  notwith- 
standing the  depressed  condition  of  other  business  during  six  years,  the 
people  have  paid  to  the  company  over  $15,000,000  per  annum; 
whereas,  the  expenses  of  the  company  were  but  $6,000,000;  and, 
whereas,  the  company  has  exacted  in  six  years  over  $8,000,000  net 
earnings ;  and,  whereas,  the  producing  and  commercial  interests  will 
be  ruined  unless  relief  is  afforded;  and,  whereas,  the  new  constitu- 
tion was  adopted  mainly  because  of  the  railroad  section ;  and, 
whereas,  Lolls  within  the  state  can  be  reduced  one-fourth ;  therefore, 
resolved, 

That  a  remedy  does  not  lie  in  any  indefinite  advocacy  of  reduced 
rates,  as  the  will  of  the  people,  expressed  at  the  polls,  has  been 
repeatedly  defeated  in  the  legislature  by  a  system  of  parliamentary 
legerdemain ;  that  relief  lies  in  requiring  candidates  for  governor, 
lieutenant-governor,  the  legislature,  and  any  railroad  commissioner, 
to  take  a  pledge ;  that  the  true  and  needed  reform  is  to  fix  rates 
between  points  in  the  state  on  railroads  which  have  received  national 
or  state  aid,  less  than  rates  actually  charged  June  1,  1879;  that  for 
each  dollar  usually  and  actually  demanded  and  received  by  the  com- 
pany a  reduction  of  twenty-five  cents  should  be  made ;  that  the 
question  should  be  settled  in  advance  of  all  other  questions ;  that  a 
pledge  after  election  cannot  be  broken  without  endangering  the 
peace  of  society,  and  revolution  will  probably  follow;  that  all  candi- 
dates for  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  state  senator,  or  assembly- 
man, or  railroad  commissioner,  shall  take  the  following  pledge  : 

''''Pledge  for  the  railroad  commissioner: 

I  do  solemnly  pledge  my  sacred  honor  that  I  will,  if  elected  a' 
railroad  commissioner,  faithfully  support,  without  any  modification 
or  change,  the  following  order :  Ordered  that  the  rates  of  fares  and 
freights  on  all  railroads  between  all  points  within  this  state  which 


408       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

have  received  national  or  state  aid,  shall,  from  and  after  the  1st  day 
of  February,  1880,  be  fixed  at  three-fourths  the  usual  rates  demanded 
and  received  on  the  1st  day  of  June,  1879,  or  at  any  time  during  the 
six  months  prior  thereto;  and  the  words  'usual  rates,'  above  used, 
shall  be  deemed  to  mean  the  rates  actually  and  usually  charged  in 
each  case,  whether  the  same  be  nominally  fixed  or  special  rates ;  and 
it  is  further  ordered  that  no  change  shall  be  made  in  the  mode  of 
computing  charges,  or  in  the  weight  or  measurement  of  freight,  or 
in  the  classification  of  service  which  shall  affect  the  substantial 
rights  of  parties  under  this  order — the  true  object  being  to  reduce 
all  charges  for  services  rendered  by  railroads  between  points  within 
the  state  over  roads  which  have  received  national  or  state  aid,  one- 
fourth  below  the  present  rates ;  and  I  further  solemnly  pledge  my- 
self that,  during  my  term  of  office,  I  will  never  vote  for  any  increased 
rate  of  charge  for  any  railroad  service,  but  that  any  charge  voted  for 
by  me  after  February  1st,  1880,  shall  be  a  reduction. 

"  Pledges  for  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  assemblymen,  and  rail- 
road commissioners  : 

"  I  do  solemnly  pledge  myself  to  the  earnest  and  faithful  support 
of  the  new  constitution,  and  that  I  will  exert  all  the  influence  I  pos- 
sess to  aid  in  the  election  of  the  railroad  commissioners  pledged  to  a 
reduction  of  one-fourth  on  all  railroad  fares  and  freights  on  roads 
which  have  received  national  or  state  aid ;  and  if  elected  I  pledge 
myself,  in  the  performance  of  my  official  duties,  to  act  in  accord- 
ance with  this  pledge." 

S.  O.  Houghton  offered  the  following,  as  a  substitute  for  both  re- 
ports : 

That  in  the  opinion  of  this  convention  justice  demands  that  the 
present  rate  of  freights  and  fares  upon  all  lines  of  railroads  in  this 
state,  that  have  received  state  or  national  aid,  ought  to  be  reduced 
at  least  25  per  cent. 

After  a  lengthy  debate  the  Houghton  substitute  was  adopted. 
The  following  nominations  were  made  on  the  18th  and  19th: 

George  0.  Perkins,  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of 
215,  to  53  for  Horace  Davis,  106  for  George  S.  Evans,  and  31  for 
John  F.  Swift. 

John  Mansfield,  for  lieutenant-governor,  without  opposition. 

Daniel  M.  Burns,  for  secretary  of  state,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  269,  to  51  for  Edward  Martin,  and  71  for  Drury  Melone. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTIONS.  409 

D.  M.  Kenfield,  for  controller,  without  opposition. 

John  Weil,  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  221,  to 
122  for  Adam  Wasson,  and  70  for  W.  E.  Me  Arthur. 

Augustus  L.  Hart,  for  attorney-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  217,  to  190  for  George  W.  Schell. 

James  W.  Shanklin,  for  surveyor-general;  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  239,  to  161  for  W.  H.  Crane  ;  John  A.  Eagan  withdrawing. 

Frank  W.  Gross,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  over  Grant  I. 
Taggart,  Alexander  Campbell,  jr.,  and  H.  H.  Russell. 

F.  M.  Campbell,  for  school  superintendent,  over  J.  H.  0.  Bonte. 

A.  L.  Rhodes,  for  chief  justice,  without  opposition. 

A.  P.  Catlin,  Isaac  S.  Belcher,  M.  H.  Myrick,  James  E.  Hale,  E. 
D.  Wheeler,  and  J.  T.  Richards,  for  associate  justices,  on  the  first 
ballot,  which  resulted  as  follows:  John  W.  Dwinelle,  105;  John  W. 
North,  63;  Hale,  357;  Catlin,  371;  Wheeler,  251;  Belcher,  362; 
John  Reynolds,  122;  Myrick,  269;  L.  D.  Latimer,  241;  Robert 
Harrison,  22;  and  Richards,  245.  A  state  committee  was  selected 
composed  of  Max  Brooks,  A.  J.  Rhoads,  S.  G.  Hilborn,  W.  H. 
Parks,  G.  G.  Blanchard,  E.  F.  Spence,  M.  D.  Boruck,  S.  O.  Hough- 
ton,  H.  W.  Byington,  P.  B.  Cornwall,  and  others. 

The  first  district  republican  convention,  for  the  nomination  of  a 
candidate  for  railroad  commissioner,  met  at  Sacramento  on  June 
19th,  and  nominated  Joseph  S.  Cone,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of 
121,  to  21  for  Christopher  Green,  and  32  forH.  Cummings— Charles 
F.  Reed  and  William  Jennings  withdrawing. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  June 
24th.  Gorham  offered  a  series  of  resolutions  similar  to  the  minority 
report  of  the  committee  of  resolutions  of  the  state  convention.  At 
an  adjourned  meeting  of  the  district  convention,  held  on  July  1st, 
the  resolutions  were  tabled,  by  a  vote  of  52  to  27.  T.  G.  Phelps 
was  nominated  for  commissioner,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  50, 
to  22  for  George  A.  Fisher,  8  for  D.  W.  Grant,  and  3  for  J.  G. 
Jackson ;  John  McComb  and  L.  W.  Walker  withdrawing. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento,  on  June  19th, 
and  nominated  C.  H.  Phillips,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  92, 
to  22  for  C.  S.  Abbott,  15  for  H.  K.  W.  Brent,  7  for  H.  J.  Ostran- 
der,  and  3  for  L.  U.  Shippee ;  George  W.  Tyler  withdrawing. 

The  first  district  republican  equalization  convention  met  at  San 
Francisco  on  June  23d,  and  nominated  James  L.  King  for  member 


410      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

of  the  state  board  of  equalization,  without  opposition,  0.  S.  Capp 
withdrawing. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  June  19th, 
and  nominated  M.  M.  Drew  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  70,  to 
46  for  L.  0.  Morehouse. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  June  19th, 
and  nominated  Warren  Button,  without  opposition;  Charles  F.  Reed 
declining. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  the  same 
day,  and  nominated  James  A.  Clayton,  over  John  Baker  and  P.  Y. 
Baker. 

The  first  district  republican  congressional  convention  met  at  San 
Francisco  on  June  23d,  and  nominated  Horace  Davis,  without  oppo- 
sition. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  June  17th, 
and  nominated  Horace  F.  Page  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  85, 
to  25  for  Stephen  G.  Nye. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  June  19thr 
and  nominated  Joseph  McKenna  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  92, 
to  37  for  Jerome  Banks. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  the  same 
day,  and  nominated  Romualdo  Pacheco,  without  opposition ;  S.  0, 
Houghton  declining. 

The  executive  committee  of  the  new  constitution  party  met  at 
San  Francisco  on  May  22d,  and  called  a  state  convention  to  meet  at 
Sacramento  on  June  25th.  The  convention  was  called  to  order  by 
Marion  Biggs,  the  chairman  of  the  committee,  and  he  was  chosen 
temporary  chairman.  The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of 
Cornelius  Cole,  H.  P.  Irving,  L.  Hamilton,  D.  S.  Terry,  J.  I.  Cald- 
well,  A.  Campbell,  Dr.  A.  W.  Thompson,  E.  Comstock,  Volney  E. 
Howard,  and  others.  On  the  27th,  a  permanent  organization  was 
effected  by  the  election  of  Biggs  as  president ;  and  Cornelius  Cole, 
Dr.  C.  Grattan,  J.  W.  Snowball,  and  D.  C.  Reed,  as  vice-presidents. 
The  committee  on  platform  reported  the  following,  which  were 
adopted : 

Whereas,  In  the  recent  election  on  the  adoption  of  the  new  con- 
stitution the  voters  of  this  state,  without  regard  to  party  lines, 
obtained  a  glorious  victory  over  the  combined  power  of  the  moneyed 
rings,  banks,  and  corporations,  and  have  thus  shown  to  all  the  world 


NEW  CONSTITUTION  CONVENTION.  41 1 

that  they  have  sufficient  intelligence,  honor,  and  patriotism  to  preserve, 
guard,  and  protect  the  liberty  bequeathed  to  them  by  the  illustrious 
fathers  of  the  republic;  and,  whereas,  the  banded  cohorts  of  capital  are 
now  endeavoring  by  their  usual  corrupt  means  to  wrest  the  fruits  of 
the  recent  victory  of  the  people  of  this  state  from  them,  by  electing  to 
office  those  who  are  inimical  to  the  new  constitution,  for  the  purpose 
of  construing  and  administering  the  same  in  behalf  of  the  moneyed 
power,  and  against  the  rights  of  the  laboring  and  producing  classes ; 
and,  whereas,  the  opposition  to  the  new  law  was  unequalled  in  vio- 
lence, and  the  efforts  to  defeat  it  were  characterized  by  bribery  and 
coercion  theretofore  unparalleled  ;  and,  whereas,  a  constitution  can- 
not execute  itself,  but  must  be  vitalized  by  appropriate  legislation, 
and  be  enforced  by  just  interpretation  and  friendly  construction;, 
and,  whereas,  a  single  transportation  company  is  collecting  from  the 
people  an  annual  revenue  so  enormous  as  to  cripple  all  the  industries 
of  the  state ;  and,  whereas,  from  the  commencement  of  its  existence 
that  company  has  been  operating  upon  capital  furnished  entirely 
by  the  people  of  the  state  and  nation ;  and,  whereas,  the  democratic 
and  republican  party  organizations  which,  openly  professing  to  ignore 
the  subject  of  the  adoption  of  the  new  constitution,  did  in  fact  use 
the  machinery  of  those  parties  in  the  interests  of  the  enemies  of  the 
new  constitution  in  order  to  defeat  it;  and,  whereas,  the  people 
adopted  the  new  constitution  without  the  aid  of  either  the  demo- 
cratic or  republican  party  organizations ;  and,  whereas,  the  presence 
of  the  Chinese  in  California  is  an  unmitigated  evil  and  an  intolerable 
nuisance;  therefore,  be  it  resolved  : 

1.  That   the   new   constitution    embodies   principles  just  to  all, 
oppressive  to  none,  dear  to  ourselves,  and  of  untold  benefits  to  pos- 
terity. 

2.  That  the  people  of   California  would   prove   recreant  to  their 
own  interests,  false  to  their  professions  of  friendship  to  the  new 
constitution,  and  deficient  in  a  proper  spirit  of  manhood,  if  they 
were  to  submit  that  instrument  to  the  hands  of  its  enemies,  and  thus 
permit  it  to  be  strangled  in  its  infancy. 

3.  That  the  new  constitution  party,  organized  for  the  purpose  of 
releasing  the  people  from  the  oppressions  and  thralldom  of  capital  in 
California,  cannot  have,  and  is  not  intended  to  have,  any  influence 
whatever  on  the  national  politics  of  any  individual. 

4.  That  in  a  republic,  where  the  people  are  the  source  of  all  polit- 
ical power,  and  where  the  avenues  to  promotion  and  wealth  are  open 


412       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

and  free  to  all  alike,  there  is  not  and  cannot  be  any  room  for  agra- 
rianisra,  socialism,  or  communism. 

5.  That  the  new  constitution  party  will  protect  the  liberty,  labor, 
and  property  of  every  citizen,  and  that  therefore  it  commends  itself  to 
the  support  of  all. 

6.  That  the  first  legislature  elected  under  the  new  constitution 
shall  put  into  immediate  effect  the  stringent  clauses  of  that  instru- 
ment against  the  Chinese,  and  that  everything  that  can  be  done 
shall  be  done  to  make  the  Chinese  cease  coming,  and  to  cause  those 
now  here  to  speedily  depart. 

^  7.  That,  in  accordance  with  a  joint  resolution  passed  by  the  last 
legislature,  the  governor  be  urged  to  submit  to  the  people  of  the 
state,  at  the  general  election  in  September  next,  the  question  of 
Chinese  immigration  to  this  state,  and  that  whether  such  question 
be  submitted  officially  or  not,  we  hereby  recommend  that  every 
ticket  of  the  new  constitution  party  have  printed  immediately  fol- 
lowing the  names  of  the  candidates,  the  words,  " Against  Chinese 
immigration." 

8.  That  our  principles  are  embodied  in  the  new  constitution ;  that 
while  we  believe  in  the  doctrine  that  principles  and  not  men  should 
be  subserved  by  party  action,  we  cannot  safely  submit  the  execution 
of  the  instrument  that  embodies  our  principles  to  men  who  were  but 
yesterday  violently  opposed  to  them,  and  who  have  shown  no  better 
evidence  of  conversion  than  a  desire  to  hold  office. 

9.  That  the  rates  of  freights  and  fares  of  those  railroad  companies 
in  California  which  have  received  government  aid,  should  be  reduced 
at  least  one-third,  and  that  each  person  receiving  a  nomination  from 
the  new  constitution  party  for  an  office,  in  the  exercise  of  which 
and  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  establish  rates  of    charges  for  the 
transportation  of  passengers  and  freights,  shall  be  deemed  and  held 
to  be  pledged  to  carry  out  in  good  faith  the  policy  enunciated  in  this 
resolution,  and  as  far  as  possible  relieve  the  people  of  California 
from  the  extortion  and  oppression  by  those  great  corporations. 

10.  That  laws  shall  be  passed   to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions 
of  the  new  constitution,  that  all  property  shall  be  taxed  according 
to  its  value,  once  in  each  year ;  strictly  avoiding  all  species  of  double 
taxation. 

11.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  the  legislature  to  provide  for  the  elec- 
tion by  the  people,  of  all  state  and  county  officers  under  the  consti- 
tution, except  in  cases  where  their  appointment  is  specially  provided 
for  in  the  new  constitution. 


NEW  CONSTITUTION  CONVENTION. 

The  following  additional  resolution  was  adopted  : 

For  many  years  after  California  became  a  state,  mining  for  gold 
was  the  leading  industry — even  now,  it  is  the  second;  many  of  our 
most  enterprising  citizens,  as  individuals  and  as  associations  under 
incorporation  laws,  have  invested  millions  of  dollars  in  developing 
placers  and  constructing  ditches  to  enable  the  miners  to  work  the 
same;  and  with  the  foregoing  facts  in  view,  resolved: 

That  the  new  constitution  party  pledges  itself  that  it  will  stand 
firm  as  the  miners'  friend,  and  in  case  any  attempt  shall  be  made  at 
any  time  to  pass  unfriendly  legislation,  the  new  constitution  party 
will  openly  and  boldly  oppose  any  and  all  attempts  to  impinge  upon 
the  vested  rights  of  the  miners  and  ditch  owners. 

The  following  nominations  were  made : 

Hugh  J.  Glenn,  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  128, 
to  115  for  J.  V.  Webster;  Volney  E.  Howard,  John  G.  Downey, 
and  Hugh  M.  LaRue  declining. 

John  P.  West,  for  lieutenant  governor,  without  opposition ;  J.  W 
Webster,  Thomas  McOonnell,  Marion  Biggs,  O.  Wolcott,  W.  S. 
Manlove,  C.  Cole,  and  James  A.  Way  mire  declining.  West  declined 
the  nomination,  and  on  the  27th  D.  0.  Reed  was  nominated  in  his 
place,  without  opposition;  Charles  Kent,  G.  W.  Hancock,  C.  R. 
Weller,  and  Milton  Wasson  declining. 

Lauren  E.  Crane,  for  secretary  of  state,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
George  W.  Wedekind,  W.  D.  Lawton,  and  H.  M.  LaRue. 

Hugh  M.  LaRue,  for  controller,  without  opposition. 

Cyrus  Jones,  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Charles  Kent 
and  H.  Holmes. 

Charles  W.  Cross,  for  attorney-general,  without  opposition.  He 
declined  on  August  19th,  and  David  S.  Terry  was  nominated  by  the 
committee. 

F.  J.  Clark,  for  surveyor-general,  without  opposition. 

Edwin  F.  Smith,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first  bal- 
lot, over  L.  J.  Mowry. 

A.  L.  Mann,  for  school  superintendent,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  J. 
R.  Kelso  and  L.  D.  Morse. 

Nathaniel  Bennett,  for  chief  justice,  without  opposition  ;  O.  0. 
Pratt  and  David  S.  Terry  declining. 

Alexander  Campbell,  jr.,  Calhoun  Benham,  Charles  A.  Tuttle, 
John  H.  McKune,  Caleb  Dorsey,  and  John  C.  Burch,  for  associate 
justices,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  E.  W.  McKinstry,  E.  B.  Spencer,. 


414       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

A.  0.  Freeman,  J.  R.  Sharpstein,  H.  P.  Irving,  J.  H.  Budd,  A.  W. 
Thompson,  George  A.  Johnson,  0.  0.  Pratt,  0.  Cole,  James  E.  Hale, 
and  John  L.  Love. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  L.  0.  Granger, 
Charles  F.  Lott,  M.  Biggs,  jr.,  Dr.  Grattan,  Charles  Krug,  Jonas 
Spect,  W.  B.  Norman,  J.  I.  Caldwell,  D.  0.  Reed,  C.  L.  Weller, 
William  Holden,  J.  L.  Love,  J.  H.  Burke,  H.  J.  Dam,  G.  H.  Rogers, 
J.  A.  Filcher,  J.  V.  Webster,  0.  Younger,  G.  W.  Hancock,  J.  W. 
Snowball,  B.  Langford,  Charles  Kent,  B.  Shurtleff,  M.  Biggs,  and 
others. 

The  first  district  new  constitution  convention,  for  the  nomination 
of  a  candidate  for  railroad  commissioner,  met  at  Sacramento  on 
June  27th,  and  nominated  Henry  Larkin,  on  the  seventh  ballot, 
•over  J.  K  Blood,  George  W.  Hancock,  William  Holden,  and  W.  B. 
Norman. 

The  second  district  convention  met  on  the  same  day,  and  nomi- 
nated Samuel  Soule,  without  opposition;  W.  H.  Mills,  0.  A.  Stombs, 
and  George  W.  Thomas  withdrawing. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  June  26th 
and  nominated  George  Stoneman  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of 
71,  to  12  for  George  W.  Smith. 

The  first  district  equalization  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on 
June  27th  and  nominated  A.  0.  Bradford,  without  opposition. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  the  same  time  and  place, 
and  nominated  W.  M.  Crutcher  on  the  first  ballot,  over  L.  Brusie, 
Joel  Russell,  and  W.  B.  G.  Keller.  Crutcher  declined  on  July  22d, 
and  Keller  was  nominated  by  the  committee  on  August  19th. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  the  27th,  and 
nominated  John  M.  Kelley  on  the  first  ballot,  over  J.  M.  Charles. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  the  same  place  and  nomi- 
nated T.  D.  Heiskell  on  the  first  ballot,  over  C.  Younger. 

The  democratic  state  committee  held  a  meeting  at  San  Francisco, 
at  which  many  of  the  leading  members  of  the  party  were  called  in 
to  consider  the  matter  of  the  advisability  of  calling  a  state  conven- 
tion. W.  J.  Tinnin  moved  that  a  state  convention  be  called  to  meet 
at  Sacramento  on  May  27th,  to  nominate  a  state  ticket.  J.  D. 
Spencer  moved  to  substitute  San  Francisco  as  the  place  for  holding 
the  convention.  The  amendment  was  rejected,  and  the  original 
resolution  carried.  It  was  resolved  as  a  sense  of  the  confer- 
ence that  the  state  committee  should  issue  an  address  to  the 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  415 

members  of  the  party.  The  committee  met  immediately  afterward, 
and  endorsed  the  action  of  the  conference  in  reference  to  calling  the 
convention,  but  after  a  long  discussion,  failed  to  endorse  the  reso- 
lution to  issue  the  address.  On  May  14th,  the  executive  committee 
of  the  state  committee  held  a  meeting  at  San  Francisco,  at  the  sug- 
gestion of  leading  democrats  who  were  in  favor  of  postponing  the 
state  convention,  and  a  call  was  issued  for  a  meeting  of  the  state 
committee  on  the  20th.  At  that  meeting,  the  state  convention  was 
postponed  to  July  1st.  On  the  last  named  day,  the  convention  met 
at  Sacramento,  and  was  called  to  order  by  J.  0.  Maynard,  the 
secretary  of  the  state  committee.  J.  0.  Shorb  was  elected  tempo- 
rary chairman  without  opposition.  The  committee  on  resolutions 
consisted  of  James  O'Meara,  S.  M.  Taylor,  A.  J.  Bryant,  Thomas  J. 
Clunie,  W.  A.  Selkirk,  A.  B.  Dibble,  Jo  Hamilton,  W.  J.  Tinnin, 
G.  H.  Orossette,  J.  W.  Satterwhite,  L.  Archer,  J.  D.  Spencer,  and 
J.  0.  Shorb.  On  permanent  organization,  Shorb  was  president,  and 
S.  M.  Taylor,  John  0.  Hays,  G.  H.  Crossette,  and  0.  T.  Ryland, 
vice-presidents.  The  committee  reported  the  following  resolutions : 

1.  That  the  democratic  party  is  the  only  party  which  has  always 
observed,  obeyed,  and  maintained  the  federal  constitution,  and  is, 
therefore,  the  only  political  party  which  the  people  can  safely  trust 
to  administer  the  organic  law  of  the  state. 

2.  The  democratic  sentiment  is  an  indissoluble  union  of  inde- 
structible  states,    under   the    paramount  authority  of   the  federal 
constitution,  in  all  powers  which  have  not  been  reserved  by  the 
states. 

3.  That  as  suffrage  is  a  privilege  conferred  exclusively  by  the 
states,  each  state  for  itself,  agreeably  to  the  constitutionally  expressed 
will  of  the  people  thereof,  any  attempt  of  the  general  government 
to  interfere  with  the  elections  in  the  states j  or  in  any  of  them,  is 
dangerous  to  the  liberties  of  the  people  and  destructive  of  the  sacred- 
ness  of  the  elective  franchise;  and  therefore  we  condemn  as  uncon- 
stitutional and  subversive  of  the  freedom  of  the  ballot  the  odious 
laws,  of  republican  origin  and  adoption,  by  which  federal  supervisors 
of  elections  and  deputy  marshals  are  empowered  to  interfere  with 
the  registration  of  voters  at  the  polls,  and  United  States  troops  are 
stationed  at  polling  places  to  intimidate  or  disfranchise  citizens,  na- 
tive or  naturalized. 

4.  That  in  unison  with  their  party  brethren  throughout  the  re- 
public, the  democrats  of  California  denounce  the  repeated  abuses  of 


416      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA^ 

the  vetoes  by  Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  sitting  as  the  executive  officer 
of  the  government,  in  defeating  the  will  of  the  people  as  expressed 
by  congress,  in  his  rejection  of  the  bills  passed  by  that  body  to 
repeal  obnoxious  and  unconstitutional  laws  during  the  present  spec- 
ial session. 

5r  That  the  democracy  of  California  earnestly  approve  the  conduct 
of  the  democrats  in  b6th  houses  of  congress  for  their  firm  adherence 
to  the  just  determination  to  repeal  the  laws  by  which  the  rights  of 
voters  are  interfered  with,  at  the  instance  and  under  the  authority 
of  the  republican  administration,  to  the  extremity  of  depriving  citi- 
zens of  suffrage  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  elections  by  force  and 
fraud. 

6.  That  the  democracy  of  California  are  united  and  devoted  in 
support  of,  and  obedience  to  the  new  constitution,  and  maintain  it 
as  a  sacred  duty  to  administer  the  state  government  in  strict  and 
unqualified  accordance  with  the  spirit  and  letter  of  that  instrument. 

7.  That  the  democratic  party  is  pledged  by  its  principles  and 
immemorial  usages  to  reform,  retrenchment,  and  the  utmost  economy 
compatible  with  good  government,  in  the  administration  of  public 
affairs  ;  that  it  adheres  to  the  cardinal  doctrines  of  its  founders,  that 
taxation  and   representation   should    go  together;  that  the  lowest 
practicable   tax-rate   commensurate    with   the    expenses    of    state, 
should  be  levied,  and  taxation  should  be  equally  and  justly  imposed 
on  all  property,  to  the  end  that  one  class  shall  not  be  burdened  with 
the  taxes  fairly  due  from  another,  and  that  no  exemption  of  tax 
should  be  allowed  to  capital  which  is  withheld  from  other  species  of 
property. 

,  8.  That  the  democrats  of  California  were  the  first  in  the  early 
establishment  of  the  state  government  to  proclaim  antagonism  to 
Chinese  immigration  and  coolie  cheap  labor ;  that  it  was  under  a 
republican  administration  the  Burlingame  treaty  was  made,  by 
which  Chinese  were  admitted  to  the  rights  and  privileges  accorded 
to  immigrants  from  Europe ;  that  it  was  a  republican  occupant  of 
the  presidential  chair  who  vetoed  the  bill  passed  by  a  democratic 
congress  to  prohibit  the  further  immigration  of  Mongolians,  and 
that  the  republican  minority  in  congress  prevented  the  passage  of 
the  bill  over  the  veto ;  and  that,  therefore,  it  is  only  to  the  demo- 
cratic party  the  people  can  confidently  look  to  secure  legislation  that 
shall  abate  and  abolish  the  evil  and  curse  of  coolie  importation,, 
which  cripples  trade  and  palsies  the  arm  of  white  labor. 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  417 

9.  That  the  democrats  of  California  approve  the  action  of  the 
democrats  in  congress  who  secured  the  passage  of  the  Thurman  bill, 
by  which  the  Pacific  railroads  are  compelled  to  pay  to  the  government 
the  just  share  of  interest  annually  due  from  them  upon  the  bonds, 
agreeably  to  the  terms  of  the  charters  granted  to  the  respective  com- 
panies. 

10.  That  the  railroad  and  other  transportation  corporations  in 
California  should  be  subject  to  state  regulation  of  rates  for  passen- 
gers and  freight  in  order  that  a  material  reduction  should  be  made ; 
that   unjust   and    discriminating    rates    shall    not   be   imposed    or 
extorted,  and  that  the  enforcement  of  the  reduction  should  partic- 
ularly apply  to  the  railroads  which  have  been  subsidized. 

11.  That  mining,  as  the   original  and  still  a  very  important  in- 
terest of  California,  is  entitled  to  the  fostering  care,  and  should  be 
fostered  and  receive  the  fullest   protection  from  the  state  govern- 
ment, and  the  property  and  possessions  of  all  engaged  in  mining  en- 
terprises should  be  guarded  by  the  legislative,  judicial  and  executive 
departments  of  the  state  and  federal  governments. 

12.  That  the  large  reduction   of  expenditures  in  the  public  ser- 
vice in  the  administration  of  the  state  government  during  the  past 
four  years  under  democratic  management,  at  this  time  of  general 
depression  in  trade  and  labor,  especially  commend  to  the  people  of 
this  commonwealth  the  election  of  the  candidates  of  the  democratic 
party  at  the  coming  election  to  administer  the  state  government  for 
the  ensuing  constitutional  term. 

The  resolutions  were  adopted  without  opposition.  On  the  2d,  a 
motion  was  made  by  W.  M.  Cutter  to  reconsider  the  vote  by  which 
the  platform  had  been  adopted,  in  order  to  strike  out  the  eleventh 
resolution,  but  it  was  lost.  Mr.  Pearce  offered  the  following : 

That  no  candidate  shall  be  deemed  eligible  to  the  nomination  of 
this  convention  who  is  now  affiliating  with  any  political  organization 
in  opposition  or  antagonistic  to  the  democratic  party. 

This  resolution  created  considerable  excitement,  and  was  finally 
lost  by  a  vote  of  290  to  67.  A  state  committee  was  selected,  con- 
sisting of  W.  D.  English,  John  H.  Wise,  Frank  P.  Baldwin,  R.  D. 
Stephens,  0.  W.  Taylor,  W.  S.  Green,  A.  B.  Dibble,  Warren  B. 
English,  Christopher  Buckley,  T.  L.  Thompson,  Philip  A.  Roach,  A. 
J.  Bryant,  J.  P.  Hoge,  W.  T.  Coleman  and  others. 

27 


418      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  committee  on  resolutions  reported  the  following  as  a  substi- 
tute for  the  eleventh  resolution,  and  it  was  adopted  : 

That  mining  and  agriculture,  as  the  foreshadowing  interests  of 
California,  should  equally  receive  the  fullest  protection  from  the 
state  government,  and  the  property  and  possessions  of  all  engaged  in 
either  pursuit  should  be  carefully  guarded  by  the  legislative,  judicial 
and  executive  departments  of  both  the  state  and  federal  govern- 
ments. 

The  following  nominations  were  made : 

Hugh  J.  Glenn  for  governor,  without  opposition. 

Levi  Chase  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote 
of  181  to  173  for  J.  D.  Lynch;  A.  B.  Dibble  and  J.  W.  Satter- 
white  declining. 

W.  J.  Tinnin  for  secretary  of  state,  without  opposition;  Thomas 
Beck  and  W.  B.  0.  Brown  withdrawing. 

G.  T.  Pauli  for  treasurer,  without  opposition;  J.  G.  Estudillo, 
George  Pearce  and  Thomas  Fowler  withdrawing.  Pauli  afterward 
declined,  and  on  August  13th  the  state  committee  nominated  A.  G. 
Escandon. 

W.  B.  0.  Brown  for  controller,  without  opposition, 

William  Minis  for  surveyor-general,  without  opposition. 

Jo  Hamilton  for  attorney-general,  without  opposition. 

H.  0.  Gesford  for  school  superintendent,  without  opposition;  W. 
M.  Cutter  and  A.  L.  Mann  withdrawing. 

D.  B.  Woolf  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  without  opposition. 

Robert  F.  Morrison  for  chief  justice,  without  opposition. 

S.  B.  McKee,  E.  M.  Ross,  E.  W.  McKinstry,  T.  B.  Reardan, 
Thomas  P.  Stoney  and  J.  D.  Thornton  for  justices  of  the  supreme 
court,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Joseph  A.  Moultrie,  S.  Heydenfeldt, 
Jr.,  J.  B.  Campbell  and  J.  R.  Sharpstein.  Reardan  afterward  de- 
clined, and  on  August  13th  the  state  committee  nominated  Sharp- 
stein  in  his  place. 

Immediately  after  the  nomination  of  Glenn,  Cutter  offered  the 
following,  which  created  a  wild  excitement,  but  was  finally  adopted 
by  a  vote  of  198  to  148 : 

That  no  candidate,  except  for  a  judicial  office,  shall  hereafter  re- 
ceive a  nomination  at  the  hands  of  this  convention  who  has  accepted 
a  nomination  from  anv  other  state  convention. 


DISTRICT  DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTIONS.  419 

The  first  district  democratic  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on 
July  3d,  and  nominated  G.  J.  Carpenter  for  railroad  commissioner, 
on  the  first  ballot,  over  Henry  Wilson,  John  T.  Dare,  and  A.  L.  Nott. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  July  14th, 
and  nominated  George  W.  Thomas,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Frank 
G.  Edwards  and  William  Corcoran. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  July  2d,  and 
nominated  George  Stoneman,  without  opposition. 

The  first  district  democratic  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on 
August  5th,  and  nominated  A.  0.  Bradford  for  member  of  the  board 
of  equalization,  without  opposition. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  July  2d,  and 
nominated  Charles  H.  Randall,  without  opposition. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  July  2d,  and 
nominated  C.  E.  Wilcoxen,  without  opposition;  T.  B.  Bond  and 
W.  H.  DeJarnett  withdrawing. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  on  the  same  day,  and  nomi- 
nated T.  D.  Heiskell,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Brice  Grimes  and 
T.  D.  Harp. 

The  first  district  democratic  congressional  convention  met  at  San 
Francisco  on  August  5th,  and  nominated  Robert  Ferral,  without 
opposition.  He  declined,  and  on  the  19th  the  convention  again  met 
and  in  like  manner  nominated  Charles  A.  Sumner. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  July  2d,  and 
nominated  Thomas  J.  Olunie,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  45,  to 
31  for  Charles  H.  Randall. 

The  third  district  convention  met  on  the  same  day,  and  on  the  first 
ballot,  nominated  C.  P.  Berry,  by  a  vote  of  52,  to  37  for  Barclay 
Henley,  and  14  for  J.  K.  Luttrell. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  on  the  same  day,  and  nomi- 
nated Wallace  Leach,  without  opposition. 

On  May  28th,  a  meeting  was  held  at  Sacramento,  and  a  call  was 
issued  for  a  prohibition  convention  to  meet  at  San  Francisco  on 
July  16th.  The  convention  was  called  to  order  by  M.  C.  Win- 
chester, who  was  elected  president. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  : 

A.  G.  Clark,  for  governor. 

George  Bramall,  for  lieutenant-governor. 


420      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

A.  A.  Smith,  for  secretary  of  state. 

M.  G.  Winchester,  for  controller. 

W.  0.  Clark,  for  treasurer. 

Charles  W.  Cross,  for  attorney-general. 

J.  W.  Shanklin,  for  surveyor-general. 

S.  N.  Burch,  for  school  superintendent. 

D.  B.  Woolf,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court. 

A.  L.  Rhodes,  for  chief  justice. 

J.  D.  Thornton,  S.  B.  McKee,  M.  H.  Myrick,  J.  H.  McKune, 
Thomas  P.  Stoney,  and  Charles  A.  Tuttle,  for  associate  justices. 
Afterward,  McKune  declined,  and  James  E.  Hale  was  nominated 
in  his  stead. 

For  members  of  the  board  of  equalization,  A.  0.  Bradford  was 
nominated  in  the  first  district ;  W.  M.  Orutcher,  in  the  second  ; 
John  M.  Kelley,  in  the  third ;  and  James  A.  Clayton,  in  the  fourth. 

For  railroad  commissioners,  G.  J.  Carpenter,  in  the  first ;  T.  G. 
Phelps,  in  the  second ;  and  George  Stoneman,  in  the  third. 

On  August  30th,  the  central  committee  of  the  prohibition  party 
withdrew  the  ticket  from  the  field. 

In  July,  meetings  were  held  in  San  Francisco  of  the  state  central 
committees  of  the  new  constitution  and  democratic  parties  with  a 
view  of  attempting  to  consolidate  their  state  tickets,  and  on  the 
15th,  the  democratic  committee  determined  to  make  no  change. 

o 

About  that  time,  the  new  constitution  committee  considered  the 
question  of  the  advisability  of  taking  Glenn  from  their  ticket,  but 
they  decided  to  let  him  remain.  The  next  day  the  democratic  com- 
mittee considered  the  same  proposition,  and  Glenn  was  called  before 
them.  He  stated  that  he  had  been  nominated  by  the  new  constitu- 
tion party  first,  and  that  in  justice  he  was  compelled  to  support  that 
ticket  and  the  platform  of  that  party.  The  democratic  committee,  by 
a  vote  of  16  to  10,  determined  not  to  take  his  name  from  the  ticket. 

On  June  18th,  Rev.  I.  S.  Kallock  was  nominated  by  the  working- 
men  for  the  office  of  mayor  of  San  Francisco.  During  the  campaign, 
he  was  attacked  by  the  San  Francisco  Chronicle,  and  the  affair  grew 
into  a  personal  discussion  of  the  characters  of  himself  and  the  pro- 
prietors of  the  paper.  On  August  23d,  Charles  De  Young,  one  of  the 
owners  of  the  paper,  shot  and  seriously  wounded  Kallock  in  front  of 
the  Metropolitan  Temple.  The  assault  created  intense  excitement, 
and  it  was  feared  that  mob  action  would  be  taken  by  the  working- 


RESULT  OF  ELECTION,  421 

men.  Kallock  was  elected  by  a  large  majority.  The  feeling  between 
the  parties  remained,  however,  and  on  April  23,  1880,  Charles  De 
Young  was  shot  and  killed  in  his  own  office  by  I.  M.  Kallock,  the 
son  of  the  mayor.  Young  Kallock  was  afterward  tried  for  murder 
and  acquitted. 

The  election  was  held  in  September,  1879,  and  the  official  canvass 
developed  the  following  result:  For  governor,  Perkins  received  67,- 
965  votes;  Glenn,  47,647;  White,  44,482;  Clark,  119.  For  lieu- 
tenant-governor, Mansfield,  67.284 ;' Andrus,  42,405;  Chase,  31,226  ; 
Reed,  19,933  ;  Bramall,  78.  For  secretary  of  state,  Burns,  67,666; 
Smith,  41,045;  Tinnin,  32.128;  Crane,  19,926.  For  controller, 
Kenfield,  67,390;  Jones,  40,837;  Brown,  32,193;  LaRue,  21,030; 
Winchester,  86.  For  treasurer,  Weil,  67,791  ;  L.  B.  Clark,  40,905; 
Escandon,  30,193;  Jones,  20,034;  Pauli,  1,009;  W.  O.  Clark,  66; 
E.  W.  Masliii,  23.  For  attorney-general,  Hart,  66,937 ;  Cross,  40,- 
628;  Hamilton,  28,904;  Terry,  23,079.  For  surveyor-general, 
Shanklin,  67,166;  Stevenson,  41,226;  Minis,  32,291;  Clark,  20,- 
080.  For  school  superintendent,  Campbell,  67,293  ;  Burch,  40,798  ; 
Gesford,  31,627;  Mann,  20,997.  For  supreme  court  clerk,  Gross, 
64,632;  Thornton,  40,744;  Woolf,  35,221;  Smith,  20,363.  For 
chief  justice,  Morrison,  72,588;  Rhodes,  68,226;  Bennett,  19,906. 
For  associate  justices,  McKinstry,  79,987  ;  Thornton,  78,229  ;  Mc- 
Kee,  75,879;  Ross,  72,372;  Sharpstein,  70,115;  Myrick,  68,234; 
Belcher  67,592;  Catlin,  66,397;  Hale,  66,210;  Wheeler,  65,367; 
Richards,  60,556;  Buck,  41,894;  Stoney,  31,660;  Dorsey,  20,888; 
Campbell,  20,784;  Tuttle,  20,216;  Benham,  20,192;  McKune,  20,- 
114;  Burch,  20,076;  C.  Williams,  1,191.  For  members  of  the 
board  of  equalization — First  district,  King,  18,996  ;  Hoagland,  18,- 
442  ;  Bradford,  3,947.  Second  district,  Drew,  18,343  ;  Keller,  13,- 
843;  Randall,  6,290.  Third  district,  Dutton,  16,023;  Wilcoxson, 
12,318;  Kelley,  7,369;  Cavanaugh,  5,370.  Fourth  district,  Heis- 
kell,  16,716;  Clayton,  13,507;  Chubb,  8,485.  For  railroad  com- 
missioners—First  district,  Cone,  22,829;  Larkin,  22,374;  Carpenter, 
14,526.  Second  district,  Beerstecher,  20,207;  Phelps,  18,033; 
Soule,  3,519  ;  Thomas,  2,523.  Third  district,  Stoneman,  35,518; 
Phillips,  19,410.  For  congressmen— First  district,  Davis,  20,074; 
Barbour,  18,449;  Sumner,  2,940.  Second  district,  Page,  19,386; 
Clunie,  12,847;  Williams,  5,139.  Third  district,  Berry,  20,019; 
McKenna,  19,830;  Elliott,  121.  Fourth  district,  Pacheco,  15,385; 
Leach,  12,109  ;  Ayers,  10,528. 


422       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 
CHAPTER  XXX. 

188O — Democratic  Convention — Workingmen's  Convention — Republi- 
can Convention,  April  zgih — Prohibition  Convention — Greenback 
Convention — Republican  Convention,  August  nth. 

The  democratic  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco,  on  April 
14th,  and  called  a  state  convention,  to  meet  in  Oakland,  on  May 
19th,  to  select  twelve  delegates  to  the  national  convention  to  meet 
at  Cincinnati  on  June  22d.  When  the  convention  met  it  was  called 
to  order  by  A.  J.  Bryant,  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  Samuel 
M.  Wilson  and  W.  J.  Tinnin  were  nominated  for  temporary  chair- 
man, and  Wilson  was  elected  by  a  vote  of  212|  to  123J  for  Tinnin. 
On  permanent  organization,  Wilson  was  president,  and  Tinnin  vice- 
president.  The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of  Geo.  Pearce, 
J.  A.  Filcher,  James  O'Meara,  J.  W.  Gaily,  S.  M.  White,  Wallace 
Leach,  F.  T.  Baldwin,  and  others.  On  the  20th,  a  state  central 
committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  John  H.  Wise,  Robt.  Tobin, 
F.  G.  Newlands,  Gus  Reis,  Peter  Hopkins.  Niles  Searls,  Paul  Shir- 
ley, W.  A.  Selkirk,  W.  D.  English,  Clay  W.  Taylor,  J.  K.  Dollison, 
Dennis  Spencer,  J.  D.  Spencer,  Philip  A.  Roach,  Stuart  M.  Taylor, 
William  Blanding,  J.  C.  Wolfskill,  and  others.  The  roll  was  called 
to  ascertain  the  preference  of  the  convention  for  the  presidential 
candidate,  and  Thurman  received  133  votes;  Tilden,  97;  Seymour, 
95;  Field,  2;  Hancock,  2;  and  Hendricks,  1.  Thurman  was  there- 
fore declared  to  be  the  choice  of  the  convention.  On  the  21st,  the 
following  were  selected  as  delegates  to  the  national  convention : 
First  district,  W.  P.  Frost,  John  Foley,  and  J.  B.  Metcalfe.  Sec- 
ond district,  J.  E.  McElrath,  G.  H.  Cassell,  and  R.  D.  Stephens. 
Third  district,  Thomas  L.  Thompson,  Andrew  Stevenson,  and  W.  0. 
Hendricks.  Fourth  district.  C.  H.  Maddox,  Jesse  D.  Carr,  and 
Wallace  Woodworth.  For  presidential  electors  at  large,  William  T. 
Wallace  and  David  S.  Terry  were  nominated  without  opposition ; 
and  J.  Campbell  Shorb  from  the  first  district,  W.  B.  C.  Brown  from 
the  second  district,  Barclay  Henley  from  the  third  district,  and  R. 
F.  Del  Valle  from  the  fourth  district,  were  also  nominated  without 
opposition.  For  alternate  electors  at  large  Thomas  B.  Bishop  and  P. 
F.  Walsh  were  nominated  without  opposition,  Charles  A.  Sumner  and 
S.  M.  White  declining.  Cameron  H.  King  from  the  first  district,  A. 
Caminetti  from  the  second  district,  J.  H.  Seawell  from  the  third 
district  and  R.  H.  Ward  from  the  fourth  district  were  also  nomi- 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  423 

nated  without  opposition.     The  committee  on  resolutions  reported 
the  following,  which  were  adopted  : 

1.  We  affirm  our  fidelity   to  the  principles  enunciated  by  the 
democratic  convention  of  St.  Louis  in  1876, 

2.  We  denounce  the  fraud   by   which   R.  B.  Hayes  and  W.  A. 
Wheeler  were  declared  president  and  vice-president  of  the  United 
States,  and    the   fairly    elected  candidates,  Samuel    J.  Tilden    and 
Thomas  A.  Hendricks  counted  out. 

3.  We  declare  that  among  the  leading  issues  of  the  campaign  are 
the  vindication  of  the  right  of  the  people   to  self-government;  the 
condemnation  of  the  crime  against  the  ballot  committed  four  years 
ago;  resistance    to   imperialism,  the   maintaining   of   the   reserved 
rights  of  the  states,  and  opposition  to  Chinese  immigration. 

4.  That  the  drift  of  the  republican  party  toward  empire,  through 
the  oppressive  concentration  of  capital,  is  a  fraud  upon  the  voting 
masses  and  an  insult  to  the  men  who  carry  the  guns  in  defense  of 
our  liberties. 

5.  We  affirm  our  devotion  to  the  union,  deprecate  all  sectionalism, 
hold  the  republican  party  responsible  for  the  agitation  of  dead  issues, 
and  regard  the  preservation  of  local  self-government  as  necessary  to 
the  perpetuation  of  the  republic. 

6.  That   we  favor    continual  lawful  agitation   of  the  subject  of 
Mongolian  immigration  to  this  country  until  the  federal  government 
is  moved  to  so  modify  our  treaties  with  the  Chinese  empire  as  to  pro- 
hibit it,  and  thus  save  those  of  our  fellow-citizens  who  depend  upon 
labor  for  support  from  unjust  and  degrading  competition.      We  con- 
demn and  denounce  the  veto   of  R.    B.   Hayes  of  the  bill  limiting 
Chinese  immigration  to  the  United  States,  and  declare  that  there  is 
no  relief  from  the  scourge  except  through  a  democratic  administra- 
tion. 

7.  That  we   regard    with    alarm    the    doctrine    of   centralization 
recently   announced     by    the   republican   majority  of   the   supreme 
court  of  the  United  States  as  having  been  made  in  the  interest  of 
party  and  intended   to   blot  out  the  last  vestige  of  state  rights  and 
change  the  federal  union  to  an  empire. 

8.  That  the   labor   of  the   country  is  its    capital,   and    deserves 
the   protection  and  guardianship  of   our  governments — state   and 
federal.   • 

9.  We  impose  no  instructions  upon  our  delegates  to  the  conven- 
tion to  meet  at  Cincinnati,  save  and  except  to  vote  for  the  retention 


424       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

of  the  so-called  "two-thirds  rule"  in  nominating  candidates  for  presi- 
dent and  vice-president,  and  to  vote  as  a  unit  in  accordance  with 
the  will  of  the  majority  of  the  delegation  from  this  state ;  and  con- 
fident in  the  collective  wisdom  of  the  democratic  national  conven- 
tion, we  pledge  in  advance  to  their  nominees  the  electoral  vote  of 
California  in  November,  1880. 

The  first  district  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  September 
20th.  Wm.  S.  Rosecrans,  Charles  A.  Sumner,  Robt.  Ferral  and  John 
S.  Enos  were  named  for  congressman.  Fifteen  ballots  were  taken 
without  result,  and  an  adjournment  was  had  to  the  27th,  when 
Rosecrans  was  nominated  on  the  first  ballot. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  August 
21st,  and  nominated  John  R.  Glascock,  on  the  first  ballot,  over 
Charles  W.  Cross;  Thos.  J.  Olunie  withdrawing. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  May  20th, 
and  nominated  C.  P.  Berry,  without  opposition. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  Los  Angeles  on  August  4th, 
and  nominated  Wallace  Leach,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  L.  J.  Rose, 
J.  W.  Satterwhite,  and  P.  B.  Tally. 

On  May  2d,  the  ward  presidents  of  the  workingmen's  party  met 
at  San  Francisco  and  called  a  state  convention,  to  meet  in  that  city 
on  the  17th,  to  choose  delegates  to  attend  the  national  greenback  con- 
vention, which  was  to  meet  in  Chicago  on  June  9th.  The  convention 
was  called  to  order  by  H.  W.  Smith,  the  vice-president  of  the  party, 
and  143  delegates  were  present.  B.  Pilkington  was  elected  chair- 
man. On  the  18th,  the  committee  on  platform  submitted  a  lengthy 
report  of  resolutions  similar  to  those  which  had  been  adopted  by 
prior  state  conventions  of  the  party.  A  resolution  was  carried  by  a 
vote  of  60  to  41  in  favor  of  Thurman  as  the  presidential  candidate. 
On  the  19th,  the  convention  split,  and  each  branch  selected  a  set 
of  delegates  to  attend  the  national  convention. 

The  first  republican  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  April 
29th,  and  was  called  to  order  by  W.  W.  Morrow,  the  chairman  of 
the  state  committee.  George  F.  Baker  was  elected  temporary  chair- 
man, without  opposition,  and  was  afterward  chosen  president.  The 
committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of  Grove  L.  Johnson,  John  W. 
Cherry,  George  Barstow,  W.  A.  Stuart,  B.  J.  Watson,  John  A. 
Eagon,  Wm.  Sharkey,  0.  W.  Craig,  W.  A.  Cheney,  C.  Rowell, 
B.  C.  Whiting,  and  others.  They  reported  the  following: 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  425 

The  republicans  of  California,  in  state  convention  assembled,  as 
expressive  of  their  views,  do  hereby  resolve : 

1.  That  they  reaffirm  their  adherence  to  the  republican  national 
platform  of  1876,  and  the  California  republican  state  platform  of 
1879. 

2.  That  the  policy  of  resumption  which  has  made  the  greenback 
of  war  days  equal  to  gold  in  days  of  peace  should  be  maintained. 

3.  That  the  amendments  to  the  federal  constitution,  and  all  laws 
passed  in  pursuance  thereof,  should  be  sacredly  and  jealously  main- 
tained and  enforced,  so  that  every  citizen  of  the  United  States,  re- 
gardless of  color  or  condition,  shall  be  protected  in  all  his  rights, 
and  a  full,  free,  and  fair  election  be  held  in  all  the  states  of  the 
union. 

4.  That  the  free  public  schools  should  be  guarded  and  fostered  by 
all  the  appliances  within  reach  of  the  state  and  national  govern- 
ments, to  the  end  that  the  children  of  all  may  be  educated  to  know, 
and  thereby  to  enjoy  and  perform,  their  full  duties  and  privileges  as 
American  citizens. 

5.  That  all  peaceful  measures  should  be  used  to  prevent  the  fur- 
ther immigration  of  Chinese  into  the  United  States,  and  to  rid  the 
country  of  those  now  here. 

6.  That  we  will   cordially  support  the  nominees  of  the  republican 
national  convention,  whoever  they  may  be;  but  we  know  that  the 
six  electoral  votes  of  our  state  are  certain  to  be  given  for  the  repub- 
lican ticket  if   James   G.   Elaine  be  nominated,   wherefore  we   do 
hereby  instruct  our  delegates  to  the  republican  national  convention 
to  vote  as  a  unit — first,  last,  and  all  the  time — for  James  G.  Elaine, 
and  to  use  all  honorable  means  to  secure  his  nomination  for  presi- 
dent of  the  United  States. 

A  motion  was  made  to  amend  the  sixth  resolution  by  adding, 
"until  his  name  is  withdrawn  from  the  convention,  when  the  dele- 
gates from  California  shall  vote  as  a  unit  for  the  candidate  of  the 
majority  of  the  delegation."  The  amendment  was  lost,  by  a  vote  of 
122  to  124,  and  the  resolutions  as  reported  were  adopted.  Resolu- 
lutions  were  also  adopted  that  all  candidates  for  delegates  or  alter- 
nates be  pledged  to  carry  out  the  sixth  resolution ;  instructing  the 
delegates  to  urge  the  insertion  of  a  plank  in  the  national  platform 
pledging  the  party  to  opposition  to  Chinese  immigration;  and  that 
no  proxies  from  the  state  be  allowed  in  the  national  convention,  and 
that  the  delegation  cast  the  vote  of  any  absentee. 


426       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  following  were  selected  as  delegates  to  attend  the  national 
convention  :  First  district — J.  C.  Wilmerding,  Samuel  Mosgrove,  and 
Alexander  D.  Sharon.  Second  district — Creed  Haymond,  S.  Huff, 
and  J.  K.  Doak.  Third  district — H.  T.  Fairbanks,  Joseph  Russ, 
and  E.  A.  Davis.  Fourth  district — John  Mansfield,  D.  S.  Payne, 
and  F.  M.  Pixley.  The  following  were  selected  as  alternate  delegates  : 
First  district — C.  Mason  Kinne,  George  A.  Fisher,  and  F.  J.  French. 
Second  district — J.  R.  Johns,  James  Foster,  and  J.  A.  Benton. 
Third  district— John  V.  Scott,  Frank  A.  Leach,  and  S.  G.  Hilborn. 
Fourth  district — William  M.  Smith,  Charles  Sherman,  and  J.  P. 
Stearns.  A  resolution  was  adopted  favoring  Newton  Booth  as  the 
nominee  for  vice-president. 

The  state  central  committee  of  the  prohibition  party  met  at  Oak- 
land on  July  17th,  and  nominated  for  presidential  electors:  J.  W. 
Webb  and  George  Bramall  at-large,  G.  W.  Cold  well  from  the 
first  district,  W.  O.  Clark  from  the  second,  M.  C.  Winchester 
from  the  third,  and  Jesse  Yarnell  from  the  fourth.  Yarnell 
afterward  withdrew,  and  John  Woods  was  nominated  in  his 
place.  For  congressmen,  F.  A.  Sawyer  was  nominated  for  the 
second  district,  A.  G.  Clark  for  the  third,  and  W.  H.  Wheeler  for 
the  fourth. 

The  state  convention  of  the  national  greenback  labor  party  met  at 
San  Francisco  July  21st,  to  nominate  electors  and  congressmen,  and 
to  perfect  the  organization  of  the  party.  As  a  precaution  against 
the  admission  of  obnoxious  characters,  cards  of  admission  were  issued 
to  the  delegates,  two  of  whom  were  women.  Silas  Selleck  called  the 
convention  to  order,  and  L.  M.  Manzer  was  chosen  president.  The 
following  platform  was  adopted  : 

1.  That  this  convention  cordially  indorses  the  platform  and  reso- 
lutions of  the  Chicago  convention,  and  the  nomination  of  James  B. 
Weaver,  of  Iowa,  as  president,  and  Benjamin  J.  Chambers,  of  Texas, 
as  vice-president. 

2.  That  congress  has  no  constitutional  right  to  grant  the  public 
lands  to  corporations. 

3.  We  declare  that  land,  light,  air,  and  water  are  the  free  gifts  of 
nature  to  all  mankind ;  and  any  law  or  custom  of  society  that  allows 
any  person  to  monopolize  more  of  these  gifts  than  he  has  a  right  tor 
to  the  detriment  of  the  rights  of  others,  we  earnestly  condemn  and 
seek  to  abolish. 


NATIONAL   GREENBACK  PARTY.  427 

4.  In  all  cases  where  either  the  congress  of  the  United  States  or 
the  legislatures  of  the  several  states  have  made  grants  to  corpor- 
ations or  private  persons,  predicated  on  contingences  to  happen,  by 
reason  of  something  to  be  done  by  the  beneficiary  under  the  grant, 
and  tiie  beneficiary  has  neglected  to  comply  with  the  conditions  thus 
imposed,  the  grants  themselves  should   be  declared  forfeited  by  the 
powers  making  them. 

In  the  opinion  of  this  convention,  the  grants  made  to  the  South- 
ern Pacific  railroad,  and  the  Atlantic  Pacific  railroad  have  been 
disregarded  by  the  beneficiaries  thereunder,  and  should  be  declared 
forfeited  at  the  next  congress,  and  the  land  thrown  open  for  pre- 
emption and  actual  settlement. 

5.  That  in  our  legislative  bodies  all  political  opinions  should  be 
represented  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  those  who  hold  them, 
regardless  of  district  or  ward  lines,  thus  avoiding  party  mechanisms, 
which  not  only  do  not  express,  but  in  effect  nullify  the  will  of  the 
people.     That  as  our  law-making  bodies  do  not  in  fact  represent  any 
considerable  number  of  their  nominal  constituents,  but  merely  a  few 
politicians  and  their  monopolistic  ring  masters,  the  laws  which  they 
enact,  when  unjust,  are  not  morally  binding,  because,  "governments 
derive  all  their  just  power  from  the  consent  of  the  governed"  and 
not  from  their  mere  acquiescence. 

6.  That  suffrage  is  a  right  inherent  in  citizenship  and  not  a  mere 
privilege  to  be  granted  or  withheld  at  the  pleasure  of  the  party  in 
power. 

7.  That  the  possession  and  control  of  the  public  highways  by  private 
individuals  or  corporations  is  contrary  to  democratic  principles,  and 
inimical  to  national  prosperity. 

8.  That  the  state  has  a  right  to  so  control  its  educational  system 
as  to  insure  and  compel  the  efficient  education  of  all  children  in  the 
branches  of  learning  and  industrial  pursuits.     All  children  must  be 
educated  alike,  and  all  the  expense  must  be  borne  by  the  state. 

9.  We  demand  a  national  paper  money,  a  full  legal  tender  for  all 
money  payments. 

10.  The  prohibition  of  banks  of  issue,  and  the  abolishment  of  the 
national  banking  system. 

11.  The  payment  of  the  bonded  debt  of  the  United  States,  and 
that  no  further  refunding  of  the  same  be  authorized  or  permitted. 

12.  That  no  discrimination  be  made  between  gold  and  silver  in 
the  freedom  and  facilities  afforded  for  coinage. 


428      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

13.  That  Chinese  immigration  be   prohibited  by  law,  and  that 
those  who  are  already  here  shall  not  be  admitted  to  citizenship. 
That  if  any  commercial  treaty  is  maintained  with  China,  it  shall 
provide  that  the  number  of  Chinese,  of  any  given  occupation  resid- 
ing in  the  United  States,  shall  at  no  time  exceed  the  number  of  our 
citizens  of  the  same  occupation  residing  in  China.     That   in  the 
absence  of  such  enactments,  the  laws  and  courts  of  and  in  this  state 
should  not  be  used  to  force  Asiatic  barbarism,  with  all  its  attending 
horrors,  on  the  people  of  this  state,  in  defiance  of  their  nearly  unani- 
mous vote. 

14.  That  the  "specific  contract  laws"  of  this  state  be  repealed, 
and  that  all  contracts  or  obligations  for  the  payment  of  "dollars"  be 
solvable  in  any  lawful  money  of  the  United  States. 

15.  That  the  federal  government  issue  a  loan,  by  way  of  direct 
loans  on  landed  surety,  a  volume  of  money  at  three  per  cent,  per 
annum,  one  per  cent,  of  which  shall  be  paid  into  the  county  treasury 
of  the  county  where  the  land  is  situated,  one  per  cent,  into  the  sink- 
ing fund  of  the  state,  and  one  per  cent,  into  the  sinking  fund  of  the 
federal  government. 

16.  That  the  government  shall  issue  money  to  the  people,  on  good 
security,  at  a  rate  of  interest  that  shall  not  exceed  the  cost  of  the 
issuance  thereof. 

17.  That  the  government  furnish  the  means  for  indigent  families 
to  go  upon  the  public  lands  and  build  houses  and  stock  and  culti- 
vate their  farms,  and  also  furnish  the  means  to  laboring  operatives 
to  establish  co-operative  industrial  enterprises. 

For  presidential  electors,  F.  P.  Dann  and  J.  E.  Clark  were  nomi- 
nated at  large.  L.  M.  Manzer  from  the  first  district,  J.  H.  Red- 
stone from  the  second,  George  T.  Elliott  from  the  third,  and  T.  J. 
McQuiddy  from  the  fourth.  James  Kidney  was  nominated  for 
alternate  from  the  first  district,  B.  K.  Low  from  the  second,  W. 
Ayres  from  the  third,  and  W.  Jackson  from  the  fourth. 

For  congressmen,  Stephen  Maybell  was  nominated  from  the  first 
district,  Benjamin  Todd  from  the  second,  A.  Mussleman  from  the 
third,  and  J.  F.  Godfrey  from  the  fourth.  Todd  died  October  29, 
1880. 

The  second  republican  state  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on 
August  llth,  and  was  called  to  order  by  W.  W.  Morrow.  Charles 
N.  Fox  was  elected  president,  without  opposition.  The  committee 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  429 

on  resolutions  consisted  of  T.  B.  McFarland,  L.  B.  Mizner,  George  F. 
Baker,  John  H.  Dickinson,  M.  D.  -Boruck,  H.  T.  Dorrance,  E.  W. 
Roberts,  A.  P.  Whitney,  F.  M.  Pixley,  Calvin  Edgerton,  G.  G. 
Blanchard,  G.  W.  Tyler,  0.  W.  Hollenbeck,  and  David  McClure. 
They  submitted  the  following,  which  were  adopted  : 

1.  That  we  adopt  and  affirm  the  principles  so  clearly  set  forth  in 
the  platform  adopted  by  the  national  republican  convention  recently 
assembled  at  Chicago. 

2.  That   we   recognize    in    James   A.   Garfield  and   Chester   A. 
.Arthur  honest  and   representative  citizens  of  our  nation,  able  and 

intelligent  exponents  of  the  principles  of  the  republican  party,  and 
that  their  election  will  be  a  triumph  of  those  principles  upon  which 
our  national  existence  and  industrial  prosperity  depends. 

3.  That  in  the  most  emphatic  manner  we  declare  that  the  pres- 
ence of  Chinese  laborers  upon  this  continent  is  detrimental  to  the 
best  interests   of  the  American   people.     That   their  immigration 
should  be  prohibited,  and  to  that  end  that  the  Burlingame  treaty 
should  be  abrogated,  and  that  congress  should  pass  such  laws  as  will 
prevent  the  further  immigration  of  Chinese  to  this  coast.     We  in- 
dorse and  approve  the  act  of  President  Hayes  in  the  appointment  of 
a  commission  to  the  government  of  China  for  the  purpose  of  modify- 
ing the  Burlingame   treaty.     We   especially  indorse  and  approve 
that  part  of  the  national  republican  platform  that  opposes  Chinese 
immigration,  and  thus  declares  the  question  to  be  one  of  national  im- 
portance.    That  we  indorse  and  approve  the  declarations  of  General 
Garfield  in  his  letter  of  acceptance,  in  which  he  says:  "  We  cannot 
consent  to  allow  any  form  of  servile  labor  to  be  introduced  among  us 
under  the  guise  of  immigration,"  and  that  "it  will  be  the  duty  of 
congress  to  mitigate  the  evils  already  felt,  and  prevent  their  increase 
by  such  restriction  as  without  violence  or  injustice  will  place  upon  a 
sure  foundation  the  peace  of  our  communities  and  the  freedom  and 
dignity  of  labor."    We  call  attention  to  the  significance  of  General 
Hancock's  silence  upon  this  Chinese  question  in  his  letter  of  accept- 
ance, and  accept  it  as  proof  conclusive  that  the  democratic  party 
under  the  influence  of  a  solid  south,  cannot  be  trusted  to  legislate 
upon  this  question  of  Chinese  immigration. 

4.  That  we  recognize  as  a   fundamental  principle  of  American 
liberty  "  that  it  is  only  by  a  full  vote,  a  free  ballot  and  a  fair  count 
that  the  people  can  rule,"  but  that  throughout  the  solid  south,  as 
ruled  by  the  democratic  party,  neither  a  full  vote,  nor  a  free  ballot 


430       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

now  exist,  nor  can  a  fair  count  be  had  except  through  the  complete 
victory  of  the  republican  party  and  the  triumph  of  its  principles. 

The  following  were  nominated  for  presidential  electors :  John  F. 
Miller  and  Henry  Edgerton,  at  large;  Glaus  Spreckles  from  the  first 
district,  Charles  N".  Fox  from  the  second  district,  W.  W.  McKaig 
from  the  third  district,  and  T.  R.  Bard  from  the  fourth  district. 
Early  in  September  Spreckles  declined  to  run,  and  the  state  central 
committee  nominated  John  A.  Bauer  in  his  stead.  The  following 
were  nominated  for  alternate  electors  :  Henry  Oowell  and  W.  T. 
Garratt,  at  large ;  Charles  Kohler  from  the  first  district,  James  A. 
Louttit  from  the  second  district,  Samuel  Cassidy  from  the  third  dis- 
trict, and  Walter  S.  Moore  from  the  fourth  district. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  William  Jennings, 
J.  B.  Reddick,  George  Hagar,  W.  H.  Brown,  A.  R.  Conklin,  W.  H. 
Sears,  H.  J.  Ostrander,  Joseph  Wasson,  Paris  Kilburn,  E.  W.  Rob 
•erts,  0.  W.  Hollenbeck,  A.  J.  Rhoads,  Obed  Harvey,  J.  K.  Doak, 
S.  O.  Houghton  J.  0.  Zuck,  H.  W.  Wallis,  George  W.  Schell,  C.  A. 
Garter,  0.  W.  Craig,  0.  H.  Garoutte,  J.  H.  Jewett,  M.  0.  Conroy, 
J.  W.  Shaffer,  J.  P.  H.  Wentworth,  W.  B.  May,  David  McClure, 
J.  J.  Green,  P.  B.  Cornwall,  S.  G.  Hilborn,  H.  W.  Byington,  W. 
W.  Morrow,  D.  B.  Jackson,  M.  D.  Boruck,  W.  F.  Whittier,  David 
Bush,  A.  P.  Williams,  Richard  Chute,  W.  M.  Bunker,  J.  R.  Har- 
denbergh,  J.  P.  Ames,  and  others. 

The  first  congressional  district  republican  convention  nominated 
Horace  Davis,  without  opposition. 

The  second  district  convention  nominated  H.  F.  Page,  without 
opposition ;  John  A.  Eagon  withdrawing. 

The  third  district  convention  nominated  George  A.  Knight,  with- 
out opposition ;  W.  A.  Cheney  withdrawing. 

The  fourth  district  convention  nominated  R.  Pacheco,  on  the  first 
ballot,  by  a  vote  of  70,  to  27  for  F.  Adams,  and  1  for  George  F. 
Baker. 

The  election  was  held  on  November  2d,  and  resulted  as  follows : 
For  presidential  electors — Republicans,  Miller,  80,282  ;  Edgerton, 
80,348;  Bauer,  80,281;  Fox,  80,229;  McKaig,  80,242;  Bard,  80,- 
253.  Democrats,  Wallace,  80,426;  Terry,  79,858  ;  Shorb,  80,430; 
Brown,  80,413;  Henley,  80,428;  Del  Valle,  80,442.  Greenback, 
Dann,  3,381  ;  Clark,  3,394;  James  Kidney,  3,378;  Redstone,  2,531; 
Elliott,  3,369 ;  McQuiddy,  3,365  ;  B.  K.  Low,  830.  Prohibition, 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  431 

Bramall,  54 ;  Webb,  49 ;  Coldwell,  56 ;  Clark,  56 ;  Winchester, 
61  j  Woods,  56.  About  six  votes  were  cast  for  electors  on  the  anti- 
masonic  ticket.  For  congressmen — First  district,  Davis,  19,496  ; 
Rosecrans,  21,005  ;  May  bell  and  others,  688.  Second  district,  Page, 
22,036  ;  Glascock,  18,859 ;  Todd  and  others,  296.  Third  district, 
Knight,  20,494 ;  Berry,  21,743;  Musselman  and  others,  274.  Fourth 
district,  Pa checo,  17,768;  Leach,  17,577;  Godfrey  and  others,  3,461. 
All  of  the  democratic  electors  except  Terry  were  elected,  he  being 
beaten  by  Edgerton.  Rosecrans,  Page,  Berry,  and  Pacheco  were 
elected  congressmen. 

On  December  1st  the  presidential  electors  met  in  the  governor's 
office.  All  were  present  except  Shorb,  and  L.  0.  Branch  was  elected 
to  fill  the  vacancy.  Five  votes  were  cast  for  Hancock  and  English, 
and  one  vote — that  of  Edgerton — for  Garfield  and  Arthur.  Stephen 
Cooper  was  selected  messenger  to  convey  the  returns  to  Washington. 


CHAPTER  XXXI. 

1882 — Democratic    Convention — Republican    Convention — Prohibition 
Convention — Greenback  Convention — Grangers'  Convention. 

On  March  15th,  the  democratic  state  committee  met  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, 3LT9J*  called  a  state  convention  to  meet  at  San  Jose,  on  June 
20th,  and  to  consist  of  457  delegates.  The  test  prescribed  for  the 
primaries  was  "that  the  person  offering  to  vote  shall  have  voted 
for  Hancock  and  English  electors  in  1880,  or  would  have  so  voted 
had  he  been  present  and  qualified."  The  convention  met  in  the 
theater  in  San  Jose,  and  was  called  to  order  by  W.  D.  English, 
chairman  of  the  state  committee.  John  Boggs  was  elected  tempo- 
rary chairman,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  264,  to  193  for  J.  C. 
Martin.  The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of  George  Flournoy, 
Joseph  Naphtaly,  A.  B.  Dibble,  J.  C.  Martin,  George  Ohleyer, 
Robert  McGarvey,  J.  T.  White,  Thomas  Harding,  and  David  S. 
Terry.  On  the  21st,  on  permanent  organization,  Boggs  was  elected 
president,  and  J.  C.  Martin,  Niles  Searls,  J.  H.  Budd,  J.  DeBarth 
Shorb,  and  T.  B.  Bishop,  vice-presidents.  The  following  resolutions 
were  reported  by  the  committee  : 

The  democracy  of  the  State  of  California,  as  represented  in  con- 


432      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

vention,  hereby  declare  that  with  unshaken  faith  in  the  soundness 
of  the  constitutional  principles  and  traditions  of  the  democratic 
party,  as  illustrated  by  the  teachings  and  examples  of  a  long  line  of 
democratic  statesmen  and  patriots,  and  expressed  in  the  platform  of 
the  last  presidential  convention  of  the  party,  we  pledge  ourselves  to 
maintain  these  principles,  and  to  labor  to  make  them  paramount  in 
the  administration  of  the  state  and  the  general  governments  : 

t.  That  the  democratic  party  of  California  tender  its  thanks  to 
he  democracy  of  the  union  for  a  long,  earnest  and  partially  success- 
ful struggle,  through  the  democratic  congressmen,  with  a  hostile 
republican  administration,  against  Chinese  immigration,  and  in  be- 
half of  the  highest  interests  of  the  people  of  this  coast.  Such  action 
again  illustrates  the  fidelity  of  the  party  to  its  pledges  given  to  the 
people  in  the  platforms  of  successive  presidential  conventions;  again 
recognizes  that  the  people  of  each  locality  are  the  best  judges  of 
their  own  wants  and  necessities,  and  again  declares  the  great  doc- 
trine that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  general  government  to  heed  their 
complaints  and  to  extend  its  strong  arm  for  their  protection. 

2.  That   the   democratic  party  of  California  recognizes  with  the 
highest  appreciation  the  prompt  and  determined  movement  in  their 
behalf  made  by  the  workingmen  of  the  eastern  states,  and  notably 
of  Pennsylvania,  in  presenting  the  menace  of  a  free  people  as  an  ir- 
resistible power  against  the  combined  efforts  of  vast  moneyed  cor- 
porations and  the  monopolists  of  the  Chinese  trade,  who,  in   the 
name  of  the  brotherhood  of  man,  and  under  the  cloak  of  universal 
charity,  were  endeavoring  to  thwart  every  effort  made  in  be"half  of 
the  permanent  existence  of  the  white  man  in  California;  and  we  rec- 
ognize the  interests  of  white  labor  everywhere  as  in  full  alignment 
with  the  advancing  movement  of  the  democracy  of  the  union  in  its 
purpose  to  preserve  the  heritage  we  have  a  right  to  enjoy  from  the 
merciless  ravages  of  the  Asiatic  hosts,  who  have  already  captured 
many  of  our  best  industries,  impoverished  thousands  of  our  people, 
driven  large  numbers  into  debauchery  and   crime,  and  almost  ex- 
cluded eastern  and  European  immigration. 

3.  That  the  Chinese  now  in  California  are  an  unmixed  curse  to 
this  people,  their  presence  an  ever-increasing  evil,  reaching  out  to 
blast  every  avenue  of  labor  and  every  branch  of  trade;  that  they  are, 
and  so  long  as  they  remain  will  continue  to  be,  an  unsurmountable 
barrier  in  the  pathway  of  California  toward  the  high  destiny  for 
which  nature  has  so  amply  equipped  her;  that  in  view  of  this  con- 
dition we  confidently  appeal  to  the  democrats  of  the  union  for  our 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  433 

deliverance,  and  claim,  as  one  of  the  first  duties  of  the  party, 
that  the  next  presidential  convention  of  the  democracy  shall  declare 
the  doctrine  of  self-preservation  as  the  highest  law  of  nature  and  of 
nations  upon  this  subject,  as  upon  all  others,  and  the  government  of 
the  United  States,  when  placed  under  a  democratic  administration, 
will  indicate  its  just  appreciation  of  the  imperative  necessities  of  the 
people  of  California  by  providing  such  certain  and  speedy  means  as 
may  be  deemed  most  just  and  proper  for  the  removal  of  every  Mon- 
golian from  this  country;  and  to  the  accomplishment  of  this  end  we 
hereby  pledge  to  the  people  our  earnest  and  persistent  efforts,  invit- 
ing every  citizen  of  this  state,  who  has  the  common  weal  at  heart, 
whatever  his  present  or  previous  political  affiliation,  to  lend  us  the 
aid  of  his  personal  support,  as  a  freeman,  toward  strengthening  the 
right  arm  of  the  democratic  party  of  the  union,  whose  fidelity  has 
been  proven,  for  the  early  and  perfect  accomplishment  of  this  great 
work. 

4.  That  the  constant  pretense  of  the  republican  party  organs,  and 
of  the  republican  leaders  in  California  and  in  the  eastern  states,  that 
the  ten-year  law  has  taken  the  Chinese  question  from  the  arena  of 
politics,  and  that  it  is  no  longer  a  political  issue,  is  deceptive  in 
purpose,  and  will  ever  be  false  in  fact,  so  long  as  the  Chinese  re- 
main in  this  country. 

5.  That  the  democratic  party,  inheriting  the  doctrines  of  Jeffer- 
son and  Jackson,  hereby  declares  its  unqualified  enmity  to  all  sumpt- 
uary   legislation,    regarding   all    such    exercise   of    the   law-making 
power  as  against  the  just   objects   of  free  government,  and  that  all 
laws  intended  to  restrain  or  direct  a  free  and  full  exercise  by  any 
citizen  of  his  own  religious  and  political  opinion,  so  long  as  he  leaves 
others  to  enjoy  their   rights    unmolested,  are  anti-democratic   and 
hostile  to  the  principles  and  traditions  of  the  party,  create  unneces- 
sary antagonism,  cannot    be    enforced,  and  are   a    violation  of  the 
spirit  of  republican  government;  and  we  will  oppose  the  enactment 
of  all  such  laws,  and  demand  the  repeal  of  all  those  now  existing. 

6.  That  railroad  fares  and  freights  should  be  materially  reduced  ; 
discriminations  in  favor  of  localities  or  persons  should  be  prohibited, 
and  we  condemn  the  majority  of  the  railroad  commissioners  of  this 
state  for  their  faithlessness   in  the  discharge  of  their  official  duties* 
The  nominees  of  the  democratic  party  will,  if   elected,  carry  out,  in 
letter  and  spirit,  the  declarations  of  this  resolution,  and  relieve  the 

28 


434       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

people  to  the  extent  of  their  jurisdiction  from  the  exactions  and  in- 
justice now  practiced  with  impunity  by  the  railroad  corporations. 

7.  That  most  speedy  and  effective  measures  should  be  taken  to 
compel  the  railroad  corporations   of  California  to  pay  their  taxes. 
No  compromises   should  be  made.     The  property  of  every  corpora- 
tion, as  well  as  of  every  individual,  should  be  assessed  at  its  true 
value,  and  the  payment  of  the  resulting  tax  strictly  and  impartially 
enforced. 

8.  That  all  railroad  land  grants,  forfeited  by  reason  of  the  non- 
fulfillment of  contracts,  should  be  immediately  revoked  by  the  gov- 
ernment, and  that  hereafter  the   domain  should  be  reserved  exclu- 
sively as  homes  for  actual  settlers. 

9.  That  the  rivers  and  harbors  of  this  state  belong  to  all  the  peo- 
ple, and  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  federal  government  to  protect 
them  from  destruction,  and  so  improve  them  from  time  to  time  as 
to  keep  them  forever  open  as  channels  of  commerce. 

10.  That  the  democratic  party  declares  its  unalterable  purpose  to 
restrain  all  private  and  public  corporations  within  the  exact  letter 
of  their  lawful  powers,  and  to  prevent  any  and  all  imposition  upon 
individuals  or  the  public,  whether  attempted  under  the  pretense  of 
lawful  right  or  in  the  arrogance  of  accumulated  money  power,  and 
favors  the  offering  and   enactment  of  all  needed  legislation  toward 
this  end. 

11.  Recognizing  the  fact  that  much  of  the  corruption  in  politics 
results  from  the  enormous  patronage  in  the  hands  of  the  president 
of  the  United  States,  and  its  unscrupulous  use  in  carrying  elections 
and  maintaining  the  party  in  power,  and  that  so  long  as  the  tempta- 
tion exists  this  patronage  will  be  so  used,  thereby  degrading  party 
contests  to  the  debasing   level   of   a   mere   scramble  for  the  petty 
offices  in  the  gift  of  the  executive  department,  the  democratic  party 
of  California  announces  itself  as  in  favor  of  a  reform  of  the  civil 
service  of  the  country,  upon  principles  similar  to  those  proposed  in 
the  bill  introduced  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States  by  Senator 
Pendleton,  of  Ohio. 

12.  That  the  democratic  party  of  California  denounces  the  efforts 
made  by  the  republican  state  executive,  contrary  to  the  constitution 
and  laws  of  this  state,  to  manage  the  state  university  of  California 
in  the  interests  of  the  republican  party. 

Martin  and  White,  the  minority  of  the  committee  submitted  the 
following  resolution  as  an  addition  to  the  majority  report : 

That  the  present  schedule  rates  of  railroad  fares  and  freights,  as 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  435 

fixed  by  the  railroad  commissioners  within  the  state  of  California, 
are  excessive  and  oppressive,  and  that  a  reduction  of  at  least  fifteen 
per  cent,  upon  all  rates  of  companies  operating  more  than  one  hun- 
dred miles  of  road,  should  be  at  once  made,  and  that  the  several 
district  conventions  of  the  democratic  party,  whose  duty  it  is  to 
nominate  railroad  commissioners,  be  requested  to  require  each 
candidate  nominated  for  the  office  of  railroad  commissioner  to  pledge 
himself  that  if  elected  he  will,  within  sixty  days  after  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  board  of  railroad  comiriissioners,  vote  to  reduce  such 
rates  at  least  fifteen  per  cent.,  and  place  the  same  in  immediate 
operation. 

Thomas  Fowler  offered  the  following  as  a  substitute  for  the  resolu- 
tion reported  by  the  minority  of  the  committee,  but  it  was  rejected 
by  a  vote  of  195  to  221,  and  the  minority  resolution  was  adopted  : 

Whereas,  The  Central  and  Southern  Pacific  railroads  were  granted 
by  the  federal  government  a  subsidy  of  money,  bonds  and  lands  in 
sufficient  value  to  build  and  equip  three  or  four  lines  of  railroad  j 
and,  whereas,  the  official  returns  of  the  gross  and  net  receipts  of  those 
corporations  show  that  their  clear  income  exceeds  $10,000,000  per 
year,  an  amount  grossly  beyond  that  of  all  enterprises  carried  on  by 
those  owning  in  their  own  right  the  money  invested ;  therefore,  be 
it 

Resolved  by  the  state  convention  of  the  democratic  party,  That 
the  nominees  put  forward  by  our  party  for  the  office  of  railroad  com- 
missioners be,  and  they  are  hereby  instructed  and  directed,  as  their 
first  official  act,  to  reduce  the  present  schedule  of  fares  and  freights 
of  those  corporations,  so  that  their  receipts  shall  be  reduced  at  least 
twenty  per  cent.,  and  that  this  reduction  shall  not  be  rescinded 
during  their  term  of  office,  and  to  make  such  other  and  further 
reductions  as  careful  investigation  show  to  be  just  to  the  people  and 
not  unjust  to  the  railroads. 

The  resolutions  were  considered  seriatim,  and  sections  1,  2,  3,  and 
4  were  adopted,  without  opposition.  A  motion  to  strike  out  the 
latter  part  of  the  fifth  section,  which  demanded  a  repeal  of  the  then 
existing  Sunday  law,  was  lost — 166  to  280 — and  the  original  resolu- 
tion was  adopted.  The  remainder  of  the  majority  report,  together 
with  the  resolution  of  the  minority,  were  then  adopted.  A  state 
committee  was  selected,  composed  of  W.  H.  Oonklin,  J.  D.  Spencer, 
M.  0.  Haley,  H.  T.  Hammond,  William  P.  Frost,  P.  Connolly, 
Lewis  McLane,  R.  0.  Cravens,  J.  C.  Ball,  O.  P.  Richardson,  C.  H. 


436       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 


Mitchell,  B.  W.  Howser,  John  McMurray,  Peter  Hopkins,  John  H. 
Wise,  W.  D.  English,  John  Foley,  J.  0.  Wolfskill,  Wallace  Leach, 
and  others. 

For  governor— Clay  W.  Taylor,  Campbell  P.  Berry,  James  A. 
Johnson,  George  Hearst,  George  Stoneman>  and  Lawrence  Archer 
were  placed  in  nomination.  Seven  ballots  were  taken  on  the  22d 
and  seven  more  on  the  23d,  with  the  following  result : 


BALLOTS. 

W 

ct- 

Stoneman  .... 

f? 

Johnson  

I 

f 

CD 

i-S 

O 

Bf 

i 

126 

117 

60 

67 

65 

20 

128 

117 

61 

65 

66 

17 

1 

Third  Ballot   

129 

123 

62 

63 

66 

12 

134 

120 

72 

62 

15 

8 

1 

Fifth  Ballot         

143 

122 

91 

55 

37 

9 

Sixth  Ballot 

146 

130 

96 

52 

23 

8 

Seventh  Ballot             ....  - 

151 

136 

92 

52 

17 

4 

159 

132 

84 

54 

25 

i 

Ninth  Ballot  

166 

133 

91 

44 

19 

1 

, 

Tenth  Ballot  

169 

147 

93 

32 

11 

1 

1 

Eleventh  Ballot 

170 

166 

92 

23 

1 

1 

Twelfth  Ballot          

174 

189 

75 

13 

Thirteenth  Ballot  ....    

170 

204 

65 

16 

Fourteenth  Ballot 

170 

243 

32 

1 

Stoneman  was  declared  the  nominee  on  the  fourteenth  ballot. 

On  the  22d,  the  following  resolution  was  read  while  the  balloting 
was  in  progress,  and  it  was  referred  to  the  committee  : 

That  the  correct  principle  which  should  govern  the  railroad  com- 
missioners elected  under  the  constitution  of  this  state,  in  fixing  the 
rates  of  fares  and  freights  to  be  collected  by  the  railroads  of  this 
state,  is,  first,  to  ascertain  the  value  in  cash  of  the  franchise,  rolling 
stock  and  road  bed  and  appurtenances,  and  upon  such  valuation  to 
fix  the  rate  of  fares  and  freights  so  as,  after  paying  the  running  ex- 
penses of  the  road,  to  pay  to  the  shareholders  6  per  cent,  per  annum 
on  the  valuation  made  as  aforesaid. 

The  closing  paragraph  pledged  the  nominees  for  railroad  commis- 
sioners to  this  plan.  On  the  24th,  the  following  additional  nomina- 
tions were  made : 

John  Daggett  for  lieutenant-governor,  without  opposition. 


DISTRICT  DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTIONS.  437 

Erskine  M.  Ross  for  associate  justice,  on  the  third  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  233,  to  211  for  James  R  Sharpstein,  124  for  Jackson 
Temple,  104  for  I.  Sepulveda,  98  for  John  W.  Armstrong,  and  88 
for  O.  P.  Evans.  The  first  ballot  stood — Sharpstein,  154;  Ross, 
154;  Armstrong,  114;  Sepulveda,  125;  Temple,  114;  Evans,  113; 
Philip  W.  Keyser,  53;  W.  0.  Wallace,  65;  T.  J.  Bowers,  13. 

J.  R.  Sharpstein  for  associate  justice,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote 
of  247,  to  73  for  Temple,  49  for  Armstrong,  35  for  Evans,  and  29  for 
Sepulveda. 

John  R.  Glascock  and  Charles  A.  Sumner  for  congressmen  at  large, 
on  the  first  ballot.  Glascock  received  318  votes;  Sumner,  231; 
J.  E.  Murphy,  20;  and  W.  T.  Wallace,  155. 

Thos.  L.  Thompson  for  secretary  of  state,  on  the  second  ballot,  by 
a  vote  of  229,  to  68  for  W.  J.  Tinnin,  125  for  Thomas  Beck,  and  20 
for  Wm.  H.  Coombs.  The  first  ballot  stood — Thompson,  154;  Beck, 
120;  Tinnin,  75;  Coombs,  41;  Thomas  H.  Carr,  28;  W.  W.  Kellogg, 
19;  W.  M.  Donahue,  16. 

John  P.  Dunn  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  209, 
to  154  for  E.  W.  Maslin,  and  93  for  Russell  D.  Stephens. 

Wm.  A.  January  for  treasurer,  on  the  third  ballot,  by  a  vote  of 
228,  to  223  for  Paul  Shirley,  and  3  for  Otto  Kloppenberg.  On  the 
first  ballot,  Shirley  had  161;  January,  158;  David  L.  Poole,  90; 
Kloppenberg,  37;  and  A.  C.  Busch,  4. 

Edward  0.  Marshall  for  attorney  general,  on  the  second  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  242,  to  203  for  Fred  Baldwin.  On  the  first  ballot,  Baldwin 
had  175;  Marshall,  144;  John  C.  Burch,  65,  and  E.  J.  Edwards,  54. 
W.  D.  Grady  withdrew  during  the  first  ballot. 

H.  I.  Willey  for  surveyor-general,  without  opposition ;  E.  Rosseau, 
Wm.  Minis,  and  Alexander  Dunn  withdrawing. 

Wm.  T?  Welcker  for  school  superintendent,  on  the  first  ballot, 
by  a  vote  of  293,  to  76  for  J.  H.  Kennedy,  51  for  Jesse  Wood,  and 
28  for  J.  W.  Johnson. 

John  W.  McCarthy  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  on  the  first 
ballot,  by  a  vote  of  250,  to  95  for  J.  B.  Stevenson,  and  110  for 
Cameron ;  D.  B.  Woolf  withdrawing. 

The  first  district  democratic  congressional  convention  met  at  San 
Jose  on  June  24th,  and  nominated  Wm.  S.  Rosecrans,  on  the  first 
ballot,  by  a  vote  of  75,  to  23  for  Wm.  P.  Frost ;  Robert  Ferral  with- 
drew. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  the  same  place  on  the  23d, 


438       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

and  nominated  James  H.  Budd,  without  opposition. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  the  same  place  on  the  23d, 
and  nominated  Barclay  Henley,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  86, 
to  40  for  L.  D.  Freer. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  the  same  place  on  the  23d, 
and  nominated  P.  B.  Tully,  without  opposition. 

The  first  district  democratic  convention  for  the  nomination  of 
railroad  commissioner  met  at  San  Jose  on  June  22d.  The  candidates 
were  G.  J.  Carpenter,  W.  S.  Green,  Wm.  M.  Crutcher,  and  H.  M. 
LaRue.  The  convention  adjourned  without  choice,  the  last  ballot 
standing — Carpenter,  66;  Green,  30;  LaRue,  70.  Crutcher  with- 
drew after  the  fourth  ballot.  On  the  23d,  on  the  seventh  ballet, 
Carpenter  was  nominated,  by  a  vote  of  91J,  to  61 J  for  Green,  and 
21  for  LaRue. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  the  same  place  on  the  24th, 
and  nominated  William  P.  Humphreys,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  69,  to  39  for  Philip  A.  Roach. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  the  same  place  on  the  23d, 
and  nominated  W.  W.  Foote,  by  a  vote  of  81,  to  61  for  John  H. 
Moore,  and  7  for  Thomas  Fowler. 

On  the  24th,  Charles  Gildea  was  nominated  for  member  of  the 
state  board  of  equalization,  from  the  first  district,  Wm.  M.  Crutcher 
from  the  second  district,  0.  E.  Wilcoxen  from  the  third  district, 
and  John  Markley  from  the  fourth  district. 

A  meeting  of  the  republican  state  central  committee  was  held  at 
San  Francisco  in  April,  and  the  state  convention  was  called  to  meet 
at  Sacramento  on  August  30th.  On  June  29th  another  meeting 
was  held,  and  the  proposition  to  have  the  convention  meet  on 
August  15th  was  voted  down.  The  convention  therefore  met  at  the 
time  originally  set,  and  was  called  to  order  by  W.  W.  Morrow, 
chairman  of  the  state  committee.  Newton  Booth  was  chosen  tem- 
porary chairman,  without  opposition.  The  committee  ori  resolu- 
tions consisted  of  L.  D.  Latimer,  S.  B.  Lieb,  J.  H.  NefF,  John  F. 
Swift,  Horace  Davis,  John  H.  Jewett,  E.  W.  Roberts,  S.  Meyers, 
B.  G.  Hurlburt,  John  Yule,  F.  Adams,  J.  W.  North,  and  others.  A 
delegation  from  the  prohibition  party  waited  on  the  committee  on 
resolutions  and  asked  them  to  embody  in  the  platform  a  local  option 
plank  in  the  following  form,  and  stated  that  nothing  else  would  be 
acceptable : 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  439 

That  the  legal  control,  regulation  and  restriction  of  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors  should  be  fostered  by  such  legislation  as  will 
carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  section  11,  of  article  XI,  of  the 
state  constitution,  which  declares  that  any  county,  city,  town,  or 
township,  may  make  and  enforce  within  its  limits  all  such  local, 
police,  sanitary,  and  other  regulations,  as  are  not  in  conflict  with 
general  laws. 

On  the  31st,  Booth  was  elected  president;  Horace  Davis,  J.  R. 
Hardenbergh,  Wm.  H.  Sears,  and  A.  E.  Wagstaff,  vice-presidents. 
The  committee  on  resolutions  reported  the  following  : 

The  republicans  of  California,  in  state  convention  assembled,  do 
announce  and  declare  : 

1.  We  reaffirm  our  adherence  to  the  principles  of  the  republican 
party  as  embodied  in  its  history. 

2.  We  lament  the  death  of  our  late  president,  James  A.  Garfield. 
His  lofty  patriotism  and  heroic  character  endeared  him  to  the  peo- 
ple.    His  memory  will  be  fondly  and  forever  cherished  by  his  coun- 
trymen. 

3.  We  reaffirm  the  platform  of  the  national  republican  party  as 
declared  in  Chicago  in  1880.     We  have  faith  in  the  wisdom  of  the 
present  administration,  and  confidence  that  it  will  result   in  honor 
and  additional  laurels  to  our  party  and  its  cause. 

4.  We  point  with  pride  to  the  financial  policy  of  republican  ad- 
ministrations,  which    has  with   unexampled    rapidity   reduced   the 
national  debt  while  improving  the  national  credit,  lessened   taxes 
while  increasing  revenues,  and  lowered  the  rate  of  interest  on  the 
national   bonds  while  adding  to  their  value  in  the  markets  of  the 
world. 

5.  History  and  experience  unite  to  prove  the  necessity  of  pre- 
serving one  day  in  seven  as  a  day  of  rest  from  labor.     Without  leg- 
islation on  this  subject,  the  laboring  classes  might  be  compelled  to 
continue  in  unceasing  toil.     Therefore,  we  are  in  favor  of  observing 
Sunday   as  a   day  of  rest  and  recreation ;  and  while  we  expressly 
disavow  the  right  or  the  wish  to  force  any  class  of  our  citizens  to 
spend  that  day  in  any  particular  manner,  we  do  favor  the  mainten- 
ance of    the  present  Sunday  laws,  or  similar  laws,  providing  for 
the  suspension  of  all  unnecessary  business  on  that  day. 

6.  Corporations  are  creatures  of  law  and  subject  to  law,  and  all 
legal  means  should  be  taken  to  render  it  impossible  for  aggregations 
of  capital  to  become  oppressive. 


440      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

7.  While  we  recognize  the  fact  that  the  building  of  railroads  has 
proved  one  of  the  most  potent  agencies  in  the  development  and  pro- 
gress of  the  country,  we  at  the  same  time  remember  that  the  great 
power  which  authorized  such  roads  to  be  built,  including  the  sover- 
eign right  of  eminent  domain,  was  granted  to  the  railroad  companies 
by  the  people,  for  the  people,  and  on  the  sole  ground  that  the  build- 
ing of  railroads  is  a  public  use  and  such  roads  public  highways.   [The 
convention  changed  the  last  portion  of  this  paragraph  to  read:  "And 
on  the  sole  ground  that  the  construction  and  working  of  railroads 
constitute  a  public  use,"  etc.]    We  declare  that  railroad  companies, 
the  same  as  individuals,  should  be  dealt  with  in  fairness  and  with- 
out injustice ;  but,  by  reason  of  their  relation  to  the  people,  they 
must  be  kept  subordinate  to  the  interests  of  the  people,  and  within 
governmental  control.     The  people  should  be  protected  by  law  from 
any  abuse  or  unjust  exactions.     Unjust  discriminations  against  indi- 
viduals or  localities  should  be  prohibited.    Equal  service  upon  equal 
terms  to  all  persons  should  be  enforced.     Charges  for  transporting 
persons  and  property  should   be  limited  to  what  is  required  to  pay 
the  legitimate  expenses  of  operating  such  railroads,  their  maintenance 
in  good  repair,  and  a  fair  interest  on  their  actual  value.    Such  value 
shall  bear  the  same  relation  to  its  assessed  value  that  the  value  of 
other  property  does  to  its  assessed  value.     Charges  in  excess  of  this 
are  in  violation  of  the  fundamental  law  of  public  use  which  allows 
railroads  to  be  built  \  and  we  hereby  pledge  our  nominees  for  rail- 
road commissioners  to  the  enforcement  of  these  principles  by  such  a 
material  and  substantial  reduction  of  the  rates  of  fares  and  freights 
as  will  secure  that  result — the  basis  being  cost  of  service,  with  rea- 
sonable allowance  for  interest  and  repairs,  as  above  indicated,  instead 
of  the  mercenary  exaction  of  "all  the  traffic  will  bear." 

8.  That  the  proper  public  authorities  should  not  refuse  to  act  in 
regulating  freights  and  fares  by  reason  of  lack  of  exact  information 
in  any  particular,  if  such  information  could  be  given  but  is  refused 
by  the  railroad   corporation ;  but   in  such  cases  these   authorities 
should  act  as  near  correctly  as  possible,  taking  care  however  that 
the  public  interest  should  not  suffer,  and  holding  themselves  in  read- 
iness to  correct  any  error,  if  error  there  should  be,  upon  the  corpor- 
ation giving  the  necessary  information  to  enable  such  error  to  be 
corrected. 

9.  We  denounce  the  railroad  contract  system  as  a  deliberate  at- 
tempt to  enslave  the  commerce  and  trade  of  the  whole  Pacific  coast, 
and  subjugate  them  to  the  control  and  caprice  of  the  railroad  com. 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  441 

^panics.  It  is  against  public  policy,  because  it  seeks  to  make  use  of 
"the  national  bounty  to  break  down  that  healthful  competition  which 
it  is  the  policy  of  the  nation  to  encourage.  It  is  unjust  and  oppress- 
ive, because  it  discriminates  in  favor  of  the  strong  at  the  expense 
of  the  weak,  and  offers  bribes  to  the  rich  which  it  collects  back  from 
the  poor.  It  is  arbitrary  and  tyrannical,  because  it  arrogantly  inter- 
feres with  the  freedom  of  trade,  and  proposes  to  prohibit  those  who 
make  use  of  its  transportation  facilities  from  doing  business  with 
any  one  who  refuses  to  submit  to  its  dictation.  Its  existence  is  a 
threat  and  its  abolition  a  necessity.  The  republican  party  pledges 
itself  to  prohibit  the  making  of  such  contracts  by  proper  legislation, 
to  the  extent,  if  necessary,  of  making  the  same  a  public  offense. 

10.  We  demand  of  congress  legislation  governing  the  carrying 
trade  between  the  states,  or   states   and  territories.     The  rates  of 
freights  and  fares  of  all  railroads  engaged  in  such  trade  should  be 
justly  regulated  and  restricted,  and   any  unjust  discrimination  be- 
itween  persons  or  places  should  be  absolutely  prohibited. 

11.  That  we  are  opposed   to  granting  any  further   subsidies  to 
•companies  or  corporations,  and  are  in  favor  of  the  immediate  revoca- 
tion of  all  land  grants  and  subsidies  forfeited   by  non-fulfillment  of 
the  conditions  of  such  grants,  and  the  restoration  of  such  lands  to 
ithe  public  domain,  to  be  held  exclusively  for  actual  settlers. 

12.  All  property  should  pay  its  just  share  of  taxation.    The  prop- 
erty of  corporations,  like  other  property,  should   be  assessed  at  its 
-actual  cash  value,  and  the  corporations  and  individuals  alike  should 
be  compelled  to  pay  their  just  taxes  without  abatement,  diminution, 
or  compromise. 

13.  The  republican  party  has  always  advocated  liberal  appropria- 
tions for  the  improvement  of  rivers  and  harbors ;  and  we  declare  it 
to  be  the  duty  of  the  federal  government  to  maintain  the  natural 
channels  of  internal  commerce  in  their  highest  standard  of  useful- 
ness, as  a  trust  committed  to  it  by  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  and  as  a  constant  check   upon  the  exorbitant  exactions  of 
artificial  highways. 

14.  We  believe  in  exact  justice  being  done  on  the  merits  of  the 
contest  between  the  conflicting  mining  and  agricultural  interests, 
and  to  that  end  we  resolve  that  in  all  cases  where  it  is  claimed  that 
a  nuisance  is  being  threatened  or  committed,  and  that  more  than  one 
person  or  corporation  is  making  such  threat  or  contributing  to  main- 
tain such  nuisance,  a  joint  action   should  be  allowed  against  such 


442       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

persons  or  corporations  to  obtain  redress,  and  the  laws  of  this  state 
should  be  speedily  amended  to  that  end. 

15.  That  the  republican  party,  ever  alive  to  the  interest  of  the 
laboring  classes,  is  in  favor  of  the  establishment  of  a  bureau  of  sta- 
tistics of  labor,  for  the  purpose  of  inquiring  into  the  condition  of 
the  laboring  classes,  their  wages,  lack  of  employment,  and  chances 
of  obtaining  the  same. 

£16.  The  republican  party  is  unalterably  opposed  to  Chinese  immi- 
gration. It  is  a  cause  for  congratulation  that  this  question,  which 
has  heretofore  engaged  the  earnest  attention  of  both  political  ^parties, 
has  at  length  been  settled  by  prohibiting  further  immigration,  the 
treaty  having  been  framed  by  republican  commissioners  and  ratified 
and  approved  by  a  republican  administration.  We  offer  our  thanks 
to  our  senators  and  representatives  in  congress  for  the  legislation 
procured  by  them  on  this  subject. 

17.  The  same  principles  which   guide  the  administration  of  well- 
ordered  private  affairs    should   prevail    in  the  selection  of   public 
officers.     Honesty,  efficiency,  and  fidelity  should  be  the  essential 
qualifications  for  public  position,  and  such  rules  should  be  established 
to  regulate  appointments  to  the  public  service  as  will  insure  fitness, 
to  be  ascertained   by  practical   tests,  and  promotion   should  follow 
faithful   service.     The  republican   party  of    California  demands  a 
thorough,  radical,  and  complete  reform  in  the  modes  of  appointment 
to  subordinate   executive  offices,  founded    upon  the  principle  that 
public  office  is  a  public  trust,  admission  to  which   should  depend 
upon  proved  fitness,  to  be  ascertained  by  methods  open  to  all  appli- 
cants and  regulated  by  law. 

18.  Finally,  we  insist  upon  economy  in  the  administration  of  the 
government,  integrity  in  office,  and  honesty  and  efficiency  in  every 
branch  of  the  public  service. 

W.  H.  L.  Barnes  offered  the  following  additional  resolution, 
which  was  adopted: 

The  republican  party  demands  that  the  public  schools  shall  re- 
ceive generous  support,  as  the  policy  of  free  government;  that  educa- 
tion from  the  primary  school  to  the  state  university  shall  be  free  and 
within  the  reach  of  the  children  of  every  citizen;  that  in  furtherance 
of  this  principle  we  recommend  to  the  legislature  the  establishment 
of  some  system  by  which  the  state  shall  print  and  provide  the  prin- 
cipal reading  and  other  text-books  used  in  the  public  schools,  sup- 
plying the  same  to  pupils  at  actual  cost. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  443 

The  report  of  the  committee  was  then  considered  seriatim.  A 
motion  to  strike  out  the  fifth  resolution  was  lost;  and  a  motion  to 
strike  out  the  sixth,  seventh,  eighth,  ninth  and  tenth  was  lost  by 
nearly  a  unanimous  vote.  J.  M.  Walling  offered  the  following  as  a 
substitute  for  the  fourteenth  resolution : 

That  all  questions  of  injury  arising  between  the  agriculturist  and 
the  miner  should  be  left  to  the  adjudication  of  the  courts. 

After  a  discussion,  a  motion  to  strike  out  all  reference  to  the  sub- 
ject was  carried  by  a  vote  of  333  to  116.  The  word  "suspending" 
was  substituted  for  "prohibiting"  in  the  sixteenth  resolution.  The 
following  additional  resolution  was  adopted : 

That  the  republican  party  points  to  the  conduct  of  the  affairs  of 
the  state  under  its  present  faithful  executive  with  genuine  pride,  and 
as  the  best  hostage  it  can  give  the  people  for  the  future.  While  it 
came  into  power  under  the  burden  of  a  deficiency  exceeding  $220,000, 
and  by  legislative  acts  extraordinary  expenditures  have  been  neces- 
sarily made  for  the  improvement  of  the  labor  resources  of  the  state 
prison,  for  the  rebuilding  of  the  state  normal  school  and  the  deaf  and 
dumb  asylum,  exceeding  in  all  $750,000,  it  nevertheless  retires  from 
its  post  of  duty  leaving  behind  it  no  deficiency  to  be  provided  for, 
and  the  taxes  imposed  for  all  state  purposes  have  been  reduced  not 
less  than  ten  per  cent. 

With  the  changes  indicated,  the  platform  was  adopted  as  a  whole. 
The  following  nominations  were  then  made : 

Morris  M.  Estee  for  governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  238 
to  202  for  M.  C.  Blake,  11  for  J.  McM.  Shafter,  and  2  for  Joseph 
Russ.  Before  the  changes,  the  roll  had  stood,  Estee  218,  Blake  203, 
Russ  18,  and  Shafter  17.  The  candidates  had  been  named  in  the 
evening,  and  the  ballot  was  taken  on  the  morning  after,  Septem- 
ber 1st. 

Alvah  R.  Conklin  for  lieutenant-governor,  on  the  first  ballot,  by 
a  vote  of  225,  to  132  for  J.  0.  Tucker,  and  89  for  John  P.  Stearns. 

John  Hunt  and  Samuel  C.  Denson  for  justices  of  the  supreme 
court,  on  the  third  ballot,  over  Anson  Brunson,  Theodore  H.  Hittell, 
John  Reynolds,  A.  P.  Catlin,  Walter  Van  Dyke,  C.  W.  C.  Rowell, 
and  I.  S.  Belcher. 

Henry  Edgerton  and  Wm.  W.  Morrow  for  congressmen  at  large, 
without  opposition. 

Frank  A.  Pedlar  for  secretary  of  state,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a 


444       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

vote  of  254,  to  174  for  Ohas.  A.  Sherman,  and  26  for  George  W. 
Oallagher. 

Wm.  A.  Davies  for  controller,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  D.  M. 
Kenfield  and  E.  F.  White. 

On  the  2d,  the  committee  on  resolutions  reported  the  following 
substitute  for  the  fifteenth  resolution,  and  it  was  adopted : 

We  are  in  favor  of  establishing  a  bureau  of  statistics  of  labor,  for 
the  purpose  of  collecting  and  publishing  such  statistics  and  other 
information  in  regard  to  labor  and  wages  as  may  be  useful  to  the 
laboring  classes. 

Frank  M.  Pixley  offered  a  resolution  with  a  preamble,  which  re- 
cited the  evils  of  undesirable  immigration  of  objectionable  classes, 
and  resolving  that  the  national  legislators  be  advised  to  so  amend 
the  immigration  laws,  that  such  undesirable  immigrants  shall  be  de- 
nied the  privilege  of  the  elective  franchise.  The  resolution  also 
recited : 

The  temperance  movement  now  inaugurated  and  active  in  all  of 
our  eastern  states  is  entitled  to  the  moral  recognition  of  the  members 
of  this  convention.  The  triumph  of  temperance  principles,  so  decis- 
ive in  the  states  of  Kansas  and  Iowa  as  to  have  become  a  part  of 
their  organic  law,  indicates  that  the  temperance  question  has  become 
a  national  one,  worthy  of  consideration  by  this  convention,  and 
demanding  the  attention  of  all  tax-payers  as  one  of  political  economy, 
and  of  all  good  citizens  as  one  involving  the  highest  interest  of  social 
order,  good  morals,  and  good  government.  That  as  a  first  step  in  the 
direction  of  temperance  and  reform,  our  legislature  should  be  asked 
to  consider  how  far  local  option  can  be  enforced  to  regulate  or  pro- 
hibit the  traffic  in  alcoholic  drinks. 

The  resolution  was  ruled  out  of  order. 

The  following  additional  nominations  were  then  made  : 

John  Weil  for  treasurer,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  H.  D.  Fairbanks. 

Augustus  L.  Hart  for  attorney-general,  without  opposition;  Hugh 
K.  McJunkin  withdrawing. 

Wm.  Minto  for  surveyor-general,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  J.  W. 
Shanklin. 

S.  D.  Waterman  for  school  superintendent,  on  the  first  ballot, 
over  Fred.  M.  Campbell. 

Frank  W.  Gross  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  without  opposi- 
tion. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTIONS.  445. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  Win.  Jennings, 
George  Hagar,  W.  H.  Brown,  J.  F.  Crank,  W.  H.  Sears,  T.  L. 
Carothers,  J.  H.  Neff,  J.  A.  Orr,  A.  J.  Rhoads,  0.  Green,  M.  0. 
Briggs,  Horace  Davis,  P.  B.  Cornwall,  J.  T.  Dare,  S.  K.  Thornton, 
S.  G.  Hilborn,  G.  W.  Schell,  P.  Y.  Baker,  Jerome  Banks,  0.  E. 
Street,  C.  H.  Garoutte,  W.  H.  Parks,  and  others. 

The  first  congressional  district  republican  convention  met  at  Sac- 
ramento on  September  2d,  and  nominated  Paul  Neuman,  without 
opposition. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  the  same  place  on  the  1st, 
and  nominated  H.  F.  Page,  without  opposition. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  the  same  time  and  place,  and 
nominated  J.  J.  DeHaven,  without  opposition. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  the  same  place  on  the  2d, 
and  nominated  George  L.  Woods,  on  the  second  ballot,  over  W.  J. 
Hill  and  Oregon  Sanders. 

The  first  district  republican  convention  for  the  nomination  of  rail- 
road commissioner  met  at  Sacramento  on  September  2d,  and  nomi- 
nated Chas.  F.  Reed,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a  vote  of  125  to  48  for 
F.  S.  Freeman,  and  8  for  S.  B.  Burt. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  the  same  time  and  place, 
and  nominated  Chas.  Clayton,  without  opposition ;  E.  D.  Sawyer, 
Geo.  A.  Fisher,  and  Samuel  Mosgrove  withdrawing. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  the  same  time  and  place, 
and  nominated  E.  M.  Gibson,  on  the  fourth  ballot,  over  John  Mans- 
field, Chester  A.  Rowell,  J.  G.  McCallum,  and  Edward  Martin. 

The  first  equalization  district  republican  convention  met  at  Sacra- 
mento on  September  2d,  and  adjourned  to  San  Francisco,  where,  on 
the  6th,  R.  P.  Johnson  was  nominated,  on  the  first  ballot,  over  E. 
Burke  and  F.  C.  Mossback. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  the  1st,  and 
nominated  L.  C.  Morehouse  on  the  first  ballot,  over  William  John- 
ston and  James  Foster. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  the  same  time  and  place,  and 
nominated  G.  G.  Kimball  on  the  first  ballot,  over  Warren  Dutton 
and  P.  R.  Klein. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  on  the  2d,  and  nominated  C. 
W.  Dana,  without  opposition. 


446       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  'IN  CALIFORNIA. 

A  state  convention  of  the  prohibition  reform  party  was  held  in 
San  Francisco  on  July  llth,  which  was  attended  by  about  150  dele- 
gates. M.  0.  Winchester  was  president,  John  Woods  vice-presi- 
dent, and  Rev.  George  Morris  secretary.  A  committee  on  resolu- 
tions was  selected,  consisting  of  Rev.  M.  0.  Briggs,  A.  D.  Wood,  and 
others. 

They  presented  the  following  report,  which  was  adopted : 

1.  That  no  exigencies   of  the   political  campaign  can  release  a 
•citizen  from   the   obligations   of   truth,  honor,  loyalty,  and    public 
decency. 

2.  That  we  hold  the  supremacy  of  law  and  the  preservation  of  the 
laborers'   rest  day  as  paramount  to  party  fealty  and  the  hope  of 
political  victory  or  the  fear  of  defeat;  and  no  partisan  consideration 
whatever  shall  induce  us  to  cast  our  ballots  for  a  party  or  a  platform 
which  ignores  religious  rights,  fawns  on  conspirators,  or  proposes  to 
•rob  laboring  men  of  a  law  which  protects,  them,  one  day  in  seven, 
against  the  oppressions  of  power  and  the  exactions  of  greed ;  nor 
will  we  support  any  nominee  of  any  party  who  is  disqualified  by  a 
debasing  appetite  for  alcoholic  drinks. 

3.  That  we  will  vigilantly  await  the  platforms  and  nominations 
of  existing  parties,  in  the  hope  that  we  may  find  ourselves  able  to 
vote  like  honest  and  loyal  men,  without  the  necessity  of  separating 
ourselves  from  the  parties  that  now  divide  the  state ;  but  should  no 
party  take  the  proper  steps  to  protect  an.  efficient  Sunday  law,  and 
favor  the  plan  of  enforcing  the  question  of  license  to  sell  intoxicants 
to  the  people,  then  we  will  meet  and  take  such  steps  as  shall  give 
the  voters  of  our  state  an  opportunity  to  express  their  views  on  these 
two  important  questions. 

4.  That  we  hail  with  gratitude  the  triumph  of  local  option  in 
Arkansas,  and  of  constitutional  prohibition  in  Kansas,  and  more 
recently  and  gloriously  in  Iowa,  as  a  presage  and  prophecy  of  vic- 
tory over  the  impoverishing  and  demoralizing  liquor  business,  des- 
tined ere  long  to  be  achieved  in  every  state  in  the  union,  the  actual 
results  of  these  beneficent  measures  having  refuted  the  calumnies  of 
their  adversaries. and  reassured  the  faith  of  their  friends,  all  of  which 
encourages  us  to  believe  that  public  sentiment  is  now  ready  for  pro- 
hibitory legislation  in  this  state;  and  we  shall  consider  that  no  party 
or  candidate  on  any  ticket  that  is  opposed  to  prohibiting  people  to 
vote  upon  the  question  of  the  discontinuance  of  this  traffic  is  entitled 
•to  our  support, 


PROHIBITION  CONVENTION.  447 

The  debate  on  the  resolutions  took  a  wide  range,  and  considerable 
disgust  was  manifested  at  the  action  of  the  democratic  convention  in 
relation  to  the  repeal  of  the  Sunday  law.  The  convention  then  ad- 
journed to  await  the  action  of  the  republican  convention. 

On  September  28th,  another  session  of  the  prohibition  reform  con- 
vention was  held  at  San  Francisco.  It  was  called  by  the  executive 
committee  appointed  by  the  July  convention,  and'  was  largely  at- 
tended. It  was  called  to  order  by  Winchester  and  was  opened  with 
prayer.  On  the  30th,  the  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

The  prohibition  home  protection  party  of  California,  now  in  state 
•convention  assembled,  declares  itself  in  alliance  with  the  great  na- 
tional organization,  having  temperance  for  its  first  organic  law  and 
governing  motive,  and  is  in  sympathetic  co-operation  with  all  reforms 
calculated  to  advance  the  moral  and  material  welfare  of  the  whole 
American  people: 

1.  We  declare  that  our  object,  aim,  and  purpose  is  to  build  up  a 
political  organization  that  may  safely  be  intrusted  with  the  conduct 
of  national  affairs,  and  to  which  may  be  confided,  in  all  the  states 
and  territories    of  the    American    union,   the   political    control    of 
all  questions   involving   the    moral   and    material  interests  of  the 
people. 

2.  We   invite  to  this   work  the   intelligent,  law-respecting,  and 
order-loving  men  and  women  of  this  state;  those  who  own  its  prop- 
erty, pay  its  taxes,  are  interested  in  the  protection  and  education  of 
its  youth,  in  elevating  its  moral  standards,  preserving  the  union  of 
states,  and  in  developing  and    perpetuating  Christian   civilization 
throughout  the  world. 

3.  We  declare  that  the   manufacture,  sale,  and   use   of  alcoholic 
drinks  is  the  greatest  evil  of  the  country  and  the  age.     That  the 
traffic  enslaves  women  and  degrades  children ;  debases  youth  and 
wrecks  manhood;  corrupts  ballots  and   injures  public  service;  peo- 
ples prisons  and  fills  insane  asylums;  breeds  paupers  and  criminals; 
imposes  enormous  burdens  of  taxation;  destroys  capital  and  ruins 
labor;  degrades,  impoverishes,  and  destroys    our  homes,  and    now 
threatens,  through  organized  and   criminal  conspiracies,  to  subvert 
law  and  order.     So  believing,  we  declare  the  cardinal  principles  of 
our  party  to  be  prohibition,  by  constitutional  amendment,  of  the 
manufacture  of  all  alcoholic  liquors  not  demanded  for  medicinal, 
mechanical,  or  scientific  use,  and  the  regulation  by  law,  under  severe 


448      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

penalities,  of  the  sale  of  alcoholic  liquors  for  such  use,  and  the  abso- 
lute and  total  prohibition  of  the  sale  for  any  other  purpose. 

4.  The  defiant  resistance  to  law  by  the  liquor  dealers  of  this  state 
and  their  associates ;  their  attempted  aggressions  for  the  destruction 
of  our  most  sacred  laws  and  highest  interests,  together  with  the  sub- 
serviency of   the  democratic  and  republican  parties  to  these  law- 
breakers and  law-defiers,  have  forced  upon  us  an  issue  of  the  greatest 
importance  to  the  state,  which  should  and  must  be  met  with  deter- 
mined courage  and  intense  devotion  to  the  best  and  highest  interests 
of  the  people.     This  we  are  now  determined  fully  and  energetically 
to  do.     In  this  we  most  earnestly  invite  the  co-operation  and  assist- 
ance of  every  one  who  desires  the  best  interests  of  this  state  and 
people. 

5.  We  declare  that  Sunday  is  an  institution  so  interwoven  into- 
our  laws,  our  customs,  our  civilization,  and  the  very  structure  of  our 
government;  so   intricately  and    beneficently   connected    with    our 
social,  business,  and  moral  life,  that  we  cannot  dispense  with  it 
without  sacrificing  the  very  best  interests  of  the  country  and  the 
highest  welfare  of  the  whole  people.     And  so  believing,  we  demand 
the  enactment  and  enforcement  of  an  intelligent  and  rational  Sunday 
law,  and  especially  do  we  demand  that  all  saloons  or  places  of  busi- 
ness where  intoxicating  drinks  are  now  licensed  to  be  sold  or  per- 
mitted to  be  sold   on  secular  days,  shall  be  absolutely  closed  on 
Sunday. 

6.  We  emphatically  protest  against  all  state  subsidies  or  other 
countenance   to    encourage   the   business   of    making   intoxicating 
drinks  from  grapes,  and  against  appropriating  public  funds  for  horse- 
racing  at  our  state  and  district  fairs. 

7.  We  are  in  favor  of  the  universal  and  enforced  education  of  the 
youth  of  our  state,  including  instruction  in  regard  to  the  effects  of 
alcohol  upon  the  human  system,  with  ample  provision  for  the  sup- 
port of  an  adequate  and  efficient  system  of  free  public  schools,  and 
that  the  state  shall  furnish  pupils  in  our  public  schools  text-books, 
free  of  price  to  such  as  are  unable  to  buy  them,  and  to  all  others  at 
the  cost  price  of  their  production ;  and  that  we  are  opposed  to  sec- 
tarian  education   in    our   free   schools,   and    the  appropriation    to 
denominational  schools  of  the  public  school  moneys. 

8.  We    believe  that   railroad    corporations    and    companies    are 
subject  to  the  control  of  general  laws,  and  to  such  enactments  and 
regulations  as  may  be  rightfully  demanded  by  reason  of  their  pecul- 
iar relations  to  the  general  public.     We  would  compel  it  and  its 


PROHIBITION  RESOLUTIONS.  449 

owners  to  bear  its  and  their  just  proportion  of  the  burdens  of  gov- 
ernment. We  would  compel  them  to  pay  taxes  upon  their  property 
at  the  same  relative  valuation  that  is  placed  upon  all  other  property, 
and,  in  all  respects,  we  would  treat  railroad  owners  and  railroads 
with  impartiality  and  justice.  We  are  opposed  to  all  unjust  dis- 
crimination in  fares  and  freights. 

9.  The  hydraulic  miner  has  no  right,  in  the  pursuit  of  his  impor- 
tant and  legitimate  industry,  to  injure  the  property  of  his  agricul- 
tural neighbor,  or  to  deposit  his   detritus  in  such   places  that  by 
operation  of  natural  causes  it  may  then,  or  at  some  future  time,  be 
carried  where  it  will  injure  land,  fill  navigable  streams,  or  interfere 
with  the  bays  and  harbors  of  our  coast.     It  is  the  duty  of  the  miner 
engaged    in  gravel  sluicing  to  so  impound  his  debris — hold  it  in 
arrest — that  such  injuries  may  not  occur,  and  to  this  end  we  insist 
that  proper  legislation  should  be  had  and  the  decisions  of  our  courts 
enforced. 

10.  We  believe  that  the  state  should  assume  control  of  the  water 
supply  for  irrigating   purposes,   and   provide  at  once  by    suitable 
legislation  for  the  equitable  distribution  of  the  same. 

11.  We  recognize  the  noble  services  of  woman  in  the  temperance 
reform,  and  in  every  elevating,  purifying,  beneficent  work  affecting 
the  interest  of  our  race;  and  we  believe  that  enlightened  patriotism 
and   manly  courage   demand  the  assertion  at  this  time  that  woman 
is  entitled  of  right  to  the  privileges  of  the  elective  franchise;  and 
so  believing,  in  the  interest  of  the  temperance  cause,  in  the  interest 
of  our  common  humanity,  for  the  safety  of  our  homes,  and  the  pro- 
tection of  our  free  institutions  now  threatened,  we  shall  insist  upon 
such  amendments  to  existing  laws  as  shall  fully  and  forever  enfran- 
chise the  women  of  our  country. 

The  following  resolution,  which  was  adopted,  brought  on  a  warm 
debate  : 

We  hail  with  pleasure  the  cultivation  of  the  grape  in  this  state, 
as  offering  our  people  a  most  pleasant,  healthful,  and  remunerative 
occupation,  and  an  incalculable  and  inexhaustible  mine  of  wealth  for 
many  centuries  to  come.  An  unlimited  market  will  always  be 
found  for  all  the  raisins,  syrups,  canned  fruit,  and  fresh  grapes  that 
the  state  can  produce.  We  are  assured  from  our  own  experience  so 
far,  and  from  the  past  history  and  the  present  condition  of  the 
people  who  have  prostituted  the  luscious  grape  to  the  vile  use  of 

29 


450      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

drunkenness,  that  the  wine  and  brandy  manufacture  is  the  most 
degrading,  demoralizing,  depraving,  and  pauperizing  business  which 
has  ever  cursed  the  world.  We  point  for  the  truth  of  this  to  the 
utter  ignorance,  poverty,  drunkenness,  and  moral  ruin  which  has 
enshrouded  Spain,  Portugal,  Italy,  Sicily,  Greece,  Hungary,  and  the 
wine  districts  of  Switzerland;  to  the  vice,  turbulence,  drunkenness, 
insanity,  and  suicides  of  France,  and  to  the  rapid  degeneration  of 
its  people.  We  point  to  the  fact  that  only  one  half  of  the  young 
men  of  France  are  physically  fit  for  military  duty  when  they  arrive 
at  the  legal  age.  We  denounce  the  promises  of  wealth  from  the 
production  of  wine  as  entirely  baseless  and  false. 

The  following  were  also  adopted  : 

That  while  by  the  enactment  of  a  prohibitory  law  we  will  deprive 
the  state  of  the  revenue  derived  from  the  production  and  sale  of 
liquors,  we  guarantee  the  diminution  of  expense  for  punishment  of 
crime  arising  from  the  production  and  sale  of  liquor  will  more  than 
compensate  for  the  loss  of  revenue  and  licenses. 

That  the  prohibition  home  protection  party  of  this  state,  pledges 
itself  and  its  candidates  to  an  immediate  and  material  reduction  in 
the  rates  and  amounts  annually  levied  for  state  taxation ;  that  we 
favor  the  abolishment  of  the  numerous  sinecure  offices  now  drawing 
large  amounts  from  the  state  treasury  for  salaries,  and  which  have 
been  maintained  by  both  the  democratic  and  republican  state 
administrations;  that  we  believe  the  high  valuation  of  property  and 
the  excessive  rates  so  levied  have  tended  and  continue  to  tend  to 
retard  the  development,  growth,  and  prosperity  of  the  state.  We 
regard  it  as  disgraceful  that  it  should  cost  annually  over  three 
millions  of  dollars,  wrung  by  taxation  from  160,000  voters  of  the 
state,  to  maintain  the  state  government. 

That  the  state  central  committee  urgently  recommend  the  holding 
of  prohibitory  conventions,  wherever  practicable,  in  all  the  counties 
of  this  state,  for  the  purpose  of  a  thorough  organization,  to  carry 
into  effect  the  objects  of  this  convention,  to  also  secure  the  elec- 
tion of  members  to  both  houses  of  the  legislature,  and  to  fill  their 
various  county  offices. 

That  the  state  central  committee  of  the  prohibition  home  protec- 
tion party  shall  have  no  power  to  fill  any  vacancy  occurring  in  the 
ticket  presented  and  nominated  by  this  convention,  by  reason  of  the 
declination  of  the  proposed  candidate  or  otherwise,  by  selecting  or 


GREENBACK  LABOR  CONVENTION.  451 

substituting  the  name  of  any  person  now  a  candidate  for  office  on 
the  ticket  of  either  the  republican,  democratic,  or  any  other  party. 

The  following  ticket  was  nominated,  without  opposition : 

For  governor,  Dr.  R.  H.  McDonald,  of  San  Francisco. 

For  lieutenant-governor,  William  Sims,  of  Yolo  county. 

For  secretary  of  state,  M.  C.  Winchester,  of  Sutter  county. 

For  state  controller,  Rev.  0.  A.  Bateman. 

For  state  treasurer,  Adam  Bayne. 

For  attorney-general,  Will  D.  Gould,  of  Los  Angeles. 

For  surveyor-general,  E.  K.  Hill,  of  Marysville. 

For  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  R.  A.  Grant,  of  Wood- 
land. 

For  clerk  of  supreme  court,  William  Orowhurst,  of  San  Francisco. 

For  justices  of  the  supreme  court,  H.  A.  Mayhew  and  Robert 
Thompson. 

For  members  of  congress — At  large,  A.  J.  Gregg,  Jesse  Yarnell. 
First  district,  James  McM.  Shafter ;  second  district,  J.  L.  Coles; 
third  district,  H.  S.  Graves;  fourth  district,  A.  B.  Hotchkiss. 

For  members  of  state  board  of  equalization,  H.  H.  Luse,  F. 
McD.  Green,  Charles  E.  Green,  D.  M.  Pyle. 

For  railroad  commissioners,  Howard  Andrews,  Hiram  Cummings, 
A.  D.  Boren. 

Bateman  declined  the  nomination  for  controller,  and  the  conven- 
tion nominated  John  M.  Rhodes,  of  Woodland.  He  also  declined, 
and  the  convention  named  D.  K.  Zumwalt.  He  afterward  declined, 
and  the  state  committee  named  Harvey  W.  Rice.  Bayne  declined 
the  nomination  for  treasurer,  and  J.  B.  Mullen  was  nominated. 
Mayhew  and  Thompson  declined,  and  afterward  Anson  Brunson  and 
Jackson  Temple  were  nominated  for  supreme  justices.  Gregg  de- 
clined, and  A.  B.  Hotchkiss  was  nominated  for  congressman  at  large, 
and  M.  V.  Wright  was  nominated  for  congress  from  the  fourth  dis- 
trict. On  October  3d,  Pyle  declined,  and  the  vacancy  was  not  filled. 

The  greenback  labor  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  Septem- 
ber 6th.  E.  J.  Shellhouse  was  elected  temporary  president.  The 
proceedings  were  very  stormy  throughout.  The  committee  on  plat- 
form consisted  of  F.  Woodward,  Mrs.  T.  J.  McQuiddy,  Mrs.  Marian 
Todd,  and  others.  Their  report  adopted  and  incorporated  the  plat- 
form of  the  national  greenback  party,  and  contained  in  addition  the 
following : 


452       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

1.  We  demand,  as  due  to  the  laws  of  nature,  that  the  present 
Sunday  law  be  sustained,  and   so  amended  as  to  make  it  effective 
and  equal  and  just  to  all  persons. 

2.  We  demand  the  .prohibition  of  the  manufacture,   importation 
and  sale  of  all  intoxicating  liquors,  except  for  medicinal  and  scien- 
tific purposes,  and  demand  legislative  provision  for  the  submission 
of  this  and   all  other  important  questions  upon  which   there  is  or 
may  become  any  considerable  difference  of  opinion,  to  a  direct  vote 
of  the  people. 

Another  resolution  called  for  a  reduction  of  25  per  cent,  on  the 
rates  of  freights  and  fares ;  another  insisted  that  the  lands  granted 
to  railroads  under  conditions  which  had  not  been  complied  with, 
and  not  taken  up  by  actual  settlers,  should  revert  to  the  public  do- 
main. The  platform  was  adopted  after  a  warm  debate. 

The  following  nominations  were  made :  Thomas  J.  McQuiddy, 
for  governor ;  W.  J.  Sweasy,  for  lieutenant-governor ;  Mrs.  Marian 
Todd,  for  attorney -general ;  Stephen  Maybell  and  Warren  Chase, 
for  congressmen  at  large ;  Robert  Summers,  for  secretary  of  state ; 
M.  E.  Morse,  for  controller ;  L.  Keating,  for  treasurer ;  W.  J.  Cuth- 
bertson,  for  surveyor-general ;  E.  J.  Shellhouse,  for  school  superin- 
tendent ;  W.  0.  Stratton  and  John  Clark,  for  justices  of  the  supreme 
court ;  J.  F.  O'Toole,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court ;  G.  T.  Elliott, 
J.  H.  Redstone,  and  J.  H.  Holloway,  for  railroad  commissioners ; 
H.  S.  Fitch,  congressman  from  the  first  district;  F.  Woodward, 
from  the  second ;  W.  0.  Howe,  from  the  third,  and  Isaac  Kinley, 
from  the  fourth ;  L.  W.  Kidd,  for  member  of  the  state  board  of 
equalization  from  the  first  district ;  Thomas  McOonnell,  from  the 
second ;  T.  J.  Goin,  from  the  third ;  and  J.  S.  Loveland,  from  the 
fourth. 

A  grangers'  state  convention  met  at  Stockton  on  October  7th, 
and  was  presided  over  by  J.  V.  Webster.  A  lengthy, platform  was 
adopted,  and  the  following  nominations  were  made  : 

For  railroad  commissioners,  Charles  F.  Reed  from  the  first  dis- 
trict, John  T.  Doyle  from  the  second  district,  and  W.  W.  Foote 
from  the  third  district. 

For  members  of  the  board  of  equalization,  James  A.  Withington 
from  the  first  district,  L.  0.  Morehouse  from  the  second,  C.  E.  Wil- 
coxon  from  the  third,  and  0.  W.  Dana  from  the  fourth. 

For  state  controller,  John  P.  Dunn. 

It  was  decided  to  make  no  nominations  for  the  other  state  offices. 


RESULT  OF  ELECTION.  453 

The  election  was  held  on  November  7th,  and  the  official  returns 
developed  the  following  result  :  For  governor,  Estee,  67,175;  Stone- 
man,  90,694  ;  McDonald,  5,772  ;  McQuiddy,  1,020.  For  lieutenant- 
governor,  Conklin,  71,640;  Daggett,  87,944;  Sims,  3,783;  Sweasy, 
1,138.  For  justices  of  the  supreme  court  Hunt,  73,259  ;  Denson, 
69,769  ;  Sharpstein.  88,527;  Ross,  89,363  ;  Brunson,  2,860  ;  Temple, 
2,402;  Stratton,  1,096;  Clark,  718;: — For  secretary  of  state,  Pedlar, 
73,471;  Thompson,  87,170;  Winchester,  2,893;  Summers,  1,176. 
For  controller,  Davies,  74,152 ;  Dunn,  86,031  ;  Rice,  2,435 ;  Morse, 
1,085;  D.  K.  Zumwalt,  183.  For  treasurer,  Weil,  74,096;  Janu- 
ary, 86,591  ;  Mullen,  2,971  ;  Keating,  1,052.  For  attorney-general, 
Hart,  72,955;  Marshall,  87,174;  Gould,  2,897;  Todd,  1,109.  For 
surveyor-general,  Minto,  73,599;  Willey,  86,836;  Hill,  3,116; 
Cuthbertson,  1,111.  For  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  Gross,  74,351  ; 
McCarthy,  86,158  ;  Crowhurst,  3,176  ;  O'Toole,  1,104.  For  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction,  Waterman,  73,906  ;  Welcker,  86,896; 
Grant,  2,854;  Shellhouse,  1,101.  For  railroad  commissioners:  First 
district— Reed,  29,125  ;  Carpenter,  31,481  ;  Andrews,  1,370;  Elliott, 
705.  Second  district— Clayton,  14,219;  Humphreys,  21,601  ;  Cum- 
mings,  226  ;  Redstone,  71  ;  Doyle,  5,455.  Third  district— Gibson, 
26,815;  Foote,  31,694;  Boren,  955;  Holloway,  163.  For  state 
board  of  equalization:  First  district — Johnson,  16,226;  Gildea,  22,- 
192;  Luse,  270;  Kidd,  95.  Second  district— Morehouse,  20,326; 
Crutcher,  19,332  ;  Green,  605  ;  McConnell,  103.  Third  district— 
Kimball,  17,731;  Wilcoxon,  22,291;  Green,  130;  Goin,  912. 
Fourth  district— Dana,  19,184;  Markley,  22,602;  Loveland,  336. 
For  congressmen  at  large,  Morrow,  73,747;  Edgerton,  73,454 ;  Sum- 
ner,  87,233;  Glascock,  87,259;  Hotchkiss,  2,786;  Yarnell,  2,722; 
Chase,  1,139;  Maybell,  1,090.  First  district— Neuman,  14,847; 
Rosecrans,  22,733;  Shafter,  580;  Fitch,  67.  Second  district- 
Page,  19,246;  Budd,  20,229;  Coles,  478;  Woodward,  78.  Third 
district— DeHaven,  19,473;  Henley,  21,807;  Graves,  862;  Howe, 
404.  Fourth  district— Woods,  18,387;  Tully,  23,105;  Wright, 
650;  Kinley,  355. 


I 

454       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

CHAPTER  XXXII. 

1884.  Republican  Convention,  April  soth — Democratic  Convention — 
Prohibition  Convention — People's  Convention — Republican  Conven- 
tion, July  23d — Irrigation  Convention,  May  i4th — Irrigation  Conven- 
tion, December  3d. 

The  republican  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco  on  March 
4th  and  called  a  state  convention  to  meet  at  Oakland  on  April  30th, 
to  select  16  delegates  to  attend  the  national  convention  to  be  held 
in  Chicago  on  June  3d.  The  state  convention  selected  E.  A.  Davis 
for  chairman,  and  the  committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of  G.  G. 
Blanchard,  M.  M.  Estee,  S.  C.  Denson,  0.  C.  Bush,  Charles  F.  Reed, 
J.  K.  Doak,  William  H.  Parks,  D.  McPherson,  Walter  Van  Dyke, 
W.  G.  Long,  W.  H.  Cheney,  and  others.  The  committee  reported 
the  following,  which  were  unanimously  adopted: 

1.  That  the  republicans  of  California  endorse  the  national  admin- 
istration, and  hereby  renew  their  allegiance  to  the  principles  of  the 
party  as  illustrated  and  made  conspicuous  in  the  twenty-eight  years 
of  its  existence. 

2.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  protecting  home  industry  and  enter- 
prise, and  such  legislation  as  will  tend  to  maintain  and  support  our 
own  people.     We  are,  therefore,  in  favor  of  a  tariff  for  protection, 
adjusted  by  a  wise  discrimination  to  the  wants  of  the  government  in 
the  matter  of  revenue,  so  as  to  secure  the  best  results  for  the  greatest 
number. 

7  3.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  such  amendments  to  the  Chinese  exclu- 
sion act  as  will  effectively  prevent  any  evasion  of  its  letter  or  spirit, 
and  will  secure  to  our  people  absolute  protection  against  any  and 
all  forms  of  Chinese  immigration;  and  we  further  declare  that  the 
act  so  amended  should  be  made  perpetual. 

4.  That  it  is  to  the  republican  party  that  the  nation  must  look  to 
repel  the  spirit  of  communism  and  agrarianism,  and  for  the  establish- 
ment and  protection  of  the  freedmen  and  rights  of  the  citizen. 

5.  That^the  delegates  elected  to  the  national  republican  conven- 
tion be  and  they  are  hereby  instructed  to  vote  for  and  use  all  honor- 
able means'for  the  nomination  of  James  G.  Blaine  for  president  of 
the  United  States  so  long  as  he  remains  a  candidate  before  said  con- 
vention. 

6.  That  the  commissioner  of  agriculture  should  be  made  a  cabinet 
officer,   and  [our  delegates  are   instructed  to  urge  a  plank    in   the 
national  platform  favoring  this  idea. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTIONS.  455 

7.  That  the  consideration  of  all  matters  affecting  state  policy  be 
deferred  until  the  meeting  of  our  next  state  convention. 

8.  That  the  services  of  Senator  John  F.  Miller  are  deserving  of 
public  approbation.     His  appointment   to  the  chairmanship  of  the 
committee  on  foreign  relations  in  the  senate  was  a  just  recognition 
of  eminent  ability.     His  able  advocacy  of  the  prohibition  of  servile 
Chinese  immigration  has  met  with  a  responsive  favor  from  all  classes 
of  citizens  and  has  materially  strengthened  the  cause  of  the  republi- 
can party. 

Wm.  W.  Morrow,  George  A.  Knight,  Thomas  R.  Bard,  and 
Horace  Davis  were  elected  delegates  at  large,  over  Horace  F.  Page, 
R.  W.  Simpson,  Creed  Raymond,  Frank  M.  Pixley,  James  McM. 
Shafter,  and  R.  0.  Gaskill.  Page,  Pixley,  Gaskill,  and  Shafter 
were  selected  alternates  at  large.  The  following  were  selected  from 
the  districts  : 

First  district — C.  0.  Bush  and  Byron  0.  Carr  for  delegates,  over 
R.  K.  Nichols,  H.  W.  Byington,  and  J.  D.  Byers.  Byington  and 
Byers  were  elected  alternates.  ' 

Second  district — Wm.  H.  Parks  and  George  W.  Schell  for  dele- 
gates, over  S.  W.  Sperry.  David  E.  Knight  and  Timothy  H.  Bar- 
nard were  selected  as  alternates. 

Third  district — Wm.  Johnston  and  Eli  S.  Denison  for  delegates, 
over  T.  H.  Thompson,  Wallace  R.  Pond,  and  Henry  P.  Wood. 
Thompson  and  Pond  were  selected  alternates. 

Fourth  district — David  McClure  and  Charles  F.  Crocker  for 
delegates,  and  Frank  French  and  Wm.  B.  May  for  alternates. 

Fifth  district — Adolph  B.  Spreckles  and  Maurice  0.  Blake  for 
delegates,  over  J.  W.  Rea  and  Sargent  S.  Morton.  Rea  and  Morton 
were  elected  alternates. 

Sixth  district — David  C.  Reed  and  Oregon  Sanders  for  dele- 
gates, over  W.  S.  Beebe,  W.  H.  Norway,  and  Thomas  Flint.  Edwin 
W.  Crooks  and  Thomas  Flint  were  elected  alternates. 

The  democratic  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco  on  March 
llth  and  called  a  state  convention  to  meet  at  Stockton  on  June  10th, 
to  nominate  delegates  to  the  national  convention  to  be  held  in  Chi- 
cago on  July  8th,  and  also  the  presidential  electors.  The  state  con- 
vention was  called  to  order  by  John  H.  Wise,  the  chairman  of  -the 
state  committee.  Stephen  M.  White  was  chosen  temporary  chair- 
man, without  opposition ;  H.  M.  LaRue  declining.  The  committee 


456       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

on  resolutions  consisted  of  D.  M.  Delmas,  Fisher  Ames,  W.  J. 
Tinnin,  M.  E.  0.  Munday,  Marion  Biggs,  Niles  Searls,  M.  F.  Tarpey, 
E.  E.  Leake,  0.  P.  Berry,  Byron  Waters,  and  others.  On  the  llth, 
a  permanent  organization  was  effected  by  the  selection  of  White  as 
president;  and  W.  J.  Tinnin,  Jo  Hamilton,  Peter  Hopkins,  and 
others,  vice-presidents.  The  committee  on  resolutions  reported  the 
following : 

The  democracy  of  California,   in  convention   assembled,  hereby 
announce  the  following  principles  : 

1.  That  we  do  now  reaffirm  our  unwavering  fealty  and  adherence 
to  the  anti-monopoly  principles  which  have  ever  been  the  doctrine 
of  democrats,  not  only  in  this  state,  but  throughout  the  union,  and 
proclaim  our  unshaken  faith  in  the  principles  set  forth  in  the  San 
Jose  platform  of  1882. 

2.  That  we  hold  the  calling  of  the  extra  session  of  the  legislature 
to  have  been  a  wise,  politic  and  patriotic  act  on  the  part  of  Governor 
Stoneman,  warranted  by  the  embarrassment  of  the  finances  of  the 
state,  caused  by  the  contumacious  refusal  of  the  railroad  corpora- 
tions to  pay  their  taxes,  and  the  condition  of  public  affairs  engen- 
dered by  their  open  defiance  of  the  laws,  and  their  pernicious  influ- 
ence in  preventing  the  regulation  of  freights  and  fares   and  the 
suppression  of  abuses  in  transportation. 

3.  That  the  late  extra  session  of  the  legislature  marks  an  epoch 
in  the  contest  between  the  people  and  the  monopolies,  and  is  an 
event  which  sets  forth  in  a  clear  and  unmistakable  light  before  the 
people  the  baneful  arts  and  corrupt  practices  by  which  the  railroad 
monopoly,  in  furtherance  of  its  own  selfish  and  grasping  policy,  either 
controls  legislation  or  defeats  measures   calculated  for  the   public 
good. 

4.  That,  as  all  legislation  at  the  late  extra  session   calculated  to 
relieve  the  people  of  the  state  from  the  insolent  and  oppressive  rule 
of  railroad  corporations  was  frustrated  by  the  republican  party — 
seven-eighths  of  whose  members  in  the  senate,  and  three-fourths  of 
whose   assemblymen  in  the   house   voted  solidly   and    persistently 
against  such  legislation;  and  as  the  conduct   of  these  republican 
representatives  not  only  was  not  rebuked,  but  was  tacitly  approved 
by  the  late  republican  convention  in   Oakland,  and  as  that  conven- 
tion openly  condemned  as  agrarian  and  communistic  all  attempts  at 
anti- monopoly   legislation,  and  emphasized  its  hostile  attitude   by 
sending  as  its  chosen  delegates  to  Chicago  men  who  were  openly 


THE   ^-STOCKTON"   CONVENTION.  457 

interested  in  railroad  and  other  monopolies,  or  who  were  notoriously 
and  avowedly  the  pliant  tools  of  such  monopolists ;  therefore,  we 
denounce  the  republican  party  of  California  as  untrue  to  the  people, 
leagued  with  the  enemies  of  the  state,  and  subservient  to  the  dicta- 
tion of  wealth  and  power,  against  the  interest  of  the  people. 

5.  That  we  are  not  unmindful  of  the  conduct  of  certain  demo- 
cratic officers  and  legislators,  who  co-operated  with  the  republicans 
at  the  late  extra  session  in  frustrating  the  will  of  the  people  and 
antagonizing  the  true  interests  of  the  state.     That  while  no  amount 
of  care  can  at  all  times  prevent  the  intrusion  into  parties  of  faith- 
less men,  who  enter  with  a  false  pledge  upon  their  lips  merely  to 
ruin  and  betray — yet  the  party  becomes  responsible  for  the  conduct 
of  such  recreant  members  only  when,   having  discovered  them,  it 
fails  to  condemn  their  course ;  that  it  is  the  duty  of  a  party,  if  it 
is    true   to   itself    and    to   the    people,    to    expel    from    its    ranks 
and   denounce  as  unworthy  of   public  trust  and   lost  to  all  sense 
of    honor,    traitors    and    pledge-breakers.     Therefore,    we    do   now 
denounce  railroad  commissioners  Carpenter  and  Humphreys,   who 
have  broken  their  pledges  with  reference  to  freight  and  fare  reduc- 
tions ;  Lieutenant-governor  John  Daggett,  whose  casting  vote  was 
ever  thrown  into  the  scale  to  turn  the  balance  against  the  people ; 
Attorney-general   Marshall,  who  violated  his  solemn  pledge,  taken 
at  San  Jose,  that  in  the  collection  of  revenues  from  railroads  there 
should    be   no    compromises ;    and   those    democratic    senators    and 
assemblymen  who  at  the  late  session  of  the  legislature  proved  faith- 
less to  their  pledges   and   betrayed  the  cause  of  the  people — men 
whose  recreant  conduct  has  since  met  with  such  emphatic  denuncia- 
tion and  rebuke  at  the  hands  of  their  own  local  constituencies. 

6.  That  under  the  great  law  of  equality  of  rights  and  equality  of 
burdens,  which  is  the  fundamental  principle  of  all  free  republics, 
and  the  corner-stone  of  democracy,  we  favor  the  passage  of  revenue 
laws  which  shall  compel  corporations  to  pay  their  taxes  as  individuals 
pay  theirs. 

7.  That  we  proclaim  our  unshaken  confidence  in  the  ability  of  the 
people  to  govern  themselves  and  to  enforce  obedience  to  their  laws, 
even  from  overgrown  corporations  and  gigantic  monopolies.     We 
denounce  as  degrading  to  the  dignity  of  the  state  and  fatal  to  its 
sovereignty  all  compromises  in  the  enforcement  of  laws,  and  main- 
tain that  the   people  owe  it  to  themselves  not  to  remit  to  rich  and 
powerful    corporations    penalties    for    violated    laws    which,   under 

similar  circumstances,  they  exact  from  individuals. 


458       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

8.  That  we  reaffirm  our  adherence  to  the  doctrine  laid  down  ir* 
the  San  Jose  platform  of  1882,  that  the  democratic  party  is  opposed 
to  all  legislation  of  a  sumptuary  character  and  all  laws  intended  to 
restrain  a  free  and  full  exercise  by  any  citizen  of  his  own  religious 
and  political  opinions,  so  long  as  he  leaves  others  to  enjoy  their  rights 
unmolested.     That   the   present    system  of   imposing    an  excessive 
license  tax  upon  certain  classes  of  business  is  contrary  to  the  spirit 
of  democracy. 

9.  That  the  interference  of  the   federal  judiciary  under  existing 
laws  in  restraining  the  collection  of  our  state  taxes  on  the  property 
of  railroad  corporations  and  in  interfering  with  the  enforcement  of 
our  state  revenue  laws  has  greatly  embarrassed  the  administration  of 
our  state  government  and  justly  meets  with  general  condemnation  ; 
therefore,  we  invoke  congress  for  such  remedial  legislation  as  may 
protect  us  in  the  exercise  of  this  important  incident  of  sovereignty. 

10.  That  while  we  recognize  the  importance  of  encouraging  the 
building  and  operation  of  railroads  in  this  state  and  the  advantages 
which  ought  to  accrue  to  the  people  from  the  facilities  which  rail- 
road transportation  would  afford,  if  fully  and  impartially  given  to 
all,  we  view  with  alarm  the  power  of  the  railroad  monopoly  as  mani- 
fested in  its  pernicious  and  corrupting  interference  in  politics  and  in 
its  control  of  officials  elected  by  the  people. 

11.  That  we  are  opposed  to  all  prohibitory  tariffs  intended  to 
create  or  foster  monopolies  or  exclusive  privileges.     We  favor  the 
raising  of  sufficient  revenues  for  the  necessary  support  of  the  govern- 
ment and  the  gradual  discharge  of  all  its  obligations,  and  for  this 
purpose  we  are  in  favor  of  a  tariff  so  adjusted  as  to  give  incidental 
protection  to  home  labor  and  home  industries,  placing  the  burdens, 
as  far  as  possible,  on  the  luxuries  and  exempting  the  necessaries  of 
life.     The  details  of  this  adjustment  we  submit  to  the  judgment  of 
a  democratic  congress. 

12.  That  the  ownership  of  large  tracts  of  land  by  non-resident 
aliens  is  an  evil  not  to  be  tolerated  in  the  United  States. 

13.  That  we  demand  that  all  grants  of  public  lands  heretofore 
made  for  the  benefit  of  corporations  which  have  not  complied  with 
the  conditions  of  the  grant  be  immediately  declared  forfeited  and 
the  lands  restored  to  the  public  domain,  to  be  disposed  of  as  all  other 
public  lands  are  now  disposed  of,  in  reasonable  quantities,  and  to 
none  but  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  persons  who  have  declared 
their  intention  to  become  such,  who  are  actual  settlers  thereon. 

14.  That  our  delegates  to  the  convention  in  Chicago  be  instructed? 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  459> 

to  use  their  best  efforts  to  have  a  plank  inserted  in  the  national 
platform  declaring  against  national  banks,  believing  that  all  paper 
money  necessary  to  be  used  as  currency  should  be  issued  directly  by 
the  national  government  and  not  through  the  instrumentality  of 
national  banks — collecting,  as  they  do,  a  premium  on  the  issuance 
of  public  money  resting  upon  a  public  debt  and  with  no  real  responsi- 
bility on  the  part  of  stockholders  to  their  depositors. 

15.  That  we  condemn  the  employment  of  Chinese  or  convict  labor  r 
in  competition  with  the  laboring  classes  of  this  state  ;  and  that  the       ^ 
interests  of  American  civilization  demand  that  the  gates  shall  be 
sealed  forever  against   the  immigration   or  importation  of   Asiatic 
coolies  under  any  pretense  whatever. 

16.  That  we  condemn  the  practice  of  selection  by  county  com- 
mittees of  delegates  to  conventions,  as  contrary  to  the  principles  of 
democracy. 

17.  That  we  demand  of  the  state  board  of  railroad  commissioners 
the  early  formulation  and  passage  of  a  schedule  of  freights  from  the 
interior  to  tide-water  which  will  secure  to  the  farmers  a  material 
reduction  on  the  transportation  of  the  crop  of  1884. 

18.  That,  recognizing  the  transcendent  importance  of  agriculture 
and  the  fact  that  its  success  is  indispensable  to  the  prosperity  of  our 
country,  we  believe  it  should  have  a  voice  in  the  cabinet  councils  of 
the  nation;  and  that  our  delegates  to  the  Chicago  convention  be  and 
they  are   hereby  instructed  to  use  their  best  efforts  to  procure  the 
insertion  of  a  clause  in  the  platform  pledging  the  party  to  create 
the  office  of  secretary  of  agriculture,  the  incumbent  of  which  shall 
be  a  practical  agriculturist  and  a  member  of  the  president's  cabinet. 

19.  That  we  favor,  the  adoption  of  the  proposed  amendment  to 
the  state  constitution,  providing  for  the  publication  of  text-books 
for  the  public  schools  of  the  state. 

20.  That  we  adhere  to  the  democratic  doctrine  that  it  is  the  im- 
perative duty  of  the  government  of  the  United  States  to  protect 
alike  the   native-born   and  the  naturalized   citizens,   and  that  the 
whole  force  of  the  government  should  be  exerted  in  behalf  of  a  nat- 
uralized citizen  should  he  be  conscripted  in  a  foreign  army. 

21.  That  the  choice  of  the  democracy  of  California  for  president 
and  vice-president  is  Samuel  J.  Tilden  and  Thomas  A.  Hendricks, 
not  only  because  they  are  living  representatives  of  the  traditional 
principles  of  the  democratic  party,  but  also  because  their  nomination 
and  election  is  a  necessity  of  retributive  justice. 

22.  That  in  case  any  unforeseen  cause  should  prevent  the  accept- 


460      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

ance  of  the  presidential  nomination  by  Samuel  J.  Tilden,  our  second 
choice  is  Allen  G.  Thurman. 

23.  That  the  democracy  of  California  unanimously  repudiates  the 
presidential  aspirations  of  Stephen  J.  Field,  and  that  we  hereby 
pledge  ourselves  to  vote  for  no  man  as  delegate  to  the  national  con- 
vention of  July  8,  1884,  who  will  not  before  this  convention  pledge 
himself  to  use  his  earnest  endeavors  to  defeat  these  aspirations. 

A  motion  to  strike  out  the  23d  resolution  was  lengthily  debated, 
and  lost  by  a  vote  of  19  to  453.  A  motion  to  strike  out  the  cen- 
sure of  Attorney -general  Marshall  was  also  lost  by  a  vote  of  229  to 
242.  The  resolutions  as  reported  by  the  committee  were  then 
adopted.  The  following  resolution  was  also  adopted : 

That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  convention  that  a  constitutional  amend- 
ment, proposing  the  election  of  three  railroad  commissioners,  should 
be  presented  by  the  next  legislature  to  the  people,  to  be  voted  on 
within  90  days,  the  election  to  be  at  large,  and  at  the  same  time  as 
the  general  election  of  1886,  and  the  term  to  be  four  years.  On 
the  adoption  of  the  amendment  by  the  people,  the  governor  to  ap- 
point three  commissioners,  to  take  the  place  of  the  three  removed 
by  the  adoption  of  the  amendment. 

A  state  central  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  W.  D.  Eng- 
lish, Robt.  Tobin,  Archibald  Yell,  Thomas  F.  Barry,  W.  A.  Selkirk, 
R.  0.  Cravens,  George  T.  Marye,  Patrick  Reddy,  J.  D.  Goodwin, 
J.  T.  Harrington,  D.  N.  Hershey,  J.  W.  Gates,  J.  G.  Wolfskill,  D. 
A.  Ostrom,  E.  G.  Blessing,  John  Foley,  A.  M.- Burns,  J.  J.  Flynn, 
Peter  Hopkins,  D.  J.  Oullahan,  J.  D.  Spencer,  Wallace  Leach,  and 
others. 

The  following  were  elected  delegates  to  the  national  convention  : 

At  large — William  Dunphy,  of  San  Francisco;  0.  F.  Foster,  of 
Teh  am  a ;  Thomas  J.  Clunie;  Hugh  M.  La  Rue,  of  Sacramento. 
T.  H.  Williams,  T.  G.  Hill,  W.  W.  Lyman,  Hugh  J.  Mohan, 
alternates. 

First  district — H.  C.  Wilson,  of  Tehama ;  Dennis  Spencer,  of 
Napa.  W.  E.  McConnell,  of  Sonoma ;  Archibald  Yell,  of  Mendo- 
cino,  alternates. 

Second  district — J.  W.  Breckinridge,  of  Merced ;  Niles  Searls,  of 
Nevada.  W.  E.  Eichelroth,  R.  B.  Hugg,  alternates. 

Third  district  — W.  B.  English,  of  Contra  Costa ;  M.  F.  Tarpey, 
of  Alameda.  Dr.  Dobbins,  of  Vacaville  j  H.  H.  Reid,  of  Alameda, 
alternates. 


DEMOCRA  TIC  NOMINA  TIONS.  461 

Fourth  district — J.  A.  Wright,  of  San  Francisco ;  Louis  Holtz,  of 
San  Francisco.  Abe  Neuman,  A.  M.  Burns,  alternates. 

Fifth  district — Maurice  Schmidt,  of  San  Francisco;  Lawrence 
Archer,  of  Santa  Clara.  J.  W.  McDonald,  Jesse  Cook,  alternates. 

Sixth  district — L.  J.  Rose,  of  Los  Angeles;  A.  B.  Butler,  of 
Fresno.  T.  J.  Arnold,  of  San  Diego;  J.  W.  Ferguson,  of  Fresno, 
alternates. 

The  following  were  nominated  for  presidential  electors  and  alter- 
nates: 

At  large — Charles  Kohler,  of  San  Francisco ;  C.  P.  Berry,  of  Sut- 
ter.  J.  0.  Shorb,  of  San  Francisco;  J.  T.  Harrington,  of  Colusa, 
alternates. 

First  district — W.  J.  Tinnin,  of  Trinity.  Richard  Bayne,  of 
Colusa,  alternate. 

Second  district — G.  G.  Goucher,  of  Mariposa.  F.  D.  ISTicol,  of 
Tuolumne,  alternate. 

Third  district — J.  C.  Martin,  of  Alameda.  Nathaniel  Jones,  of 
Contra  Costa,  alternate. 

Fourth  district — George  T.  Marye.     J.  M.  Eaton,  alternate. 

Fifth  district — James  T.  Murphy,  of  Santa  Clara.  Edward 
White,  of  Santa  Cruz,  alternate. 

Sixth  district— W.  H.  Webb,  of  Monterey.  A.  J.  At  well,  of 
Tulare,  alternate. 

On  June  17th,  Shorb,  a  nominee  for  alternate  elector  at  large, 
published  the  following  declination: 

Anticipating  a  speedy  and  entire  restoration  to  health,  and  desir- 
ing, in  the  coming  presidential  campaign,  to  speak,  and  with 
authority,  in  behalf  of  those  principles  which  the  democratic  party 
has  always  illustrated  and  maintained  as  vital  and  essential  to  the 
perpetuity  of  our  form  of  government,  and  indispensable  to  the 
preservation  of  the  liberty,  prosperity,  and  happiness  of  the  people, 
I  allowed  my  name  to  be  presented  as  an  alternate  elector  before 
the  Stockton  convention.  To  this  position  I  was  elected,  I  believe, 
by  acclamation.  I  wish  now  to  resign  this  position. 

The  convention  at  Stockton  was  called  for  the  purpose  of  select- 
ing delegates  to  the  national  convention,  and  electors  on  the  national 
ticket.  It  was  not  called  to  pass  resolutions  of  eulogy  on  the  wis- 
dom of  calling  the  extra  session  of  the  legislature,  or  to  relate  the 
reasons  of  its  ignominious — indeed,  its  absolute  failure.  It  was  not 


462       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

called  to  pass  resolutions  of  repudiation  of  any  aspirant  to  the 
.presidency,  here  or  elsewhere,  or  to  rehearse  the  alleged  or  suspected 
infamy  and  treason  of  certain  democratic  officers  of  the  state  gov- 
ernment, or  members  of  the  legislature  in  the  upper  and  lower 
house.  It  was  not  called  to  signalize  the  ambition  of  some  men,  or 
to  vent  the  spite  and  disappointment  of  others.  Finally,  it  was  not 
called  to  invade,  even  by  resolution,  vested  rights,  to  terrorize  cor- 
porations, or  put  on  exhibition  the  purity  of  one  newspaper,  and  its 
devotion  to  the  interests  of  the  people,  or  crystallize  the  claims  of 
certain  men  for  future  preferment  in  the  party. 

Beading  over  the  platform  of  this  convention,  an  outsider  would 
be  led  to  regard  the  selection  of  national  delegates  and  presidential 
electors  as  entirely  secondary  to  the  manifestations  of  demagogism, 
communism,  persecution,  injustice,  spite,  and  tyranny  that  pervade 
the  platform  and  resolutions  from  beginning  to  end.  If  I  went  be- 
fore the  people  they  would  understand  I  indorsed  the  spirit  and 
letter  of  this  platform.  This,  I  cannot  in  conscience  do,  for  I  am  a 
democrat,  and  democracy  means  freedom  in  its  largest  and  holiest 
aspect.  It  means  equal  rights  to  all;  the  right  to  worship  God  ac- 
cording to  our  own  light;  the  right  to  act  and  vote  in  harmony  with 
our  own  ideas  and  convictions  of  principle  and  utility.  The  attempt, 
unparalleled  in  the  history  of  all  conventions,  democratic  and  repub- 
lican, to  force  men  to  think  and  act  with  us  under  any  and  all  cir- 
cumstances, and  meeting  disaster  and  failure  as  it  ought;  the  attempt, 
I  repeat,  by  resolution,  to  expel  them  from  the  party  for  such  reason, 
is  tyranny  and  insolence,  and  not  democracy.  Finally,  it  is  a  move- 
ment which,  I  believe,  will  not  be  indorsed  by  men  of  intelligence, 
honesty  and  patriotism  in  the  democratic  party  throughout  the 
state  of  California,  for  it  is  in  deadly  antagonism  to  the  spirit  and 
performance  of  those  pure  civic  virtues  which  should  fill  and  ani- 
mate the  breast  of  every  good  citizen — virtues  without  whose  cohe- 
sive force  parties  themselves  must  fall  into  decay  and  ruin  at  last. 

On  the  19th,  Charles  Kohler,  a  nominee  for  elector  at  large,  ad- 
dressed the  following  to  the  state  committee : 

The  democratic  convention  that  recently  met  at  Stockton  adopted 
a  platform,  condemned  several  gentlemen  for  their  official  conduct, 
and  gratuitously  assailed  a  distinguished  citizen  of  California,  whose 
name  will  be  presented  to  the  democratic  national  convention  for 
the  highest  office  in  the  gift  of  the  American  people. 

The  state  convention  placed  my  name  on  the  electoral  ticket,  and 


PROHIBITION  CONVENTION.  463 

if  I  remain  silent  I  shall  be  regarded  as  approving  all  the  doctrines 
enunciated  in  the  Stockton  platform.  There  are  principles  embodied 
in  that  declaration  which  I  do  not  approve;  and  I  most  emphati- 
cally dissent  from  each  and  every  expression  condemnatory  of  Judge 
Field.  Entertaining  such  views,  I  deem  it  my  duty  to  the  demo- 
cratic party  to  state  them  thus  publicly. 

It  is  my  purpose  to  give  my  cordial  support  to  the  ticket  that 
shall  be  nominated  at  Chicago  in  July,  and  notwithstanding  what 
was  said  and  done  at  Stockton,  I  sincerely  hope  that  Judge  Field 
will  be  nominated  at  Chicago.  If  the  committee  over  which  you 
preside  is  not  satisfied  with  my  attitude  as  herein  stated,  it  is  at 
liberty  to  substitute  another  name  for  mine  as  an  elector. 

Kohler  afterward  withdrew  his  resignation.  On  July  26th,  the 
state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco  for  the  purpose  of  filling  the 
vacancies  caused  by  resignations.  Thomas  H.  Laine  was  nominated 
for  alternate  elector  at  large  in  place  of  Shorb;  Edwin  Swinford 
was  substituted  in  place  of  Bayne,  as  alternate  from  the  first  dis- 
trict, and  John  A.  Stanly  for  elector  from  the  third  district  in  place 
of  Martin.  Afterward  Goucher  declined,  and  on  August  26th,  the 
second  district  convention  nominated  Marion  Biggs  for  elector. 

The  various  district  conventions  met  at  Stockton  on  June  10th, 
and  nominated  the  following  for  congressmen. 

Barclay  Henley  from  the  first  district,  without  opposition. 

James  H.  Budd  from  the  second  district,  without  opposition. 

John  R.  Glascock  from  the  third  district,  without  opposition. 

R.  P.  Hastings  from  the  fourth  district,  on  the  first  ballot,  by  a 
vote  of  56,  to  9  for  Charles  A.  Sumner;  W.  S.  Bosecrans  declining. 

Frank  J.  Sullivan  from  the  fifth  district,  without  opposition. 

B.  F.  Del  Valle  from  the  sixth  district,  without  opposition. 

Budd  afterward  declined  to  be  a  candidate,  and  on  August  26th, 
the  second  district  convention  again  met  at  Stockton  and  nominated 
Charles  A.  Sumner,  without  opposition. 

The  prohibition  state  convention  met  at  San  Francisco  on  June 
17th,  and  was  called  to  order  by  George  Babcock,  the  chairman  of 
the  state  committee.  About  200  delegates  were  present.  Babcock 
was  elected  temporary  chairman,  and  on  permanent  organization, 
Joel  Russell  was  president. 

R.  H.  McDonald,  J.  L.  Coles,  J.  A.  Fairbanks,  and  T.  M.  Wills 
were  elected  delegates  at  large  to  attend  the  national  convention  to 


464       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

be  held  at  Pittsburg  on  July  23d,  and  the  following  were  chosen 
from  the  districts. 

First  district — H.  A.  Mayhew,  W.  G.  Swan,  and  J.  N.  Lining. 

Second  district— W.  M.  Tharp,  0.  A.  Bateman,  and  F.  McD. 
Green. 

Third  district— H.  J.  Becker,  0.  N.  Goulding,  and  H.  L.  Ross. 

Fourth  district — Captain  A.  D.  Wood,  Colonel  George  Babcock, 
and  S.  F.  Dutton. 

Fifth  district— Mrs.  E.  P.  Stevens,  E.  B.  Fowler,  and  Mrs.  A.  P. 
Ellis. 

Sixth  district — Judge  George  Steele,  Will  D.  Gould,  and  Samuel 
Fowler. 

The  committee  on  platform  and  resolutions  submitted  the  follow- 
ing report,  which  was  adopted  : 

The  prohibition  home  protection  party,  now  in  state  convention 
assembled,  reaffirms  and  pledges  itself  anew  to  the  following  declara- 
tions : 

1.  We  declare  that  our  object,  aim  and  purpose  is  to  build  up  a 
political  organization  that  may  be  safely  intrusted  with  the  conduct 
of  national  affairs,  and  to  which   may  be  confided,  in  all  the  states 
and  territories  of  the  American  union,  the  political  control  of  all 
such  questions,  involving  the  moral  and  material  interests  of  the 
people,  as  are  proper  subjects  of  legislation. 

2.  We  invite  to  this  work  the    intelligent,  law-respecting,  and 
order-loving  men  and  women  of  this  state ;  those  who  own  its  prop- 
erty, pay  its  taxes,  are  interested  in  the  protection  and  education  of 
its  youth,  in  elevating  its  moral  standards,  preserving  the  union  of 
states,    and    developing    and    perpetuatiug    Christian   civilization 
throughout  the  land. 

3.  We  declare  that  the  manufacture,  sale  and  use  of  alcoholic 
drinks  is  the  greatest  evil  of  the  country  and  the  age.     That  the 
traffic  enslaves  women  and  degrades  children;  debases  youth  and 
wrecks  manhood;  corrupts  the  ballot  and  injures  the  public  service; 
peoples  prisons  and  fills  insane  asylums;  breeds  paupers  and  crimi- 
nals, and  thereby  imposes  enormous  burdens  of  taxation;  destroys 
capital  and  ruins  labor;  degrades,  impoverishes,  and  destroys  our 
homes,  and  threatens,  through  organized  and  criminal  conspiracies, 
to  subvert  law  and  order.     So  believing,  we  declare  the  cardinal 
principles  of  our  party  to  be  the  prohibition,  by  national  and  state 
constitutional  amendments,  of  the  manufacture  and  importation  of 


PROHIBITION  RESOLUTIONS.  465 

all  alcoholic,  vinous,  and  malt  liquors  not  demanded  for  medicinal,  me- 
chanical, or  scientific  use,  and  the  regulation  bj  law,  under  severe 
penalties,  of  the  sale  of  such  liquors  for  such  use,  and  the  absolute 
and  total  prohibition  of  the  sale  for  any  other  purpose. 

4.  We  deprecate  all  attempts  to  substitute  any  system  of  high- 
license,  so-called,  in  place  of  prohibition  of  the  liquor  traffic ;  and 
while  the  traffic  continues,  we  also  oppose  any  reduction  of  the  bur- 
dens or  restrictions  now  imposed  upon  it.     We  are  in  favor  of  the 
rigid  and  impartial  enforcement  of  all  laws  tending  to  restrict  the 
sale  of  intoxicating  liquors,  and  demand  of  our  executive  authorities 
the  arrest  and  punishment  of  all  persons  engaged  in  criminal  com- 
bination to  obstruct  or  prevent  the  enforcement  of  laws  intended  for 
the  protection  of  society  against  the  wrongs,  injuries   and   crimes 
growing  out  of  the  saloon  business. 

5.  That  while  we  regard  prohibition  of   the  liquor  traffic  as  the 
most  important   political   question   before  the  American  people,  we 
are  not  unmindful  that  there  are  other  issues  seriously,  if  not  vitally, 
affecting  the  general  welfare  ;  but  these  issues  we  refer  to  the  action 
of  the  national  prohibition  convention  to  meet  July  22d,  assured 
that  it  will   properly  represent  the  sentiment  of  our  state  and  the 
nation. 

On  motion  of  Colonel  Babcock,  it  was  ordered  that  the  delegates 
to  the  national  convention  be  authorized  to  cast  the  twenty-three 
votes  to  which  the  state  is  entitled,  and  also  that  the  delegates  be 
instructed  to  present  and  urge  the  name  of  Dr.  R.  H  McDonald 
upon  the  convention  for  the  nomination  for  president  of  the  United 
States. 

The  following  congressional  nominations,  made  by  the  district 
delegations  during  the  recess,  were  reported  and  ratified  by  the  con- 
vention: First  district,  Rev.  C.  C.  Bateman,  of  Tehama ;  second  dis- 
trict, Joshua  V.  Webster,  of  Stockton ;  third  district,  Josiah  B. 
Wills,  of  Contra  Costa ;  fourth  district,  Colonel  George  Babcock,  of 
San  Francisco ;  fifth  district,  Rev.  A.  P.  Morrison,  of  San  Jose  ', 
sixth  district,  Will  D.  Gould,  of  Los  Angeles. 

For  electors,  the  following  were  chosen  :  First  district,  J.  W. 
Tharp,  of  Sonoma ;  second  district,  H.  S.  Graves,  of  Sutter ;  third 
district,  Joel  Russell,  of  Alameda ;  fourth  district,  Stephen  H. 
Yarney,  of  San  Francisco ;  fifth  district,  J.  D.  Wood,  of  Santa 
Clara ;  sixth  district,  George  Steele,  of  San  Luis  Obispo ;  at  large, 
M.  C.  Winchester,  of  Sutter,  and  Dr.  A.  B.  Nixon,  of  Sacramento. 

30 


466       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Afterward,  Jesse  Yarnell  was  substituted  for  Nixon,  as  candidate 
for  elector  at  large;  D.  E.  Bushnell  for  Wood,  as  candidate  for  elec- 
tor in  the  fifth  district;  A.  D.  Boren  for  Steele,  as  candidate  for 
elector  in  the  sixth  district,  and  William  Orowhurst  for  Morrison,  as 
candidate  for  congressman  in  the  fifth  district. 

Pursuant  to  a  call  issued  on  May  23d,  by  the  executive  committee 
of  the  California  branch  of  the  national  anti-monopoly  party,  a  state 
convention  to  nominate  presidential  electors,  convened  at  San  Fran- 
cisco on  July  16th,  the  delegates  to  which  were  chosen  from  the 
national  anti-monopoly  greenback,  labor,  and  national  union  parties. 
Dr.  George  Hewston  called  the  convention  to  order,  and  was  chosen 
temporary  chairman.  The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of  P. 
J.  Merwin,  J.  M.  Kinley,  George  T.  Elliott,  L.  F.  Moulton,  and 
others.  On  permanent  organization,  A.  E.  Redstone,  was  president. 
The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

Whereas,  Through  the  neglect  of  government  to  enforce  the  con- 
stitution and  laws  in  the  spirit  of  republican  equality,  corporate, 
moneyed,  and  property  interests  have  become  paramount  to  the  in- 
terests of  humanity.  Home  and  foreign  capital,  through  corrupt 
legislation,  have  monopolized  the  land  of  the  nation  and  fastened  its 
grasp  on  all  industries,  thereby  forcing  land  and  labor  to  pay  tribute 
to  corporate  and  individual  rapacity.  The  improved  materials  and 
forces  of  modern  civilization,  which  are  essential  to  the  uses  of  life, 
liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness,  are  so  monopolized  that  the 
industrial  classes*  are  forced  into  destructive  competition,  one  with 
another;  and  through  this  means,  and  by  party  intrigue,  their  polit- 
ical liberties  have  been  rendered  little  better  than  a  dead  letter.  The 
government,  by  delegating  the  exercise  of  its  functions  to  others, 
through  subsidy  grants  and  united  action  with  corporations  and 
favored  individuals,  has  placed  itself  in  a  position  to  be  fairly  charged 
with  collusion  with  capital  and  conspiracy  against  labor.  And  the 
continuance  of  conditions  such  as  are  in  operation  at  present  must 
eventually  lead  to  the  extinction  of  republican  institutions,  to  be 
followed  by  a  state  of  anarchy  or  despotism.  Resolved, 

That  we,  the  national  anti-monopoly,  the  national  greenback,  and 
the  national  union  parties,  in  joint  convention  assembled,  in  the 
name  of  the  national  party,  declare  as  our  platform  of  principles  the 
following : 

1.  We  hold  that  the  late  decision  of  the  supreme  court  on  the 


ANTI-MONOPOL  Y  RESOL  UTIONS.  46 7 

legal  tender  question,  to  be  a  full  vindication  of  the  right  and 
authority  of  congress  over  the  issue  of  legal-tender  notes,  and  we 
hereby  pledge  ourselves  to  uphold  said  decision,  and  defend  the  con- 
stitution and  laws  against  alterations  and  amendment  thereof. 

2.  We  demand  the  payment  of  the  public  debt  as  it  falls  due,  in 
the  spirit  of  its  original  contraction ;  the  free  coinage  of  gold  and 
silver,  and  the  issuance  of  sufficient  treasury  and  fractional  currency 
to  meet  the  requirements  of  our  industrial  and  commercial  interests, 
to  be  kept  in  circulation  under  a  uniform  system. 

3.  We  condemn  the  granting  of   special  privileges,  or  the  use  of 
the  public  domain  by  a  few  persons  or  corporations  to  the  detriment 
of  the  individual  rights  of  any  and  every  citizen. 

4.  We  declare  directors  of  corporations  and  individuals  who  refuse 
to  pay  their  taxes,  or  otherwise  refuse  to  contribute  to  the  support 
of  the  government  which  protects  them,  in  open  rebellion,  and  they 
should  be  dealt  with  as  other  criminals  who  defy  the  law. 

5.  The  public  lands  being  the  natural  inheritance  of  the  people, 
we  denounce  that  policy  which  has  granted  to  corporations  vast 
tracts  of  land ;  and  we  demand  that  immediate  and  vigorous  meas- 
ures be  taken  to  reclaim  from  such  corporations  all  such  land  grants 
as  have  been  forfeited  by  reason  of  non-fulfillment  of  contract,  or 
that  may  have  been  wrongfully  acquired  by  corrupt  legislation ;  and 
that  such  reclaimed  lands  and  other  public  domain  be  henceforth 
held  as  a  sacred  trust,  to  be  used  only  by  actual   settlers  in  limited 
quantities ;  and  that  any  citizen  of  the  United  States  may  initiate 
legal  proceedings  in  any  court  to  invalidate  such  grants,  in  the  name 
of  the  United  States  when  public  lands,  and   the  state  when  state 
lands,  without  the  consent  of  the  United  States  attorney-general  or 
attorney-general  of  the  state,  on  defraying  the  expenses  thereof.  We 
demand  that  alien  ownership  of  land,  individual  or  corporate,  shall 
be  prohibited. 

6.  We  demand  an  amelioration  of  the  condition  of  labor  by  en- 
forcing sanitary  laws  in  industrial  establishments,  by  abolition  of  the 
contract  convict-labor  system,  by  rigid  inspection  of  mines  and  fac- 
tories, by  fostering  non-sectarian  educational   institutions,  and  by 
abolishing  child  labor. 

7.  We  advocate  reduction  of  the  hours  of  labor,  and  demand  that, 
importation  of  Chinese,  servile,  pauper,  and  contract  labor  shall  cease. 

8.  We  demand  congressional  regulation  of  inter-state  commerce; 
we  denounce  "pooling,"  stock-watering,  and  discrimination  in  rates 
and  charges,  and   demand  that   congressional  and   state  legislation 


468       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

shall  correct  these  abuses,  even,  if  necessary,  by  the  construction  of 
national  railroads;  and  that  a  postal  telegraph  system  shall  be  estab- 
lished by  the  government. 

9.  All  private  property,  all  forms  of  money,  and  obligations  to  pay 
money,  shall  bear  their  just  proportion  of  public  taxes. 

10.  We  demand  a  protective  tariff  system  by  which  the  importa- 
tion of  luxuries  shall  be  heavily  taxed,  and  the  necessaries  of  life  for 
common  use,  not  competitive,  be  admitted  free  ;  and  a  graduated  tax 
of  other  imports  be  adopted,  whereby  those  most  needed  shall  bear 
the  lowest  duty,  and  those  less  needed  the  highest  duty;  and  that  all 
competitive  raw  materials  be  excluded. 

11.  We  demand  that  the  property  either  of  corporations  or  pri- 
vate persons,  whether  consisting  of  franchises  or  other  values,  on  a 
just  remuneration,  be  subject  to  appropriation  for  public  use  under 
the  law  governing  eminent  domain. 

12.  We  demand  the  submission  to  the  people  of  the  United  States 
of  amendments  to  the  constitution,  granting  the  right  to  legislate  in 
favor  of  female  suffrage  and  .prohibition  of  the  liquor  traffic. 

"7  13.  We  demand  a  change  in  our  Indian  policy,  whereby  each 
/  reservation,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  required,  be  appropriated 
and  used  as  agricultural  farms,  and  the  Indians  kept  thereon  and 
disciplined  by  being  compelled  to  perform  manual  labor  enough  for 
their  own  support. 

14.  We  demand  the  abrogation  of  the  Clayton-Bulwer  treaty. 

15.  We  endorse  the  nomination  of  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  A.  M.  West,  of  Mississippi,  respectively,  for  president 
and  vice-president  of  the  United  States. 

The  following  were  nominated  for  presidential  electors  :  P.  J. 
Merwin,  W.  J.  Sweasy,  L.  F.  Moulton,  George  H.  Stebbins,  R.  But- 
terfield,  H.  D.  Barbour,  H.  M.  Couch,  and  S.  A.  Waldron.  After- 
ward Sweasy,  Stebbins,  and  Barbour  declined,  and  N.  Curry,  A.  D. 
Nelson,  and  A.  T.  Dewey  were  nominated  in  their  stead. 

The  following  were  nominated  for  alternate  electors:  T.  J.  Mc- 
Quiddy,  W.  H.  Moody,  W.  J.  Sweasy,  H.  D.  Barbour,  Thomas- 
Graham,  and  E.  J.  Shellhouse. 

The  nomination  of  congressmen  was  left  to  the  state  committee, 
and  on  the  17th  the- following  nominations  were  announced  : 

First  district,  L.  F.  Moulton;  second  district,  E.  J.  Mclntosh; 
third  district,  A.  B.  Burns;  fourth  district,  Henry  S.  Fitch;  fifth 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  469 

district,  J.  M.  Kinley ;  sixth  district,  Isaac  Kinley.  Afterward 
W.  O.  Howe  was  substituted  for  Moulton,  Charles  A.  Sunmer  for 
Mclntosh,  and  Frank  J.  Sullivan  for  J.  M.  Kinley. 

The  republican  state  committee  met  at  San  Francisco  on  June 
23d,  and  called  a  state  convention,  to  meet  at  Sacramento  on  July  23d, 
to  nominate  presidential  electors  and  alternates.  At  the  time  and 
place  named  the  convention  met,  and  was  called  to  order  by  P.  B. 
Cornwall,  the  chairman  of  the  state-  committee.  M.  M.  Estee  was 
chosen  temporary  chairman  and  afterward  president,  without  op- 
position. The  committee  on  resolutions  consisted  of  F.  Adams,  W. 
H.  Brown,  Chester  Rowell,  David  McClure,  A.  L.  Chandler,  J.  H. 
Neff,  W.  H.  Parks,  D.  McPherson,  W.  A.  Cheney,  1).  N.  Sher- 
bourne,  W.  E.  Dargie,  and  others. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  for  presidential  electors : 
At  large,  A.  B.  Conklin,  Henry  Edgerton ;  first  district,  Benjamin 
Shurtleff;  second  district,  J.  B.  Reddick ;  third  district,  Henry 
Vrooman  ;  fourth  district,  James  Simpson  ;  fifth  district,  Marcus  H. 
Hecht;  sixth  district,  Chester  Rowell ;  Simpson  resigned  and  Horace 
Davis  was  nominated  in  his  stead.  Shurtleff  afterward  declined,  and 
J.  D.  Byers  was  nominated  in  his  stead.  On  September  1st  Vrooman 
resigned  his  place  on  the  ticket,  for  the  reason  that  the  question  had 
been  raised  that  he  was  not  eligible  to  serve  as  an  elector,  from  the 
fact  that  he  was  holding  the  office  of  state  senator,  and  Charles  F. 
Reed  was  nominated  in  his  place. 

The  convention  nominated  the  following  for  alternate  electors  : 
At  large,  Ira  P.  Rankin  and  R.  W.  Waterman;  first  district,  J.  D. 
Byers ;  second  district,  L.  T.  Crane;  third  district,  Charles  F.  Reed ; 
fourth  district,  A.  G.  Booth;  fifth  district,  Robert  Effey;  sixth  dis- 
trict, Paris  Kilburn. 

The  committee  on  resolutions  reported  the  following,  which  were 
unanimously  adopted : 

1.  That  the  republicans  of  California,  in  convention  assembled, 
endorse  and  reaffirm  the  national  platform  of  the  republican  party, 
adopted  at  its   convention,  recently  held  in  Chicago,  and  we  con- 
gratulate the  country  upon  the  nomination  of  Blaine  and  Logan,  the 
true  representatives  of  the  American  policy  of  progress  and  unity. 

2.  That  we  declare  that  the  welfare  of  California  demands5  and 
that  the  property  of  labor  and  the  interests  of  capital  require,  the 


470       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

maintenance  by  the  national  government  of  the  American  system  of 
tariff  for  protection.  Under  this  policy  which  has  been  consistently 
supported  by  the  republican  party  since  its  foundation,  our  varied 
industries  have  been  fostered  and  extended,  our  laboring  classes 
have  enjoyed  better  wages  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  world,  and 
the  whole  country  has  achieved  unparalleled  prosperity.  We 
denounce  the  free  trade  policy,  which  the  democratic  party  has 
advocated  since  1840,  as  dangerous  to  the  material  interests  of  the 
country  and  to  the  well-being  of  American  labor.  We  arraign  the 
democratic  party  of  California  for  supporting  the  national  demo- 
cratic party,  which  stands  upon  a  platform  that  declares,  in  effect, 
for  the  free-trade  doctrine  of  tariff  for  revenue  only,  as  admitted  by 
prominent  members  of  the  committee  that  framed  the  plank.  We 
insist  that  the  success  of  the  British  policy  would  destroy  the  grow- 
ing industries  of  our  commonwealth,  especially  the  grape,  raisin, 
wool,  and  manufacturing  interests,  and  would  reduce  the  wages  of 
our  workingmen  to  the  starvation  point. 

3.  That  we  ask  and  demand  that  the  industry  of  the  manufacture 
of  the  raisin  shall  be  protected  by  a  protective  duty,  and  resolved, 
that  we  demand  the  restoration  of  the  tariff  on  wool  as  fixed  by  the 
law  of  1867. 

4.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  adoption  of  the  proposed  amend- 
ment to  section  seven  of  article  nine  of  the  constitution  of  this  state, 
authorizing  the  furnishing  of  free  text-books  for  use  in  the  common 
schools  throughout  the  state. 

5.  That  the  republican  party  of  California  has  a  consistent  record 
in  its  unswerving  devotion  to  the  interests  of  the  people  in  opposi- 
tion to  all   monopolies.      First — We  declare  that  railroad  corpora- 
tions, being  organized  for  a   public  use,  all  unjust  discrimination 
as  between  persons  and  places  is  in  direct  violation  of  the  constitu- 
tion of  this  state,  and  should  be  prohibited.     Second — We  declare 
that  charges  for  freight  by  all  transportation  companies  should  only  be 
what  the  service  is  reasonably  worth.  Third — It  is  the  duty  of  the  rail- 
road commission  to  regulate  freights  and  fares  justly  in  the  interest  of 
the  people.     We  call  attention  to  the  section  of  the  platform  of  the 
national  republican  party  which  favors  congressional  legislation  to  carry 
outthe  constitutional  powerof  congress  to  regulate  interstate  commerce, 
and  especially  to  the  language  declaring  that  "the  principle  of  the 
public  regulation  of  railroad  corporations  is  a  wise  and  salutary  one 
for  the  protection  of  all  classes  of  the  people,  and  we  favor  legisla- 
tion that  shall  prevent  unjust  discrimination  and  excessive  charges 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  471 

for  transportation,  and  that  shall  secure  to  the  people  and  to  the 
railways  alike  fair  and  equal  protection  of  the  laws."  We  endorse 
this  declaration.  We  charge  that  the  platform  of  the  national 
democratic  party  evades  this  great  issue.  We  arraign  the  demo- 
cratic party  of  California  for  supporting  a  candidate  for  president 
whose  public  record  identifies  him  as  as  a  friend  of  monopoly  and 
an  enemy  to  the  rights  and  the  interests  of  the  people.  We  par- 
ticularly denounce  the  doctrine  advanced  by  the  nominee  of  the 
democratic  party  for  president  in  his"  veto  in  the  New  York  legisla- 
ture of  the  bill  reducing  fares  on  the  elevated  railroads,  in  which  he 
declared  that  there  was  no  constitutional  power  in  our  legislature  to 
regulate  and  abridge  privileges  granted  by  a  former  legislature  to  a 
public  agency.  This  extreme  monopolistic  view  had  been  condemned 
by  the  higher  courts  of  the  land,  is  wrong  and  dangerous,  and  marks 
him  as  unfit  to  hold  the  high  office  of  chief  magistrate  of  the 
republic. 

6.  That  the  commissioner  of  agriculture  be  constituted  a  cabi- 
net officer  of  the  nation  as  and  under  the  title  of  "  Secretary  of 
Agriculture." 

7.  That,  recognizing  the  claims  of  our  soldiers,  and  the  especial 
obligations  of  California  to  those  through  whose  faithful  services  our 
territory  was  acquired,  we  favor  the  payment  of  pensions  to  all  sur- 
viving veterans  of  the  Mexican  war. 

8.  That  all  property  should  bear  its  equal  share  of  taxation.     That 
all  property,  whether  owned  by  individuals  or  corporations,  should 
be  assessed  at  its  actual  cash  value,  and  be  compelled  to  pay  its  just 
taxes. 

9.  That  we  commend  our  representatives  in  congress  for  their 
efforts  in  behalf  of  restrictive  Chinese  legislation,  thus  redeeming 
the  pledges  of  the  party  made  for  them,  and  renew  our  determina- 
tion to  make  such  restriction  effective,  and  in  every  way  prevent  the 
competition    of    Chinese    with    American    labor.     We    thank    the 
republican  national  convention  for  its  emphatic  declaration   upon 
this  subject;  refer  with  pride  to  the  attitude  of  James  G.  Elaine  in 
congress  when  the  subject  first  became  a  national  one,  and  have 
implicit  faith  that  the  republican  party  of  the  nation  will  protect  us 
in  all  our  interests  as  against  Chinese. 

10.  That  we  invite  and  welcome  to  our  state  the  people  of  all 
countries  which  belong  to  our  division  of  the  human  family,  whose 
moral,  physical  and  intellectual  qualifications  entitle  them  to  the 
rights  and  privileges  of  American  citizenship. 


472      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

A  state  committee  was  selected,  consisting  of  Aaron  Bell,  James 
A.  Orr,  H.  W.  Byington,  W.  H.  Parks,  E.  W.  Roberts,  J.  H.  Neff, 
W.  H.  Brown,  Richard  Chute,  C.  H.  Garoutte,  A.  J.  Rhoads, 
Christopher  Green,  Obed  Harvey,  S.  G.  Hilborn,  Eli  S.  Denison, 
W.  W.  Camron,  F.  K.  Shuttuck,  Henry  Vrooman,  E.  D.  Wheeler, 
J.  P.  H.  Wentworth,  M.  C.  Briggs,  A.  W.  Poole,  A.  R.  Conklin, 
J.  F.  Crank,  and  others,  and  the  executive  committee  was  appointed 
afterward  by  the  chairman. 

The  first  congressional  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on 
July  23d,  and  nominated  Thomas  L.  Carothers  for  congressman,  with- 
out opposition. 

The  second  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  July  24th, 
and  nominated  James  A.  Louttit  for  congressman,  on  the  second 
ballot,  over  Charles  A.  Tuttle  and  John  A.  Eagon. 

The  third  district  convention  met  at  Benicia  on  July  14th,  and 
nominated  Joseph  McKenna  for  congressman,  on  the  twelfth  ballot, 
over  W.  W.  Camron,  Carroll  Cook,  George  W.  Tyler,  and  Henry 
Edgerton. 

The  fourth  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  July  23d, 
and  nominated  Wm.  W.  Morrow  for  congressman,  without  opposi- 
tion. 

The  fifth  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  July  23d,  and 
nominated  Charles  N.  Felton  for  congressman,  without  opposition. 

The  sixth  district  convention  met  at  Sacramento  on  July  23d, 
and  nominated  H.  H.  Markharn  for  congressman,  without  opposi- 
tion. 

The  election  was  held  on  November  4th,  and  the  official  canvass 
developed  this  result :  Blaine  electors — Edgerton,  102,369;  Byers, 
102,397;  Reed,  102,411;  Hecht,  102,223;  Conklin,  102,378;  Red- 
dick,  102,416;  Davis,  102,306;  Rowell,  102,391.  Cleveland  elec- 
tors— Kohler,  89,288;  Tinnin,  89,200;  Stanly,  89,221;  Murphy, 
89,235;  Berry,  89,214;  Biggs,  89,204;  Marye,  89,229;  Webb,  89,- 
201.  Butler  electors— Curry,  2,037;  Merwin,  1,722;  Moulton, 
2,019;  Nelson,  2,021;  Butterfield,  2,012;  Dewey,  2,009;  Couch, 
2,005  ;  Waldron,  1,974.  St.  John  electors— Winchester,  2,963  ; 
Boren,  2,345  ;  Yarnell,  2,501;  Tharp,  2,932;  Graves,  2,961  ;  Rus- 
sell, 2,962;  Yarney,  2,952;  Bushnell,  2,360.  For  congressmen: 
First  district— Carothers,  16,316;  Henley,  16,461 ;  Bateman,  321. 
Second  district— Louttit,  18,327,  Sumner,  18,208;  Webster,  558. 


IRRIGATION  CONVENTION.  473 

Third  district— McKenna^JJM^;  Glascock,  13,197;  Burns,  273; 
Wells,  322.  Fourth  district— Morrow,  15,083  ;  Hastings,  10,422  ; 
Babcock,  6;  Fitch,  123.  Fifth  district-^FeltonJJ,014;  Sullivan, 
15,676;  Crowhurst,  232.  Sixth  district— Markhain,  17,397;  Del 
Valle,  16,990;  Gould,  821;  Kinley,  237. 

The  republican  electors  met  at  the  state  capitol  in  Sacramento,  on 
December  3d.  All  were  present  except  Reddick  and  Byers.  Those 
present  chose  A.  P.  Catlin  to  act  for* Reddick,  and  Robert  T.  Devlin 
to  serve  for  Byers.  The  eight  votes  of  the  state  were  recorded  for 
Blaine  and  Logan,  and  Henry  Edgerton  was  chosen  messenger  to 
convey  the  returns  to  Washington. 

The  state  irrigation  convention  assembled  at  Riverside,  May  14th, 
and  was  called  to  order  by  A.  P.  Johnson,  temporary  chairman 
elected  at  the  original  convention  that  assembled  March  12th,  and 
adjourned  on  account  of  the  storm.  By  the  adoption  of  the  report 
of  the  committee  on  permanent  organization,  J.  W.  North  was  made 
president  and  L.  M.  Holt,  secretary  of  the  convention.  The  session 
continued  for  three  days,  most  of  the  time  being  consumed  in  dis- 
cussion of  the  subject  of  the  use  of  water  for  irrigation,  and  cognate 
topics.  A  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed,  consisting  of 
George  Rice,  L.  M.  Holt,  and  O.  H.  Congar.  The  following  were 
adopted  : 

1.  That  a   cordial  invitation  is  hereby  extended  to   all  parties 
interested — those  interested  in  existing  canal  companies,  and  those 
owning  lands  under  the  same,  and  all  land  owners  requiring  irriga- 
tion— to  be  present  by  representation  at  the  next  irrigation  conven- 
tion. 

2.  The  California  state  irrigation  convention  recommend  to  the 
irrigators  of  the  Pacific  states  and  to  all  persons  interested  in  the 
measurement  of  water,  the  cubic  foot  of  water  per  second  as  the 
unit   of  measure  of  water,  fifty  inches  of  water  under  a  four-inch 
pressure  being  equal  to  one  cubic  foot  of  water  per  second. 

3.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  the  legislature  of  this  state  to  repeal  sec- 
tion fourteen  hundred  and  twenty-two  of  our  civil  code  in  order  that 
there  may  be  upon  our  statute  books  no  seeming  recognition  of  the 
English  common  law  of  riparian  rights,  which  has  not,  and  never 
had,  an  existence  in  this  state.     That  the  present  law  giving  the 
absolute   power  to  fix   water  rates    to    supervisors  and  governing 


474       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

bodies  of  municipal  corporations,  is  in  the  interest  of  justice,  is  the 
only  protection  of  water  buyers  against  extortionate  demands,  and 
that  any  amendment  of  it  would  be  a  calamity  to  irrigators.  That 
the  state  owes  it  to  the  irrigators  to  interfere  promptly  and  to 
adjust  speedily  differences  arising  between  them  and  water  corpora- 
tions, and  that  it  should  be  within  the  power  of  irrigators  to  compel 
the  bringing  of  suits,  in  the  name  of  the  state,  to  settle  such  differ- 
ences. 

4.  That   the   political   parties  of   the    state,    during  the  coming 
campaign,     should,    in    the    construction    of    their    platforms    and 
the    selection    of    candidates    for   the    legislature,    keep    in    view 
the  interests  of  the  irrigators  of  this   state,  as  expressed  in   this 
convention. 

5.  That  the  thanks  of  this  convention  are  due  Hon.  Wm.  Ham. 
Hall,  state  engineer,  for  his  attendance  at  this  convention,  and  his 
able  paper  presented  on  the  irrigation  question ;  that  we  recognize 
in  Mr.  Hall  an  able  head  to  the  irrigation  system  of  this  state,  and 
we  trust  the  state  legislature  will  give  him  the  necessary  assistance 
and  endorsement  to  enable  him  to  carry  to  completion  the  work  he 
has  so  efficiently  commenced. 

6.  That  the  thanks  of  the  delegates  to  this  convention  from  abroad 
are  due,  and  they  are  hereby  tendered,  to  the  citizens  of  Riverside 
for  the  cordial  manner  in  which  they  have  been  received  and  enter- 
tained. 

7.  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  convention  that  thanks  are  due  to 
Judge  J.  W.  North  for  the  able  manner  in  which  he  has  presided 
over  the  deliberations  of  this  convention,  also  to  those  gentlemen 
who  have  favored  us  with  able  papers  on  subjects  of  such  vital  in- 
terest to  the  irrigators  of  the  state,  and  especially  to  our  secretary, 
L.  M.  Holt,  who  originated  the  call  for  this  convention,  and  who 
has  labored  so  earnestly  and  successfully  to  make  this  convention 
the  success  that  it  is. 

8.  That  the  thanks  of  this  convention  are  due  to  Dr.  S.  F.  Chapin, 
of  San  Jose,  state  inspector  of  fruit  pests,  for  the  interest   he  has 
taken  in  promoting  the  interests  of  this  convention. 

The  following  resolutions  were  also  reported  by  the  committee  on 
resolutions,  and  referred  to  the  committee  on  legislation: 

1.  That  it  is  the  judgment  of  this  convention,  in  order  to  facili- 
tate the  development  of  California,  that  the  water  and  land  should 
be  sold  and  held  together;  that  by  or  under  laws  to  be  procured, 
there  be  formed  irrigation  districts  with  power,  where  more  than 


IRRIGATION  CONVENTION.  475 

half  the  owners  in  number  and  value  desire  it,  to  bond  the  whole 
land  to  improve  the  whole  property,  with  proper  safeguards  as  to 
amount  or  proportion  of  value  to  be  raised,  time  of  payment,  etc., 
and  that  a  committee  be  made  to  take  charge  of  and  conduct  the 
passage  of  such  a  law,  or  laws,  through  the  legislature. 

2.  That  congress  is  hereby  memorialized  to  withdraw  from  sale  all 
timber  lands  located  on  the  head  of  irrigating  streams,  or  mountain 
timber  lands,  as  the  removal  of  such  forests  by  fire  and  the  ax  are 
having  a  seriously  detrimental  effect'on  our  water  sources,  and  that 
if  longer  continued,  such  denudation  of  forests  will  seriously  affect 
the  agricultural  and  horticultural  interests  of  the  state. 

3.  That  congress  be  memorialized  to  make  sufficient  appropriation 
of  money  at  its  next  session  to  project  a  system  of  deep  artesian 
wells  in  those  sections  of  the  state  not  otherwise  sufficiently  sup- 
plied with  irrigable  water 

4.  That  in  the  sense  of  this  convention  the  English  common  law 
rule  of  riparian  rights  does  not  exist,  nor  has  it,  practically,  ever 
existed  in  this  state. 

5.  That  this  convention  endorse  a  certain   declaratory  act  and 
preamble  reported  by  the  majority  of  the  assembly  committee  on  ir- 
rigation, at  the  session  of  1883,  which  said  preamble  and  act  ran  as 
follows:     "Whereas,  the  state  of  California  was  acquired  from  the 
republic  of  Mexico,  and  prior  to  such  acquisition,  and  from  its  first 
settlement,  the  laws  of  that  republic,  and  the  usages  and  customs  of 
the  people,  recognized  no  right  upon  the  owners  of  the  land  border- 
ing upon  streams  to  the  water  flowing  in  such  streams,  superior  to 
the  right  of  any  other  person,   who,  by  enterprise  and  diligence,  di- 
verted such  water  and  applied  it  to  useful  purposes,  and  especially 
to  the  purposes  of  irrigation;  and,  whereas,  from  the  acquisition  of 
this  state  by  the  government  of  the  United  States,  down  to  a  very 
recent  period,  the  aforesaid  usages  and  customs  have  prevailed  in 
and  been  recognized  in  said  state,  without  question;  and,  whereas, 
it  is  now  asserted  that  such  usages  and  customs  are  violative  of  the 
common  law  of  England,  and  riparian  owners  have  the  right  to  the 
full  flow  of  such  water,  undiminished  in  quantity,  and  unimpaired 
in  quality;  and,  whereas,  none  of  the  conditions  exist  in  this  state 
which  admit  of  the  application  of  the  rule  claimed,  but,  on  the  con- 
trary, the  enforcement  of  such  a  rule  in  a  country  like  this,  which 
can  only  be  peopled  and  cultivated  by  a  system  of  irrigation,  and 
without  which  system  a  great  portion  of  this  state  must  ever  remain 
a  desert,  would  be  destructive;  and,  whereas,  it  is  claimed  and  as" 


476       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

serted  that  section  1422  of  the  civil  code  is  a  recognition  of  the 
unwholesome  rule;  and,  whereas,  it  never  was  the  intention  of  the 
framers  of  the  code,  nor  of  the  legislature  which  adopted  it,  that 
such  a  construction  should  be  placed  upon  it,  now,  therefore, 

"The  people  of  the  state  of  California,  represented  in  senate  and 
assembly,  do  enact  as  follows: 

"Sec.  1.  That  section  1422  of  the  civil  code  of  California  is  here- 
by repealed. 

"Sec.  2.  That  in  all  actions  relative  to  water  rights,  the  courts 
shall  take  judicial  notice  of  the  usages  and  customs  in  the  preamble 
to  this  act  set  out,  and  of  the  condition  and  nature  of  the  country 
which  do  not,  and  never  did,  admit  of  the  application  of  the  rule  of 
the  English  common  law  relative  to  riparian  rights." 

6.  That  it  is  not  the  sense  of  this  convention  that  the  doctrine  of 
appropriation  be  carried  so  far  as  to  deprive  the  riparian  owner  of 
sufficient  water  for  such  domestic,  or  other  purposes  for  which  he 
may  have  actually  utilized  it,  nor  to  such  an  extent  as  to  interfere 
with  the  use  for  commercial  purposes  of  any  of  the  navigable  waters 
of  this  state. 

7.  That  in  the  opinion  of  this  convention  the  legislature  of  this 
state  properly  may  and  should  pass  a  law  relative  to  the  administra- 
tion and  settlement  of  irrigation  claims,  similar  to  that  now  in  suc- 
cessful operation  in  the  state  of  Colorado. 

8.  That  this  whole  matter  be  submitted,  for  their  earnest  consid- 
eration,  to  the  committee  on  legislation  appointed  by  this  conven- 
tion, with  the  hope  that  their  deliberations  may  result  in  the  proposal 
of  practical   and  wholesome  measures  that,  approved  by  the  people 
and  legislature  of  this  state,  will  result  in  the  increased  prosperity 
of  the  former. 

9.  That  we  earnestly  commend  the  consideration  of  these  ques- 
tions to  the  irrigators  and  miners  of  this  state,  and  urge  upon  them 
the  importance  of  electing  as  their  nominees  for  legislative  and  judi- 
cial positions,  such  men  as  may  be  depended  upon  to  give  their  in- 
terests due  study  and  justice. 

The  committee  on  legislation,  above  referred  to,  was  composed  of 
J.  DeBarth  Shorb,  John  G.  North,  J.  A.  Wilcox,  Will  S.  Green,  J. 
W.  North,  and  F.  H.  Wales.  On  May  16th,  the  convention  ad- 
journed to  meet  at  Fresno,  December  3,  1 884.  At  the  Fresno  con- 
vention, in  December,  to  these  were  added  the  names  of  L.  M.  Holt, 
J.  F.  Wharton,  and  L.  B.  Ruggles. 


IRRIGATION  CONVENTION.  477 

The  convention  assembled  at  Fresno,  December  3d.  It  was  called 
to  order  by  J.  W.  North.  J.  DeBarth  Shorb  was  elected  permanent 
chairman,  and  J.  F.  Wharton,  Secretary.  The  membership  was  not 
confined  to  delegations  from  counties,  but  included  interested  per- 
sons who  subscribed  their  names  on  the  roll  of  the  convention.  The 
sessions  continued  until  December  6th,  on  which  date  it  adjourned 
sine  die.  Much  of  the  time  was  consumed  in  hearing  addresses  on 
the  subject  of  irrigation.  The  committee  on  legislation  submitted  a 
report,  but  the  preparation  of  matter  for  legislative  action  was 
placed  in  the  hands  of  an  executive  committee,  which  met  after  the 
adjournment  of  the  convention.  The  following  resolutions  were 
adopted : 

1.  That  Dewey  &  Co.  be  employed   to  print  1,000  copies  of  the 
proceedings  of  this  convention,   in  pamphlet  form,  for  the  sum  of 
$100,  to  be  delivered  in  two  weeks. 

2.  That  a  finance  committee  of  seven  be  appointed  to  raise  funds- 
to  meet  expenses  incident  to  this  convention,  and  for  all  other  neces- 
sary expenses. 

3.  That  Will  S.  Green  be  appointed  a  committee  of  one,  with 
authority  to  expend  a  sum  not   to  exceed    $150  for  the   printing 
and  circulation  of  a  newspaper  supplement  containing  the  address 
of  George  E.   Church  and  the  reports   of  the  joint  committee  as 
adopted  by  this  convention. 

4.  That  the  sincere  thanks  of  the  members  of  this  convention, 
who  have  come  from  a  distance,  are  due  and  are  most  cordially  ten- 
dered  to  the  citizens  of  Fresno  for  many  courtesies  extended  and 
the  attention  shown  to  visiting  members. 

5.  That  the  secretary  of  this  convention  prepare  a  petition  to  the 
state  legislature,  setting  forth   the  principles  adopted  by  this  con- 
vention, in  guiding  its  legislative  committee  in  the  drafting  of  pro- 
posed legislative  enactments,  and  asking  the  legislature  to  favorably 
consider  the  same,  and  that  these  be  circulated  through  the  state 
with  a  view  to  securing  the  largest  possible  number  of  names  to  the 
same. 

6.  That  this  committee  would  earnestly  request  that  all  friends  of 
irrigation,  now  members  of  this  convention,  will  in  their  individual 
capacity  visit  Sacramento  during  the  session  of  the  legislature,  to  aid 
and  assist  the  executive  legislative  committee  to  secure  such  legisla- 
tion now  demanded  by  not  only  every  irrigator,  but  also  by  every 
true  citizen  and  lover  of  his  state. 


478       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

7.  That  any  member  of  the  executive  committee  who  may  not  be 
able  to  attend  the  meetings  of  such  executive  committee  may  appoint 
another  member  of  the  committee  on  legislation  to  represent  him  at 
such  meetings. 

8.  That  the  members  of  this  committee  are  authorized  and  re- 
quested to  use  all  proper  influence  in  obtaining  the  indorsement  of 
all  public  bodies  in  this  state  on  the  action  of  this  convention. 

9.  That  the  chair  appoint  a  committee  of  three  to  proceed  to  San 
Francisco  and  attend  the  meeting  soon  to  occur  of  the  board  of  trade 
and  board  of  irrigation  of  that  city,  there  to  represent  our  interests 
and  to  obtain  their  aid  and  indorsement,  and  that  the  chairman  of 
the  convention  be  made  the  chairman  of  the  committee. 

10.  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  committee  that  an  effort  should  be 
made  to  have  repealed  section  1422  of  the  civil  code,  and  that  a  law 
be  passed  to  the  effect  that  the  common  law  of  England  relative  to 
riparian  right  to  water  shall  not  apply  to  this  state. 

11.  That  we  recommend  that  the  office  of  state  engineer  be  con- 
tinued, and  that  the  necessary  appropriations  be  made  by  the  next 
legislature  to  complete  the  work  already  laid  out,  and  such  further 
work  as  may  be  necessary  in  connection  with  the  duties  of  said 
office. 

12.  That  the  thanks  of  the  convention,  and  we  believe  we  hazard 
nothing  in  saying  the  thanks  of  every  one  connected  with  the  subject 
of  irrigation,  are  most  heartily  tendered  to  the  present  incumbents, 
for  the  very  able  effort  and  thorough  manner  in  which  the  work  has 
been  conducted  so  far,  and  we  believe  it  was  a  wise  and  fortunate 
selection  when  the  duties  of  the  office  were  committed  to  the  care  of 
that  very  efficient  officer,  William  Ham.  Hall. 

13.  That  the  chairman  of  this  convention  appoint  a  committee  of 
three,  who  shall  examine  the  reporter's  transcript,  arrange  the  pro- 
ceedings of  this  body  in  proper  order,  make  all  necessary  corrections, 
and  turn  same  over  to  the  publisher. 

14.  That  whereas  the  supreme  court  has  ordered  a  rehearing  of 
the  water  case  recently  decided,  in  order  to  give  an  opportunity  for 
others  than  the  parties  to  the  suit  to  intervene  and  be  heard  before  a 
final  decision  of  the  case;  and  whereas,  other  appropriators  are  pre- 
paring to  represent  their  interests  before  that  court;  and,  whereas, 
the  number  of  irrigators  is  as  a  hundred  to  one  when  compared  with 
the  appropriators  : 

15.  That  this  convention  recommends  to  the  small   irrigators  of 
the  state,  whose  places  must  become  desolate  if  riparian  rights  pre 


ANTI-CHINESE   CONVENTION.  479 

vail,  to  take  measures  to  be  properly  represented  before  that  court, 
that  they  make  a  final  appeal  for  a  fair  consideration  of  their  rights 
before  their  ruin  becomes  final. 


CHAPTER  XXXIII. 

1886.  Anti-Chinese  Conventions — Memorial  to  Congress— Prohibition 
Convention  —  Irrigation  Convention  —  Republican  Convention  — 
Democratic  Convention — Farmers'  Convention — United  Labor  Party 
— Organization  of  the  American  Party. 

A  convention  of  anti-Chinese  leagues  met  in  San  Jose  on  Febru-  < 
ary  4th,  and  remained  in  session  for  two  days.  One  hundred  dele- 
gates, representing  nine  counties  were  in  attendance.  Robert  Sum- 
mers was  elected  temporary  chairman.  On  permanently  organizing, 
0.  F.  McGlashan  was  elected  president ;  Robert  Summers  and  A.  M. 
Church,  vice-presidents,  and  W.  H.  Holmes,  secretary.  It  was 
resolved  that  the  name  of  the  organization  be  the  non-partisan  anti- 
Chinese  association.  Other  resolutions  were  adopted,  and  a  state 
central  committee  appointed.  The  convention  adjourned  to  meet  at 
Sacramento  on  the  10th  of  March,  following.  On  this  date,  the 
convention  assembled  pursuant  to  adjournment,  with  C.  F.  Mc- 
Glashan in  the  chair.  After  appointing  a  committee  to  confer  with 
the  citizens'  anti-Chinese  convention  then  in  session  in  the  assembly 
chamber  with  regard  to  coalition,  and  adopting  the  following  resolu- 
tions reported  by  the  committee,  the  convention  was  merged  with 
that  of  the  citizens.  The  coalition  resolutions  were  : 

1.  That  we  favor  the  passage  of  a  bill  introduced  into  congress  by 
United  States  Senator  Mitchell,  having  for  its  object  the  abrogation 
of  all  treaties  with  China  permitting  the  immigration  into  the  United 
States  of  any  Chinese. 

2.  That  if  the  passage  of  the  bill  cannot  at  present  be  secured, 
then  we  favor  the  passage  of  either  of  the  bills  introduced  into  con- 
gress by  Morrow,  Felton  or   Henley,  restricting  Chinese  immigra- 
tion. 

3.  That  we  favor  the  adoption  and  use  of  all  peaceable  and  legal 
means  needed  to  rid  the  state  of  the  Chinese  now  here  and  to  pre- 
vent the  coming  into  the  state  of  any  more  Chinese,  but  we  are  op- 
posed to  any  unlawful  means  fco  that  end. 


480       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

4.  That  the  two  conventions  meet  in  joint  session,  every  member 
of  each  convention  being  entitled  to  a  seat  in  the  joint  convention, 
and  that  the  joint  convention  proceed  to  elect  officers  and  to  formulate 
a  platform  and  to  adopt  measures  best  calculated  to  carry  into  effect 
the  above  resolution. 

5.  That  C.  F.  McGlashan  and  George  B.  Katzenstein  act  jointly  as 
chairmen  of  this  joint  convention  until  it  is  permanently  organized, 
and  that  said  joint  convention  meet  in  the  assembly  chamber. 

7  The  citizens'  anti-Chinese  state  convention  assembled  in  Sacra- 
mento, March  10th,  under  a  call  issued  by  the  citizens'  anti-Chinese 
association  of  Sacramento.  This  call  said :  The  convention  shall 
be  composed  of  the  officers  and  members  of  the  executive  committee 
and  various  sub-committees  of  the  citizens'  anti-Chinese  association 
of  Sacramento,  and  delegates  from  all  the  counties  in  the  state,  to  be 
selected  by  the  supervisors  thereof.  The  supervisors  of  each  county 
are  requested  to  appoint  the  number  of  delegates  hereafter  appor- 
tioned to  each  county,  to  furnish  them  with  proper  credentials,  and 
to  notify  Robert  T.  Devlin,  of  Sacramento,  secretary  of  the  com- 
mittee on  branch  organization,  of  the  names  of  the  delegates  immed- 
iately after  their  appointment.  This  convention  will  represent  all 
branches  of  business  and  labor,  and  must  result  in  great  good. 

The  convention  was  called  to  order  by  George  B.  Katzenstein. 
Before  proceeding  to  permanently  organize,  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  confer  with  the  San  Jose  convention.  This  committee 
made  a  majority  report  of  the  coalition  resolutions  above  quoted, 
which  was  adopted.  The  two  conventions  then  united.  The  num- 
ber of  delegates  to  the  Sacramento  convention  was  reported  to  be 
415,  and  to  the  San  Jose  convention  198,  or  613  in  the  joint  con- 
vention. 

The  committee  on  permanent  organization  recommended  Leon  D. 
Freer,  for  president ;  C.  F.  McGlashan  and  George  B.  Katzenstein, 
for  vice-presidents;  and  G.  W.  Peckham,  for  secretary.  A  motion 
was  made  to  substitute  the  name  of  McGlashan  for  that  of  Freer, 
but  was  lost  by  a  vote  of  261  to  259. 

On  the  following  day,  March  llth,  a  committee  on  resolutions 
was  appointed,  composed  of  three  members  from  each  of  the  six 
congressional  districts.  It  consisted  of  E.  F.  Dinsmore,  A.  M.  Mc- 
Coy, P.  E.  Davis,  C.  F.  McGlashan,  U.  S.  Gregory,  G.  H.  Crossette,. 
E.  Frisbie,  Joseph  Steffens,  J.  E.  McElrath,  W.  B.  May,  N.  0. 


ANTI-CHINESE  MEMORIAL.  481 

/ 
Cornwall.   P.    J.    Mervin,   M.   D.    Boruck,   D.  McPherson,  Horace 

Davis,  M.  R.  Merritt,  J.  M.  Garretson,  and  S.  E.  Crowe. 
^  John  F.  Swift,  A.  A.   Sargent,  H.  Y.  Morehouse,  E.   A.    Davis, 
and  Elihu  Anthony  were  appointed  a  committee  to  prepare  a  memo- 
rial to  congress.     They  presented  the  following  report,  which  was 
adopted: 

To  the  president  and  the  senate  and  house  of  representatives  of 
the  United  States :  The  anti-Chinese  convention  of  the  state  of  Cal- 
ifornia, assembled  at  Sacramento,  called  for  the  purpose  of  propos- 
ing relief  for  the  Pacific  coast  from  the  Chinese  evil,  submit  the 
following  memorial : 

Speaking  for  the  entire  people  of  this  state,  your  memorialists 
represent  that  for  thirty-six  years  we  have  been  settled  upon  the 
shores  of  the  Pacific,  and  thus  brought  face  to  face  with  the  great 
Mongolian  hive,  with  its  450,000,000  of  hungry  and  adventurous 
inhabitants;  that  for  thirty-six  years  we  have  watched  the  operation 
of  the  industrial  and  social  system  that  has  resulted  from  it,  and 
weighed  the  advantages  and  disadvantages  as  they  have  developed. 

Under  these  circumstances  we  feel  that  we  understand  better  than 
any  others  can,  the  necessity  of  resisting  the  tide  of  emigration 
setting  out  from  China,  which  has  already  done  so  much  mischief  to 
nations  bordering  upon  that  country,  and  which  threatens  so  much 
more.  We  feel  that  our  fellow-countrymen  east  of  the  mountains 
have  been  too  much  in  the  habit  of  forming  their  judgment  upon 
the  Chinese  question  from  its  material  aspect,  and  as  a  mere  ques- 
tion of  industrial  development  and  progress  and  the  creation  of 
wealth,  wholly  overlooking  and  ignoring  its  social,  moral  and  polit- 
ical sides. 

We  do  not  deny  that  the  people  of  the  Pacific  coast  are  influ- 
enced by  material  considerations,  and  that  each  of  us  is  trying,  by 
all  legitimate  means,  to  better  his  condition. 

But  we  say  that,  regarded  from  the  standpoint  of  immediate  ma- 
terial results,  and  considered  as  the  coldest  question  of  dollars  and 
cents,  and  putting  aside  all  considerations  of  government,  social  and 
moral  order,  and  even  patriotism,  there  is  no  advantage  or  profit  in 
the  mixed  race  system  now  being  forced  upon  this  coast,  or  in  any 
mixed  race  system  whatever. 

That  there  is  more  mere  money  profit  in  dollars  in  a  homogeneous 
population  than  in  one  of  mixed  races,  while  the  moral  and  political 
objections  are  unanswerable. 

31 


482       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

For  while  the  Chinaman  works  industriously  enough,  he  consumes 
very  little,  either  of  his  own  production  or  of  ours. 

That  he  imports  from  China  much  that  he  eats,  and  much  that  he 
wears,  while  a  vast  catalogue  of  articles  consumed  by  our  own  peo- 
ple, the  production  and  sale  of  which  makes  our  commerce  and  our 
life  what  it  is,  the  Chinaman  does  not  use  at  all. 

Indeed,  so  far  as  he  is  concerned,  hundreds  of  useful  occupations 
essential  to  our  system  of  civilization  might  as  well,  and  if  they 
depended  on  him  would  have  to  be,  abandoned  altogether. 

That  he  underbids  all  white  labor  and  ruthlessly  takes  its  place, 
and  will  go  on  doing  so  till  the  white  laborer  comes  down  to  the 
scanty  food  and  half-civilized  habits  of  the  Chinaman,  while  the  net 
results  of  his  earnings  are  sent  regularly  out  of  the  country  and  lost 
to  the  community  where  they  are  created. 

And  while  this  depleting  process  is  going  on  the  laboring  white 
man,  to  whom  the  nation  must  in  the  long  run  look  for  the  repro- 
duction of  the  race,  and  the  bringing  up  and  educating  of  citizens 
to  take  the  place  of  the  current  generation  as  it  passes  away,  and 
'  above  all  to  defend  the  country  in  time  of  war,  is  injured  in  his 
comfort,  reduced  in  his  scale  and  standard  of  life,  necessarily  carry- 
ing down  with  it  his  moral  and  physical  tone  and  stamina. 

But  what  is  even  more  immediately  damaging  to  the  state,  is  the 
fact  that  he  is  kept  in  perpetual  state  of  anger,  exasperation,  and 
discontent,  always  bordering  on  sedition,  thus  jeopardizing  the  gen- 
eral peace,  and  creating  a  state  of  chronic  uneasiness,  distrust,  and 
apprehension  throughout  the  entire  community. 

That  this  alarms  capital,  and  forces  it  into  concealment  or  out  of 
the  state  in  search  of  better  security,  checks  enterprises,  increases 
the  cost  of  government,  especially  for  police  purposes,  while  de- 
creasing the  sources  of  revenue  from  which  taxes  can  be  raised. 

And  that  whether  the  producing  classes  are  right  or  wrong  in 
their  opinions,  is  practically  immaterial,  for  experience  has  shown 
that  the  opinions  and  the  results  from  them  are  permanent  and  ine- 
radicable. 

If  there  were  no  other  and  higher  reasons  for  getting  rid  of  the 
Chinese,  these  facts  alone  would  be  sufficient  to  convince  the  prac- 
tical statesman  of  the  necessity  of  doing  so  as  speedily  as  possible 
to  do  it  lawfully. 

Any  other  notion,  it  would  seem,  can  exist  only  in  the  mind  of 
the  merest  doctrinaire,  who,  without  experience  or  the  capacity  of 


ANTI-CHINESE  MEMORIAL.  483 

profiting  by  experience,  imagines  that  the  world  can  be  governed  by 
some  fixed  rule  of  thumb  contained  in  his  own  narrow  brain. 

But  there  are  other  and  higher  considerations  involved  in  the 
Chinese  question  than  that  of  mere  industrial  progress  or  material 
development,  and  to  these  we  invite  the  attention  of  every  American 
citizen  who  places  his  country  and  its  permanent  good  above  imme- 
diate money  profit. 

We  assure  our  fellow  countrymen  east,  that  the  dominance,  if  not 
the  existence,  of  the  European  race  in  this  part  of  the  world  is  in 
jeopardy. 

We  call  their  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  Malayan  peninsula,  as 
well  as  other  countries  bordering  upon  China  and  the  China  seas, 
have  already  been  overrun  by  the  Chinese,  and  that  the  Malayan, 
one  of  the  great  races  or  types  of  the  human  species,  is  being  rapidly 
annihilated  to  make  place  for  them. 

That  the  islands  of  the  Pacific  are  undergoing  the  same  process, 
and  that  this  coast  is  now  attacked,  and  in  the  end  must  inevitably 
succumb  unless  speedily  relieved  by  rescue.  That  on  the  entire 
Pacific  coast  there  are  at  this  time  less  than  1,000,000  people,  of 
all  races,  inhabiting  a  territorial  area  designed  by  nature  to  accom- 
modate a  population  of  at  least  50,000,000,  of  which  30,000,000  will 
be  here  in  a  period  of  time  so  brief  that  it  is  but  a  passing  moment 
in  the  lifetime  of  a  nation. 

Now,  and  while  this  territory  is  still  practically  unoccupied,  and 
within  the  lifetime  of  the  present  generation,  the  type  of  human 
species  that  is  to  occupy  this  side  of  the  American  continent  is  to  be 
determined  for  all  time. 

Whether  the  Pacific  states  are  to  be  the  home  of  30,000,000  free 
citizens  of  the  race  that  produced  Columbus  and  Washington,  La- 
fayette and  Montgomery,  Von  Steuben  and  Andrew  Jackson,  or  of 
30,000,000  of  Mongolians  from  eastern  Asia,  or,  perhaps,  even 
worse,  of  30,000,000  mixed  and  mongrel  half-breeds,  possessing  none 
of  the  virtues  of  either  and  all  the  vices  of  both,  is  to  be  settled 
finally  and  irrevocably. 

That  in  the  life  and  death  struggle  now  going  on  for  the  posses- 
sion of  the  western  shores  of  the  American  continent  the  Chinese 
have  advantages  that  must  secure  to  them,  if  not  a  complete  victory, 
at  least  a  drawn  battle  in  a  division  of  occupancy  with  us. 

To  begin  with,  they  have  a  hive  of  450,000,000  to  draw  from, 
with  only  one  ocean  to  cross,  which  dividing  water  modern  science 
and  Caucasian  ingenuity  has  reduced  to  the  dimensions  of  the 


484      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

merest  ferry,  and  they  have  behind  them  an  impulsive  force  of 
hunger  unknown  to  any  European  people. 

But  this  is  by  no  means  the  most  important  advantage  they  have. 
They  have  an  important  ally  in  the  cupidity  of  our  own  people, 
who  too  often  think  that  cheap  labor  and  the  money  profit  to  be 
gained  by  it  is  of  more  value  than  the  happiness  and  permanence 
of  their  own  country  and  kindred. 

For,  let  men  say  what  they  please  about  the  "  inherent  and  in- 
alienable right  of  expatriation  and  immigration,"  about  "  America 
being  the  refuge  of  the  oppressed  of  all  nations,"  at  the  bottom  of  it 
all  will  be  found  "old  Mammon"  anxious  to  sell  a  nation's  birth- 
right for  money  profit  in  some  form. 

The  people  of  the  Pacific  make  no  pretense  to  an  exceptionally 
high  standard  of  public  virtue;  but  they  are  not  willing  to  admit 
that  the  accumulation  of  wealth,  public  or  private,  is  the  chief  end 
and  purpose  of  organized  society.  The  leading  purpose  of  the  first 
colonists  from  Europe  was  not  the  acquisition  of  wealth,  and  if  we 
cannot  equal  them  in  unselfishness  we  can  at  least  honor  their 
memory  by  making  an  effort  to  preserve  that  which  we  have  received 
from  them. 

Among  our  other  duties  as  American  citizens  we  hold  ourselves 
to  be  the  trustees  of  posterity.  We  are  keeping  the  soil  of  this  fair 
land  for  the  30,000,000  Americans  of  our  own  race  and  kindred 
who  are  to  come  after  us.  To  barter  away  their  places  while  they 
are  yet  unborn  is  a  gross  violation  of  duty.  To  do  so  under  the  pre- 
tense of  humanity,  morality,  or  national  generosity,  is  to  add  the  sin 
of  hypocrisy  to  that  which,  without  it,  would  be  a  great  public 
crime. 

Our  common  ancestors  came  to  the  American  continent  to  found 
a  state.  The  greatness  of  a  nation  does  not  lie  in  its  money  or  in 
its  material  prosperity,  but  in  its  men  and  women;  and  not  in  their 
number,  but  in  their  quality,  in  their  virtue,  honor,  integrity,  truth, 
and,  above  all  things,  in  their  courage  and  manhood. 

To  a. nation  that  is  to  remain  free  the  capacity  to  fight  is  indispen- 
sable. It  is  not  enough  that  it  be  able  to  trade  and  barter,  or 
to  work  and  produce;  it  must  be  able  to  fight  and  defend  what  it 
has. 

The  nation  that  cannot  defend  itself  against  all  comers  will  find 
that  its  days  are  numbered;  and  this  is  as  true  in  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury as  in  any  other  age  of  the  world. 

The  strong  nations  of  the  earth   are  now,  as  they  always  have 


ANTI-CHINESE  MEMORIAL.  485 

been,  the  most  thoroughly  homogeneous  nations,  that  is  to  say,  the 
most  nearly  of  one  race,  language  and  manners. 

And  when  they  are  of  one  race,  it  is  not  so  material  what  race,  as 
that  they  be  of  a  pure  race.  The  purest-blooded  man  of  any  race  is 
the  strongest  man  of  that  race. 

The  largest  body  of  men  of  a  single  pure  race  on  the  earth  to-day, 
is  in  China.  There  are  450,000,000  of  them,  as  like  as  one  barley- 
corn is  like  another.  All  the  white  men  on  the  globe,  whenever  so 
carefully  counted,  scarcely  amount  to  so  much,  and  they  are  divided 
into  a  score  or  more  of  independent  sovereignties,  ten  times  as  many 
languages,  and  as  for  religious  sects,  the  boldest  statistician  has  not 
the  courage  to  attempt  their  enumeration. 

While  we  of  the  European  race  are  divided  into  fifty  hostile  camps, 
and  tight  each  other  like  so  many  savage  Apaches,  China  is  one  and 
indivisible.  They  are  as  united  and  homogeneous  as  France. 

And  though  the  Chinese  are  as  timid  as  a  flock  of  sheep,  know 
nothing  of  physical  science  and  its  resources,  and  have  none  of  the 
arts  of  attack  and  defense,  yet  the  very  inertia  of  that  huge  mass  of 
crystallized  homogeneity  has  thus  far  withstood  the  plundering  in- 
stincts of  the  western  powers,  and  China  remains  unconquered. 

There  they  stand,  one  full  third  of  the  human  race,  a  great,  invin- 
cible, concrete,  ethnological  fact,  commanding  respect,  and  requiring 
mankind  to  pause  and  consider  whether  the  Chinese  may  not  yet, 
without  discharging  a  gun  or  drawing  a  sword,  gently  elbow  the 
rest  of  the  human  family  off  the  planet. 

And  if  they  have  such  force  unarmed,  what  will  they  do  when 
they  learn,  as  they  will  sometime,  the  art  of  war1? 

There  is  no  such  complete  and  unanswerable  demonstration  of  the 
power  of  race  homogeneity  on  the  globe,  as  the  example  of  China. 

All  political  history  shows  homogeneity  to  be  a  vast  power  in  a 
state,  and  that  heterogeneity  is  a  corresponding  source  of  weakness. 

The  great  states  of  Europe — England.  France,  Germany  and 
Russia — those  powers  that  dominate  the  world,  are  so  entirely  of 
one  race,  that  the  presence  of  a  black,  or  red,  or  yellow  man,  in  any 
of  those  countries  outside  the  great  cities,  is  a  subject  of  wonder  and 
astonishment. 

And  race  prejudice  or  antagonism,  that  unfailing  concomitant  of 
race  contact  and  friction,  is  scarcely  known  there. 

No  state  where  the  great  distinct  types  of  the  human  species 
have  been  mixed  together  on  the  same  territory,  has  ever  held  power 


486       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

for  any  considerable  time.    And  no  race  of  mongrels,  if  such  a  thing 
is  possible,  has  ever  held  empire,  or  even  kept  its  own  independence. 

In  the  very  dawn  of  history,  the  Carthaginians — the  dominant 
class  of  which  were  white  men  from  Syria,  while  the  masses  were 
Africans  of  various  types — encountered  the  pure  blooded  natives  of 
Italy,  and  went  down  before  them. 

It  is  said  they  succumbed  to  the  Roman  sword.  They  were  con- 
quered by  pure  Roman  courage  and  Roman  muscle,  cemented  into 
singleness  of  purpose  by  race  homogeneity. 

When  later  on,  through  conquest,  the  Roman  empire  had  come  to 
consist  of  the  mixed  races  of  western  Asia,  she  transferred  her  capi- 
tal to  the  shores  of  the  Bosphorus,  and  was  in  turn  overthrown  by 
the  Turks,  a  race  of  pure,  flat-faced  Mongolians  from  east  of  the 
Caspian  sea. 

The  once  master  race  of  Turks,  having  become  mixed  and  hybrid- 
ized with  all  the  mongrels  of  Africa  and  the  east,  now  in  the  nine 
teenth  century  find  themselves  about  to  be  expelled  from  Europe, 
lacking  strength  to  hold  the  place  their  pure-blooded  ancestors  con- 
quered for  them. 

The  inhabitants  of  Egypt  have  always  been  a  mixed  and  parti- 
colored people,  and  have  always  been  in  slavery  to  some  pure-blooded 
power.  Alexander,  at  the  head  of  his  Macedonian  Greeks,  seized 
them  and  founded  a  dynasty,  which  settled  down  and  hybridized 
with  the  natives,  with  a  similar  result.  Their  next  masters  were 
the  Turks,  and  the  English  now  hold  them  in  subjection. 

By  the  last  census,  266,000,000  of  human  beings  inhabit  the 
peninsula  of  Hindoostan,  the  most  productive  spot  on  the  globe. 
The  soil  produces  three  good  crops  a  year.  They  possess  everything 
to  make  a  happy  people,  if  soil  and  climate  would  do  it.  In  the 
words  of  Bishop^Heber,  "Every  prospect  pleases,  and  only  man  is 
vile."  For  they  are  cursed  with  the  evil  of  heterogeneity  in  every- 
thing. 

In  the  Indian'village,  the  inhabitants  are  often  of  several  differ- 
ent races,  or  [subdivisions  of  three  or  four  races,  differing  both  in 
color  and  physical  type,  while  their  antagonism  is  so  intense  that, 
though  born  in  the  same  village,  they  cannot  sleep  in  the  same 
camp,  or  eat  of  the  same  food,  or  drink  at  the  same  fountain,  lest 
they  be  defiled  and  cast  out  as  unclean  by  their  own  people. 

As  a  consequence  of  these  facts,  and  as  a  direct  and  natural  result 
of  them,  this  fair  land  of  India,  with  its  266,000,000  of  mixed  and 


ANTI-CHINESE  MEMORIAL.  487 

mingled  races,  its  mongrels  and  half-breeds,  is  a  great  slave  pen  to 
Great  Britain. 

One  hundred  thousand  blue-eyed,  pure-blooded,  Anglo-Saxons  tell 
this  mighty  throng  of  parti-colored  humanity  to  go,  and  they  go,  to 
come,  and  they  come.  The  English  take  advantage  of  Indian  hetero- 
geneity to  subjugate  the  land. 

They  arm  and  drill  the  Mahrattas  and  set  them  over  the  Ben- 
galese.  The  Rohillas  are  held  in  check  by  the  Seikhs,  while  the 
flat-faced,  almond-eyed  Ghoorkas,  of^Nepaul,  terrorize  both  Mussul- 
man and  Hindoo,  with  knife  at  throat. 

Each  one  of  these  sees  in  the  other  a  born  enemy,  more  hateful  if 
possible,  than  the  Englishman,  and  at  the  word  of  command  kills 
him  with  unmixed  delight. 

This  could  not  be  done  with  any  homogeneous  nation.  China 
would  be  a  richer  prize  to  England  than  two  Indias.  And  what 
England  wants  she  takes,  if  force  will  take  it.  But  the  Chinamen 
are  all  of  one  kind,  one  family,  one  race,  one  language  and  litera- 
ture, and  one  religion,  and  can  no  more  be  set  to  kill  each  other 
than  could  the  same  number  of  white  sheep.  The  Englishman  may 
kill  the  Chinaman,  but  he  can't  give  him  a  gun  and  make  him  kill 
his  brother,  nor  his  neighbor,  nor  his  countryman,  and  so  China  re- 
mains free. 

The  Chinese,  weak  and  timid  as  they  are,  are  still  the  strong 
people  of  Asia.  No  intelligent  man  can  visit  the  far  east  without 
being  impressed  strongly  with  respect  for  that  nation,  both  in  its 
collective  character  as  a  state,  and  its  individual  people,  when  com- 
pared with  the  other  Asiatics. 

It  is  one  of  the  great  strong  powers  of  the  earth,  and  it  is  on  the 
earth  to  stay. 

It  is  true  St.  Paul  said  in  his  sermon  at  Athens  :  "God  hath  made 
of  one  blood  all  nations  of  men,"  but  he  added  in  the  same  sentence 
"He  hath  fixed  the  bounds  of  their  habitations." 

The  Chinaman  has  his  habitation ;  let  him  stay  in  it,  as  God  has 
fixed  it. 

But  our  eastern  fellow-citizens  ask  us  :  "What  are  we  going  to  do 
with  our  grand  American  principles  of  the  sacred  rights  of  expatria- 
tion and  of  free  immigration  T  Has  not  a  man  in  the  pursuit  of 
happiness  the  right  to  go  anywhere  he  may  choose  to  go  1  Is  not 
expatriation  a  natural  and  inalienable  human  right  1  We  say  no. 
There  is  no  such  thing  as  an  absolute  right,  either  of  expatriation  or 
emigration. 


488       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

A  man  has  the  right  to  enter  and  inhabit  any  country  that  will 
consent  to  it ;  in  a  word,  that  will  allow  him  to  come,  and  there  his 
right  as  a  right  ceases,  and  passes  into  the  domain  of  necessity  and 
force. 

In  one  sense,  any  man  or  body  of  men,  driven  from  their  own 
country  by  necessity,  have  the  rigjit  as  a  matter  of  self-preservation 
to  enter  another  country  by  force,  but  it  is  justified  as  the  struggle 
for  existence  is  justified,  and  comes  to  be  the  right  of  the  strongest, 
like  the  struggle  over  a  plank  in  a  shipwreck. 

The  children  of  Israel  emigrated  from  Egypt  because  they  were 
badly. situated.  When  they  came  to  the  land  of  promise,  after  hav- 
ing satisfied  themselves  that  it  was  a  land  to  their  minds  and  flow- 
ing with  milk  and  honey,  they  drew  their  swords,  entered  and  took 
it.  It  is  true  the  Lord  had  given  it  to  them,  but  it  was  their 
swords  and  spears  that  availed  to  put  them  in  possession. 

We  do  not  hear  that  either  party  talked  about  the  sacred  right 
of  emigration  or  expatriation. 

No  law-writer  of  any  reputation  has  ever  maintained  to  the  con- 
trary. 

M.  Vattel  is  a  high  authority  upon  public  and  international  law. 
This  is  what  he  says  : 

"The  country  which  a  nation  inhabits,  whether  that  nation  has 
emigrated  thither  in  a  body  or  the  different  families  of  which  it  con- 
sists were  scattered  over  the  country,  and  then  uniting  formed  them- 
selves into  a  political  society,  that  country  I  say,  is  the  settlement 
of  the  nation,  and  it  has  a  peculiar  and  exclusive  right  to  it." 
Vattel,  book  1,  chap,  xviii.,  sec.  203. 

"The  whole  of  the  country  possessed  by  a  nation  and  subject  to  its 
laws  forms  its  territory,  and  is  the  common  country  of  all  the  individ- 
uals of  the  nation."  Ibid. 

He  goes  on  :  "As  the  society  cannot  exist  and  perpetuate  itself 
otherwise  than  by  the  children  of  the  citizens,  these  children  natur- 
ally follow  the  conditions  of  their  fathers  and  succeed  to  all  their 
rights."  Vattel,  book  1,  chap,  xix.,  sec.  212. 

"The  sovereign  may  forbid  the  entrance  to  his  territory  either  to 
foreigners  in  general  or  in  particular  cases,  or  to  certain  persons  or 
for  particular  purposes,  according  as  he  may  think  it  advantageous 
to  his  state." 

"Formerly  the  Chinese  fearing  least  the  intercourse  with  strangers 
should  corrupt  the  manners  of  the  nation  and  impair  the  maxims  of 
a  wise  but.  singular  government,  forbid  all  people  entering  the 


ANTI-CHINESE  MEMORIAL.  489 

•empire — a  prohibition  that  was  not  at  all  inconsistent  with  justice. 
It  was  salutary  to  the  nation  without  violating  the  rights  of  any 
individual,  or  even  the  duties  of  humanity,  which  permits  us  in  case 
of  competition  to  prefer  ourselves  to  others." — Ibid,  book  2,  chap, 
vii.,  sec.  94. 

Many  rulers  have  in  the  world's  history  invited  immigration  to 
to  their  country.  Sometimes  it  has  been  beneficial;  sometimes  the 
reverse.  The  Emperors  Probus  and  Valeus,  being  too  weak  or  cow- 
ardly to  resist,  permitted  the  Gepidae,  as  well  as  the  Goths  and  Van- 
dals, to  cross  the  frontier  and  settle  in  the  empire,  greatly  to  the 
public  injury,  for  they  contributed  materally  to  the  final  destruction 
•of  the  Roman  power. 

Bands  of  armed  emigrants  from  Denmark  and  north  Germany 
poured  in  upon  the  British  islands  in  the  early  centuries  of  the 
^Christian  era,  and  the  Normans  overran  central  and  southern 
Europe.  In  both  instances,  they  were  resisted  in  the  same  way 
they  came,  with  force  and  arms.  There  was  then  no  thought  of  the 
rights  of  men  to  emigrate  in  pursuit  of  happiness. 

The  emperors  of  Russia  at  various  periods  in  the  history  of  that 
country,  and  especially  toward  the  close  of  the  last  century,  invited 
German  immigration,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  result  in  that 
case  proved  the  wisdom  of  the  policy;  but  it  was  a  people  of  her 
own  race  and  religion,  and  who  assimilated  with  the  natives  of  the 
country  in  a  single  generation. 

Our  country  has  without  doubt  been  benefited  by  the  coming 
hither  of  emigrants  from  Europe  of  our  own  race  and  religion,  some 
speaking  our  own  language  and  all  speaking  closely  allied  languages, 
and  with  similar  manners  and  customs — people  who  have  become 
identical  with  ourselves  in  a  short  time. 

How  long  now  this  character  of  immigration  will  continue  to  be 
•beneficial  is  problematical. 

It  therefore  appears  that  immigration,  even  of  people  of  the  same 
race  and  general  type  of  the  human  family,  of  people  capable  of 
rapid  assimilation  with  the  possessors  of  the  country,  is  sometimes 
beneficial  and  sometimes  mischievous,  depending  upon  circumstances 
that  are  liable  to  change. 

But  we  assert  that  the  immigration,  whether  voluntary  or  forced, 
.into  a  country  of  non-assimilative  races,  is  always  an  unmixed  evil 
and  a  public  calamity. 

The  same  spirit  of  greed  and  avarice  which  is  at  the  bottom  of  the 
-coolie  immigration  of  this  age,  lay  at  the  bottom,  and  was  the  im- 


490       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

polling  motive,  for  the  forced  immigration  of  African  slaves  into  the 
country  all  through  the  eighteenth  century. 

No  doubt  the  slave-traders  and  slave-purchasers  of  that  day  tried 
to  make  the  world  believe  that  they  were  doing  good,  and  that  their 
motives  were  noble  and  patriotic.  Men  are  fond  of  giving  them- 
selves credit  for  lofty  motives  in  all  they  do. 

No  doubt  they  talked  loudly  about  developing  the  resources  of  the 
country,  and  about  christianizing  the  poor  African.  But  at  the 
bottom  was  the  old  Mammon  of  cheap  labor,  and  the  money  to  be 
gotten  out  of  it.  The  world  has  not  changed  much. 

The  selfishness  of  those  men  has  already  borne  much  bitter  fruit ; 
through  it  the  curse  of  race  heterogeneity  has  taken  deep  root  in  the 
soil  of  our  common  country.  Out  of  that  evil  we  have  had  one 
bloody  war  for  which  the  nation  has  not  yet  thrown  off  its  mourning. 
But  the  war  was  nothing  to  what  it  left  behind.  It  is  true  that  it 
has  settled  the  slave  question.  But  the  negro  question,  the  question 
of  the  relations  between  the  white  man  and  the  black  man,  and  the 
relations  of  each  to  the  state,  has  only  just  begun.  Twenty  genera- 
tions of  men  will  not  see  it  ended. 

And  our  fellow-countrymen  at  the  south,  who  are  compelled  to 
carry  on  a  government  under  such  conditions,  to  preserve  order  and 
maintain  law  and  civilized  society,  are  entitled  to  the  sympathy  of 
all  thoughtful  people ;  they  have  a  task  the  difficulties  of  which  are 
not  appreciated. 

But  for  the  effort  to  get  cheap  labor  a  hundred  years  ago  all  the 
states  of  the  union,  from  the  lakes  to  the  gulf,  would  to  day  have 
the  same  people,  the  same  prosperity,  and  the  same  political  system, 
the  same  schools  and  academies,  that  now  exist  in  Pennsylvania, 
Ohio,  and  Illinois. 

The  only  difference,  if  any,  would  be  that  the  territory  south  of 
the  Ohio,  having  the  mildest  climate  and  the  richest  soil,  would  now 
have  the  densest  population  and  most  rapid  progress  and  develop- 
ment, and  the  greatest  accumulation  of  wealth  and  enlightenment. 

Is  there  any  man,  east  or  west,  north  or  south,  white  or  colored, 
who,  after  reflection,  will  not  admit  that  it  would  be  better  if  the 
colored  man  had  been  left  in  Africa,  and  the  southern  states  were 
without  race  friction  and  race  antagonism1? 

But  for  the  mixed  population  of  the  south  those  states  would 
never  have  gone  to  war ;  there  would  have  been  no  rebellion.  And 
had  they  gone  to  war,  having  12,000,000  white  men  united  in  senti- 
ment, as  the  white  men  were,  instead  of  8,000,000  white  and 


ANTI-CHINESE  MEMORIAL.  491 

4,000,000  colored,  and  fighting  as  they  did  a  defensive  war  on  in- 
terior lines,  they  could  not  have  been  conquered. 

Their  weakness,  which,  like  blind  Sampson,  they  saw  not,  lay  in 
the  4,000,000  men  of  another  race  planted  there  in  the  heart  of 
their  country,  carrying  information,  aid,  and  comfort  to  the  enemy, 
always  requiring  to  be  watched,  and  whom  they  did  not  dare  to 
trust  with  arms. 

It  will  be  said  that  this  was  because  they  were  slaves.  It  is 
doubtful  if  they  would  be  more  dangerous  and  a  greater  source  of 
weakness  free  than  as  slaves.  If  the  south  should  have  another  war, 
they  would  find  this  to  be  the  case. 

And  if  ever  this  country  is  invaded  by  a  foreign  foe,  it  is  in  South 
Carolina,  and  in  Louisiana  and  in  Florida  the  enemy  will  attempt  a 
lodgment.  Not  because  of  the  disloyalty  of  the  white  population, 
but  the  indifference,  the  discontent,  the  disaffection  of  the  colored. 
And  as  for  the  difficulties  of  governing  such  a  society,  even  in  time 
of  peace,  it  is  only  infatuation  or  ignorance  that  does  not  see  it  now, 
from  day  to  day.  As  it  now  is,  it  will  always  be,  while  race  hetero- 
geneity exists  there. 

We  doubt  if  a  genuine  republican  government — as  we  Americans 
understand  the  term,  meaning  a  government  in  which  all  the  people 
govern,  participate  equally — under  the  conditions  existing  in  the 
south,  namely,  with  one-third  of  the  population  of  one  race  and  two- 
thirds  of  another,  is  a  practical  possibility.  *  One  race  will  always 
dominate  the  other,  and  no  power  can  prevent  it,  except  by  destroy- 
ing the  liberties  of  both.  They  can  only  be  equal  in  a  common 
servitude,  that  overwhelms  both. 

We  do  not  undertake  to  say  which  race  will  rule  the  other;  that 
will  vary  with  circumstances  depending  upon  their  relative  numbers 
and  strength.  In  the  south,  just  now,  it  is  the  white  race  that 
dominates;  in  San  Domingo,  it  is  the  black. 

We  do  not  put  these  race  antagonisms  and  the  fruit  of  them  upon 
supposed  superiority  of  one  race  over  the  other.  These  are  terms 
the  thoughtful  man  will  be  very  cautious  about  employing. 

One  race  may  be  the  superior  for  one  place,  and  not  for  another. 
We  only  say  they  cannot  live  well  or  happily  together,  and  ought 
not  to  be  made  to  do  it. 

The  statesmen  who  look  for  a  change  that  is  to  harmonize  the 
south,  so  that  both  races  shall  stand  equal  and  be  equal,  have  never 
lived  in  any  mixed  community,  and  know  nothing  about  it.  They 
know  nothing  of  the  hereditary  and  instinctive  race  antagonism,. 


492       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

always  latent  in  every  individual  human  breast,  and  always  spring- 
ing into  active  vitality  on  bringing  together  two  different  races 
or  types  of  men  into  the  occupancy  of  the  same  territorial  habi- 
tation. 

Such  statesmen  overlook  an  unfailing  human  quality  or  instinct, 
and  one  too  universal  not  to  have  a  profound  purpose  in  the  general 
economy  of  nature. 

The  efforts  that  have  been  made  in  the  past  by  nations  to  rid 
themselves  of  the  evils  of  mixed  races,  and  even  of  mixed  tribes, 
tongues,  and  religions,  and  to  reach  homogeneity,  and  the  repose, 
strength,  and  security  it  affords,  are  well  worthy  of  consideration  in 
examining  the  Chinese  problem  in  this  country. 

It  is  much  the  fashion  of  history  to  condemn  such  policy,  but  the 
thoughtful  man  will  be  slow  in  putting  his  own  judgment  against 
that  of  the  statesmen  and  people  living  at  the  time  on  the  spot,  and 
who  necessarily  understood  every  side  of  the  question. 

For  eight  hundred  years  the  Moors  carried  on  a  struggle  for 
possession  of  the  Spanish  peninsula.  '  It  was  eight  centuries  of  per- 
petual warfare,  in  which  the  soil  was  drenched  with  human  gore. 
At  last  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  of  Castile  and  Aragon,  gained  a 
decisive  victory,  and  without  waiting  for  the  enemy  to  recuperate 
and  renew  the  struggle,  deported  the  entire  mass  of  the  Moorish 
people. 

It  was  for  a  time  money  out  of  pocket,  for  the  Moors  were  skill- 
ful artisans,  and  very  industrious. 

The  cheap  labor  and  material  prosperity  advocates  think  it  was  a 
mistake,  and  books  have  been  written  to  show  the  unwisdom  of  it. 

But  was  that  a  mistake  which  made  Spain  homogeneous;  which 
gave  her  that  which  she  had  not  had  for  eight  hundred  years — peace 
at  home,  and  security  abroad1? 

Was  thab  a  mistake  which  saved  Spain  from  being  to-day  what 
Bulgaria  and  Roumelia  are,  and  what  all  European  Turkey  is?  We 
oannot  think  it  was. 

And  in  support  of  this  theory,  within  a  century  of  the  expulsion 
of  the  Moors,  there  rose  up  the  Spanish  empire  of  Charles  Y.  and 
Phillip  IT.,  the  first  powers  of  the  globe,  and  which  dominated  both 
hemispheres.  We  admit  that  historians  condemned  the  policy  of 
sending  away  the  Moors,  putting  it  chiefly  on  industrial  grounds 
and  the  loss  of  wealth. 

They  may  have  lost  with  the  Moors  the  art  of  making  Cordovan 
leather,  but  they  retained  that  of  making  good  steel.  Within  fifty 


ANTI-CHINESE  MEMORIAL.  493 

years  after  the  Moors  had  gone,  the  Toledo  sword  had  carried  the 
name  and  power  of  Spain  from  Seville  to  Sacramento,  where  we  now 
stand. 

But  for  the  expulsion  of  the  Moors,  it  is  possible  that  Cortez,  in- 
stead of  carrying  the  Spanish  banner  to  the  Gulf  of  California,  might 
have  spent  his  valor  and  his  life  fighting  that  people  for  his  own 
home  in  Andalusia,  as  his  own  people  had  been  doing  for  eight 
centuries. 

Toward  the  end  of  the  seventeenth,  century  there  occurred  what 
has  been  called  the  expulsion  of  the  Huguenots  from  France,  by  Louis 
XIV. 

That  people,  from  religious  persecution,  or  what  goes  in  our  his- 
tories by  that  name,  took  refuge  in  England.  But  it  should  not 
be  forgotten  that  where  church  and  state  are  one,  and  especially  in  a 
religious  age,  politics  and  religion  are  so  merged  as  to  be  practically 
identical. 

In  the  case  of  the  Huguenots,  like  that  of  the  Moors,  historians 
generally  agree  in  condemning  the  injustice  and  folly  of  the  act 
which  led  to  that  emigration. 

As  to  the  injustice  of  forcing  the  consciences  of  men  in  matters 
of  faith,  it  will  not,  in  this  day  and  age,  be  questioned.  But  as  to 
the  supposed  folly  of  France  losing  the  Huguenot,  there  are  plainly 
two  sides  to  the  question. 

The  Huguenots,  while  in  many  respects  excellent  people,  and  in  all 
respects  as  good  as  the  rest  of  the  people  of  their  time,  were  re- 
ligious fanatics  of  the  most  exasperating  type,  in  an  age  of  extreme 
religious  fanaticism.  They  were  always  ready  to  persecute  or  be 
persecuted,  to  suffer  or  inflict  martyrdom,  as  the  wheel  of  fortune 
should  give  to  or  take  from  them  the  power. 

They  were  disaffected  and  seditious  to  a  degree  that  made  them 
always  an  element  of  danger  to  the  general  peace  and  safety.  They 
were  constantly  corresponding,  and  intriguing,  and  plotting  with 
every  public  enemy,  and  especially  with  England,  the  most  dangerous 
of  them  all. 

The  position  of  France,  then  as  now  surrounded  by  powerful  and 
aggressive  states,  was  one  of  great  peril,  and  the  Huguenots  con- 
tributed at  all  times  to  materially  increase  this  danger,  by  their  dis- 
affection and  disloyal  machinations;  in  this  respect,  at  least,  their 
departure  was  a  distinct  benefit  to  France. 

No  doubt  they  were  a  considerable  advantage  to  England,  and 
that  she  was  the  gainer  in  every, respect  by  their  coming.  They 


494       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

were  in  accord  with  the  English  on  the  very  point  of  their  disagree- 
ment with  the  French  people — that  of  religion — and  they  carried 
over  with  them  well-established  habits  of  industry  and  thrift,  con- 
siderable skill  in  the  arts,  and  more  or  less  money. 

But  France  was  not  the  loser,  nor  in  the  long  run  were  the  Hugue- 
nots. They  found  a  country  where  the  people  agreed  with  them, 
while  France  obtained  homogeneity  and  peace,  which  she  sorely 
needed;  and  as  for  the  arts,  she  has  ever  since  held  and  still  holds 
the  first  place. 

One  hundred  years  after  the  departure  of  the  Huguenots,  when 
France  was  making  that  supreme  effort  against  despotism  that  has 
made  the  age  memorable,  and  when  the  allied  monarchs  of  Europe, 
with  great  armies,  were  at  her  frontiers,  France,  now  become  the 
most  homogeneous  people  on  the  globe — as  homogeneous  as  China — 
rose  up  as  one  man,  confronted  coalesced  tyranny,  erect  and  defiant, 
and  "hurled  at  its  feet,  as  gage  of  battle,  the  head  of  a  king,"  and 
drove  them  back. 

No  heterogeneous  population,  no  nation  of  mongrels  that  ever 
existed,  could  have  stood  in  the  place  of  France  in  1792,  and  sur- 
vived as  an  independent  power. 

Had  the  Huguenots  remained  in  France  without  materially 
changing  their  manners,  they  must  have  been  an  element  of  weak- 
ness and  might  have  ruined  the  country. 

One  of  the  first  living  statesmen  of  our  time,  Prince  Bismarck,  is 
just  at  this  time  favoring  for  Germany  something  of  the  same  kind 
which  the  statesmen  of  this  country  are  very  ready  to  condemn,  but 
which  European  thinkers  are  at  least  willing  to  admit  that  he  on  the 
spot  may  possibly  understand  better  than  they  do,  and  so  are  silent. 
Bismarck  supports  a  measure  for  expelling  from  Germany  a  dis- 
affected and  discontented  colony  of  Poles — a  most  excellent  and 
intelligent  people,  a  people  of  the  same  general  ethnological  type  as 
the  Germans  and  with  what  ought  to  be  considered  the  same 
religion;  in  short,  a  case  where  in  variance  and  heterogeneity  is 
almost  a  minimum;  and  he  is  doing  it  on  the  sole  ground  that  their 
presence  in  Germany  is  a  constant  peril  to  the  public  safety.  "  We 
must  show,"  says  the  German  chancellor,  "  that  we  stand  not  upon 
feet  of  clay,  but  of  iron." 

The  abstract  justice  of  this  proceeding  we  do  not  discuss;  and  as 
for  the  policy,  we  do  not  understand  enough  of  the  facts  to  have  an 
opinion,  but,  considering  the  dangers  that  beset  the  German  nation 
on  every  side,  it  is  a  question  that  must  be  left  to  the  German 


ANTI-CHINESE  MEMORIAL.  495 

people  alone.  It  is  not  for  us  to  decide  it  for  them.  If  it  is  neces- 
sary for  the  safety  of  the  state,  it  is  just.  On  that  ground,  the 
Germans  can  safely  take  their  stand. 

We  do  not  refer  to  the  efforts  of  these  people  for  homogenity  and 
that  rest  and  peace  which  at  times  it  alone  can  bring,  either  to 
justify  or  condemn  the  act  in  any  particular  instance. 

Nor  are  we  by  any  means  willing  to  place  the  desire  of  our  people 
to  rid  themselves  of  a  class  of  adult  male  Chinese,  living  among  us 
in  the  abnormal  and  corrupting  condition  of  separation  from  their 
families,  in  the  same  category  with  the  Huguenots  in  their  native 
land,  or  with  the  Moors,  who  with  their  wives  and  children  were 
living  in  what  might  after  eight  hundred  years  be  fairly  considered 
their  native  land,  or  with  the  Poles,  men,  women,  and  children,  in 
east  Germany. 

To  even  send  away  these  Chinese  by  act  of  law,  if  such  a  law 
could  be  obtained  from  congress,  would  be  only  to  send  them  back  to 
their  wives  and  homes  and  children,  where  in  the  interest  of  morality 
and  decency  they  ought  to  be. 

The  weakness  of  states  with  mixed  and  homogeneous  populations, 
has  had  a  striking  illustration  in  our  time  and  at  our  very  door. 

Mexico,  a  country  with  10,000,000  people,  part  European,  part 
Indian,  part  African,  with  a  considerable  part  mongrel,  was  seized 
by  an  expedition  from  France  so  contemptible  in  numbers  that  had 
it  been  sent  against  a  country  with  10,000,000  Caucasians  of 
Europe  or  America,  it  would  have  run  great  risk  of  being  expelled 
by  the  women  with  their  brooms. 

But  being  Mexico  and  Mexican  people,  such  as  they  are,  it 
marched  in  triumph  to  the  capital,  set  up  an  imperial  state  with  an 
Austrian  prince  on  the  throne,  which  for  anything  the  Mexicans 
could  have  done  to  prevent,  would  have  been  as  permanent  as  the 
holy  Roman  empire. 

But  in  a  twelve  month  from  the  fall  of  Richmond,  the  Mexican 

throne  was  in  the  dust,  and  the  emperor  shot  to  death  at  Queretaro. 

But  will  any  man  say  that  result  was  produced  by  the  power  of 

the  mongrels  and  half-breeds  called  the  Mexican  people  1     No,  for 

history  tells  a  different  story. 

The  forces  of  France  were  ordered  out  of  Mexico  by  the  diplomatic 
representative  of  a  nation  that  itself  had  an  organized  army  of  250,- 
000  homogeneous  white  soldiers,  with  a  pure  blooded  white  general, 
without  a  cross  in  his  Caucasian  pedigree  in  a  hundred  generations. 
His  name  was  Grant. 


496       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

And  we  warn  our  countrymen  on  both  sides  of  the  continent,  that 
if  we  go  on  mixing  and  mongrelizing  the  people  of  this  nation,  as  we 
have  been  doing,  and  as  sentimentalists  would  have  us  continue  to 
do,  a  time  will  come  when  a  foreign  expeditionary  force  will  put  a 
European  emperor  in  the  white  house  and  keep  him  there.  We  are 
willing  to  pass  into  history  with  that  prediction  charged  to  our 
account. 

We  do  not  believe  in  the  cessation  of  wars,  or  the  final  triumph 
of  peace  congresses  and  arbitration  of  international  disputes. 

Man  is  a  fighting  animal,  and  wars  will  not  cease  while  he  is  what 
he  is.  Let  it  once  be  seen  that  we  are  unable  to  defend  ourselves, 
and  England  will  have  an  army  in  the  country  within  a  year,  fight- 
ing for  a  market  of  English  goods. 

Our  Chauvinists  are  fond  of  boasting  of  our  population  and  its 
wonderful  increase,  of  our  fifty  or  sixty  millions  of  people — words 
which  we  keep  rolling  off  our  tongue  as  if  in  love  with  the  sound. 

But  what  avail  all  our  millions  of  people  for  defense  if  they  are 
not  of  the  right  quality  and  stamina  1  And  even  they  have  courage 
and  can  fight,  what  avails  it  if  they  are  inharmonious,  burning  with 
race  antagonism,  so  that  the  cunning  enemy  can  set  one  race  cutting 
the  throats  of  the  other  1  The  people  of  India  are  numerous  enough 
if  numbers  go  for  anything. 

We  can  hardly  expect  to  outnumber  them  with  their  266,000,000 

But  England  dresses  one-half  of  them  in  uniforms,  with  feathers 
in  their  hats,  and  red  stripes  down  their  legs,  and  sets  them  to  shoot- 
ing the  other  half. 

For  the  last  two  years  Great  Britain  has  been  carrying  on  a  war 
in  the  Soudan  and  upper  Egypt,  as  usual  for  the  extension  of  trade 
and  a  market.  The  population  of  the  country  consists  of  Arabs 
mixed  with  various  types  of  blacks  from  the  Guinea  negro  down. 
In  a  late  number  of  the  London  Times  is  the  following  news  dis- 
patch which  will  show  how  England  conquers  such  populations  and 
brings  them  to  commercial  relations  with  her.  The  incident  occur- 
red only  three  weeks  ago,  in  fact,  since  this  convention  was  called. 
The  article  in  the  Times  reads  as  follows : 

CAIRO,  February  14,  1886. 

"Osman  Digna,  for  the  past  three  days,  has  been  harrassing  our 
patrol.  Sir  Charles  Warren  yesterday  armed  200  'friendlies'  and 
started  them  off  on  their  own  account.  In  the  afternoon  they  re- 
turned with  306  camels  and  31  cattle.  Sir  Charles  Warren  gave 
them  this  spoil  as  a  present." 


ANTI-CHINESE  MEMORIAL.  497 

That  telegram  tells  its  own  story,  and  requires  no  comment.  No 
"friendlies"  could  be  found  in  France  to  aid  an  invading  foe,  nor  in 
Germany,  nor  in  Old  England,  nor  in  New  England,  nor  in  New 
Jersey.  They  could  not  be  found  in  China.  Are  you  quite  certain 
there  could  not  be  found  in  South  Carolina,  or  in  Florida,  or  in  west- 
ern Texas,  about  the  mouth  of  the  Eio  Grande — friendlies  to  go  off 
on  their  own  account  to  drive  in  stock,  if  they  knew  it  would  be 
given  to  them  as  a  present  on  their  return? 

Such  a  thing  is  only  possible  where  there  exists  some  prejudice  or 
antagonism  that  divides  the  people  of  the  country  against  each 
other,  to  a  degree  that  will  cause  them  to  prefer  the  rule  of  the 
stranger  and  the  foreigner  to  that  of  their  countrymen,  against 
whom  the  prejudice  is  held.  There  are  various  causes  of  antago- 
nism that  will  produce  this  effect,  but  race  friction  is  the  most 
unfailing.  It  always  disintegrates  and  destroys  the  very  bond  and 
fiber  of  a  nation. 

To  give  another  example  of  the  strength  of  homogeneity,  we  point 
to  Chile,  which  country  within  the  last  two  or  three  years  has  con- 
quered both  Bolivia  and  Peru.  Any  one  might  have  foretold  in 
advance  what  would  have  been  the  outcome  of  a  war  between  those 
countries.  Chile  is  the  nearest  to  a  pure-blooded  people  of  all  the 
nations  of  South  America.  Peru  is  another  Mexico,  if  not  even 
more  mixed  and  mongrelized  than  Mexico.  What  possible  sympa- 
thy could  the  Indians  and  half-breeds  of  Peru  have  with  the  pure 
Spaniards  of  that  country,  to  give  them  any  heart  in  a  war  of  de- 
fense ?  What  do  they  care  who  shall  be  their  masters  1 

While  that  war  was  going  on,  we  here  on  the  Pacific  had  reason 
to  fear  a  complication  might  arise  in  which  we  would  be  attacked 
by  Chile,  and  we  were  not  free  from  uneasiness.  We  telegraphed 
east  for  more  cannon  for  our  forts.  But  what  good  are  cannon  with 
no  men  behind  them  1  Fifty  per  cent,  of  the  able-bodied  males  on 
this  coast  of  the  age  for  bearing  arms  are  alien  Chinese.  Do  you 
imagine  they  would  care  very  much  whether  the  Chileans  or  the 
Americans  are  masters  of  California,  or  would  burn  much  gunpow- 
der to  prevent  a  change  of  rulers  !  Is  that  a  condition  of  things 
for  a  true  American  to  be  proud  of  ? 

The  growth  and  development  of  the  sham  sentimentality  about 
the  right  of  free  immigration  to  this  country  has  always  had  Mammon 
as  its  chief  underlying  motive.  The  money-seeking  sentimentalist 
has  recognized  the  obvious  fact  that  the  increase  of  population  has 

32 


498       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

increased  the  value  of  property,  and  made  business  lively,  and  there 
he  has  seen  his  profit. 

If  it  were  once  demonstrated  that  the  coming  hither  of  any  num- 
ber of  the  best  people  in  the  world — English,  Irish,  Scotch,  or  Ger- 
man— reduced  the  market  value  of  property  10  per  centum,  or 
regularly  made  business  dull,  that  very  day  the  last  whisper  about 
the  inherent  and  inalienable  right  of  immigration,  and  about  this 
country  being  the  home  of  liberty  and  the  refuge  of  the  oppressed 
of  all  nations,  would  be  hushed  forever,  and  in  a  week  the  country 
would  be  in  arms  to  keep  the  intruders  out. 

Mammon,  masquerading  in  the  disguise  of  humanity,  patriotism, 
and  national  generosity,  worked  its  way  into  our  diplomatic  service 
and  gave  us  the  Burlingame  treaty. 

We  charge  that  Anson  Burlingame  deliberately  sold  his  country's 
birthright  for  Chinese  money;  and  if  ever  the  true  history  of  that 
document  is  written,  the  facts  will  be  found  as  we  have  stated  them. 
We  will  give  you  our  understanding  of  how  it  was  brought  about : 

Burlingame  was  American  minister  at  Peking.  While  there  he 
found  out  what  is  well  known  to  everybody  familiar  with  China, 
that  the  Chinese  have  always  been  angry  and  dissatisfied  with  the 
concessions  extorted  from  them  by  England,  and  particularly  by  the 
opium  traffic  and  the  extra  territorial  rights,  by  which  foreigners  are 
exempt  from  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Chinese  courts,  and  other  con- 
cessions, all  odious  and  rasping  almost  beyond  endurance  to  the  Chi- 
nese. With  the  instinct  of  the  pettifogger  Burlingame  saw  here  a 
chance  to  make  some  money,  and  he  seized  it.  He  convinced  Tsung- 
li-Yamen  that  if  they  would  make  him  Chinese  embassador,  with  a 
general  roving  commission,  he  could  get  the  United  States  to  back 
him  up  with  moral,  and,  if  necessary,  with  physical  force,  and  that 
thus  he  could  frighten  and  bully  Great  Britain  into  surrendering 
those  concessions  so  galling  to  China. 

He  got  a  contract  to  get  rid  of  the  opium  traffic,  and  the  extra 
territorialities,  by  a  diplomatic  negotiation  with  England.  For  this 
service  he  was  to  have  a  large  sum  of  money — report  says  a  hun- 
dred thousand  taels  cash  in  hand,  and  'a  large  additional  sum,  con- 
tingent upon  success.  It  is  a  shameful  and  humiliating  fact  to 
confess  that  the  minister  of  no  other  power  on  the  globe  would  have 
dared  to  cast  off  his  connection  with  his  own  country,  and  thus 
taken  foreign  service.  Any  European  power  would  have  treated 
him  as  a  disgraced  man  for  doing  it.  China  would  have  cut  off  his 
head.  With  a  numerous  suite  of  Chinese  officials  Mr.  Burlingame 


ANTI-CHINESE  MEMORIAL.  499 

started  for  Europe  in  1868,  by  the  way  of  Washington.  London, 
the  real  objective  point  of  his  diplomatic  expedition,  was  purposely 
and  cunningly  left  till  the  last.  He  knew  well  enough  that  the 
English  foreign  office  would  detect  the  Yankee  renegade  under  the 
disguise  of  the  Chinese  mandarin,  and  that  he  might  have  difficulty 
in  getting  in  at  the  front  door,  much  less  to  be  received  as  repre- 
senting China  in  any  diplomatic  capacity. 

He  went  to  Washington,  not  because  it  was  necessary  to  make  a 
treaty  with  the  United  States,  for  there  was  not  the  slightest  neces- 
sity either  for  China  or  for  us  that  such  a  thing  should  be  done.  We 
were  not  forcing  opium  upon  China.  We  had  not  extorted  the  extra 
territorial  rights  from  her.  We  had  never  so  much  as  pointed  a  gun 
at  her.  It  was  not  necessary,  so  far  as  immigration  was  concerned, 
for  the  law  permitted  them  to  come  at  will.  Burlingame  went 
to  Washington  to  get  recognition  and  prestige  for  European  uses. 
He  felt  it  would  be  a  great  card  if  he  could  show  in  Europe  that 
he  had  been  received  as  Chinese  embassador  by  the  government  of 
the  United  States. 

To  have  negotiated  and  signed  a  treaty  with  them,  would  seem  to 
make  him  solid  everywhere.  So  he  set  about  that  at  once.  He 
began,  as  might  be  expected  from  a  man  capable  of  such  a  career, 
with  a  misstatement.  He  assured  the  state  department  that  he  had 
been  sent  on  a  special  mission  connected  with  the  opening  up  of 
China  to  railroad  building,  of  which  he  hoped  in  time  to  give  our 
people  a  monopoly.  He  knew  us  to  be  the  children  of  Mammon, 
and  took  advantage  of  his  knowledge. 

Just  who  suggested  those  clauses  of  the  Burlingame  treaty  about 
the  inherent  right  of  immigration,  we  do  not  know,  but  considering 
the  state  of  mind  prevailing  about  the  state  department  at  that  time 
it  is  probable  it  came  from  our  side. 

But  it  did  not  make  any  difference  to  Burlingame  what  the  treaty 
contained  so  long  as  it  did  not  disgrace  him  with  China.  What  he 
wanted  was  a  treaty.  So  he  lobbied  at  Washington  waiting  to  get 
the  prestige  of  American  recognition  to  take  with  him  to  England. 

At  last  he  worked  the  instrument  through,  which  goes  into  history 
with  his  name.  Then  he  went  away  to  Europe,  but  never  got  across 
the  threshold  of  any  court  or  foreign  office  to  say  good  morning 

For  the  purpose  of  obtaining  prestige,  with  which  he  might  work 
upon  Great  Britain  in  the  interest  of  China  and  earn  his  fee,  Mr. 
Burlingame  induced  his  own  country  to  yield  up  a  sovereign  attri- 
bute, never  before  surrendered  by  any  free  people,  a  right  infinitely 


500       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

more  valuable  than  all  the  opium  privileges  and  extra  territorialities 
and  trading  concessions  extorted  from  China  by  English  arms  in  a 
hundred  years'  war. 

Among  them  they  bartered  away,  as  far  as  it  can  be  bartered 
away,  the  right  to  determine  who  shall  come  and  who  shall  not 
come  to  this  new  and  growing  country  of  ours,  live  on  its  soil,  enjoy 
its  privileges,  and  mingle  freely  with  its  people. 

All  that  the  early  colonists  had  earned  by  their  toil  and  suffering, 
all  our  revolutionary  heroes  had  purchased  with  their  blood,  the 
land  that  has  been  wrested  from  savage  nature  and  savage  men  by 
the  courage  of  our  race,  was  thrown  open  to  four  hundred  and  fifty 
million  Chinese  to  run  over  it,  to  take  it,  to  enjoy  it  as  freely  as  we, 
in  order  that  Mr.  Burlingame  could  earn  a  hundred  thousand  taels 
in  Chinese  silver. 

He  did  not  even  reserve  the  right  for  the  cheated  Americans, 
when  squeezed  out  of  their  own  country,  to  seek  refuge  in  China, 
for  our  residence  there  remains  strictly  limited  to  some  fifteen  or 
twenty  seaports,  named  long  before  in  older  treaties.  In  the  history 
of  the  world  no  such  fraud  was  ever  perpetrated  upon  a  free  and 
sovereign  people. 

For  all  this  the  only  equivalent  we  are  supposed  to  get  back 
occurs  in  article  eight  in  the  treaty.  It  provides  in  substance 
that  whenever  China  shall  build  railroads  the  United  States  shall 
furnish  the  engineers  and  China  will  pay  them  their  salaries. 

Whether  these  engineers  are  to  drive  the  locomotives  or  do  the 
surveying  does  not  seem  absolutely  clear.  But  let  it  be  what  it 
may,  China  has  within  the  last  year  deliberately  violated  and  broken 
this  treaty  by  making  a  new  one  with  France,  in  which  it  is  agreed 
that  not  Americans,  but  Frenchmen,  are  to  not  only  engineer  the 
railroads  in  China,  but  to  construct  and  operate  them  as  well. 

That  treaty,  cheating  us  out  of  the  mess  of  pottage  we  were  to 
have  for  our  birthright,  was  concluded  in  Peking  some  time  in  May, 
and  ratified  in  Paris  on  the  28th  of  November,  1385;  and  now  all 
that  is  left  to  us  under  the  treaty  is  an  unlimited  and  inexhaustible 
supply  of  coolies. 

This  is  the  true  history  and  inwardness  of  the  Burlingame  treaty. 
It  was  conceived  in  fraud  and  chicane.  It  was  negotiated  at  a  time 
when  no  treaty  was  wanted  by  either  country,  and  not  for  the  pur- 
pose named  in  the  treaty.  It  lays  that  down  to  be  a  public  and 
natural  law  which  never  was,  and  never  in  the  nature  of  things  can 
be  such. 


ANTI-CHINESE  MEMORIAL.  5Q1 

It  is  an  international  lie,  patent  on  its  face.  It  never  ought  to 
have  been  entered  into.  It  has  been  deliberately  and  solemnly 
abrogated  in  its  spirit,  if  not  in  the  letter,  by  the  Chinese,  in  giving 
away  to  the  French  the  railroad  privileges  guaranteed  to  us.  For 
these  reasons  it  ought  to  be  abrogated  and  got  out  of  the  way  by  our 
own  government.  We  do  not  believe  it  is  kept  in  force  by  the  wish 
of  China,  or  that  they  would  make  any  serious  objections  to  our  bring- 
ing it  to  an  end.  The  objection  to  terminating  the  Burlingame  treaty 
has  its  stronghold  in  America,  with  the  cheap  labor  interests  alone. 
The  people  of  this  coast  are  willing  to  accept  cheap  labor  when  it 
comes  naturally  by  excessive  population,  as  in  the  growth  and 
development  it  will  come  in  time.  We  object  to  nothing  that  is 
natural  and  inevitable.  Labor  will  be  cheap  when  the  country  is 
full  of  people,  and  the  conditions  of  life  hard.  Doubling  in  popula- 
tion as  we  do  once  in  twenty-five  years,  God  knows  it  will  come  soon 
enough.  But  we  are  against  hastening  it  at  the  expense  of  the 
quality,  fiber  and  stamina  of  the  nation. 

Again  we  say  what  we  said  in  the  beginning,  a  nation's  wealth  is 
not  in  its  money,  but  in  its  men  and  women.  When  they  deterio- 
rate the  country  sinks  down  with  them. 

The  people  of  the  Pacific  states  are  holding  the  gates  against  a 
system  that  will,  if  persisted  in,  bring  the  country  of  Washington  to 
the  condition  of  Mexico,  if  not  to  that  of  Panama  or  Jamaica. 
This  may  not  be  true  of  every  part  of  the  country,  but  it  is  certainly 
true  of  portions  of  it,  and  those  portions  having  the  richest  soil  and 
the  mildest  and  most  agreeable  climate. 

We  would  only  be  following  the  common  instincts  of  human 
nature  in  preferring  our  own  race  to  that  of  the  alien  Chinaman, 
even  were  it  less  worthy  than  his,  and  for  no  higher  reason  than 
because  it  is  our  own.  But  when  we  remember  that  ours  was  the 
race  which  was  first  to  seize  upon  nature's  forces  and  harness  them 
to  the  car  of  progress  that  has  smoothed  the  earth's  surface  and 
made  it  more  fit  for  man's  habitation,  we  think  he  has  earned  the 
right,  even  if  he  had  it  not  before,  to  hold  any  place  he  has  once 
secured,  to  the  exclusion  of  all  comers;  and  we  will  make  an  effort 
to  hold  this  place  as  our  home  and  settlement.  The  noblest  impulse 
of  human  nature  is  that  which  prompts  men  to  secure  a  habitation 
and  place  of  abode  for  their  families  and  those  who  are  to  come  after 
them,  and  by  all  lawful  means  we  will  try  to  maintain  this  land  on 
the  shores  of  the  Pacific  ocean  for  ourseHes. 

The   people  of    California    are  a  loyal  people  to   the    American 


502       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

nation,  of  which  they  are  proud  to  be  an  integral  part.  As  such 
they  appeal  to  the  legislature  of  the  union  to  grant  them  speedy 
relief  from  a  situation  that  has  become  practically  insupportable. 

v» 

The  committee  on  resolutions,  of  which  Horace  Davis  was  chair- 
man, reported  the  following: 

Whereas,  The  people  of  the  State  of  California  are,  with  an 
unanimity  of  sentiment  unparalleled  in  history,  opposed  to  the  pres- 
ence of  Chinese  in  their  midst,  and  are  likewise  opposed  to  the 
further  immigration  of  that  race  into  the  United  States:  and 
whereas,  this  opposition  is  not  of  sudden  growth,  but  is  the  result  of 
more  than  thirty  years'  experience;  and  whereas,  the  history  of  all 
countries  where  the  Chinese  have  been  permitted  to  reside  among 
other  races,  is  a  precise  counterpart  of  our  own;  and  whereas, 
the  evils  arising  from  the  presence  of  the  Chinese  are: 

1.  Their  coming  is  an  invasion,  not  an  immigration. 

2.  They  have  no  families  or  homes  among  us. 

3.  Their  domestic  relations  and  mode  of  life  are  such  as  forever 
preclude  their  assimilation  with  our  people. 

4.  By  education  and  customs  they  are  antagonistic  to  a  republican 
form  of  government. 

5.  They  maintain  in  our  midst  secret  tribunals  in  defiance  of  our 
laws. 

6.  The  presence  of  so  many  adult  males  owing  allegiance  to  a 
foreign  government  is  dangerous. 

7.  They  deter  laboring  men  from  coming  to  California. 

8.  The  contract  system  by  which  they  come  to  this  country  is 
virtually  a  system  of  peonage,  hostile  to  American  institutions.    ' 

9.  Their  presence  deters  the  growth  of  a  reliable  labor  element 
among  our  boys  and  girls. 

10.  After  subsisting  on  the  lowest  possible  portion  of  their  earn- 
ings they  remit  the  residue,  amounting  to  many  millions  annually, 
to    China,  while  the  substitution  of  American  labor  would  retain 
this  vast  sum  of  money  in  our  own  country. 

For  these  and  other  reasons  they  are  a  constant  and  growing 
source  of  irritation  and  danger  to  our  State,  and  it  is  necessary  that 
their  immigration  be  immediately  stopped,  and  every  lawful  measure 
be  adopted  to  remove  those  now  among  us.  Therefore,  be  it 
resolved, 

1.  That  we  demand  that  the  government  of  the  United  States 
take  immediate  steps  to  prohibit  absolutely  this  Chinese  invasion. 


ANTI-CHINESE  RESOLUTIONS.  5Q3 

2.  That  to  encourage  the  early  removal  of  the  Chinese  we  accept 
the  suggestion  of  the  constitution  of  California,  which  says  that  no 
Chinese  shall  ever  be  employed  upon  any  public  work  of  the  state, 
except  in  punishment  for  crime. 

3.  That  the   interests  of  the  people   of  the   state   of  California 
demand,  in  harmony  with  the  organic  law  of  the  State,  that  the 
presence  of  Chinese  should  be  discouraged  in  every  particular,  and 
that  in  every  instance  preference  should  be  given  to  white  labor ;  and 
we  earnestly  appeal  to  the  people  to-do  their  utmost  to  supplant  the 
Chinese  with  such  labor.       We  are  not  in  favor  of  any  unlawful 
methods,  but  so  firmly  are  we  impressed  with  the  great  importance 
of  discouraging  the  employment  of  the  Chinese,  that  we  recommend 
that  they  be  not  patronized  in  any  way,  and  we  are  in  favor  at  the 
earliest  moment  of  boycotting  any  person  who  employs  Chinamen 
directly  or  indirectly,    or  who  purchases  the   products  of  Chinese 
labor.     The  date  at  which  the  boycott  commences  in  different  locali- 
ties shall  in  all  cases  be  left  to  the  local  leagues. 

4.  That  a  permanent  state  organization  be  perfected  by  this  state 
convention,  to  be  known  as  the  ''California  Anti-Chinese  Nonpartisan 
Association." 

5.  That  an  executive  committee  be  selected  by  the  chairman  of 
the  convention,  consisting  of  three  from  San  Francisco,  and  one  from 
each  other  county  of  the  state,  who  shall  be  fully  empowered  to  have 
control  of  the  state  work,  fill  vacancies  in  their  own  body,  call  state 
conventions  at  such  times  and  places  as  they  may  deem  proper,  and 
devise  ways  and  means  for  advancing  the  cause. 

6.  That  we  recommend  that  a  state  organizer  be  selected  by  the 
convention,    whose  compensation   shall  be  fixed  by    the    executive 
committee. 

7.  That  the  state  executive  committee  be  requested  to  solicit  sub- 
scriptions, in  order  that  the  work  of  excluding  the  Chinese  may  not  be 
crippled  from  lack  of  funds,  and  we  recommend  that  printed  copies 
of  all  subscriptions  received,  and  of  all  expenditures  made  by  the 
committee,  be  sent  to  every  newspaper  in  the  state,  with  a  request 
for  publication. 

8.  That  these  resolutions  be  printed,  and  that  copies  thereof  be 
mailed  to  the  president  of   the  United  States,  the  justices   of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States,  to  the  members  of  the  cabinet, 
to  the  California  delegates  in  congress,  to  the  members  of  the  senate 
and  house  of  representatives  from  the  other  states  and  territories, 


504       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

to  the  governors  of  the  several  states  and  territories,  and  to  each 
newspaper  in  California. 

On  motion  of  John  Bid  well,  the  resolutions  were  considered 
seriatim.  They  were  unanimously  concurred  in  until  the  third, 
relative  to  boycotting,  was  reached.  The  adoption  of  this  resolu- 
tion  was  opposed  by  John  Bidwell,  F.  M.  Pixley,  F.  G.  Newlands, 
A.  A.  Sargent,  and  M.  H.  Hecht,  while  speeches  in  favor  of  it  were 
made  by  F.  W.  Hunt,  Henry  Wilson,  A.  Sbarboro,  N.  F.  Rawlin, 
James  H.  Barry,  Patrick  Reddy,  W.  H.  Sears,  M.  M.  Estee,  and 
H.  Weinstock.  The  previous  question  was  moved  by  0.  F.  Mc- 
Glashan.  The  motion  was  put  and  declared  carried  by  a  vive  voce 
vote.  A  demand  for  a  call  of  the  roll  from  Sargent  and  others  was 
denied  on  the  ground  that  it  came  after  the  result  had  been  declared. 
Sargent  and  Bidwell  retired  from  the  convention. 

The  remaining  resolutions  were  adopted  as  reported,  with  the 
exception  of  the  fifth,  which  was  amended  by  striking  out  the  words 
"fill  vacancies  in  their  own  bodies,"  and  adding  the  provision  "that 
all  vacancies  in  said  executive  committee  shall  be  filled  by  election 
of  the  clubs  and  leagues  of  the  county  in  which  the  vacancy  occurs, 
and  that  in  case  any  county  is  not  represented  in  this  convention, 
then  that  the  committeeman  from  that  county  be  filled  by  the  elec- 
tion of  clubs  and  leagues  of  that  county." 

The  question  of  the  adoption  of  the  resolutions  as  a  whole  was  put, 
and  carried  with  only  two  or  three  dissenting  votes. 

N.  F.  Rawlin  was  elected  state  organizer,  by  acclamation. 

On  Friday  afternoon,  March  12th,  the  convention  adjourned 
sine  die. 

The  state  executive  committee  of  the  prohibition  party  met  at  San 
Francisco,  March  8th,  and  issued  a  call  for  a  state  convention  to 
meet  at  Sacramento,  May  12th.  The  convention  met  on  the  latter 
date.  It  was  called  to  order  by  J.  A.  Fairbanks,  chairman  of  the 
executive  committee.  George  B.  Katzenstein  was  elected  temporary 
chairman,  and  subsequently  was  made  permanent  chairman.  Two 
hundred  and  forty-five  delegates,  representing  thirty  counties,  were 
reported  by  the  committee  on  credentials  as  being  entitled  to  seats. 

The  committee  on  platform  and  resolutions,  composed  of  M.  C. 
Winchester,  W.  H.  Martin,  and  C.  Henderson,  reported  the  follow- 
ing: 


PROHIBITION  CONVENTION.  5Q5 

Helying  upon  the  favor  of  Almighty  God  and  the  justice  of  our 
cause,  we,  the  prohibition   party  of   California,  through  the  repre- 
sentatives thereof  in  convention  assembled,  do  announce  the  follow- 
.  ing  as  our  political  faith  : 

1.  While   we  are   unalterably  opposed  to  the   enactment  of  all 
sumptuary  laws,  properly  so  named,  we  believe   it  not  only  a  con- 
stitutional right,  but  the  bounden  duty  of  the  state,  to  prohibit  the 
manufacture,  sale,  and  importation  of  all  alcoholic  beverages. 

2.  The    combined    testimony  of  philanthropists,    statesmen,   and 
jurists  for  the  past  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  declares  that  the  use 
of  intoxicating  drinks  tends  directly  and  inevitably  to  the  propaga- 
tion of  disease,  the  suppression  of  industry,  the  promotion  of  vice 
and  crime,  and  the  destruction  of  mankind;  and  believing  that  so 
far-reaching  an  evil  can  only  be  remedied  by  legal  means,  we  demand 
the  enactment  of  constitutional  and  statutory  laws  for  the  state  and 
nation  that  shall  forever  prohibit  the  manufacture,  sale,  and  importa- 
tion of  alcoholic  beverages,  and  we  solemnly  pledge  ourselves  to  vote 
for  no  one  for  office  who  will  not  pledge  himself  to  use  his  influence 
and  vote  to  secure  the  enactment  of  such  laws. 

3.  That  the  old  parties  are  the  servile  supporters  of  the  liquor 
power  is   evidenced   by  the  open  and  shameless  espousals  of  the 
saloons  by  the  one  and  the   contemptuous   refusal  of  the  other  to 
legislate  to  protect  the  home  from  the  giant  curse  of  intemperance, 
though  repeatedly  petitioned  to  do  so.     Therefore,  we  declare  that 
those  parties  who  thus  pander  to  the  vicious  elements  of  society  to 
maintain  political  power,  merit  and  should  receive  the  condemnation 
of  all  good  citizens,  and  are  unworthy  the  countenance  and  support  of 
Christians  and  patriots,  and  are  totally  unfit  to  govern  a  free  people. 

——4:  Inasmuch  as  a  day  of  rest  is  absolutely  necessary  to  the  physi- 
cal and  mental  well-being  of  man,  especially  that  of  the  laboring 
classes,  as  well  as  for  the  purpose  of  moral  and  spiritual  culture, 
therefore,  we  demand  the  enactment  of  a  Sunday  law,  whereby  all 
places  of  business,  whose  keeping  open  that  day  is  not  absolutely 
necessary  to  the  public  welfare,  shall  be  closed  on  the  first  day  of 
the  week. 

5.  We  are  in  favor  of  the  largest  personal  liberty  consistent  with 
orderly  civil  government,  and  would  gladly  welcome  to  our  free 
country  all  those  who  come  with  the  intention  of  enjoying  our 
institutions  as  they  find  them,  but  we  demand  the  exclusion  of  those 
whose  purpose  in  coming  here  is  to  overthrow  our  government  and 
destroy  our  liberties.  We  demand  further  that  the  right  of  fran- 


506       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

chise  be  withheld  from  all  foreigners  till  they  shall  have  lived  in  this- 
country  for  a  period  sufficiently  long  to  enable  them  to  become 
familiar  with  our  institutions  and  politics,  and  to  demonstrate  their 
disposition  to  live  in  conformity  therewith. 

A  motion  to  insert  a  resolution  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage  was 
lost,  and  the  platform  was  adopted  as  reported.  The  vote  by  which 
it  was  adopted  was  subsequently  reconsidered  and  the  fourth  and 
fifth  resolutions,  relative  to  the  Sunday  law  and  foreign  voters  were 
stricken  out. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  : 

For  governor,  Joel  Russell,  by  acclamation. 

For  justices  of  supreme  court,  William  G.  Murphy  and  Robert- 
Thompson  (resigned). 

For  secretary  of  state,  Frank  E.  Kellogg. 

For  controller,  J.  A.  Fairbanks. 

For  treasurer,  H.  S.  Graves. 

For  attorney  general,  George  Babcock. 

For  surveyor-general,  George  B.  Tolman. 

For  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  D.  A.  Mobley. 
>^For  clerk  of  supreme  court,  Julius  Lyons. 

For  members  of  state  board  of  equalization,  J.  S.  Reynolds,  A.  J. 
Gregg,  Charles  E.  Green  (J.  L.  Mansfield  afterward  substituted), 
and  L.  B.  Hogue. 

For  railroad  commissioners,  W.  0.  Damon,  E.  0.  Tade,  and  S.  M. 
McLean. 

For  members  of  congress,  first  district,  L.  W.  Simmons;  second 
district,  W.  0.  Clark;  third  district,  W.  W.  Smith;  fourth  district, 
R.  Thompson ;  fifth  district,  0.  Henderson ;  sixth  district,  Will  A. 
Harris. 

The  following  resolution,  introduced  by  George  Babcock,  was 
adopted,  without  opposition  : 

Whereas,  This  convention  has  excluded  from  its  platform  a 
declaration  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage,  and  it  appearing  that  such 
exclusion  may  lead  to  misapprehension  in  regard  to  the  opinions  of 
the  members  of  the  convention ;  therefore,  be  it  resolved, 

That  we  most  emphatically  declare  it  to  be  our  opinion  that  the 
immediate  and  unconditional  enfranchisement  of  woman  would 
surely  tend  to  the  highest  interest  of  the  whole  people,  and  forever 
put  an  end  to  the  traffic  in  intoxicating  liquors;  and  that  for  these 
reasons,  as  individuals,  we  will  at  all  times  use  every  lawful  and 


IRRIGATION  CONVENTION.  5Q7 

proper  means  to  secure  an  amendment  to  the  constitution  of  the 
state  conferring  upon  women  the  right  to  vote. 

The  officers  of  the  state  central  committee  were  announced  to  be 
as  follows  :  J.  A.  Fairbanks,  president;  Joel  Russell,  vice-president; 
George  Morris,  secretary;  R.  JEL.  McDonald,  treasurer.  These,  with 
M.  F.  Clayton,  E.  B.  Fowler,  and  0.  Henderson,  were  to  compose 
the  executive  committee.  The  convention  adjourned  sine  die  at  12 
M.  on  May  13th. 

The  state  irrigation  convention  met  at  the  Grand  Opera  House, 
San  Francisco,  May  20th.  It  was  composed  of  delegates  from  some 
fifty  irrigation  clubs,  and  other  persons  who  became  entitled  to  seats 
by  signing  the  following  : 

Articles  of  Association  of  the  Anti-riparian  Irrigation  Organiza- 
tion of  the  State  of  California  : 

Whereas,  The  necessities  of  the  people  of  this  state,  growing  out 
of  our  peculiar  climatic  and  physical  conditions,  require  that  all  the 
waters  of  the  state  should  be  applied  to  beneficial  uses,  and  espec- 
ially to  irrigation ;  and  whereas,  it  has  been  the  well-established 
custom  and  usage  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  state  ever  since  the  ter- 
ritory was  acquired  from  Mexico,  and  long  prior  thereto,  to  enjoy  and 
permit  the  free  appropriation  and  diversion  of  water  to  all  who 
would  apply  it  to  a  beneficial  use ;  and  whereas,  by  virtue  of  such 
usage  and  custom,  capital  and  labor  have  created  out  of  deserts  and 
rivers  enormous  wealth  to  the  state,  and  the  irrigation  interests- 
have  assumed  gigantic  proportions;  and  whereas,  several  hundred 
thousand  people  are  now  dependent  upon  and  directly  or  indirectly 
supported  by  means  of  irrigation ;  and  whereas,  attempts  are  now 
being  made  to  resurrect  the  English  common  law  doctrine  of  riparian 
rights  from  the  grave  to  which  the  will  of  the  people  long  since  con- 
signed it,  and  to  impress  it  upon  the  jurisprudence  of  the  state ;  and 
whereas,  such  attempt,  if  successful,  means  the  desolation  of  thousands 
of  homes ;  means  that  the  desert  shall  invade  vineyard,  orchard,  and 
field ;  that  the  grape  shall  parch  upon  the  vine,  the  fruit  wither  on  the 
tree,  and  the  meadow  be  cursed  with  drought ;  means  that  silence  shall 
fall  upon  our  busy  colonies,  and  their  people  shall  flee  from  the  thirsty 
and  un watered  lands ;  means  that  the  cities  built  upon  the  commerce 
irrigation  has  created  shall  decay,  and  that  in  all  this  region  the 
pillars  of  civilization  shall  fall,  and  unprofitable  flocks  and  herds 
shall  graze  the  scant  herbage  where  once  there  was  a  land  of  corn. 


508       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

and  wine,  flowing  with  milk  and  honey;  and  whereas,  if  this  attempt 
to  forbid  the  useful  appropriation  of  water  is  defeated  by  a  righteous 
public  opinion  crystallized  into  law,  the  homes  now  planted  in  the 
midst  of  fruitful  acres  will  remain  the  shelter  of  a  happy  people, 
enriched  by  the  productive  soil,  and  irrigation  will  advance  the 
frontier  of  verdure  and  flowers  and  fruit,  until  the  desert  is  con- 
quered and  has  exchanged  its  hot  sands  for  happy  garlands,  its  va- 
grant herds  for  valiant  people,  and  the  bleak  plains  grow  purple 
with  the  vintage  and  golden  with  the  harvest,  and  the  pleasures  and 
profits,  the  peace  and  plenty  that  come  out  of  the  useful  rivers  will 
make  this  land  the  promised  land  to  millions  of  free  people;  and 
whereas,  we  have,  then,  on  the  one  hand  the  certainties  of  agricul- 
ture and  horticulture,  of  profitable  immigration,  of  surplus  produc- 
tion for  export  of  articles  universally  desirable  and  necessary,  and 
always  in  demand  ;  the  growth  of  our  cities  and  the  greatness  of  our 
state;  on  the  other  hand  are  thirst  and  famine,  ruin  and  decay, 
farms  dismantled,  colonies  abandoned,  cities  subjected  to  dry  rot,  and 
the  state  denied  her  career  by  denying  to  her  people  their  birth- 
right ;  and  whereas,  the  court  of  highest  resort  of  the  state,  whose 
final  determination  is  conclusive  of  law,  is  divided  upon  the  question, 
and  the  right  of  appropriation  and  irrigation  now  stands  upon  uncer- 
tain ground ;  and  whereas,  the  legislature  has  failed  to  take  meas- 
ures for  the  protection  of  irrigation ;  and  whereas,  there  are  40,000 
voters  in  this  state  ready  and  anxious  to  fight  and  vote  as  a  unit  for 
irrigation ;  and  whereas,  the  safe  and  sure  road  to  a  successful  issue 
in  the  courts  and  in  the  legislature  is  to  organize,  and  by  united  and 
harmonious  action  control  the  result  of  the  coming  election;  resolved, 

That  we,  the  undersigned,  associate  ourselves  together  under  the 
name  of  the  "Anti-riparian  Irrigation  Organization  of  the  State  of 
California,"  and  pledge  ourselves  to  use  all  honorable  means  to  carry 
out  the  purposes  of  our  organization,  as  follows: 

1.  To  maintain  that  the  right  of  appropriation  of  water  for  benefi- 
cial purposes,  is    and   always    has  been  paramount  to  any  alleged 
rights  of  riparian  owners,  in  this  state. 

2.  To  secure  the  adoption  of  an  amendment  to  the  state  constitu- 
tion, and  amendments  to  the  laws  declaring  that  the  common  law  of 
England  is  not  and  should  not  be  the  rule  of  property,  or  the  rule  of 
decision  in  the  courts  of  this  state,  in  controversies  concerning  the 
right    to   appropriate,    divert  and  use  water,  nor  in  actions  by  or 
against  actual  appropriators  of  water  for  beneficial  purposes;  and 


IRRIGATION  CONVENTION.  509 

that  priority  of  appropriation  for  a  beneficial  purpose  determines 
the  right  without  regard  to  the  ownership  of  the  banks  of  a  water- 
course. 

3.  To  maintain  both  as  a  physical  and  legal  proposition  that  the 
conditions  and  necessities  of  the  people  of  this  state,  and  the  climatic 
and  physical  characteristics  of  the  state  are,  and  ever  have  been, 
such  as  to  render  the  common  law  doctrine  of  riparian  rights  in- 
applicable here. 

4.  To  secure  the  passage  of  any  and  all  other  amendments  to  the 
constitution  or  laws  which  will  contribute  to  establish  the  rights  of 
irrigation  against  the  riparian  doctrine. 

5.  To   procure  the  election  of   members  of    the  legislature  who 
openly  and  without  qualification  favor  and  will  act  upon  the  fore- 
going principles,  regardless  of  political  affiliations. 

6.  To  oppose  through  the  ballot  box  and  by  every  other  legitimate 
means  the  election  of  any  person  to  office,   executive,  legislative  or 
judicial,  who  is  not  known  to  be  in  full  and  active  accord  with  every 
proposition  contained  in  these  articles  of  association. 

7.  To  obtain  confirmation  by  the  courts  and  the  legislature  as  the 
law  and  the  fact,  that  the  use  of  the  waters  of  streams  for  the  pur- 
pose of  irrigation,  is  a  natural  want  in  this  state,  and  to  be  preferred 
to  all  other  uses. 

The  convention  was  called  to  order  by  J.  De  Earth  Shorb,  chair- 
man of  the  executive  committee.  A  committee  on  credentials,  with 
L.  M.  Holt  as  chairman,  and  a  committee  on  organization,  with  J. 
F.  Wharton  as  chairman,  were  appointed,  as  was  also  a  committee 
on  resolutions,  composed  of  W.  S.  Green,  John  P.  Irish,  Charles 
Mulholland,  S.  Jewett,  and  M.  E.  0.  Munday. 

On  permanently  organizing,  J.  De  Earth  Shorb  was  elected  presi- 
dent, and  J.  F.  Wharton,  W.  S.  Green,  R  Hudnut,  L.  B.  Buggies, 
E.  H.  Tucker,  D.  K.  Zumwalt,  L.  M.  Holt,  William  T.  Coleman, 
N.  D.  Hideout,  John  P.  Irish,  and  William  B.  Carr,  vice-presidents. 

The  following  platform  was  reported  by  the  committee  on  resolu- 
tions, and  finally  adopted  : 

1.  That  the  cubic  foot  per  second  be  adopted  as  the  unit  of  meas- 
urement throughout  the  state. 

2.  A  declaration  by  the  legislature  that  all  the  unnavigable  waters 
of  the  state,  in  natural  streams  and  lakes  not  rising  or  wholly  in- 
cluded in   lands    under   private    ownership,   belong   to   the  people 
thereof,  and  are  subject  to  appropriation  by  the  people  for  irriga- 


510      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

tion,  mining,  manufacturing,  and  other  useful  purposes,  and  that  the 
customary  law  of  appropriation  of  water  for  these  purposes,  as  it 
has  grown  up  in  this  state,  should  receive  the  formal  sanction  of  that 
body,  as  follows : 

3.  That  there  is  no  individual  or  corporate  ownership  of  water, 
except  that  which  rises  upon  land  under  such  individual  or  corporate 
ownership,  this  ownership  continuing  so  long  only  as  it  remains  upon 
the  premises,  or  so  long  after  it  leaves  them,  as  they  may  control  it 
in  pipes,  ditches,  or  any  other  means  of  conveyance,  and  apply  it  to 
useful,  beneficial,  and  necessary  purposes. 

4.  That  the  appropriation  of  water  from  all  public  sources  does 
not  imply  individual  or  corporate  ownership,  but  that  it  is  taken  for 
the  time  and  to  the  extent  only  that  it  is  applied  to  a  useful  and 
necessary  purpose,  after  which   it   is    free  to  other  or  subsequent 
appropriators  under  the  same  conditions. 

5.  That  the  appropriation  of  water  and  its  conveyance  through 
canals  and  ditches  for  sale,  rental,  or  distribution  is  a  useful,  neces- 
sary, and  beneficial  purpose,  sale  or  rental  not  implying  ownership 
of  the  element,  but  just  remuneration  for  the  use  of  the  franchise 
and  the  plant  employed  in  its  conveyance. 

6.  That  a  system  of  law  should  be   adopted  providing  for  the 
control,  management,  and  just  distribution  of  the  waters  of  the  state, 
in  accordance  with  the  foregoing  principles. 

7.  To  so  extend  the  law  of  eminent  domain  as  to  allow  an  irriga- 
tion district,  when  formed,  corporation  or  individual,  to  condemn 
and  pay  for  rights  of  way,  lands,  canals,  ditches  and  water  claims, 
and  rights  of  whatever  nature  held  by  any  person  or  corporation,  or 
any  other  private  rights  of  property,  however  existing  or  acquired, 
or  by  whatever  name  designated,  which  may   be  necessary  for  the 
appropriation  or  use  of  water;  provided,  that  in  condemning  water 
used  at  the  time  of  the  commencement  of  an  action  for  the  same  a 
manifestly  greater  public  advantage  and  use  can  be  shown. 

8.  That  section  4468  of  the  political  code  should  be  amended  to 
read  as  follows :  "  The  common  law  of  England,  in  so  far  as  not  re- 
pugnant to  or  inconsistent  with  the  constitution  of  the  United  States 
or  the  constitution  and  laws  of  this  state,  except  as  it  applies  to 
streams  and  watercourses,  is  the  rule  of  decision  in  all  the  courts  of 
this  state." 

9.  That  section  1422  of  the  civil  code,  which  declares  that  the 
rights  of  riparian  proprietors  are  not  affected  by  the  preceding  sec- 


IRRIGATION  CONVENTION.  51 1 

^tions  of  the  code  providing  for  rights  to  water  by  appropriation, 
-should  be  repealed. 

The  committee  on  resolutions  made  a  further  report,  which  was 
also  adopted.  It  was  as  follows : 

We  respectfully  submit  the  accompanying  measures,  which  are 
proposed  for  adoption  by  the  legislature  and  as  a  pledge  to  be  re- 
quired of  candidates,  as  hereinafter  set  forth.  These  measures  con- 
sist, first,  in  a  proposed  constitutional  amendment  to  fix  and  deter- 
mine the  nature  of  water  rights;  second,  a  proposed  constitutional 
amendment  to  regulate  the  use  of  water  appropriated  for  irrigation; 
third,  a  proposed  act  of  the  legislature  concerning  the  right  to  ac- 
quire the  use  of  water  by  appropriation;  fourth,  the  repeal  of  sec. 
tion  1422  of  the  civil  code.  These  proposed  measures  were  prepared 
by  the  state  executive  committee  after  careful  consideration,  and 
after  taking  the  best  advice  in  the  state  we  believe  that  these  meas- 
ures are  absolutely  necessary  to  secure  a  permanent  irrigation  policy. 
We  therefore  propose  the  following  resolutions: 

1.  That  the  accompanying  bills  and  amendments   be  adopted  as 
•expressing  in  part  the  legislative  policy  of  this  convention. 

2.  That  the  friends  of  irrigation  should  exact  a  full  and  unquali- 
fied indorsement  of  these  measures  from   all   candidates  who  can 
.promote  or  affect  the  interests  of  irrigation. 

3.  That  we  ask  the  irrigation  clubs  to  remain  organized  and  con- 
tinue organizing  from  now  until  irrigation  shall  become  the  perma- 
nent law  and  practice  of  the  state,  and  that  the  members  of  such 
•clubs  and  all  in  agreement  and  alliance  with  us  so  use  their  votes  as 
to  promote  the  political  success  of  such  candidates  only  as  accept 
these  measures  without  amendment. 

W.  S.  GREEN,  Chairman. 

An  act  to  amend  the  constitution  of  the  state  of  California  : 

The  legislature  of  the  state  of  California,  at  its  session  commenc- 
ing on  the day  of ,  188-,  two  thirds  of  all  the  members 

•elected  to  each  of  the  two  houses  of  the  said  legislature  voting  in  favor 
thereof,  hereby  propose  that  article  XIV  of  the  constitution  of  the 
state  of  California  be  amended  by  adding  the  following  new  sections 
at  the  end  thereof .: 

Sec.  3.  The  water  of  every  natural  stream,  not  heretofore  appro- 
priated, within  the  state  of  California,  is  hereby  declared  to  be  the 
property  of  the  public,  and  the  same  is  dedicated  to  the  use  of  the 


512       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

people  of  the  state,  subject  to  appropriation  as  hereinafter  provided." 
Sec.  4.  The  right  to  divert  unappropriated  waters  of  any  natural 
stream  to  beneficial  uses  shall  never  be  denied.  Prior  appropriation 
to  any  such  use,  whether  heretofore  or  hereafter  made,  shall  give 
the  better  right,  and  the  right  of  appropriation  shall  be  ever  exer- 
cised under  such  regulations  as  the  legislature  has  heretofore  pre- 
scribed or  may  hereafter  prescribe,  and  the  English  common  law  of 
riparian  rights,  so  far  as  it  conflicts  with  this  or  the  preceding  sec- 
tion, shall  not  be  recognized  as  a  rule  of  decision  or  rule  of  property 
in  any  of  the  courts  of  this  state. 

Number  two  is  a  proposed  constitutional  amendment : 

Section  1.  The  use  of  all  water  now  appropriated  or  that  may 
hereafter  be  appropriated  for  irrigation,  sale,  rental,  or  distribution, 
is  hereby  declared  to  be  a  public  use,  and  subject  to  the  control  and 
regulation  of  the  state,  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law,  pro- 
vided that  the  rates  of  compensation  to  be  collected  by  any  person, 
company,  corporation,  or  irrigation  district  in  this  state  for  the  use 
of  water  supplied  to  any  city  and  county,  or  city,  town,  or  irriga- 
tion district,  or  the  inhabitants  thereof,  shall  be  fixed  every  three 
years  by  the  supervisors,  or  city  and  county,  or  city,  or  town  coun- 
cil, or  other  governing  body  of  such  city  and  county,  or  city,  or 
town,  or  irrigation  district,  and  shall  continue  in  force  for  three 
years,  and  until  new  rates  are  established;  but  in  establishing  such 
rates  they  shall  take  in  consideration  the  cost  of  construction  and 
maintenance  of  the  works  by  which  the  water  is  supplied,  and  the 
rates  so  established  shall  be  such  as  will  yield  to  the  person,  com- 
pany, or  corporation  so  supplying  water  a  net  return  of  at  least  7 
per  cent  per  annum  upon  the  amount  invested  in  the  construction 
and  maintenance  of  such  works.  Such  rates  shall  be  fixed  in  the 
month  of  February  and  take  effect  on  the  first  day  of  July  there- 
after. Any  board  or  body  failing  to  fix  the  water  rates  where  nec- 
essary within  such  time,  shall  be  subject  to  peremptory  process  to 
compel  action  at  the  suit  of  any  party  interested,  and  shall  be  liable 
to  such  further  process  and  penalties  as  the  legislature  may  pre- 
scribe. Any  person,  company,  or  corporation  collecting  water  rates 
otherwise  than  as  so  established  shall  forfeit  the  franchise  of  such 
person,  company,  or  corporation,  to  the  city  and  county,  or  city, 
town,  or  irrigation  district  from  which  the  same  are  collected,  for 
the  public  use. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  '  513 

An  act  concerning  the  ownership  of  water  in  natural  streams  and 
providing  for  the  acquisition  thereof  by  appropriation  : 

Section  1.  The  water  of  every  natural  stream,  not  heretofore  ap- 
propriated, within  the  state  of  California,  is  hereby  declared  to  be 
the  property  of  the  public,  and  the.  same  is  dedicated  to  the  use  of 
the  people  of  the  state,  subject  to  appropriation  as  hereinafter  pro- 
vided. 

Sec,  2.  The  right  to  divert  unappropriated  waters  of  any  natural 
stream  to  beneficial  uses  shall  nevef  be  denied.  Prior  appropria- 
tion, whether  heretofore  or  hereafter  made,  to  any  such  use  shall  give 
the  better  right,  and  the  right  of  appropriation  shall  be  exercised 
under  such  regulations  as  the  legislature  has  heretofore  provided  or 
may  hereafter  prescribe,  and  the  English  common  law  of  riparian 
rights,  so  far  as  it  conflicts  with  this  or  the  preceding  section,  shall 
not  be  recognized  as  a  rule  of  decision  or  rule  of  property  in  any 
court  of  this  state. 

Sec.  3.  All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  which  conflict  in  any  way  with 
the  provisions  of  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 

The  convention  adjourned  sine  die,  on  the  conclusion  of  its  busi- 
ness, May  22d. 

The  republican  state  committee  met  in  San  Francisco,  April  27th, 
and  issued  a  call  for  the  state  convention  to  meet  at  Los  Angeles, 
August  25th,  to  consist  of  458  delegates,  the  test  of  voters  at  pri- 
maries being :  "  Did  you  vote  for  James  G.  Elaine,  or  would  you 
have  done  so  if  you  had  the  chance1?  Will  you  vote  the  republican 
ticket  at  the  next  election  ?"  On  the  appointed  day,  the  convention 
assembled  at  Armory  Hall,  Los  Angeles.  It  was  called  to  order  by 
A.  P.  Williams,  chairman  of  the  state  central  committee.  W.  H.  L. 
Barnes  was  unanimously  elected  temporary  chairman,  and  was  made 
permanent  chairman  on  final  organization. 

The  committee  on  platform  and  resolutions  consisted  of  G.  G. 
Blanchard,  J.  H.  G.  Weaver,  E.  A.  Davis,  Obed  Harvey,  R.  0. 
Gaskill,  L.  B.  Mizner,  J.  H.  Dickinson,  Henry  Edgerton,  J.  H. 
Barber,  Robert  Effey,  H.  V.  Morehouse,  H.  A.  Barclay,  A.  Bell, 
J.  E.  Hale,  and  0.  F.  McGlashan.  The  following  platform,  reported 
by  the  committee  on  the  26th,  was  unanimously  adopted  : 

The  republican  party  of  California,  in  convention  assembled,  re- 
affirms its  devotion  to  the  great  purposes  for  which  it  was  organized 


514       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

and  for  which  it  has  been  maintained.  It  has  preserved  free  govern- 
ment and  secured  to  all  the  inhabitants  of  these  United  States  the 
great  rights  which  lie  at  the  foundation  of  all  just  government — the 
right  to  life,  property,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness — and  its  mission 
will  not  be  fully  accomplished  until  the  laws  are  so  construed  and 
administered  that  an  invasion  of  these  inalienable  rights,  even 
against  the  humblest  person,  shall  become  impossible.  It  points 
with  pride  to  the  fact  that  it  has  engrafted  these  principles  upon 
the  national  constitution,  thereby  giving  to  every  one  the  protection 
which  the  power  of  60,000,000  of  freemen  affords.  Guided  by  a 
firm  faith  in  these  great  principles,  it  has  during  its  long  and  event- 
ful history,  done  nothing  for  which  it  has  to  apologize.  When  it 
took  the  government  from  the  democratic  party  it  found  a  country 
disturbed  by  dissensions ;  states  seceding  and  threatening  secession ; 
the  treasury  empty  and  the  public  credit  impaired ;  the  arsenals 
plundered  and  fortresses  invested ;  a  hostile  government,  whose 
foundation  was  human  slavery  fully  armed  in  our  midst ;  with  open 
foes  at  the  south  and  secret  enemies  at  the  north.  When  called 
upon  to  surrender  its  great  trust,  it  delivered  to  its  successors  a 
united  country,  a  free  people,  an  overflowing  treasury,  public  credit 
higher  than  that  of  any  other  nation  on  earth,  arsenals  and  the  gov- 
ernment works  intact,  the  flag  of  the  union  floating  in  peace  over  a 
great,  prosperous,  happy  nation,  commanding  the  admiration  and 
respect  of  mankind.  Reaffirming  the  principles  enunciated  in  the 
national  platform  adopted  at  Chicago  in  1884,  and  the  state  platform 
adopted  at  Sacramento  in  the  same  year,  in  so  far  as  now  applicable, 
the  republican  party  of  California  makes  the  following  additional 
declaration  of  principles  : 

1.  Labor  is  honorable,  and  the  labor  in  every  walk  of  life  should 
be  honored.  Upon  free,  intelligent  labor  and  its  wise  direction 
depends  the  prosperity  of  the  nation.  Everything  which  is  useful 
and  valuable  to  man  is  the  result  of  labor  in  some  form,  and  its 
careful  protection  should  be  the  first  consideration  of  the  statesman. 
The  value  ,of  labor  must  depend  on  its  producing  capacity,  and  this 
must  be  measured  by  the  intelligence  of  the  laborer.  The  liberal 
education  of  the  laborer,  therefore,  is  the  first  step  toward  the 
greatest,  the  wisest  and  the  most  profitable  development  of  the 
resources  of  the  country  and  the  elevation  of  its  workmen.  To  ac- 
complish this  the  public  school  system  should  be  preserved,  protected 
and  extended,  until  its  ennobling  influence  penetrates  to  every 
hearthstone  and  increases  the  usefulness  of  every  person.  The 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  515 

republican  party  declares  its  firm  belief  that  co-operation  among 
laborers  is  for  the  best  interest  of  society ;  that  while  capital  is 
entitled  to  all  safeguards  necessary  to  induce  its  generous  investment, 
and  while  assaults  upon  social  order  proceeding  from  persons  falsely 
representing  themselves  as  friends  of  labor  must  be  sternly  re- 
pressed, the  republican  party  will  never  sanction  any  legislation 
which  will  restrict  wage-earners  from  co-operating  and  organizing  for 
their  general  protection  and  advancement,  but,  on  the  contrary,  will 
enact  liberal  laws  fostering  and  encouraging  co-operation. 

2.  Mining  is  one  of  the  material  interests  of  this  state  and  coast, 
and  one  of  the  most  valuable  productions  is  silver.     This  industry, 
not  alone  because  of  the  worth  of  its  production,  but  also  because  of 
the  fact  that  it  affords  employment  to  many  thousands  of  people, 
and  because  of  the  fact  that  over  sixty  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the 
product  represents  the    wages    of   labor,   should  be   protected   and 
encouraged.     To  this  end  we  are  in  favor  of  free  coinage  of  silver, 
the  product  of  our  mines,  and  of  the  issuance  by  the  government  of 
silver    certificates.       We    denounce   the   policy    of    the  democratic 
national  administration,  which,  in  the  interest  of  the  few,  would 
deprive  the  people  of  silver  as  a  circulating  medium. 

3.  The  Chinese  cannot  and  will  not  assimilate  with  our  own  race. 
Their  peculiar  characteristics  are  utterly  incompatible  with  those  of 
our  own  people.     So  long  as  they  are  here  they  must  be  among  us, 
yet  apart  from  us.      Such  a  population  is  most  undesirable.      The 
republican  party  therefore  declares  that  their  coming  here  must  be 
stopped,  while  those  who  are  here  under  treaty  stipulation  must  be 
treated  humanely  and  receive  the  protection  of  law.     It  points  with 
just  pride  to  the  fact  that   the  republican  senate  of   the    United 
States,  by  unanimous  vote,  has  passed  a  bill  for  the  restriction  of 
Chinese  immigration,  and  denounces  the  action  of  the  democratic 
house  of  representatives  for  refusing  its  concurrence  in  a  measure 
universally  demanded  by  the  people  of  this  coast,  and  which  is  nec- 
essary for  the  protection  and  elevation  of  free  labor. 

4.  The  supreme  court  of  the  United  States  having  failed  to  deter- 
mine whether  or  not  the  method  of  taxing  railroad  corporations  as 
declared  by  our  state  constitution  is  in  conflict  with  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States,  we  are  without  an  authoritative  rule  which 
might   otherwise  relieve  the  question  of   its  present   embarrassing 
complications,  and  this  subject  requires  of  our  legislature  and  execu- 
tive most  careful  and  deliberate  action.     There  is  to  be  submitted  to 
the  people  at  the  ensuing  election  the  "Heath  amendment,"  so-called, 


516       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

relating  to  railroad  taxation.  Without  making  this  a  party  ques- 
tion, or  assuming  a  position  for  or  against  this  amendment,  yet  some 
remedy  for  existing  defects  in  the  law  must  be  provided  at  the  ear- 
liest moment  possible.  The  gravity  of  this  matter  puts  it  on  a 
plane  above  the  range  of  party  politics,  and  demands  the  serious 
attention  of  the  best  thinking  people  of  the  state.  In  this  respect, 
and  in  all  others,  we  favor  equal  and  just  taxation  for  the  maintenance 
of  the  government,  and  affirm  that  all  should  pay  a  full  share  of  the 
public  taxes  fairly  due  and  in  accordance  with  the  broad  principles 
of  equity. 

5.  One  of  the  most  important  questions  soon  to  be  considered  by  the 
people  of  California  is  the  proper  utilization  of  its  water  courses  for 
the  purpose  of  irrigation,  and  when  this  great  work  is  accomplished 
our  state  will  support  per  acre  a  greater  population  than  any  other 
state  in  the  union,  and  fertilize  and  fill  with  prosperity  vast  domains 
otherwise  dedicated  to  perpetual  barrenness.     The  republican  party 
approaches  this  great   question  with  a  careful  deliberation,  not  less 
grave  than  that  with  which  it  has  debated  and  happily  determined 
other  momentous  subjects,  in  the  confident  expectation  that,  if  en- 
trusted with  the  power  so  to  do,  it  will  enact  such  laws  as  will  secure 
and  receive  the  approval  of  the  people ;  and  it  here  affirms  as  fol- 
lows :     First — It  is   in  favor  of   the  immediate    passage  of  a  law 
declaring  that  henceforth  no  rights  to  water  shall  be  acquired  by 
appropriation  which  will  in  any  manner  obstruct  the  state  in  the 
control  thereof,  whenever  it  shall  see  proper  to  exercise  such  control. 
Second — It  is  in  favor  of  the  passage  of  laws  which  will  prevent  the 
monopolizing  of  the  waters  of  the  state  and  promote  the  utilization 
to  the  greatest  extent  possible.     Third— In  the  passage  of  any  laws 
upon  this  subject  individual   rights  must  be  protected  ;  but  if  those 
rights  are  found   to  interfere  with  effectuating  a  just  distribution  of 
water  and  its  utilization  by  the  people  upon  equal  terms,  then  such 
rights  should  be  condemned  and  taken  for  public  use,  under  the  same 
principles  upon  which  all  private  property  is  condemned  and  taken 
for  public  use,  upon  compensation  being  made  therefor. 

6.  We  denounce  the  present  state  administration  as  most  wasteful 
and  incompetent.     Its  weakness,  extravagance,  and  vacillating  policy 
has  brought  reproach  upon  the  fair  fame  of  California. 

7.  We  recognize  the  great  truth  that  110  government  can  be  repub- 
lican in  form  unless  the  three  departments — legislative,  judicial,  and 
executive— are   separate  and  independent,  the  one  from   the  other. 
We  declare  that  the  calling  of  an.  extra  session  of  the  legislature  for 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  517 

the  purpose  of  reversing  a  decision  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state 
has  no  parallel  in  the  history  of  this  country;  that  the  policy  which 
dictated  it  was  un-American  and  revolutionary,  and  that  no  words 
of  censure  can  adequately  characterize  this  attempt  to  destroy  the 
independence  of  a  co-ordinate  branch  of  the  government. 

8.  The  republican  party  submits  its  platform  and  its  candidates 
to  the  intelligence  and  the  patriotism  of  the  people,  and  invokes  to 
their  support  all,  without  regard  to  past  affiliation,  who  desire  just 
laws,  good  government,  peace,  and  ^security.  True  to  its  mission,  it 
will  bring  to  the  solution  of  the  important  subjects  involved,  broad, 
statesmanlike,  and  equitable  methods.  Born  to  protect  human  rights, 
it  never  can  be  brought,  by  any  argument  or  by  any  pressure,  to 
deprive  anyone  of  a  right,  however  small,  without  awarding  just 
compensation.  Upon  this  platform  of  principles  and  upon  its  past 
record  it  appeals  with  confidence  to  the  candid  judgment  of  an  intel- 
ligent people,  and  as  to  the  consequences,  is  willing  to  take  its 
chances  and  abide  its  destiny. 

On  the  26th  the  making  of  nominations  was  commenced.  For 
justices  of  the  supreme  court,  long  term,  A.  Van  R.  Paterson, 
Anson  Brunson,  L.  D.  Latimer,  T.  B.  McFarland  and  Noble  Hamil- 
ton were  placed  in  nomination.  Paterson  was  nominated  on  the 
first  ballot,  receiving  318  votes;  McFarland,  227;  Brunson,  194; 
Hamilton,  167;  Latimer,  8.  On  the  second  ballot  McFarland  was 
chosen  the  other  nominee  by  286  votes  to  102  for  Brunson  and  65 
for  Hamilton.  For  justice  for  the  short  term,  Noble  Hamilton, 
Anson  Brunson,  George  A.  Nourse  and  J.  B.  Southard  were  placed  in 
nomination.  Hamilton  was  nominated  on  the  first  ballot,  receiving 
249  votes  to  172  for  Brunson,  24  for  Nourse,  and  11  for  Southard. 

For  governor,  John  F.  Swift,  Chancellor  Hartson,  William  H. 
Dimond,  and  Charles  F.  Reed  were  placed  in  nomination.  On  the 
first  ballot  Swift  received  108  ;  Dimond,  153;  Reed,  84,  and  Hart- 
son,  108;  necessary  to  a  choice,  229.  After  taking  six  ballots 
without  making  a  choice,  the  convention  adjourned  until  the  next 
day.  The  balloting  was  continued  on  the  27th,  and  on  the  eighth 
ballot  Swift  was  nominated.  The  vote  stood  :  Swift,  325  ;  Dimond, 
74;  Reed,  20;  Hartson,  36.  The  other  nominations  were  : 

R.  W.  Waterman,  for  lieutenant  governor,  by  239^  votes  to  131J 
for  William  Johnston,  84  for  John  P.  Stearns,  and  1  for  George  E. 
Whitney. 


518       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Walter  S.  Moore,  for  secretary  of  state,  by  239  votes  to  91  for 
James  A.  Orr,  and  126  for  0.  W.  Craig. 

J.  E.  Denny,  for  controller,  by  268  votes  to  181  for  H.  L. 
Weston. 

Jacob  H.  Neff,  for  treasurer,  by  304  votes  to  80  for  John  Weil, 
38  for  William  Jackson  and  33  for  Charles  M.  Levy. 

W.  H.  H.  Hart,  for  attorney-general,  by  acclamation,  the  other  can- 
didates withdrawing  before  the  completion  of  the  roll  call  on  the 
first  ballot. 

Theodore  Reichert,  for  surveyor-general,  by  252  votes  to  90  for 
William  Minto,  35  for  Robert  Gardner,  and  52  for  C.  E.  Grunsky. 

Ira  G.  Hoitt,  for  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  by  263 
votes  to  187  for  S.  D.  Waterman. 

James  A.  Orr,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  by  acclamation, 

The  convention  adjourned  sine  die  at  midnight  on  the  27th. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  by  the  district  conventions  : 

For  representative  in  congress,  first  district,  Charles  A.  Garter ; 
second  district,  J.  C.  Campbell ;  third  district,  Joseph  McKenna ; 
fourth  district,  W.  W.  Morrow ;  fifth  district,  Charles  K  Felton ; 
sixth  district,  W.  Vandever. 

For  member  of  state  board  of  equalization,  first  district,  A.  C. 
Dithmar ;  second  district,  L.  C.  Morehouse ;  third  district,  John 
Beattie,  Jr. ;  fourth  district,  Mark  D.  Hamilton. 

For  railroad  commissioner,  first  district,  A.  Abbott ;  second  dis- 
trict, J.  M.  Litchfield;  third  district,  James  W.  Rea. 

The  democratic  state  central  committee  met  May  llth  and  issued 
the  call  for  the  convention  to  meet  in  San  Francisco,  August  3  let. 
The  convention  met  at  the  appointed  time  in  Odd  Fellows'  hall.  It 
was  called  to  order  by  W.  D.  English,  chairman  of  the  state  central 
committee.  N.  Greene  Curtis  and  Stephen  M.  White  were  nomi- 
nated for  the  position  of  temporary  chairman.  White  was  elected 
on  the  first  ballot  by  260  votes  to  224  for  Curtis. 

The  following  were  appointed  on  the  committee  on  platform  and 
resolutions  :  Barclay  Henley,  Dennis  Spencer,  R.  F.  Del  Valle,  N. 
Greene  Curtis,  M.  E.  C.  Munday,  A.  H.  Rose,  Henry  Mahler,  N. 
Martin,  J.  E.  McElrath,  E.  McGettigan,  A.  T.  Spotts,  Frank  Mc- 
Coppin,  Thomas  J.  Clunie,  N".  Bowden,  A.  Kearney,  and  B.  Grimes. 

On  permanently  organizing,  White  was  elected  chairman.  The 
allowing  platform  was  adopted  September  2d  : 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  519 

1.  That  with  becoming  pride  we  cordially  endorse  the  administra- 
tion of  President  Grover  Cleveland  for  the  honesty,  frugality,  and 
success  with  which  it  is  conducting  the  affairs  of  government,  carry- 
ing out  the  principles  of  democracy  in  administering  public  trusts 
and  keeping  faith  with  the  people.   A  respect  for  constitutional  law, 
the  protection  of  the  rights  of  our  fellow  citizens  at  home  and  abroad, 
a  desire  to  reform  the  unjust  inequalities  of  customs,  to  reduce  tax- 
ation to  limit  the  expenditures,  to  actual  necessities,  the  revival  of 
trade,  the    increase  of  commerce,  the    restoration  of  the  unearned 
public  lands  to  the   people's  heritage,   the  peace  that  happily  ex- 
tends throughout  our  whole  land,  and  the  extinction  of  sectional 
animosities,  are  the  salient  marks  which  signalize  the  restoration  of 
the  democratic  party  to  power  and  the  response  it  has  given  to  the 
trust  reposed  in  it.     We  commend   the  discrimination  which   the 
president  has  made  in  favor  of  the  honest  soldier,  and  call  attention 
to  the  fact,  that  while  he  has  vetoed  spurious  and  unworthy  claims, 
he  has  signed  more  pension  bills  than  any  of  his  predecessors. 

2.  This  convention  proudly  invites  attention  to  the  fact  that  the 
last  democratic  house  of  representatives  passed  bills  forfeiting  and 
restoring  to  the  public  domain  railway  land  grants  amounting  to 
over  75,000,000  of  acres,  and  also  the  further  fact  that  in  the  forty- 
eighth  congress  the  democratic  lower  house  passed  the  Regan  inter- 
state commerce  bill,  which  failed  of  passage  in  the  republican  senate; 
also,  that  in  the  last  session  of   congress  the  Regan  bill  was  again 
passed  by  the  democratic  lower  house. 

3.  That  this  convention  recommends  the  passage  of  an  act  of  con- 
gress providing  for  the  free  coinage  of  both  gold  and  silver,  by  the 
terms  of  which  act  all  gold  and  silver  bullion  offered  at  the  several 
mints  of  the  United  States  shall  be  received  in  exchange  for  money 
on  gold  or  silver  certificates  at  the  rate  now  fixed  by  law  for  stand- 
ard dollars  of  gold  or  silver,  which  certificates  shall  be  receivable  for 
all  public  purposes  and  interchangeable  for  gold  or  silver,  as  the  case 
may  be. 

4.  That  the  present  tariff  on  wool,  prepared  by  a  republican  com- 
mission, appointed  by  a  republican  president,  is  an  unjust  discrimi- 
nation against  a  great  industry,  and   we  denounce  the  same  and 
demand  the  restoration  of  the  tariff  of  1867.     That  in  view  of  the 
brilliant  future  that  awaits  California  in  the  development  of  its  wine 
interests,  we  most  heartily  favor  the  bills  now  pending  in  congress 
for  the  release  from  taxation  of  spirits  used  in  the  fortification  of 
sweet  wines  and  the  protection  of  our  wine  industries  from  the  in- 


520       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

jurious  effects  of  fraud  and  the  unrestricted  sale  of  spurious  wines. 
And  we  also  favor  legislation  providing  for  the  protection  of  the 
raisin  industry. 

5.  We  are  in  favor  of  liberal  wages  and  free  labor.     All  associa- 
tions formed  for  the  purpose  of  developing  intelligence,  promoting 
the  welfare  and  protecting  the  interests  of  the  laborer  and  mechanic, 
and  to  enable  them  successfully  to  contend  for  and  maintain  their 
rights  by  peaceful  and  efficient  means  against  powerful  and  oppres- 
sive combinations,  should  be  encouraged  and  expressly  sanctioned 
by  law.     We  regard  the  contract  convict  labor  system  as  detrimen- 
tal to  the  interests   of  free  labor   and  ruinous  to  certain  lines  of 
legitimate  business  with  which  it  comes  in  conflict.     We  commend 
the  present  state  administration  for  its  late  efforts  to  abolish  this 
system,  and  pledge  our  candidates,  if  elected,  to  do  all  within  their 
power  to  carry  out  the  spirit  of  the  constitution  upon  this  question. 
But  in  no  way  shall  this  be  construed  to  prohibit  the  manufacture 
of  grain  bags  and  jute  goods  within  the  walls  of  the  state  prison. 

6.  We  are  unalterably  opposed  to  Chinese  immigration,  and  de- 
mand  the  abrogation  of    the    Burlingame-Swift   treaty— a    treaty 
through  whose  loopholes   slave  labor  creeps  upon  our   shores.     We 
pledge  the  best  efforts  of  the  democratic  party  of  this  state  to  the 
enforcement  of  laws  which  shall  permanently  prohibit  and  prevent 
such  immigration.     We  regard  Chinese  labor  as  an  unmixed  evil. 
Therefore,  we  favor  legislation  providing  for  the  deportation  of  the 
Chinese  from   this   country,   and   their  exclusion  forever.     In  the 
meantime,   and   pending  proper   legislation  upon  this   subject,   the 
democratic  party  of  this  state,  as  a  friend  of  free  labor,  and  in  the 
interest  of  the  people,  recognizes  the   legal  right  of  any  citizen  to 
employ  whom  he  pleases,  yet  we  hold  that  it  is  the  right  and  duty 
of  the   people   of  this  state  to  withhold   their  patronage  from  the 
Chinese,  and  that   such  labor  should  not  be  resorted  to  when  any 
other  character  of  labor  is  available. 

7.  That  we  reaffirm  the  principle  contained  in  the  national  demo- 
cratic platform,  declaring  that  the  democratic  party  is  unalterably 
opposed  to  all  sumptuary  legislation. 

8.  We  condemn  the  great  railroad  companies  of  this  state  for 
their  defiance  of  the  state  power,  their  corrupt  practices  and  their 
persistent  refusal  to  contribute  their  just  and  lawful  proportion  of 
the  revenue.      The  contempt  and  disgrace  they  thus  throw  upon  free 
government  is  a  first   and   long  step  to  encourage  communism  and 
anarchy.     If  the  rich  may  with  impunity  defy  the  law,  upon  what 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  521 

principle,  in  a  government  which  is  based  upon  the  corner  stone  of 
equality,  shall  the  poor  be  compelled  to  yield  obedience  1  All  law 
abiding  citizens  should  unite  with  the  democracy  in  their  efforts  to 
>exact  from  these  powerful  corporations  observance  of  the  law  and 
an  honest  and  faithful  discharge  of  their  obligations  to  the  state  and 
its  inhabitants. 

9.  We  are  opposed  to  the  adoption  of  the  proposed  amendment  to 
the  constitution  of  this  state  commonly  known  as  the  "Heath  amend- 
ment."    Its  approval   by  the  people  would  be  in  accord  with  the 
wishes  of  the  non-taxpaying  monopolists  of  California.      Our  pres- 
ent system  of  railroad  taxation  should  not  be  abandoned  unless  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States  should  hold  it  to  be  invalid.    If 
the   "  Heath  amendment "   is  adopted,  the  railroad  corporations  will 
be  their  own  assessors,  and  will  contribute  toward  the  support  of 
government  such  sums  only  as,  according  to  their  own  chosen  phrase, 
"they  are  minded  to  pay."     An  examination  and  comparison  of  the 
official  returns  made  for  the  year  1885,  by  the  railroad  corporations 
to  the  state  board  of  equalization,  demonstrate  the  fact  that  under  the 
operation  of  the  "Heath  amendment"  the  state  and  counties  would 
lose  yearly  the  sum  of  $478,067.32.     The  county  committees  of  the 
counties  of  this  state  are  requested  to  print  their  tickets  against 
said  amendment. 

10.  No  free  people,  who  are  unable   to  defend,  can  long  maintain 
their  freedom.     We  therefore  advocate  the  proper  protection  of  our 
coasts  against  invasion,  and   the  creation  of  a  navy  and  forts  to  re- 
place  decayed  and  worthless  remnants  of  forts  and  ships  left  to  the 
country  by  the  republican  administration.    We  deem  a  good  national 
guard  necessary  to  the  safety  of  our  country  and  institutions.     We 
therefore  favor  a  liberal  treatment  of  our  citizen  soldiers  and  advo- 
cate measures  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  their  organization. 

11.  We  extend  our  sympathy  to  all  people  struggling  to  engraft 
upon  their  political  system  the  principles  of  individual  liberty  and 
self  government,  and  with  special  emphasis  do  we  extend  that  sym- 
pathy to  the  present  heroic  efforts  of  the  Irish  people. 

12.  That  the  democratic  party  recognizes  the  importance  of  the 
water  question  and  the  absolute  necessity  for  its  speedy  settlement, 
and  the  party  can  and  will  settle  it  on  a  basis  of  equal  and  exact 
justice  to  all  interests  involved.     Navigation  shall  not  be  impaired 
under  any  pretext.     No  class  of  individuals  shall  take,  injure,  or 
destroy  the  property  or  rights  of  any  other  class  except  under  the 
•operations    of    the    law  of   eminent    domain.     These    rights    being 


522       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

guarded  and  protected,  the  waters  of  the  state  are  the  property  of 
the  people  of  the  state,  to  be  used  for  irrigation,  mining,  manufac- 
turing, and  other  useful  purposes.  Appropriation  of  water,  whether 
heretofore  or  hereafter  made,  should  give  no  right  to  more  water 
than  is  absolutely  used  in  an  economical  manner  for  a  beneficial  pur- 
pose. To  guard  against  a  monopoly  of  water  for  irrigation,  irriga- 
tion districts  should  have  the  right  to  acquire  by  purchase  or  con- 
demnation the  means  necessary  in  conducting  the  water  to  the  lands 
comprising  such  irrigation  districts.  The  English  law  of  riparian 
rights  is  inapplicable  to  the  circumstances  and  conditions  of  Cali- 
fornia. The  state  may  at  any  time  assume  control  of  the  diversion, 
use  and  distribution  of  water  under  general  laws  enacted  for  that 
purpose;  provided,  the  state  shall  in  no  event  be  called  upon  by 
taxation,  or  otherwise,  to  construct  irrigation  works. 

13.  Believing  in  the  fullest  representation   by  the  people  in   all 
political  assemblies,  we  ask   this  convention  to  declare  for  the  pri- 
mary system  of  selecting  delegates  to  all  conventions  of  the  demo- 
cratic party  in  this  state,  and  against  the  practice  of  county  com- 
mittees naming  representatives  thereto ;  and,  further,  that  it  is  the 
duty  of  every  county  committee  to  carry  out  the  work  and  policy  of 
the  convention  which  creates  it ;  that  the  functions  of  every  such 
committee  should,  therefore,  be  limited  to  such  work,  and  that  its 
tenure  of  office  should  expire  at  the  moment  every  new  county  con- 
vention assembles. 

14.  That  our  public  schools  will  always  have  the  fostering  care  of 
the   democratic   party  of    California.     We    demand  for   them    the 
utmost  efficiency,  and  a  liberal  expenditure,  with  no  limit  so  long  as 
honesty,  economy,  and  business  method  cover  all  their  works.     The 
education  of  the  children  is  the  best  guarantee  of  republican  liberty. 

15.  That  mining  is  one  of  the  great  and  beneficial  industries  of 
this  state ;  therefore,  it  is  the  duty  of   the  government  to  devise 
some  way  for  mining  to  be  continued  without  injury  to  any  other 
industry. 

The  fifth  resolution  in  its  original  form  occasioned  considerable 
discussion,  and  it  was  amended  by  adding  the  words  "But  in  no  way 
shall  this  be  construed  to  prohibit  the  manufacture  of  grain  bags 
and  jute  goods  within  the  walls  of  the  state  prison."  The  platform 
adopted  was  as  reported  by  the  committee,  with  the  exception  of  the 
preceding  sentences,  and  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  resolutions, 
which  were  added  in  convention. 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered  by  D.  S.  Terry,  on  September 
4th,  and  adopted  : 

That  we  demand  the  enactment  of  a  law  whereby  supplies  fur- 
nished  to  all  asylums,  prisons,  hospitals,  almshouses,  and  other 
institutions  under  the  control  of  the  state,  or  of  counties,  cities,  and 
towns  of  the  state,  shall  be  the  product  of  white  labor  only;  and  we 
pledge  that  the  same  shall  be  made  the  law  of  the  state  when  the 
democracy  shall  have  control  of  the  legislature. 

The  following,  offered  by  G.  W.  Jeffries,  was  also  adopted  : 

That  the  democratic  party  of  the  state  of  California  demands  the 
removal  of  every  republican  now  in  office  by  appointment,  except 
those  holding  under  civil  service  rules,  and  that  democrats  be  ap- 
pointed to  their  places. 

On  September  1st,  nominations  were  made  for  the  office  of  jus- 
tice of  the  supreme  court.  Jackson  Temple  was  nominated  by  ac- 
clamation for  the  short  term,  to  succeed  Judge  Ross.  For  the  long 
term,  J.  F,  Sullivan,  Byron  Waters,  Niles  Searls,  J.  M.  Corcoran, 
and  J.  W.  Armstrong  were  placed  in  nomination.  Before  votes 
were  changed,  the  roll-call  on  the  first  ballot  showed  250  for  Sulli- 
van, 50  for  Waters,  53  for  Searls,  28  for  Corcoran  and  100  for  Arm- 
strong. Sullivan  was  therefore  declared  nominated.  S.  B.  McKee 
was  then  also  placed  in  nomination  and  a  ballot  taken  for  the  second 
nominee  for  the  long  term.  On  this  second  ballot  McKee  received 
116  votes,  Searls  100,  Armstrong  105,  Waters  127,  and  Corcoran 
34.  There  was  no  choice  and  an  adjournment  was  taken  until  the 
following  day.  On  the  first  ballot  taken  September  2nd.  Waters 
was  nominated  by  279  votes,  to  107  for  McKee  and  106  for  Searls, 
Armstrong  and  Corcoran  having  been  withdrawn. 

For  governor,  A.  J.  Bryant,  Patrick  Reddy,  Washington  Bartlett, 
C.  P.  Berry,  and  M.  F.  Tarpey  were  placed  in  nomination.  Bryant 
and  Reddy  were  withdrawn  after  the  first  ballot,  and  on  the  second 
ballot  Bartlett  was  nominated,  receiving  315  votes,  to  135  for 
Berry  and  46  for  Tarpey. 

The  other  nominations  were: 

M.  F.  Tarpey,  for  lieutenant  governor,  without  opposition,  his 
opponent,  C.  P.  Berry  withdrawing  before  the  completion  of  the  first 
roll-call. 

Adam  Herold  for  treasurer,  over  D.  J.  Oullahan  and  Jefferson  G. 
James. 


524       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

W.  C.  Hendricks  for  secretary  of  state,  by  acclamation,  his  oppon- 
ent, G.  W.  Peckhani,  being  withdrawn. 

John  P.  Dunn  for  controller,  without  opposition. 

G.  A.  Johnson  for  attorney  -general,  over  John  T.  Carey,  W.  D. 
Orady,  and  Edward  Swinford. 

A.  J.  Moulder  for  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  by  acclama- 
'  tion. 

E.  0.  Miller  for  surveyor-general,  over  Franklin  P.  McCray. 

J.  D.  Spencer  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  by  acclamation. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  by  the  district  conventions: 

Members  of  board  of  equalization:  First  district,  Gordon  E. 
Sloss;  second  district,  C.  H.  Randall;  third  district,  0.  E.  Wil- 
<;oxon;  fourth  district,  John  T.  Gaffey. 

Railroad  commissioners:  First  district,  Joseph  A.  Filcher;  second 
district,  Patrick  J.  White  ;  third  district,  William  W.  Foote. 

For  congress:  First  district,  Thomas  L.  Thompson;  second  dis- 
trict, Marion  Biggs  ;  third  district,  Henry  0.  McPike  ;  fourth  dis- 
trict; Frank  McCoppin;  fifth  district,  Frank  J.  Sullivan;  sixth  dis- 
trict, Joseph  D.  Lynch. 

After  selecting  a  state  central  committee,  the  convention  adjourned 
die,  Saturday,  September  4th. 


A  call  for  a  conference  of  farmers  was  issued  by  Eden  Grange, 
March  27th.  It  was  proposed  to  consider  the  best  means  to  remedy 
the  grievances  of  agricultural  and  other  industrial  classes,  and 
to  arrange  for  placing  a  ticket  before  the  people  for  congressional, 
legislative,  and  county  officers.  The  conference  was  held  in  Gran- 
ger's hall,  Sacramento,  April  8th  and  9th.  Fifty-one  delegates, 
from  some  eleven  counties  were  reported  entitled  to  seats.  W.  0. 
Blackwood  was  elected  temporary,  and  later,  permanent  chairman. 
It  was  resolved  to  organize,  if  necessary,  an  independent  farmers' 
and  producers'  political  party.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  pre- 

pare an  address  to  the  farmers  and  manufacturers  of  the  state.  The 
address  which  was  reported  and  adopted  urged  the  taxpayers  to  take 
an  active  part  in  the  precinct  primaries  in  order  to  secure  the 
nomination  of  candidates  who  would  use  their  best  endeavors  to  re- 
duce public  expenditures,  and  thereby  reduce  taxation.  The  follow- 
ing resolution,  offered  by  C.  A.  Hull,  was  adopted: 

That  it  is  the  desire  of  this  conference  that  the  different  granges 
of  the  state  of  California  invite  the  farmers  of  their  respective 
localities  to  assemble  in  mass  meeting  at  their  different  halls,  on  the 


FARMERS^   CONFERENCE.  525 

last  Saturday  in  June,  to  then  and  there  determine  if  they  shall  in- 
struct the  committee  here  appointed  by  this  conference  to  call  a 
convention;  and  it  is  further  the  sense  of  this  conference  that  if 
they  determine  to  call  a  convention,  that  it  be  called  before  any  of 
the  party  conventions. 

The  conference  adjourned  April  9th.  On  September  15th,  in  re- 
sponse to  a  call  from  Eden  and  Temescal  granges  some  seventy-five 
delegates,  representing  sixteen  granges  assembled  at  Granger's  hallr 
Sacramento,  many  of  the  delegates  being  the  same  that  were  in  at- 
tendance at  the  conference  held  in  April.  W.  C.  Black  wood  was 
elected  chairman.  A  committee  on  resolutions  was  appointed  and  it 
submitted  the  following,  which  were  adopted: 

1.  We  favor  an  amendment  of  the  constitution  providing  for  the 
election  of  United  States  senators  by  a  direct  vote  of  the  people. 

2.  We  favor  the  free  coinage  of  gold  and  silver,  the  abolition  of 
national  banks,  the  issuance  by  the  government  of  its  own  money, 
which  shall  be  legal  tender  for  all  debts.     That  the  bonds  of  the 
government  be  paid  as  fast  as  under  the  law  may  be  possible,  and 
that  the  government  issue  no  more  bonds. 

3.  We  recognize  the  vast  importance  of  a  system  of  irrigation 
for  the  state  of  California,  and  that  the  ownership  of  water  shall  be 
inalienably  vested  in  the  state,  and  shall  be  administered  and  distrib- 
uted by  the  state,  dividing  the  state  into  districts  by  natural  water 
sheds    or   catchments,    the    expense   to  be  borne    by    the    districts 
irrigated. 

4.  We  are  in  favor  of  a  stringent  law  to  punish  adulterations  of 
food,    drinks,  and  medicines,    and   the    use   of  short   weights   and 
measures. 

5.  We  are  opposed  to  the  "Heath  amendment,"  which  will  appear 
on  our  ballots  as  "against  constitutional  amendment  No.  1." 

6.  We  are  opposed  to  any  increase  of  our  standing  army  in  time 
of  peace. 

7.  We  denounce  any  movement  looking  toward  any  increase  of 
appropriation  of  state  money  for  maintaining  a  state  militia. 

8.  We  favor  the  abrogation  of  the  Burlingame  treaty  and  the  ex- 
clusion of  Chinese  by  all  lawful  means. 

9.  In  furtherance  of  these  ends,  we  ask  the  co-operation  of  all 
fair-minded  people.       We  wage    no    war  against  classes,  but  only 
against     vicious    institutions.        We    are    not    content    to    endure 
further  discipline  of  our  present  rulers,  who,  having  dominion  over 
money,  over  transportation,  over  the  press  and  the  machinery  of  the 


526      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

government,  wield  unwarranted  power  over  our   free    institutions, 
and  our  lives,  liberty,  and  property. 

10.  The  transportation  question  being  of  the  greatest  importance 
to  the  farmers  and  manufacturers,  and  especially  in  our  low-priced 
staple,  wheat,  we  are  in  favor  of  the  Eads  ship  railway. 

11.  That   the   fees,    salaries,    and  emoluments  of  county  officers 
should  be  reduced  commensurately   with  the  salaries  paid  for  like 
services  in  private  business. 

12.  That  woman  shall  be  placed  on  an  equality  with  man  in  cleri- 
cal employment  in  official  positions. 

Joel  Russell  was  nominated  for  governor ;  J.  V.  Webster  for 
lieutenant-governor ;  A.  L.  Hart  for  attorney-general ;  Jackson 
Temple  and  Jeremiah  F.  Sullivan  for  justices  of  the  supreme  court ; 
H.  S.  Graves  for  state  treasurer ;  Ira  G.  Hoitt  for  superintendent  of 
public  instruction ;  John  P.  Dunn  for  controller ;  J.  D.  Spencer  for 
clerk  of  the  supreme  court.  For  congress,  George  Ohleyer  was  nomi- 
nated from  the  second  district,  and  W.  W.  Smith  from  the  third. 
0.  E.  Wilcoxon  was  nominated  for  member  of  the  state  board  of 
equalization;  and  W.  W.  Foote  and  J.  A.  Filcher  for  railroad 
commissioners. 

The  remaining  positions  on  the  state  ticket  were  to  be  filled  by 
the  state  central  committee,  which  was  then  appointed.  This  com- 
mittee organized  by  electing  W.  0.  Blackwood,  chairman ;  S.  T. 
Sanders,  secretary;  and  A.  T.  Dewey,  treasurer.  It  was  decided  to 
call  the  meeting  the  "farmers'  convention."  It  adjourned  sine  die, 
September  16th. 

The  united  labor  party  convention  met  in  San  Francisco,  Septem- 
ber 24-28th.  A.  E.  Redstone  presided,  and  John  0.  Green  acted 
as  secretary.  A  platform  was  adopted  urging  united  action  on  the 
part  of  the  knights  of  labor,  farmers,  trades'  unions,  greenbackers, 
and  all  friends  of  united  labor ;  recommending  government  owner- 
ship of  railway,  telegraph,  and  telephone  lines ;  limitation  by  taxa- 
tion on  the  accumulation  of  wealth ;  election  of  United  States  sena- 
tors by  the  people ;  free  coinage  of  gold  and  silver ;  abolition  of 
national  banks,  etc.  A  state  ticket  was  nominated,  headed  by  G.  F. 
McGlashan  for  governor,  and  Horace  Bell  for  lieutenant-governor. 

The  state  convention  of  the  American  party  met  at  Fresno,  Sep- 
tember 28th,  in  response  to  the  following  call : 


CONVENTION  OF  AMERICAN  PARTY.  527 

Believing  that  the  time  has  come  when  it  is  necessary  that  the  < 
people  of  these  United  States  of  America  should  take  full  charge 
and  control  of  their  government,  to  the  exclusion  of  the  restless 
revolutionary  horde  of  foreigners  who  are  now  seeking  our  shores 
from  every  part  of  the  world ;  and  recognizing  that  the  first  and 
most  important  duty  of  an  American  is  to  perpetuate  this  govern- 
ment in  all  attainable  purity  and  strength ;  we,  citizens  of  these 
United  States,  do  make  the  following  declaration  : 

1.  That  all  law-abiding  citizens  of  these  United  States,  be  they 
native    or   foreign    born,  are  political   equals,  and  all  citizens  are 
equally  entitled  to  the  protection  of  our  laws. 

2.  That  the  naturalization  laws  of  the  United  States  should  be  ' 
unconditionally  repealed. 

3.  That  the  soil  of  America  should  belong  to  Americans,  and  that 
no  alien,  resident  or  non-resident,  should  ever  be  permitted  to  own 
real  estate. 

4.  That  no  person,  not  in  sympathy  with  our  government  and  the 
principles  upon  which  it  is  founded,  should  ever  be  permitted  to  im- 
migrate to  these  United  States. 

Whereas,  The  above  declaration  of  principles  was  adopted  by  the 
mass  of  citizens  assembled  at  a  meeting  called  for  that  purpose,  and 
held  at  Fresno  city,  Cal.,  May  27th ;  and  whereas,  at  that  meeting 
the  two  great  parties  of  the  Country  were  urged  and  requested  to 
incorporate  said  principles  and  doctrines  into  their  respective  plat- 
forms ;  and  whereas,  said  parties  have,  in  convention  assembled, 
ignored  said  principles  and  doctrines,  and  have  refused  to  incorporate 
them  into  their,  or  either  of  their  platforms,  thereby  repudiating 
the  best  interests,  wishes  and  rights  of  the  American  voter  and 
property-owner  ;  now,  then,  be  it  resolved, 

1.  That   a   state  convention  of  the  American  party  assemble  at 
Fresno  city,  on  Tuesday,  September  28th,  at  two  o'clock  p.  M.,  for 
the  purpose  of  adopting  a  platform  and  nominating  a  full  ticket  to 
contest  the  right,  at  the  coming  election,  of  holding  the  various  state 
.and  federal  offices  for  the  next  ensuing  term. 

2.  All  persons  from  all  parts  of  the  state  who  endorse  the  above 
principles  and  doctrines  are  cordially  and    earnestly  requested  to 
attend  said  convention  and  participate  in  its  labors. 

By  order  of  the  executive  committee. 

THOMAS  E.  HUGHES,  President. 
E.  F.  SELLBECK,  Secretary. 


528       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Delegates  representing  eight  counties  were  present.  The  follow- 
ing resolutions  were  adopted,  which  later  were  embodied  in  a  plat- 
form adopted  by  the  state  central  committee  : 

1.  We  reiterate  the  doctrine  promulgated  by  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  American  party. 

^  2.  Believing  that  Americans  should  rule  America,  we  favor  the 
education  of  American  youths,  boys  and  girls,  as  artisans  and 
mechanics,  to  fill  the  places  of  foreigners,  who  now  have  nearly  the 
exclusive  control  of  all  the  great  industries  of  our  country,  save 
agriculture  alone. 

-?  3.  Bossism  in  politics  is  the  outgrowth  of  foreign  influence.  We 
condemn  it  and  declare  that  the  American  party  has  not  and  shall 
not  have  bosses. 

4.  The  waters  of  the  state  belong  to  the  lands  they  will  irrigate, 
and  we  favor  a  broad  and  comprehensive  system   of  irrigation  that 
looks  to   the   benefit  of  the  irrigator  to  the  exclusion  of  so-called 
rights  of  riparian    and    appropriator ;  a  system    controlled    by  the 
government,  free  to  all,  under  the  control  of  no  class  of  persons,  and 
established  and  maintained  by  a  revenue  derived  from  those  only 
whom  the  system  will  benefit. 

5.  We  believe  in  equal  taxation,  and  to  accomplish  that  desirable 
reform  we  favor  the  reduction  of  taxes  on  the  real  estate  of  the  culti- 
vator  of  the    soil   and    the    laying    of  additional    burdens    on   the 
luxuries. 

>  6.  We  would  foster  and  encourage  American  industries  and  to  that 
/  end  would  protect  home  productions  and  manufactures  and  inaugur- 
ate and  maintain  a  system  that  would  not  only  exclude  the  cheap- 
labor  productions  of  other  countries  but  would  also  exclude  the  cheap 
laborers  of  all  other  countries  and  prevent  their  coming  here  to 
compete  with  Americans. 

7.  We  believe  that  American  free  schools  are  indispensable  sup- 
ports to  liberty;  that  reason  and  experience  both  teach  us  that 
national  existence  depends  on  the  influence  of  liberal  and  refined 
education. 

The  platform  as  adopted  by  the  state  central  committee  was  as 
follows: 

Believing  that  the  time  has  arrived  when  a  due  regard  for  the  pres- 
ent and  future  prosperity  of  our  country  makes  it  imperative  that 
the  people  of  the  United  States  of  America  should  take  full  and 
entire  control  of  their  government,  to  the  exclusion  of  the  revolu- 


CONVENTION  OF  AMERICAN  PARTY.  529 

tionary  and  incendiary  horde  of  foreigners  now  seeking  our  shores    C. 
from  every  quarter  of  the  world  ;  and  recognizing  that  the  first  and 
most    important  duty  of  an  American  citizen  is  to  maintain   this 
government  in  all  attainable  purity  and  strength,  we,  as  such  citi- 
zens, do  make  the  following  declaration  of  principles: 

1.  That  all  law-abiding  citizens  of  these  United  States,  whether  , 
native  or  foreign-born,  are  political  equals,  and  all  citizens  are  enti- 
tled to  and  should  receive  the  full  protection  of  the  laws. 

2.  That  the  naturalization  laws  of ,  the  United  States  should  be  e— 
unconditionally  repealed. 

3.  That  the  soil  of  America  should   belong  to  Americans;  that  L 
no  alien  non-resident  should  be  permitted  to  own  real  estate  in  the 
United  States,  and  that  the  real  estate  possessions  of  the  resident 
alien  shall  be  limited  in  value  and  area. 

4.  That  all  persons  not  in  sympathy  with  our  government  should 
be  prohibited  from  immigrating  to  these  United  States. 

5.  That  we  unqualifiedly  favor,  and  we  ask  all  who  believe  that  , 
Americans  should  rule  America  to  assist  in  educating  the  boys  and 
girls  of  American  citizens  as  mechanics  and  artisans,  thus  fitting 
them  to  fill  the  places  now  filled  by  foreigners,    who   supply    the 
skilled  labor  and  thereby  almost  entirely  control  all  the  great  indus- 
tries of  our  country,  save,  perhaps,  that  of  agriculture  alone. 

6.  That  we  believe  bossism  in  politics    to  be  an   outgrowth    of 
foreign  influence.     We  condemn  it  as  un-American  and  tending  to  a 
corruption  of  the  ballot-box.     We  declare  that  the  American  party 
has  not  and  shall  not  have  bosses. 

7.  That  the  waters  of  the  state  belong  to  the  lands  they  will  irri- 
gate, and  we  favor  and  will  aid  in  maintaining  a  broad  and  compre- 
hensive system  of  irrigation  that  looks  to  the  benefit  of  the  irrigator 
as  primary  to  the  assumed  rights  of  the  riparian  and  the  appropria- 
tor;  a  system  controlled  by  the  government,   free  to  all,  under  the 
control  of  no  class  of  persons,  and  established  and  maintained  by  a 
revenue  derived  from  those  whom  the  system  will  benefit.     We  be- 
lieve the  water  is  the  property  of  the  people,  and  that  it  should  be 
so  used  as  to  secure  the  greatest  good  to  the  greatest  number. 

8.  That  we  believe  in  equal  and  just  taxation,  and  to  accomplish 
this  necessary  reform  we  favor  a  uniform  reduction  of  taxes  on  the 
real   estate  of   the    cultivator   of    the    soil,    and   the    imposing   of 
advanced  rates  on  property  coming  under  the  head  of  luxuries. 

9.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  fostering  and  encouraging  American  ^ 

34 


530      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

industries  of  every  class  and  kind,  and  to  that  end  would  protect  our 
home  productions  and  manufactures,  and  inaugurate  and  maintain 
a  system  that  will  not  only  exclude  the  cheap  labor  productions  of 
other  countries,  but  will  also  exclude  the  cheap  laborers  of  all  other 
countries,  and  prevent  their  coming  here  to  compete  with  American 
workingmen. 

10.  That  we  believe  the  American  free  school  system  the  guaran- 
tee of  human  liberty,  and  that  the  teachings  of  reason  and  the  les- 
sons of  experience  lead  to  the  conviction  that  national  existence 
depends  on  the  influence  of  universal  education. 

The  convention  nominated  an  incomplete  ticket  and  appointed  a 
committee  of  seven,  with  authority  to  increase  its  members  to 
twenty-five,  to  manage  the  affairs  of  the  party. 

John  F.  Swift,  the  republican  candidate,  was  nominated  for  gov- 
ernor, but  he  declined  the  nomination  in  the  following  letter  : 

FRANK  M.  PIXLEY,  ESQ.,  Editor  Argonaut: 

DEAR  SIR  :  I  observed  in  this  morning's  issue  of  the  Argonaut  that 
twelve  gentlemen,  whose  names  are  not  given,  have  done  me  the 
honor  to  nominate  me  for  governor  upon  what  is  printed  in  the  paper 
as  an  "American  ticket,"  with  my  name  at  the  head.  The  supposed 
views  of  the  twelve  gentlemen  are  set  forth  in  the  same  issue  of  your 
journal,  and  coincide  substantially  with  the  opinions  which  have  been 
urged  by  the  Argonaut  for  some  years  past.  I  do  not  agree  with 
those  views.  I  can  easily  understand  how  you,  in  your  kind  feeling 
toward  me  personally,  based  upon  our  long-standing  friendly  rela- 
tions, should  be  willing  to  vote  for  me,  even  though  conscious,  as  I 
know  you  to  be,  that  I  do  not  agree  with  the  Argonaut  in  its  atti- 
tude toward  Roman  Catholics  and  foreign-born  citizens. 

But  I  can  not  so  easily  understand  why  the  twelve  gentlemen  you 
refer  to  should  also  desire  to  confer  this  unsolicited  and  undesired 
honor  upon  me.  But  I  am  not  sorry  they  have  done  so,  for  it  gives 
me  an  opportunity  of  expressing  my  opinions  upon  the  questions 
raised  by  your  article. 

I  have  never  in  my  life,  either  in  public  or  private,  expressed  or 
entertained  any  such  views  as  are  contained  in  the  article  suggesting 
my  name,  and  which  the  twelve  gentlemen  are  understood  to  agree 
with. 

>  I  have  never  made  or  felt  any  distinction  between  men  of  our 
/race,  citizens  or  not  citizens,  on  account  of  their  nationality  or  re- 
ligion, and  I  never  shall. 


CONVENTION  OF  AMERICAN  PARTY.  531 

I  believe  that  the  policy  adopted  in  the  early  days  of  the  republic, 
of  extending  the  right  of  citizenship  to  all  Europeans,  in  order  to 
encourage  their  coming  hither,  was  a  wise  policy,  and  I  would  not 
change  it  if  I  had  the  power.  And  I  think,  further,  that  even  if 
the  policy  as  an  original  question  was  of  doubtful  advantage,  it  is  in 
my  opinion  in  the  highest  degree  unjust,  and  unwise  because  unjust, 
to  agitate  the  matter  over  again  after  millions  of  good  men  and  excel- 
lent citizens  have  accepted  the  invitation  and  acted  upon  it. 

I  believe  that  Roman  Catholics  are  as  loyal  to  republican  institu- 
tions and  to  the  United  States  as  protestant  Christians  or  people  of 
any  other  faith.  And  I  believe  that  they,  whether  born  in  the 
United  States  or  in  foreign  lands,  if  citizens,  ought  to  enjoy  pre- 
cisely the  same  right  as  to  holding  office,  and  all  other  rights  of 
citizenship  under  the  constitution  and  laws,  with  myself  or  any 
other  native-born  citizen. 

Such  being  my  views,  as  you  know — I  may  say  almost  better  than 
anybody,  for  I  have  so  often  told  you  so — I  take  it  for  granted  the 
twelve  gentlemen  will  not  want  me  longer  at  the  head  of  their  ticket, 
but  will  promptly  take  me  down. 

But  whatever  may  be  their  wishes  on  that  subject,  I  beg  that  you 
will  see  that  my  name  is  taken  down,  and  not  again  printed  in  that 
connection. 

I  am,  dear  sir,  very  truly  and  sincerely,  your  friend, 

JOHN  F.  SWIFT. 

824  Valencia  street,  San  Francisco,  September  18,  1886. 

The  name  of  Swift  was  accordingly  withdrawn,  and  the  nomination 
given  to  P.  D.  Wigginton. 

The  other  nominations  were  as  follows  :  Frank  M.  Pixley  for 
lieutenant-governor;  C.  N.  Wilson  for  secretary  of  state;  J.  E. 
Denny  for  controller;  George  T.  White  for  treasurer;  Alfred  A. 
Daggett  for  attorney-general ;  Ira  G.  Hoitt  for  superintendent  of 
public  instruction;  Theodore  Reichert  for  surveyor-general;  Samuel 
Frew  for  clerk  of  supreme  court.  F.  M.  Pixley  declined,  and  R.  W. 
Waterman  was  substituted  as  the  nominee  for  lieutenant-governor. 
The  completed  ticket  as  prepared  by  the  state  central  committee,  in- 
cluded the  foregoing  and  Jackson  Temple,  A.  Van  R.  Paterson,  and 
Thomas  B.  McFarland  for  justices  of  the  supreme  court;  for  railroad 
commissioners,  Henry  Wilson  from  first  district,  J.  M.  Litchfield 
from  second  district,  and  James  W.  Rea  from  third  district;  for 
congress,  Charles  A.  Garter  from  first  district,  W.  0.  Clark  from 


532       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

second  district,  H.  C.  McPike  from  third  district,  W.  W.  Morrow  from 
fourth  district,  Charles  K  Felton  from  fifth  district,  and  William 
Vandever  from  sixth  district ;  for  members  of  the  state  board  of 
equalization,  J.  S.  Reynolds  from  first  district,  C.  H.  Randall  from 
second  district,  Thomas  Bair,  from  third  district  and  John  T.  Gaffey 
from  fourth  district. 

The  state  central  committee  was  composed  of  F.  G.  Berry,  W.  L. 
Dickinson,  S.  Hannon,  George  M.  McLane,  J.  R.  White,  E.  B. 
Churchill,  N.  M.  Orr,  W.  J.  Hunt,  P.  E.  Platt,  James  McNeal,  John 
F.  Taylor,  J.  M.  Bassett,  Jubal  Clark,  W.  A.  Caswell,  Moses  Rogers, 
F.  M.  Pixley,  George  W.  Grayson,  E.  M.  Freeman,  Wm.  Irelan,  Sr., 
Robert  Ash,  J.  F.  Chapman,  C.  W.  Weston,  0.  B.  Culver,  P. 
Yeasey,  W.  B.  Collier,  J.  B.  Whitney,  James  Durham,  W.  M. 
Hanks,  and  James  B.  Havner. 

The  state  election  was  held  November  2d,  and  resulted  in  the 
election  of  the  democratic  candidates  for  governor,  secretary  of  state, 
controller,  treasurer,  attorney -general,  clerk  of  the  supreme  court, 
associate  justice  for  the  unexpired  term,  a  railroad  commissioner, 
three  members  of  the  state  board  of  equalization,  and  two  congress- 
men; while  on  the  republican  ticket  were  elected  the  candidates  for 
lieutenant-governor,  surveyor-general,  superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction, two  associate  justices,  two  railroad  commissioners,  one 
member  of  the  state  board  of  equalization  and  four  congressmen. 
By  the  death  of  Bartlett,  September  12th,  1887,  Lieutenant-governor 
Waterman  became  governor.  The  official  returns  were  as  follows: 

For  governor— Washington  Bartlett,  84,970;  John  F.  Swift,  84,- 
316;  Joel  Russell,  6,432;  P.  D.  Wigginton,  7,347;  C.  C.  O'Don- 
nell,  12,227. 

For  lieutenant-governor— R.  W.  Waterman,  94,969;  M.  F.  Tar- 
pey,  92,476;  A.  D.  Boren.  5,836;  Horace  Bell,  1,658. 

For  secretary  of  state— William  C.  Hendricks,  93,481;  Walter 
S.  Moore,  87,647;  Frank  E.  Kellogg,  4,498;  C.  N.  Wilson,  5,940. 

For  controller— John  P.  Dunn,  95,469;  J.  E.  Denny,  94,833; 
J.  A.  Fairbanks,  4,921. 

For  treasurer— Adam  Herold,  91,572;  J.  H.  Neff,  90,963;  H.  S. 
Graves,  5,822;  George  T.  White,  5,717. 

For  attorney-general — George  A.  Johnson,  93,102;  W.  H.  H. 
Hart,  91,716;  George  Babcock,  5,146;  Alfred  Daggett,  5,533. 

For  surveyor-general — Theodore  Reichert,  98,240;  E.  0.  Miller, 
91,398;  George  B.  Tolman,  5,976. 


RESULT  OF  ELECTION.  533 

For  clerk  of  the  supreme  court — J.  D.  Spencer,  92,589;  James  A. 
Orr,  90,705;  Julius  Lyons,  5,258;  Samuel  Frew,  3,554;  Samuel  True 
(wrongly  printed),  1,594. 

For  superintendent  of  public  instruction — Ira  G.  Hoitt,  94,448; 
Andrew  J.  Moulder,  94,250;  L>.  A.  Mobley,  3,868. 

For  associate  justices  of  supreme  court,  full  term — A.  Van  R. 
Paterson,  101,685;  T.  B.  McFarland,  96,884;  Jeremiah  F.  Sullivan, 
92,741;  Byron  Waters,  90,853;  Wm.  C.  Murphy,  5,292.  Unexpired 
term— Jackson  Temple,  108,645;  Noble  Hamilton,  83,837. 

For  railroad  commissioner,  first  district — A.  Abbott,  35,069;  J.  A. 
Filcher,  33,804;  Henry  Wilson,  520;  W.  C.  Damon,  155;  C.  Bate- 
man,  588.  Second  district— P.  J.  White,  23,120;  J.  M.  Litchfield, 
22,858;  John  0.  Green,  2,496.  Third  district— James  W.  Rea, 
36,466;  W.  W.  Foote,  36,283;  S.  M.  McLean,  3,174. 

Member  of  state  board  of  equalization,  first  district — Gordon  E. 
Sloss,  22,161;  A.  C.  Dithmar,  20,663;  Waldron  Shear,  2,207;  J.  S. 
Reynolds,  283.  Second  district— L.  C.  Morehouse,  22,760;  Charles 
H.  Randall,  20,688;  A.  J.  Gregg,  1,048.  Third  district— C.  E. 
Wilcoxon,  24,338;  John  Beattie,  Jr.,  23,627;  J.  L.  Mansfield,  919; 
Thomas  Bair,  600.  Fourth  district— John  T.  Gaffey,  27,222;  M. 
D.  Hamilton,  24,458;  L.  B.  Hogue,  2,587. 

For  representatives  in  congress,  first  district — Thomas  L.  Thomp- 
son, 16,499;  Charles  A.  Garter,  15,526;  L.  W.  Simmons,  849.  Sec- 
ond district— Marion  Biggs,  17,667;  J.  C.  Campbell,  16,594;  W.  O. 
Clark,  1,076.  Third  district— H.  C.  McPike,  13,277;  Joseph  Mc- 
Kenna,  15,801;  W.  W.  Smith,  707.  Fourth  district— W.  W.  Mor- 
row7Tl,413:  Frank  McCoppin,  9,854;  Chas.  A.  Sumner,  2,104; 
Robert  Thompson,  84.  Fifth  district— Charles _N,JFelton,  16,328; 
F.  J.  Sullivan,  16,209;  A.  E.  Redstone,  470;  C.  Henderson,  460. 
Sixth  district— W.  Vandever,  18,259;  Joseph  D.  Lynch,  18,204; 
W.  A.  Harris,  2,159. 


CHAPTER  XXXIY. 

1388.  Prohibition  Convention.— Republican  Convention,  May  ist. — 
Democratic  Convention. — American  Party  Convention. — Republi- 
can Convention,  July  3ist. 

The  executive  committee  of    the  prohibition  party  met  at    San 
Francisco,    January    24th,    and    arranged   for    the     holding    of    a 


534       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

convention  in  the  same  city  on  the  fourth  of  April  following.  On 
that  date  the  convention  assembled  at  Metropolitan  hall.  John  Bid- 
well  was  elected  temporary  chairman,  and  permanent  chairman  on 
the  subsequent  organization  of  the  convention.  The  committee  on 
credentials  reported  two  hundred  and  seventy-seven  delegates  enti- 
tled to  seats. 

The  following  platform  was  adopted  : 

1.  The  prohibition  party  of  California  declares  itself  in  alliance 
with  the  great  national  organization,  having  prohibition  for  its  first 
organic  law  and  governing  motive,  and  is  in  sympathetic  co-operation 
with  all  reforms  calculated  to  advance  the  moral  and  material  wel- 
fare of  the  whole  American   people.     Whereas,   the   legalized  and 
tolerated  liquor  traffic  is  a  legalized  infamous  crime  which  is  visited 
with  a  corresponding  curse  upon  our  country  and  people,  and  is  a 
war  against  American  civilization  and  liberty,  and  is  subversive  of 
all  things  which    good  men  and  women  love  and  value,  we  earn- 
estly invite  all  good  citizens,  without  distinction  of  sex,  race,  sect,  or 
party,  to  unite  with  us  to  stamp  out  this  death-dealing  plague.     We 
demand  the  extinction  of  the  manufacture,  import,  export,  transport 
and  sale  of  all  intoxicating  beverages  by  law  enforced  by  effective 
preventive  penalties.     And  we  pledge  ourselves  to  give  our  vote  and 
influence  only  for  persons  or  parties  committed  and  pledged  to  use  all 
proper  means  to  this  end, — fidelity  to  this  plank  being  our  only  test 
of  party  fealty. 

2.  We  invite  to  this  work  the  intelligent,  law-respecting,  and  order- 
loving  men  and  women  of  this  state;  those  who  are  interested  in  the 
protection  and  education  of  its  youth,  in  elevating   its  moral  stand- 
ards, preserving  the  union  of  states,  and  in  developing  and  perpetuat- 
ing Christian  civilization  throughout  the  world. 

3.  We   declare  that  the  manufacture,   sale,  and  use  of  alcoholic 
drinks  is  the  greatest  evil  of  the  country  and  the  age ;  that  the 
traffic  enslaves  women  and  degrades  children,   debases  youth  and 
wrecks  manhood,  corrupts  ballots  and  injures  public  service,  peoples 
prisons  and  fills  insane  asylums,  breeds  paupers  and  criminals,  im- 
poses   enormous    burdens    of    taxation,   destroys    capital   and   ruins 
labor;  degrades,  impoverishes,  and  destroys  our  homes,  and,  through 
organized  and  criminal  conspiracies,  subverts  law  and  order.     So  be- 
lieving, we  declare  the  cardinal  principles  of  our  party  to  be  prohi- 
bition,  by    constitutional    amendment,    of    the    manufacture  of   all 
alcoholic  liquors  not  demanded  for  medicinal,  mechanical,  or  scientific 
use;  and  the  regulation  by  law,  under  severe  penalties,  of  the  sale  of 


PROHIBITION  CONVENTION.  535 

alcoholic  liquors  for  such  use,  and  the  absolute  and  total  prohibition 
of  the  sale  for  any  other  purpose. 

4.  We  believe  that   voting  for  men  or  parties  that  license  the 
dramshop  is  an  active  participation  in  all  the  guilt  of  the  dramseller 
and  his  license. 

5.  We  hail  with   pleasure  the  cultivation  of  the  grape  in   this 
state,  as  offering  our  people  a  most  pleasant,  healthful,  and  remunera- 
tive occupation,    and    an    incalculable    and    inexhaustible  mine   of 
wealth  for  many   centuries  to   come.     An  unlimited  market   will 
always  be  found  for  all  the  raisins,  syrups,   canned  fruit,  and  fresh 
grapes  that  the  state  can  produce.     We  denounce  the  prostitution  of 
the  grape  industry  to  the  manufacture  of  wine,  brandy  or  other  in- 
toxicating liquors. 

6.  We  emphatically  protest  against  all  state  aid  for  the  encourage- 
ment of  the  business  of  making  intoxicating  drinks. 

7.  We  declare  that  Sunday  is  an  institution  so  interwoven  into 
our  laws,  our  customs,  our  civilization,  and  the  very  structure  of  our 
government,    so  intricately    and    beneficently    connected    with    our 
social,    business,  and  moral  life,  that  we  cannot  dispense   with  it 
without  sacrificing  the  very  best  interests  of  the  country  and   the 
highest  welfare  of  the  whole  people.     And  so  believing,  we  demand 
the  enactment  and  enforcement  of  an  intelligent  and  rational  Sun- 
day law. 

8.  We  are  in  favor  of  the  universal  and  enforced  education  of  the 
youth  of  our  state,  including  instruction  in  regard  to  the  effects  of 
alcohol  upon  the  human  system,  with  ample  provision  for  the  sup- 
port of  an  adequate  system  of  free  public  schools. 

9.  We  recognize  the  noble  services  of  woman  in  the  temperance 
reform,  and  in  every  elevating,  purifying,  beneficent  work  affecting 
the  interest  of  our  race,  and  we  believe  that  enlightened  patriotism 
and  manly  courage  demand  the  assertion  at  this  time  that  woman  is 
entitled  of  right  to  the  privileges  of  the  elective  franchise. 

10.  We  gratefully  recognize  the  heroic  and  successful  work  of  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union — national,  state,  and  local — 
and  welcome  our  sisters  as  the  strong  right  arm  of  the  prohibition 
reform  and  of  our  party,  and  we  lament  the  injustice  and  misfortune 
that  deprive  our  cause  of  the  help  of  their  ballots. 

11.  That  we  sympathize  with   every  proper  effort  to  improve  th 
moral,  social,  and  financial  condition  of  the  laborer  and  the  wage- 
earner,   and   urge   this  question  as  a  proper  subject  of  legislative 
enactment.     But  we  declare  that  total  abstinence  for  the  individua 


536      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

and  the  prohibition  of  the  liquor  traffic  by  the  state  lie  at  the  thresh- 
hold  of  labor  reform. 

~—r  12.  That  the  sectional  feeling  between  the  north  and  south  should 
be  obliterated.  Let  us  therefore  know  no  north,  south,  east  or 
west,  but  combine  in  a  fraternal  union  to  free  the  nation  from  the 
blighting  curse  of  rum. 

13.  We  demand  that  the  inheritance  of  the  children  of  America 
in  this   country  shall  be  preserved,  ar\d   that  the  immigration   of 
criminal  and  dangerous  classes  be  positively  prohibited ;  and  to  that 
end  we  demand  a  reformation  of  our  naturalization  laws. 

14.  We  favor  the  government  ownership  and  control  of  railroads 
and  telegraphs,  seeing  that  otherwise  they  will  soon  own  and  control 
the  government. 

15.  We  commend  a  complete  reform   in  the   civil    service,    and 
the  application  of  sound   business   principles  to    the   selection    of 
officers  for  the  public  service. 

16.  We  favor  the  election  of  United  States  senators  by  a  direct 
vote  of  the  people. 

Delegates  to  the  national  convention  were  elected  as  follows  : 

At  large — Mrs.  Joel  Russell,  Samuel  Fowler,  John  H.  Hector, 
Jesse  Yarnell,  John  Bidwell,  and  R.  H.  McDonald. 

Provisional  delegates — W.  W.  Smith,  C.  J.  Oovillaud,  L.  J. 
Becket,  Mrs.  Whitmore,  John  Dewey,  and  W.  H.  Somers. 

First  district — L.  Ewing,  J.  Robinson.  Alternates  — L.  B.  Scran- 
ton,  Mrs.  F.  A.  Lake. 

Second  district— W.  0.  Clark,  S.  M.  McLean.  Alternate— L. 
W.  Elliott. 

Third  district— 0.  H.  Dunn,  J.  Wells.  Alternates— W.  W. 
Smith,  S.  P.  Meads. 

Fourth  district— R.  H.  McDonald,  Mrs.  Skelton. 

Fifth  district— L.  W.  Kimball,  T.  B.  Stewart.  Alternate— L.  J. 
Becket. 

Sixth  district — H.  C.  Witner,   W.  R.  Goodwin. 

The  following  were  chosen  presidential  electors:  Jesse  F.  Wilson, 
W.  H.  Briggs,  A.  J.  Gregg,  H.  H.  Luse,  Charles  W.  Pedlar,  A.  D. 
Boren. 

Robert  Thompson  was  nominated  for  chief  justice  of  the  supreme 
court. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  537 

The  republican  state  central  committee  met  at  San  Francisco, 
March  14th,  and  issued  a  call  for  a  convention  to  meet  at  Sacra- 
mento on  May  1st  following,  to  elect  delegates  to  the  national  repub- 
iican  convention.  The  convention  met  in  the  assembly  chamber, 
and  was  called  to  order  by  A.  P.  Williams,  chairman  of  the  state  cen- 
tral committee.  M.  M.  Estee  was  elected  temporary,  and  later,  per- 
manent chairman.  The  committee  on  platform  and  resolutions  was 
•  composed  of  Grove  L.  Johnson,  J.  A.  Barham,  S.  D.  Woods,  John 
A.  Eagon,  L.  B.  Mizner,  W.  H.  Dimond,  A.  P.  Williams,  John  F. 
-Swift,  T.  G.  Phelps,  H.  V.  Morehouse,  R.  B.  Carpenter,  R.  0.  Gas- 
fcill,  F.  S.  Sprague,  W.  S.  Woods,  George  A.  Knight,  and  1ST.  P. 
•Chipman.  The  following  was  submitted  as  a  majority  report: 

1.  We  heartily   indorse  the  administration  of  Governor  Water- 
man as  able,  honest,  and   economical,  giving  good  promise  for  the 
future,  and   as  demonstrating  most  conclusively  that  the  affairs  of 
the  state  of  California  can  be  conducted  upon  business  principles, 
with  honor  to  the  officer,  satisfaction  to  the  people  and  credit  to  the 
state. 

2.  We  commend  the  republican  members   of  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives from   California,   Messrs.    McKenna,  Felton,  Morrow  and 
"Vandever,  for  their  fidelity  to  the  interests  of  their  constituents,  and 
for  the  ability  with  which  they  have  discharged  the  duties  of  their 
high  and  responsible  positions.     One  and  all  they  deserve   well  of 
'the  people. 

3.  For  more  than  the  third  of  a  century   the  senior  senator  from 
California  has  lived  amongst  us.     He  was  our  war  governor,  and  in 
the  hour  of  the  nation's  supreme  peril   he  rendered  most  important 
and  illustrious  services  to  his  country.     The  executive  skill  displayed 
by  him  in   private  and  in   public  life,   his   commanding   business 
ability,  his  intimate  and  thorough  acquaintance  with  public  affairs, 
the  clean  record  made  by  him  in  all  official  positions,  as  well  as  in  the 
^business  world,  his  loyalty  ever  manifested   to  California,  his  broad 
and  unparalleled  philanthropy,    which  has  dedicated  a  princely  for- 
tune to  the  erection  and  maintenance   of  an  institution   where  the 
advantages  of  the  highest  education  will  be  open,  without  cost,  to 
the  child  of  the  poorest  laborer,  as  well  as  the  scion  of  the  million- 
aire, his  entire  freedom  from   factional  feeling  or  strife  in  the  party, 
added  to  his  purity  of  character  and  lifelong  devotion  to  the  princi- 
ples of  the  republican  party,  justly  entitle  Leland  Stanford  to  the 
•confidence  of  the  people  of  California. 


538       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

4.  We  hail  with  pleasure  the  action  of  the  republican  United' 
States  senate  in  its  amendment  to  the  so-called  bond  purchase  bill, . 
made  in  the  interest  of  silver  coinage ;  and  we  denounce  the  con- 
duct of  the  democratic  house  of  representatives  in  smothering  the 
bill  and  amendment  in  committee,  at  the  reprehensible  dictation  of 
the  president,  as  bad  policy,  conducive  only  to  the  benefit  of  the 
speculators  in  gold.  We  demand  the  remonetization  of  silver  and  its 
free  coinage,  believing  that  its  rehabilitation  as  lawful  money  equal 
to  gold  will  be  of  great  advantage  to  the  people,  particularly  the 
poorer  classes  of  our  citizens.  We  favor  the  issue  by  the  national 
government  of  certificates  for  every  dollar  of  silver  bullion  deposited 
in  its  vaults,  for  by  so  doing  the  country  will  be  furnished  with  a 
safe  currency  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  people  and  increasing  in 
amount  with  the  wealth  and  population  of  our  nation. 

;5  We  view  with  alarm  the  increase  of  immigration  into  the 
United  States  of  anarchists,  nihilists,  and  socialists  and  other  unde- 
sirable persons  who  have  no  just  appreciation  of  political  liberty  or 
understanding  of  the  duties  or  dignities  of  American  citizens ;  and 
we  favor  such  legislation  as  will  prevent  the  coming  of  such  persons 
into  our  country.  We  demand  the  rigid  enforcement  of  the  law 
which  provides  for  the  exclusion  of  European  or  other  laborers 
under  contract  from  our  shores.  We  demand  the  strictest  and  most 
rigid  enforcement,  in  their  true  spirit  as  well  as  their  letter,  of  the 
naturalization  laws  by  the  various  courts  of  the  state. 

6.  The    republican    party,  from  its  birth,   has  always    been    the 
special  friend  of  the  free  public  schools  of  the   country.      We  are 
now,  as  ever,  in  favor  of  the  most  watchful  care  over  such  schools,  to 
the  end  that  they  may  be  kept  forever  free  from  sectarian  or  politi- 
cal influences.     The  education  of  the   children  of  the  land  is  the 
sacred  duty  of  the  citizens  thereof.     That  duty  can  only  be  properly 
performed  by  strict  attention  to  the  details  of  their  management,  as 
well  as  to  the  funds  so  lavishly  provided  by  the  people  for  their  sup- 
port.    The  end  of  popular  government  in  America  will  quickly  and 
surely  follow  the  disintegration  of  the  schools  or  the  school  fund, 
hence  all  attacks  made  thereon,  whether  open  or  covert,  in  the  name 
of  politics  or  religion,  must  be  sternly  discountenanced  and  promptly 
defeated.       The  republican   party  calls  attention  with   pardonable 
pride  to  its  labors  in  the  past  for  our  free  public  schools  as  a  bound- 
less guaranty  for  its  conduct  in  the  future. 

7.  We  arraign  the  present  democratic  administration  of  the  coun- 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS,  539 

try  as  having  been  false  at  once  to  its  pledges  and  the  interests  of 
the  nation  confided  to  its  care.  Its  foreign  policy  has  been  charac- 
terized by  cowardly  stupidity  and  the  absence  of  any  true  American 
spirit.  The  dominion  of  Canada,  not  even  an  independent  power, 
destroys  our  fishing  fleet,  maltreats  its  owners,  and  ruins  our  fisher- 
men, without  any  effort  at  redress  being  made  by  the  government. 
Weak  and  distracted  Mexico,  that  exists  as  a  nation  merely  by  suf- 
ferance, imprisons  and  judicially  murders  our  citizens,  without  even 
a  protest  from  Washington  authorities.  The  barbarians  of  Morocco, 
once  soundly  whipped  by  American  sailors,  now  insult  the  United 
States  consul,  while  confiscating  the  property  and  scourging  the 
bodies  of  United  States  citizens,  with  no  reproof  or  punishment. 
The  empire  of  Germany  forces  naturalized  citizens  into  its  army, 
despite  their  pleas  as  Americans  for  protection  and  exemption,  and 
no  demand  for  their  release  is  made  or  insisted  upon.  Its  home 
policy  has  been  one  unbroken  series  of  assaults  upon  the  faith  of  the 
nation  and  abject  subserviency  to  the  south  and  its  sectional 
demands.  Maimed  veterans  of  the  war  that  saved  the  union  are 
displaced  from  office  to  make  room  for  unrepentant  rebels.  The 
civil  service  rules  are  flagrantly  disregarded  in  all  the  large  cities- 
of  the  nation,  that  the  thugs  of  Baltimore,  the  heelers  of  Phila- 
delphia and  the  "b'hoys"  of  New  York  may  receive  reward  for  their 
fraudulent  election  services.  The  cry  for  aid  from  the  suffering  and 
dependent  poor  of  that  grand  army  of  soldiers  and  sailors  who  fol- 
lowed Grant  and  Porter,  Sherman  and  Farragut,  to  victory,  is 
contemptuously  disregarded  and  the  pension  law  bill  for  them  is 
retoed,  while  every  bill  for  the  payment  of  claims  from  southern 
brigadiers  for  losses  in  the  war  is  promptly  signed. 

8.  The  interests  of  the  navy  have  been  shamefully  neglected  and  our 
flag  permitted  to  be  discredited  by  reason  of  the  inability  of  our  ships- 
of  war  to  sail  the  ocean,  or  to  resist  a  collision  in  peaceful  waters  with  an 
ordinary  yacht.     The  whole  seaboard  coast  of  the  country  has  been  left 
unprotected,  and  not  a  dollar  has  been  expended  in  its  defense,  until  to- 
day our  great  cities  are  at  the  mercy  of  the  ironclads  of  blustering 
tenth-rate  powers,  while  our  forts  in  San  Francisco  harbor  are  destitute 
of  powder  enough  even  to  fire  a  salute  of  welcome  to  visiting  men- 
of-war  of  friendly  nations;  and  at  the  same  time  the  vast  surplus 
accumulated    by   economical    republican   administrations    has    been 
allowed  to  remain  unused  in  the  treasury  vaults,  a  standing  invita- 
tion to  corrupt  schemes  of  bounty  legislation. 

9.  And,  finally,  the    magnificent    manufacturing  and    industrial 


540       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

interests  of  the  whole  people,  so  long  the  boast  of  every  true  citizen, 
have  been  and  are  now  threatened  with  total  destruction  by  the 
free-trade  fallacies,  born  of  a  belief  in  the  principles  of  the  beaten 
southern  confederacy,  and  given  power  in  the  halls  of  congress  by  a 
solid  south,  led  by  the  same  forces  and  filled  with  the  same  spirit 
that  made  secession  possible  and  the  civil  war  a  necessity. 

10.  We  regard  the  presence  of  the  Chinese  in  our  midst  as  an  evil 
fraught  with  the  most  dangerous  consequences  to  the   people  arid 
country  alike.     We  rejoice  that  our  eastern  brethren  have  at  last 
awakened  to  the  curses  inevitably  attendant  upon  the  admixture  of 
Chinese  with  Anglo-Saxon  or  English-speaking  population,  and  we 
beg  them  to  heed  our  warning,  ere  it  becomes  too  late  to  save  the 
republic  from  the  myriad  hordes  of  Asiatic  barbarians  that  threaten 
to  overwhelm  us  with  their  numbers  and  customs.     We  demand  the 
unconditional  repeal  and  abrogation  of  all  laws  or  treaties  that  per- 
mit these  Mongolian  locusts  to  land  upon  our  shores,  and  the  enact- 
ment of  such  laws  as  will  speedily  rid  us  of  those  now  here.     We 
denounce  the  treaties  suggested  by  the  president  and  his  secretary  of 
state  as  mere  trifling  with  a  great  question  and  unworthy  the  sup- 
port of  any  good  citizen. 

11.  The  theory  upon  which  this  nation  was  founded  is  that  the 
majority  shall  govern.     To  ascertain  the  will  of  that  majority  elec- 
tions are  held,  at  which,  in  theory,  the  people  express  their  senti- 
ments, and  their  ballots  when  counted  decide  the  results.     Practically, 
however,  such  is  not  the  case  in  some  of  the  states  of  this  union 
dominated  by  the  democratic  party  and  officered  by  the  chiefs  of  the 
late  southern  confederacy.     The  perpetuity  of  our  free  government 
depends  upon  the  fact  that  there  shall  be  a  fair  ballot  and  an  honest 
count  in  every  precinct  of  every  county  of  every  state  in  the  federal 
union.     Up  to  the  present  time,  such  is  not  the  case  in  a  number  of 
states  of  this  union,  but,  on  the  contrary,  the  will  of  the  majority 
therein  is  stifled  by  fraud  and  violence,  and  the  republican  majori- 
ties which  would   be  given  in  six  of  the  southern  states  are  sup- 
pressed by  the  bowie-knife  and  the   shotgun.     We  demand  of  the 
national  administration  that  it  secure  to  republicans  and  democrats 
alike  this  inestimable  blessing  of  a  free  citizen,  that  his  vote  shall 
be  freely  given  and  honestly  counted,  whether  it  is  cast  in  the  state 
of  Louisiana  or  Massachusetts,  in  Mississippi  or  California;  and  until 
the  time  comes  when  every  citizen  of  whatever  color  shall  be  per 
mitted  openly  to  express  his  sentiments  in  all  parts  of  the  union, 
and  his  vote  shall  be  freely  given  and  honestly  counted,  the  day  of 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  541 

reconstruction,  made  necessary  by  the  blackness  of  an  unholy  rebel- 
lion, is  not  yet  ended.  We  pledge  the  entire  energies  of  the 
republican  party  to  securing  the  desired  result  of  a  free  ballot  and 
an  honest  count  in  every  state. 

1 2.  We  proclaim  anew  our  allegiance  to  the  doctrine  that  protec- 
tion to  our  home  industries  is  the  fundamental  law  of  our  nation's- 
career.     The  republican  party  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  has  been 
the  defender  of  that  principle,  and  has  maintained  it  in  full  force  in 
national  affairs,  and  to-day  appeals  to  the   people  to  support   that 
doctrine,  because  of  the  glorious  results  that  have  followed  its  en- 
forcement.    Under  its  beneficent  influence,  the  industrial,  mechani- 
cal, and  manufacturing  industries  of  the  United  States  have  devel- 
oped   with    marvelous   rapidity,    filling    the    whole   land    with   the 
healthful  music  of  loom  and  forge,  of  shop  and  factory,  and  enabling 
by  their  productive  and  enlarging  capacity  the  country  to  absorb, 
without  financial  or  social  disturbance,  a  million  soldiers  into  peace- 
ful  pursuits  ;  to  bear  with  ease  an    unprecedented  national  debt, 
frequently  to  reduce  the  interest,  and    regularly  each  month  the 
principal  of  that  debt;  to  give  remunerative  employment  to  the 
labor  and  capital  of  American  citizens  and  to  make  the  credit  of  our 
country  so  good  that  its  bonds  sell  at  a  premium  equal  to  one-fourth 
of  their  par  value.     We  denounce  the  effort  now  being  made  to  alter 
the  American  protective  system  as  an  attempt  by  foreign  capitalists, 
northern  theorists,  and  southern  schemers  to  place  the  underpaid  and 
poorly-fed  labor  of  the  old  world  into  unfair  competition  with  the 
full-paid  and  full-fed  labor  of  our  country,  and  thus   to  degrade  the 
American  workingman  to  a  level  with  the  paupers  of  Europe.     We 
believe  in  judicious  and  enlightened  tariff  reform,  but  demand  that 
such  reform  be  initiated  by  the  friends,  not  the  enemies  of  the 
American  protective  system,  and  that  it  be  carefully  timed,  so  as  to 
give  all  our  varied  industries  an  equal   chance  in  the   commerce  of 
the  nation  and  the  world. 

13.  The  republicans  of  this  state  four  years  ago  instructed  their 
delegates  to  the  national  republican  convention  to  vote  for  James  G» 
Blaine,  and  we  regret  his  refusal  to  allow  his  name  to  be  used  as  a 
candidate  at  the  coming  national  convention.     The  republicans  of 
the  state  of  California,  through  this  convention,  now  reiterate  their 
confidence  in  the  integrity,  patriotism  and  eminent  ability,  as  well 
as  their  admiration  for  the  conspicuous  public  services  of  James  G. 
Blaine,  and  we  are  proud  of  his  career  as  an  American  statesman. 


542       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

George  A.  Knight  presented  the  following  as  a  minority  report : 
That  while  the  republican  party  contains  many  men  who,  by  their 
recognized  ability  and  devotion  to  the  principles  of  the  party,  have 
proved  themselves  worthy  of  public  support  and  confidence  and  capa- 
bility of  filling  honorably  the  highest  gift  of  the  people,  the  repub- 
lican party  recognizes  in  the  Hon.  James  G.  Blaine  an  eminently 
able  and  tried  exponent  of  the  principles  of  protection  of  home 
industries,  of  large  experience  in  public  life,  of  the  purest  public 
and  private  character,  and  possessing  in  a  marked  degree  those  per- 
sonal qualities  which  would  do  honor  to  the  office  of  president  of  the 
United  States,  but  leave  our  delegates  unpledged  and  unembarrassed 
by  instructions,  and  free  to  act  for  the  best  interests  of  the  country . 

The  minority  report  was  rejected,  and  the  majority  report 
adopted. 

John  F.  Swift,  Creed  Haymond,  Henry  T.  Gage,  and  M.  M.  Estee 
were  elected  delegates  at  large  to  the  national  convention,  with  N. 
W.  Spaulding,  E.  P.  Danforth,  Richard  Gird,  and  J.  A.  Clayton  as 
their  respective  alternates.  Delegates  from  the  congressional  dis- 
tricts were  elected  as  follows:  First  district,  H.  W.  Byington  and 
J.  F.  Ellison;  alternates,  W.  H.  Pratt  and  M.  C.  Been.  Second 
district,  D.  E.  Knight  and  A.  M.  Simpson;  alternates,  W.  A.  Long 
and  W.  G.  Long.  Third  district,  E.  D.  Bobbins  and  Eli  S.  Deni- 
son;  alternates,  M.  P.  Ivory  and  W.  0.  Yan  Fleet.  Fourth  district, 
W.  H.  Dimond  and  C.  F.  Crocker;  alternates,  John  T.  Cutting  and 
David  McClure.  Fifth  district,  M.  H.  De  Young  and  F.  C.  Franck; 
alternates,  P.  Beamish  and  Duncan  McPherson.  Sixth  district, 
H.  L.  Osborne  and  Paris  Kilburn;  alternates,  J.  M.  Martin  and  F. 
H.  HBald. 

The  convention  adjourned  sine  die  on  May  -1st,  having  finished 
its  work  in  one  day. 

The  democratic  state  central  committee  met  at  San  Francisco, 
April  2d,  and  issued  a  call  for  a  convention  to  be  held  at  Los  Ange- 
les, on  May  ,15th.  On  that  day  the  convention  met  and  was  called 
to  order  by  W.  D.  English,  chairman  of  the  state  central  committee. 
R.  F.  Del  Yalle  was  elected  temporary  chairman,  and  permanent 
chairman  on  final  organization.  The  committee  on  platform  and 
resolutions  consisted  of  Stephen  M.  White,  J.  A.  Hill,  E.  S.  Lip- 
pitt,  D.  A.  Ostrom,  A.  C.  Paulsell,  W.  S.  Manlove,  W.  W.  Foote, 
P.  J.  Murphy,  P.  F.  Dunne,  N.  Bowden,  John  Foley,  W.  H.  Ham- 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  543 

>mond,  J.   P.   Haynes,   E.   W.    Townsend,    U.   S.    Gregory,    Russell 
Heath,  and  J.  W.  Levison. 

The   committee    made    the  following  report,    which   was   unani- 
•mously  adopted  : 

We  indorse  the  administration  of  Grover  Cleveland.  His  earnest 
and  intelligent  efforts  in  the  interests  of  the  people  have  justly  won 
the  plaudits  of  all  patriotic  citizens.  When  he  was  elected  to  per- 
form the  duties  of  the  high  office  the  functions  of  which  he  has  so 
ably  discharged,  our  political  opponents  confidently  avowed  that  his 
incumbency  would  result  in  disaster  and  ruin.  The  prosperity  which 
has  accompanied  his  administration,  the  unflagging  zeal  which  he 
has  manifested  in  promoting  the  welfare  of  all,  the  unsullied  char- 
acter of  the  public  servants  of  his  selection  by  whom  he  is  sur- 
rounded have  demonstrated  that  the  people  were  right  in  demanding 
a  change  of  administration,  and  that  the  permanency  of  our  insti- 
tutions and  the  maintenance  of  our  proud  position  as  a  people  de- 
pend upon  democratic  ascendency.  The  democracy,  under  the 
leadership  of  Grover  Cleveland,  seeks  to  deal  at  once  with  the  issues 
of  the  day  and  to  utilize  governmental  authority  to  improve  the 
condition  of  the  governed.  The  republican  organization,  controlled 
as  it  is  by  persons  whose  transgressions  have  driven  them  from  place, 
.seeks  restoration  to  power  by  appealing  to  issues  buried  in  the  ob- 
livion of  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Its  aspiration,  as  contained  in 
the  declarations  of  its  leaders,  is  to  revive  dissensions  and  discord, 
which  have  long  since  been  forgotten  by  all  right-thinking  men. 

The  democracy  is  pledged  to  an  equitable  revision  of  the  tariff. 
The  republican  party,  while  admitting  the  inequality  and  injustice 

•  of  the  revenue  laws   enacted  under  the  excitement  and  necessities 

•  of  a  great  war,  persistently  fails  to  suggest  any  reform^  and  obsti- 
nately seeks  to  defeat  all  efforts  directed  at  the  adoption  of  a  just 
and  comprehensive   measure.     We   believe  in  fostering  American 
industry,  but  we  oppose  the  subsidizing  of  great  monopolies  and  the 
centralization  of  money  in  the  hands  of  a  few  autocrats  whose  aims 
and  wishes  are  wholly  at  variance  with  the  welfare  of  the  toilers  of 
the  land.     We  heartily  indorse  that  progressive  measure,  commen- 
surate with  and  made  necessary  by  the  growth  and  needs  of  our 
•country,  the  message  of  the  president  urging  a  reform  in  our  tariff 
which  will  lessen  the  exactions  now  practiced  upon  our  people. 

1.  That  this  convention  recommend  the  passage  of  an  act  of  con- 
.gress  providing  for  the  free  coinage  of  both  gold  and  silver,  by  the 


544       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

terms  of  which  act  all  gold  and  silver  bullion  offered  at  the  several* 
mints  of  the  United  States  shall  be  received  in  exchange  for  money, 
or  gold  or  silver  certificates,  at  the  rate  now  fixed  by  law  for  stand- 
ard dollars  of  gold  and  silver,  which  certificates  shall  be  receivable 
for  public  purposes  and  interchangeable  for  gold  and  silver,  as  the 
case  may  be. 

2.  We  are,  as  ever,  absolutely  opposed   to  Chinese  immigration. 
We  congratulate  the  people  upon  the  success  which   has  attended 
the   efforts   of  the  democratic   administration  in  so  amending  our 
treaty  with  the  Chinese  empire  as  to  practically  exclude  the  Mongol- 
ian from  our  shores.     Long  years  of  republican  control  failed  to 
accomplish  this  result,  and  it   was   left  for  the  administration  o£ 
Grover  Cleveland  to  formulate  successfully  a  treaty  which  settles  a 
question  with  which  republicans  have  been  incompetent  to  deal.     By 
this  treaty  all  prior-residence  pleas  are  rendered  ineffectual,  and  all 
return  certificates  now  extant  absolutely  invalidated.     We  pledge 
our  representatives  in  congress  to  procure  the  enactment  of  such 
legislation  as  will  render  it  impossible  for  republican  federal  judges 
to  defeat  its  purposes  or  nullify  the  provisions  of  a  treaty  which  has 
for  the  first  time  rendered  absolute  exclusion  possible. 

3.  The  public  lands  of  the  United  States  should  be  disposed  of  to 
actual  settlers  only.     During  republican  dominancy,  immense  bodies- 
of  the  national  domain  passed  into  the  hands  of  corporate  and  for- 
eign syndicates  formed  for  the  creation  of  individual  fortunes.     The 
terms  of  these  grants  were  persistently  violated  by  the  beneficiaries,- 
and  these  violations  passed  unheeded  until  a  democratic  administra- 
tion, in  obedience  to  the  platform  of  its  principles  and  the  last  na- 
tional convention,  declared  them  forfeited,  thus  tendering  to  those 
seeking  homes  in  good  faith  more  than  forty  millions  of  acres  which 
had  been  withheld  from   the  people  under  republican  rule  for  the 
benefit   of    the   selfish   few.     We   commend    the   policy  of  Grover 
Cleveland  in  this  regard,  and  congratulate  our  chief  executive  upon 
the  success  which  has  attended  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of 
the  United  States  land  and  survey  offices  within  the  state  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

4.  We  are  in  favor  of  the  election  of  United  States  senators  by 
direct  vote  of  the  people  of  the  several  states,  and  earnestly  urge 
the  adoption  of  such  an  amendment  to  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States  as  will  accomplish  that  result. 

5.  That  the  democracy  of   this  state  hereby  proclaims  itself  in 
favor  of  the  establishment  of  a  postal  telegraph  law,  whereby  the- 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  545 

general   government  shall   combine  with   its   present  cheap   postal 
system  a  system  of  cheap  postal  telegraphy. 

6.  We  endorse  the  action  and   policy  of  our  democratic  senator 
and  representatives  in  congress,  and  are  confident  that  the  welfare 
of  our  state  is  safe  in  their  keeping. 

7.  That  we  favor  the  enactment  of  such  measures  as  shall  place 
our  various  industries  on  an  equality  before  the  law  in  the  use  and 
distribution  of  the  waters  of  the  streams  of  this  state  for  irrigation, 
mining,  milling,  and  other  beneficial  purposes. 

8.  We  commend  the  action   of  our  democratic  state  officials  in 
pressing  the  California  tax  cases  toward  ultimate  decisions,-  and  hope 
this  most  important  issue  will  not  be  permitted  to  rest  without  final 
adjudication  upon  its  merits.      We  once  more  condemn  the  acts  of 
those  corporations  which  have  persistently  refused  to  pay  their  law- 
ful portion  of  the  public  revenue.     This  failure  to  respond  to  a  just 
demand  has  seriously  contracted  the  public  school  fund  and  must 
render   our    educational    system    less    effective   until    collection    is 
enforced  or  the  honest  taxpayer  is  compelled  to  contribute  beyond 
his  proportionate  share.     The  republican  party,  ever  sincere  in  its 
professions,  has  finally  disavowed  all  intention  to  resist  the  demands 
of  its  corporate  masters.     It  refuses  to  stigmatize  their  encroach- 
ments or  to  question  their  misconduct,  but  on  the  contrary,  as  the 
action  of  its  late  state  convention  demonstrates,  yields  ready  compli- 
ance to  their  dictation.     While  fully  appreciating  the  benefits  of 
organized  capital,  we  declare  that  the  protection  of  those  privileges 
which  our  constitution  declares  are  the  common  heritage,  is  par- 
amount to  the  increase  of  individual  wealth. 

9.  We  believe  that  the  public  should  be  protected  from  the  great 
non-taxpaying   trusts   and    corporations   which    now  challenge   the 
authority  of  the  government.     The  democratic  party  was  founded  to 
maintain  the  interests  and  liberties  of  the  people ;  it  alone  is  com- 
petent to  resist  those  encroachments  which  imperil  the  safety  of  the 
state.     The  republican  party,  while   professing  to  be  the  friend  of 
labor,  has  demonstrated  by  its  uniform  action  that  its  tendencies  are 
toward  the  creation  of  monopolies  and  trusts  through  whose  instru- 
mentality alone  it  hopes  to    perpetuate  its  existence.     The  demo- 
cratic party  emanated  from  the  people.     Its  aim  has  always  been  to 
care  for  the  weak  and  to  be  just  to  the  strong.     While  it  is  ever 
ready  to  promote  the  industries  and  to  stimulate  enterprise,  it  will 
never  permit  wealth  to  shirk  its  rightful  obligations  or  to  impose 

35 


546       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

upon  poverty  the  expenses  of  a  government  formed  for  the  benefit  of 
all. 

10.  That  in  the  death  of  our  late  governor,  Washington  Bartlett, 
the  state  of  California  lost  an  upright  citizen  and  an  honorable  and 
conscientious  executive.     As  county  clerk  and  mayor  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  as  senator  from  that  city,  he  gave  unmistakable  proof  of 
his  capability  and  integrity.     Elevated  to  the  high  office  of  governor 
of  the  state,  he  had  but  just  begun  to  give  the  people  the  benefits  of  his 
great  experience  when  he  was  summoned  to  his  lasting  rest.      Appre- 
ciating the  lofty  qualities  which  made  him  the  favorite  of  the  people, 
we  join  in  the  universal  sorrow  which  has  followed  his  untimely 
demise.     His  life  furnishes  an  example  which  may  be  well  imitated. 
His  faithful  discharge  of  public  duties  demonstrated  the  sincerity  of 
his  democracy. 

11.  As  Grover  Cleveland  possesses  the  great  qualities  essential  to 
a  chief  magistrate  of  this  great  republic,  and  satisfied  that  the  most 
sacred  interests  of  the  people  have  never  been  committed  to  purer 
or  abler  keeping,  we  express  the  earnest  hope  that  he  will  for  a 
second  time  be  selected  as  the   standard-bearer  of  the  democratic 
party. 

Nominations  were  made  as  follows: 

For  electors-at-large:  B.  D.  Murphy  and  C.  P.  Berry,  they  receiv- 
ing 366  and  479  votes  respectively,  to  185  for  John  P.  Irish.  R. 
B.  Mitchell  and  H.  J.  Corcoran  were  elected  alternates. 

Niles  Searlsfor  chief  justice,  on  the  second  ballot,  by  284  votes  to 
179  for  J.  F.  Sullivan,  and  47  for  J.  W.  Armstrong. 

J.  F.  Sullivan  for  associate  justice. 

For  representatives  in  congress:  first  district,  Thomas  L.  Thomp- 
son; second  district,  Marion  Biggs;  third  district,  Ben  Morgan; 
Fourth  district,  Robert  Ferral;  fifth  district,  Thomas  J.  Clunie; 
sixth  district,  R.  B.  Terry. 

For  presidential  electors :  First  district,  F.  Beringer ;  alternate, 
E.  S.  Lippitt.  Second  district,  A.  Caminetti ;  alternate,  A.  T. 
Vogelsang.  Third  district,  Charles  A.  Jenkins;  alternate,  E.  E. 
Leake.  Fourth  district,  P.  J.  Murphy;  alternate,  P.  F.  Dunne. 
Fifth  district,  N.  Bowden ;  alternate,  Joseph  Napthaly.  Sixth  dis- 
trict, Byron  Waters;  alternate,  B.  S.  Hayne. 

For  delegates  to  national  democratic  convention  :  At  large,  M.  F. 
Tarpey,  Stephen  M.  White,  Clay  W.  Taylor,  and  W.  D.  English ; 
alternates,  R.  M.  Fitzgerald,  Victor  Montgomery,  M.  T.  Dooling, 


CONVENTION  OF  AMERICAN  PARTY.  547 

and  E.  H.  Bryant;  first  district,  James  E.  Murphy  and  Robert 
Cosner;  alternates,  F.  E.  Johnston  and  W.  P.  Mathews;  second  dis- 
trict, J.  A.  Filcher  and  George  H.  Castle;  alternates,  J.  D.  Young 
and  L.  Burwell;  third  district,  J.  J.  White  and  E.  G.  Blessing; 
alternates,  E.  McGettigan  and  L.  B.  Adams ;  fourth  district,  Joseph 
Clark  and  Edward  Curtis;  alternates,  Samuel  Newman  and  S. 
Braunhart;  fifth  district,  C.  T.  Rylandand  Maurice  Schmidt;  alter- 
nates, J.  S.  Potts  and  C.  P.  Stone ;  sixth  district,  William  Graves 
and  V.  D.  Knupp ;  alternates,  B.  Cohn  and  W.  D.  Grady. 
The  convention  adjourned  sine  die,  May  17th. 

Pursuant  to  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  state  central  committee 
of  the  American  party,  May  16th,  the  convention  assembled  in  Pio- 
neer hall,  San  Francisco,  July  4th.  Two  hundred  and  seventeen 
delegates  were  present,  representing  more  than  half  the  counties 
of  the  State.  L.  A.  Garnett  was  elected  temporary  chairman.  P.  D. 
Wigginton,  S.  S.  Holl,  A.  A.  Daggett,  B.  C.  Cuvillier,  V.  J.  Robert- 
son, W.  L.  Peet,  Chapman,  Norton,  and  Wilson  were  appointed 
members  of  the  committee  on  platform  and  resolutions.  On  per- 
manently organizing,  P.  D.  Wigginton  was  elected  chairman  with- 
out opposition,  and  A.  A.  Daggett  and  S.  S.  Holl.  vice-chairmen. 

The  following  platform  was  adopted  : 

Whereas,  Believing  that  the  time  has  arrived  when  a  due  regard  ^ 
for  the  present  and  future  prosperity  of  our  country  makes  it  im- 
perative that  the  people  of  the  United  States  of  America  should 
take  full  and  entire  control  of  their  government  to  the  exclusion  of 
the  revolutionary  and  incendiary  horde  of  foreigners  now  seeking 
our  shores  from  every  quarter  of  the  world ;  and  recognizing  that 
the  first  and  most  important  duty  of  an  American  citizen  is  to  main- 
tain this  government  in  all  attainable  purity  and  strength,  we  make 
the  following  declaration  of  principles: 

1.  That  all  law-abiding  citizens  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
whether  native  or  foreign  born,  are  political  equals,  and  all  are  enti- 
tled to  and  should  receive  the  full  protection  of  the  laws. 

Whereas,  There  are  seventeen  states  in  this  union  wherein  per- 
sons are  allowed  to  vote  at  all  elections,  without  being  citizens  of  the 
United  States ;  and  whereas,  such  a  system  tends  to  place  the 
management  of  the  government  in  the  hands  of  those  who  owe  no 
allegiance  to  our  political  institutions,  therefore,  be  it  resolved, 

2.  That  the  federal  constitution  should  be  so  amended  that  the 
federal  and  state  governments  shall  be  forbidden  and  prevented  from 


548       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

conferring  upon  any  person  the  right  to  vote,  unless  such  person  be 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 

>   3.  That  the  naturalization  laws  of  the  United  States  should  be 
unconditionally  repealed. 

-r  4.  That  the  soil  of  America  should  belong  to  Americans ;  that  no 
alien  non-resident  should  be  permitted  to  own  real  estate  in  the 
United  States,  and  that  the  real  possessions  of  the  resident  alien 
should  be  limited  in  value  and  area. 

5.  That  all  persons  not  in  sympathy  with  our  government  should 
be  prohibited  from  immigrating  to  the  United  States  of  America 
for  the  purpose  of  business  or  the  intention  of  permanent  residence ; 

6.  That  we  favor  educating  the  boys  and  girls  of  American  citi- 
zens as  mechanics  and   artisans,   thus  fitting  them  to  fill  the  places 
now  filled  by  foreigners,   who  supply  the  greater  part  of  our  skilled 
labor  and  thereby  almost  entirely  control  all  the  great  industries  of 
our   country,    save,    perhaps,   that   of   agriculture  alone.     And,   in 
order  to  accomplish  the  object  here  stated,   we  demand   that  the 
states  establish  free  technical  schools,  wherein  American  boys  and 
girls  may  be  taught  trades  and  thereby  become  skilled  artisans  and 
mechanics. 

7.  That  we  believe   "bossism"  in  politics  to  be  an  outgrowth  of 
foreign  influence.     We  condemn  it  as  un-American  and  tending  to 
a  corruption  of  the  ballot-box.     We  declare  that  the  American  party 
shall  not  have  bosses. 

8.  That  we  believe  in  equal  and  just  taxation,  and  to  accomplish 
this  necessary  reform  we  favor  a  uniform  reduction  of  taxes  on  the 
real  estate  of  the  cultivator  of  the  soil,  and  the  imposing  of  advanced 
rates  on  property  coming  under  the  head  of  luxuries. 

y  9.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  fostering  and  encouraging  American 
industries  of  every  class  and  kind,  and  to  that  end  would  protect 
our  home  productions  and  manufactures,  and  inaugurate  and  main- 
tain a  system  that  will  not  only  exclude  the  competitive  cheap  labor 
productions  of  other  countries,  but  will  also  exclude  the  cheap 
laborers  of  other  countries  and  prevent  them  coming  here  to  com- 
pete with  American  workingmen  ;  and, 

Whereas,  One  of  the  greatest  evils  of  unrestricted  foreign  immi- 
gration is  the  reduction  of  the  wages  of  the  American  working-man 
and  woman  to  the  level  of  the  underfed  and  underpaid  labor  of  for- 
eign countries, 

10.  Therefore,  we  demand  that  congress  pass  an  immigration  law 
whereby  a  per  capita  tax  shall  be  levied  upon  and  collected  from  all 


CONVENTION  OF  AMERICAN  PARTY.  549 

immigrants  coming  to  the  United  States;  and  that  such  tax  be  made 
large  enough  to  restrain  further  immigration  from  all  foreign  coun- 
tries. 

11.  That  universal  education  is  a  necessity  of  our  government, 
and  that  our  American  free-school  system  should  be  maintained  and 
preserved  as  the  safeguard   of  American  liberty ;  that  in  our  free 
common   schools    there    shall    be    no    language    taught    except   the 
English  language. 

12.  That  under  no  circumstances  should  any  of  the  public  funds 
be  diverted  to  or  used  for  the  benefit  of  any  sectarian  or  ecclesiast- 
ical school  or  institution  whatever. 

13.  That  in  view  of  the   neglected  and  defenseless  condition  of 
our  harbors  and   sea  coast,    a   liberal   expenditure  of    the   surplus 
which  accumulates  from   our  system  of  taxation  should  be  devoted 
to  erecting  fortifications  for  the  defense   of  our  harbors  and  sea- 
coast  and  for  the  creation   and  support  of  an  efficient  navy  ;  and 
that   such    expenditures    should    be    made    in   the   employment  of 
American  citizens  only. 

14.  That  the  American  party  recognizes  in  the  saloon  the  great 
agency  by  which  corruption  in  politics  is  fostered  and  the  power  of 
the  bosses  maintained ;  and  hereby  pledges  itself  honestly  and  earn- 
estly to  work  for  the  restriction  of  the  evil  to  the  narrowest  possi- 
ble limit. 

The  following  were  elected  delegates  to  the  national  convention  of 
the  American  party,  to  be  held  at  Washington  :  F.  M.  Pixley,  V.  J. 
Robertson,  P.  D.  Wigginton,  and  A.  A.  Daggett,  delegates  at  large; 
E.  E.  Hall  and  Wilfred  Page,  from  first  congressional  district;  N. 
M.  Orr  and  J.  F.  McSwain,  from  second ;  J.  M.  Bassett  and  G.  W. 
Grayson,  from  third  ;  N.  S.  Keith  and  L.  A.  Garnett,  from  fourth  ; 
N.  P.  Cole  and  N.  F.  Spear,  from  fifth,  and  C.  N.  Wilson  and  L.  S. 
Rogers,  from  the  sixth  congressional  district.  This  list  of  dele- 
gates was  increased  by  the  addition  of  the  names  of  M.  J.  Donahoe, 
Charles  Riggs,  N.  George,  and  G.  C.  Jennings. 

Presidential  electors  were  nominated  as  follows : 

P.  D.  Wigginton,  F.  M.  Pixley,  A.  A.  Daggett,  J.  West  Martin, 
and  Drury  Melone  were  nominated  for  electors  at  large.  On  a 
ballot  being  taken,  Wigginton  and  Pixley  receiving  81  and  70 
votes  respectively,  were  declared  the  nominees  over  Daggett  69, 
Martin  7,  and  Melone  5.  Alexander  Duncan  was  named  for  elector 
for  the  first  congressional  district,  N.  M.  Orr  for  the  second,  J.  West 


550      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Martin  for  the  third,  L.  A.  Garnett  for  the  fourth,  D.  Lambert  for 
the  fifth,  and  0.  N.  Wilson  for  the  sixth.  J.  West  Martin  after- 
ward resigned,  and  Daniel  Inman  was  substituted  by  the  state  cen- 
tral committee.  J  L.  Lyon  was  substituted  for  P.  D.  Wigginton, 
who  was  afterward  nominated  for  the  office  of  vice-president. 

The  nomination  of  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  chief  justice  was 
referred  to  the  state  central  committee,  as  was  also  the  selection  of 
alternates  for  the  national  delegates  and  presidential  electors.  The 
convention  adjourned  sine  die  on  July  5th. 

The  state  central  committee  nominated  W.  H.  Beatty  for  chief 
justice  and  J.  D.  Works  for  associate  justice.  The  following  were 
nominated  for  congress:  W.  D.  Reynolds,  from  first  district;  J.  F. 
McSwain,  from  second  district;  S.  Solon  Holl,  from  third  district; 
Frank  M.  Pixley,  from  fourth  district :  Frank  M.  Stone,  from  fifth 
district,  and  A.  A.  Daggett  from  sixth  district. 

The  republican  state  central  committee  met  at  San  Francisco, 
May  4th,  and  issued  a  call  for  a  convention  to  be  held  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, July  31st,  Nominations  were  to  be  made  for  the  offices  of 
presidential  electors,  congressmen,  chief  justice,  and  associate  justice 
of  the  supreme  court.  The  delegates  assembled  at  the  appointed 
time  and  were  called  to  order  by  W.  H.  Dimond,  chairman  of  the 
state  central  committee.  George  G.  Blanchard  was  elected  tem- 
porary, and  later,  permanent  chairman.  The  committee  on  plat- 
form and  resolutions  was  appointed,  to  consist  of  David  McClure, 
Pratt  of  Humboldt;  C.  A.  Garter,  J.  C.  Campbell,  J.  M.  Fulweiler, 
C.  T.  Jones,  J.  P.  Abbott;  Bayless  of  San  Francisco,  John  T. 
Dare,  Cooper  of  Santa  Cruz,  A.  R.  Conklin,  J.  G.  North,  W.  H. 
Dimond,  R.  B.  Carpenter,  L.  B.  Mizner,  G.  W.  Francis,  and  W.  S. 
Wood. 

The  committee  made  the  following  report,  which  was  unani- 
mously adopted  : 

1.  That  the  republicans  of  the  state  of  California,  in  convention 
assembled,  indorse  and  re-affirm  the  national  platform  of  the  republi- 
can party  adopted  at  its  convention  recently  held  in  Chicago,  and 
we  congratulate  the  country  upon  the  nomination  of  Harrison  and 
Morton,  the  true  representatives  of  the  American  policy  of  protec- 
tion to  American  industries  and  American  labor. 

2.  That  we  declare  the  welfare  of    California  demands  and  the 
dignity  of  labor  and  the  interests  of  capital  require  the  maintenance 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  551 

by  the  national  government  of  the  American  system  of  a  tariff  pro- 
tection. Under  this  policy,  which  has  been  constantly  supported  by 
the  republican  party  since  its  foundation,  our  varied  industries  have 
been  fostered  and  extended,  our  laboring  classes  have  enjoyed  better 
wages  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  world,  and  the  whole  country 
has  achieved  unparalleled  prosperity.  We  denounce  the  free-trade 
policy  which  the  democratic  party  has  advocated  since  1840  as  dan- 
gerous to  the  national  interests  of  the  country  and  to  the  welfare  of 
American  labor.  We  arraign  the  ^democratic  party  of  California 
for  supporting  the  national  democratic  party,  which  stands  upon  a 
platform  that  declared  for  British  free  trade,  as  promulgated  by  the 
Mills  bill,  and  view  with  alarm  this  assault  upon  our  American 
labor.  We  insist  that  the  success  of  this  British  policy  would  destroy 
the  growing  industries  of  our  commonwealth,  especially  the  grape, 
raisin,  nut,  wool,  lumber,  borax,  lead,  quicksilver,  sugar-beet,  and 
cereal  industries,  and  also  our  manufacturing  industries,  and  would 
reduce  the  wages  of  our  workingmen. 

3.  That  we  pledge  to  the  American  people,  and   especially  the 
people  of  California,  that  our  candidates  for  congress,  if  elected,  will 
sustain  the  protection  policy  of  the  republican  party  and  will  oppose 
the  British  and  solid  south  policy  of  the  democratic  party;  that  our 
American  industries  shall  be  protected  for  the  benefit  of  the  Ameri- 
can people,  and  that  American  labor  shall  be  fostered  and  protected 
as  against  the  competition  of  foreign  cheap  labor.      We  denounce 
as   un-American  and  contrary  to  the  best  interests  of  the  republic 
the  cheap-labor  policy  of  the  democratic  solid  south  of  to-day  as  we 
did  the  slave-policy  of  the  democratic  solid  south  of  1861,  and  we 
declare  that  the  one  was  and  the  other,  if  permitted  to  continue, 
will  be  destructive  of  the  best  interests  of  the  laboring  classes  of  this 
republic. 

4.  That  the  purity  of  the  ballot  is  the  pillar  of  the  state,  and  the  < 
denial  of  a  free  ballot  to  the  humblest  American  citizen,  whatever 
his  color  or  race,  imperils  the  liberties  of  the  people.     We,  therefore, 
denounce  as  dangerous  to  our  country  the  democratic  policy  of  the 
solid  south  in  depriving  the  colored  people  living  there  of  their  right 
to  vote.     A  government  based  upon  frauds  committed  against  the 
elective  franchise  cannot  long  survive. 

5.  That  a  financial  policy,  whereby  both  gold  and   silver  shall 
form  the  basis  of  circulation,  whether  the  money  used  by  the  people 
be  coin,  or  certificates  redeemable  in  coin,  or  both,  as  convenience 
may  require,  is  imperatively  demanded. 


552       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

6.  That  we  commend  the  republican  members  of  congress  from 
California  for  their  fidelity  to  the  interests  of  their  constituents,  and 
for  the  ability  with  which  they  have  discharged  the  duties  of  their 
high  and  responsible  positions. 

7  1.  That  we  commend  our  representatives  in  congress  for  their 
efforts  in  behalf  of  restrictive  Chinese  legislation,  thus  redeeming  the 
pledges  of  the  party  made  for  them,  and  renew  our  determination  to 
make  such  restriction  effective  and  in  every  way  to  prevent  the 
competition  of  Chinese  with  American  labor.  We  thank  the 
republican  national  convention  for  its  emphatic  declaration  on  the 
subject,  and  we  have  implicit  faith  that  the  republican  party  of  the 
nation  will  protect  us  in  all  our  industries  against  the  Chinese. 

Nominations  were  made  as  follows  : 

William  H.  Beatty  for  chief  justice,  by  312  votes,  to  123  for 
W.  E.  Greene,  and  23  for  G.  G.  Clough. 

J.  D.  Works  for  associate  justice,  by  acclamation. 

W.  H.  L.  Barnes  and  John  F.  Swift  for  electors  at  large,  by 
acclamation,  with  G.  G.  Blanchard  and  C.  T.  Jones  as  alternates. 

The  following  were  nominated  by  the  respective  district  conven- 
tions : 

For  representatives  in  congress  :  first  district,  J.  J.  DeHaveii ; 
second  district,  John  A.  Eagon ;  third  district,  Joseph  McKenna ; 
fourth  district,  W.  W.  Morrow;  fifth  district,  T.  G.  Phelps ;  sixth 
district,  William  Vandever. 

For  presidential  electors  :  first  district,  T.  L.  Carothers;  alternate, 
C.  C.  Bush.  Second  district,  G.  W.  Schell ;  alternate,  F.  W.  Street. 
Third  district,  L.  B.  Mizner ;  alternate,  J.  P.  Abbott.  Fourth  dis- 
trict, Samuel  M.  Shortridge;  alternate,  0.  Dunker.  Fifth  district, 
George  A.  Knight;  alternate,  James  R.  Lowe.  Sixth  district, 
H.  M.  Streeter;  alternate,  H.  V.  Morehouse. 

The  convention  adjourned  sine  die  on  the  same  day. 

At  the  election  held  in  November  all  of  the  candidates  on  the  re- 
publican ticket  were  elected,  with  the  exception  of  two  of  the  six 
congressmen.  The  official  returns  were  as  follows: 

For  presidential  electors:  Republican — Swift,  124,754;  Barnes, 
124,754;  Schell,  124,751;  Carothers,  124,789;  Knight,  124,816; 
Streeter,  124,809;  Shortridge,  124,781;  Mizner,  124,802.  Demo- 
cratic—Berry, 117,698;  B.  D.  Murphy,  117,676;  Beringer,  117,697; 
Caminetti,  117,729;  Jenkins,  117,626;  P.  J.  Murphy,  117,634; 


RESULT  OF  ELECTION.  553 

Bowden,  117,640;  Waters,  117,675.  American— Lyon,  1,340;  In- 
man,  1,545;  Garnett,  1,555;  Wilson,  696;  Duncan,  1,545;  Pixley, 
1,591;  Lambert,  1,544;  Orr,  1,539.  Prohibition— Bid  well,  5,761; 
McDonald,  5,760;  Luse,  5,744;  Wilson,  5,748;  Briggs,  5,745; 
Gregg,  5,737;  Pedlar,  5,746;  Boren,  5,736. 

For  chief  justice,  unexpired  term — W.  H.  Beatty,  124,617;  Nile& 
Searls,  119,901;  Robert  Thompson,  5,261. 

For  associate  justice,  unexpired  term — J.  D.  Works,  123,477;  J. 
F.  Sullivan,  122,974. 

For  representatives  in  congress:  First  district  — J.  J.  De  Haven, 
19.345;  T.  L.  Thompson,  19,019;  W.  D.  Reynolds,  428.  Second 
district— Marion  Biggs,  19,064;  John  A.  Eagon,  17,541;  S.  M. 
McLean,  913;  J.  F.  McSwain,  138.  Third  district— Joseph  Mc- 
Kenna,  19,912;  Ben  Morgan,  14,633;  W.  W.  Smith,  657;  S.  Solon 
Holl,  338.  Fourth  district — W.  W.  Morrow,  14,217;  Robert  Ferral,. 
13,624;  Frank  M.  Pixley,  173.  Fifth  district— T.  J.  Clunie,  20,276; 
T.  G.  Phelps,  20,225.  Sixth  district— W.  Vandever,  35,406;  R.  B. 
Terry,  29,453;  J.  G.  Miller,  2,375;  A.  Daggett,  150. 

The  presidential  electors,  Barnes,  Mizner,  Knight,  Shortridge, 
Streeter,  Swift,  Oarothers,  and  Schell,  met  at  Sacramento,  January 
14th,  1889,  and  cast  their  votes  for  Benjamin  Harrison  and  Levi 
P.  Morton  for  president  and  vice  president,  respectively,  of  the 
United  States.  Mizner  was  selected  to  convey  the  returns  to  Wash- 
ington. 


CHAPTER  XXXV. 

189O.     Prohibition    Convention. — American    Party    Convention. — Re- 
publican Convention. — Democratic  Convention. 

The  state  convention  of  the  prohibition  party  convened  at  Pioneer 
hall,  San  Francisco,  April  9th.  It  was  called  to  order  by  George 
Morris,  chairman  of  the  executive1  committee.  John  Bidwell  was 
elected  temporary  chairman.  M.  C.  Winchester,  George  T.  Elliott, 
D.  0.  Taylor,  C.  H.  Dunn,  and  others  were  appointed  a  committee 
on  platform  and  resolutions.  On  permanently  organizing,  L.  W. 
Elliot  was  made  chairman. 

The  following  platform  was  reported  by  the  committee,  and  after 
much  discussion  was  adopted  : 


554       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

1.  That  the  national  prohibition  platform  meets  our  unqualified 
approval  and  endorsement. 

2.  That  the  liquor  traffic  has  become  an  evil  of  such  vast  magni- 
tude, boldly  and  insolently  violating  and  defying  the  laws  that  have 
been  made  to  control  it,  endangering  the  stability  and  perpetuity  of 
free  government,  debauching  and   dominating   the  political  parties 
that  foster  and  protect  it,  wasting  the  wealth  of  the  state  and  nation, 
driving  out  the  sunshine  of  peace  and  happiness  from  the  homes  of 
the  people,  making  them  wretched  and  desolate;  breeding  immorality, 
vice,  and  crime ;  filling  our  jails,  penitentiaries,  and  insane  asylums 
with  its  wretched  and  ruined  victims,  the  best  interests  of  society 
and  good  government   demand  the   total  suppression  of  the  liquor 
traffic  by  both  state  and  national  constitutional  amendments,  and  that 
we  will  continue  to  make  this  the  cardinal  principle  of  the  prohibi- 
tion party. 

3.  That  the  attitude  of  the  old  political  parties  toward  the  tem- 
perance question  is  such  as  to  destroy  all  confidence  in  their  promises 
to  suppress  or  control  the  liquor  traffic,  and  that,  therefore,  the  pro- 
hibition party,  as  a  political  organization,  is  an  imperative  necessity, 
and  will  make  no  compromise  with  those  parties  on  high  license,  or 
other  compromise  measures,  whose  only  object  is  to  secure  the  liquor 
vote. 

4.  That  we  enter  our  emphatic  protest  against  the  appropriation 
of  money  from  the  state  treasury  to  advance  the  wine  interests,  and 
for  other  pernicious  and  immoral  purposes,  and   denounce  it  as  an 
outrage  upon  the  tax-payers  of  the  state,  and  will  not  vote  or  give 
our  influence  to  any  candidate  for  office  who  is  not  opposed  to  such 
appropriations. 

5.  That  we  affirm  the  dignity  of  labor,  and  are  in  hearty  sympa- 
thy with  all  just  and  enlightened  movements  for  the  elevation  of  the 
laboring  classes  and  the  harmonious  co-operation  of  labor  and  capital, 
and  to  this  end,  we  are  in  favor  of  the  closing  of  our  shops  and  fac- 
tories on  Saturday  afternoon  when  practicable. 

6.  That  we  most  kindly  and  cordially  invite  to  our  ranks  the 
fathers  and  mothers  whose  homes  are  endangered,  the  artisan  in  his 
shop,  the  mechanic  at  his  bench,  the  toiler  in  the  field,  every  wage 
earner  of  whatever  profession  or  occupation,  and  every  organization 
that  has  for  its  purpose  the  betterment  of  their  fellow  man,  for  the 
overthrow  of  this  gigantic  evil. 

7.  That  the  combination  of  trusts  and  monopolies  to  subsidize  the 
public  press,  corrupt  legislation  and  courts  of  justice,  increase  the 


PROHIBITION  CONVENTION.  555 

;price  of  commodities,  and  oppress  the  wage- worker,  is  a  gigantic 
usurpation  of  the  people's  rights,  and  that  we  favor  the  entire  over- 
throw of  such  monopolies  and  trusts  in  the  state  and  nation. 

8.  That  we  view  with  alarm  the   wholesale  corruption,  bribery, 
;and  political  bossism  that  has   obtained  in  the  state  elections,  and 
demand  such  a  revision  of  our  laws  in  the  system  of  voting  as  shall 
secure  to  citizens  of  every  class  equal  rights,  and  most  effectually 
prevent  the  abuses  now  existing,  and  to  that  end  we  favor  the  Aus- 
tralian ballot  system. 

9.  That  we  recognize  a  common  bond  of  sympathy  between  the 
prohibition  party  of  California  and  the  farmers'  alliance,  an  organi- 
zation recently  formed  by  the  union  of  the  grangers  and  the  knights 
of  labor,  and  inasmuch  as  the  farmers'  alliance  has  come  out  squarely 
for  prohibition,  we  extend  to  them  the  right  hand  of  fellowship,  and 
invite  them  to  make   common  cause  with   us  in  the  coming  cam- 
paign. 

10.  That  we  favor  the  enactment  and  rigid  enforcement  of  what 
are  known  as  civil  service  reform   laws,  and  their  extension  to  all 
.clerical  positions  and  the  postoffice  system. 

11.  That  we  favor  the  changing  of  the  tax  system  of  the  state  so 
as  to  secure  the  payment  of  taxes  in  equal  amounts  half  yearly. 

12.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  government  ownership  and  control  of 
'the  railroads  and  telegraph  lines,  and  the  management  of  the  same 
for  the  public  good.     And  that  we  favor  the  establishment  of  postal 
savings  banks. 

13.  That  we  favor  the  election  of  United  States  senators  by  the 
direct  vote  of  the  people. 

14.  That  we  favor  a  modification  of  the  naturalization  laws  of  the 
United  States  so  as  to  require  a  longer  residence  than  now  required, 
.and   so  as  to  guard  more  carefully  against  the   naturalization  of 
ignorant,  vicious,  and  criminal  persons. 

15.  That  we  favor  a  law  requiring  an   educational  test  for  the 
.right  of  suffrage,  and  that  we  favor  extending  the  right  of  suffrage 
to  all  persons  otherwise  qualified,  without  regard  to  sex. 

16.  That  we  recognize  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union 
.as  one  of  the  most  successful  of  all  the  allies  of  the  temperance  cause, 

and  especially  of  the  prohibition  work,  and  that  we  ask  their  con- 
tinued co-operation  in  our  work. 

17.  That  we  favor  the  enactment  of  a   law  requiring  one  day  in 
seven  as  a  day  of  rest  as  a  civil  institution,  but  providing  that  when 
.any  individual  habitually  rests  from  labor  upon  a  certain  day  of  the 


556      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

week,  such  person  shall  not  be  required  to  rest  upon  any  other  day; 
providing  further  that  in  no  case  shall  intoxicating  liquors  be  sold 
upon  such  rest  day. 

Nominations  were  made  as  follows  : 

For  governor,  John  Bid  well ;  for  lieutenant-governor,  A.  M. 
Hough ;  for  secretary  of  state,  F.  E.  Kellogg ;  for  treasurer,  Henrjr 
French;  for  controller,  M.  C.  Winchester;  for  attorney-general, 
Chauncey  H.  Dunn ;  for  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  Miss 
S.  M.  Severance;  for  surveyor-general,  E.  M.  Chase;  for  clerk  of 
supreme  court,  J.  T.  Price ;  for  members  of  congress,  first  district, 
L.  B.  Scranton;, second  district,  J.  S.  Witherell ;  third  district,  O. 

0.  Felkner;  fourth  district,  J.   Rowell;  fifth  district,   E.  F.  Howe;, 
sixth  district,  O.  R.  Dougherty.      For  railroad  commissioners:  first 
district,  R.  G.  Hart ;  second  district,  H.  H.  Luse ;  third  district,  J. 
G.  Miller.    For  members  of  state  board  of  equalization  :  first  district, 
H.  B.  Burlingame;  second  district,  D.  C.  Taylor;  third  district,  E.. 
C.  Gilbert;  fourth  district,  S.  Fowler. 

The  convention  adjourned  sine  die  on  April  10th. 

By  a  resolution  of  the  state  central  committee  of  the  American 
party  the  convention  was  called  to  meet  in  San  Francisco,  July  4th, 
but  at  a  subsequent  meeting  of  the  committee  held  June  12th,  the 
date  was  changed  to  August  4th.  On  the  latter  date  the  conven- 
tion met  at  Pioneer  hall,  San  Francisco.  It  was  called  to  order  by 
F.  W.  Eaton,  chairman  of  the  state  central  committee,  and  A.  A. 
Daggett  was  elected  •  temporary  chairman.  The  committee  on  plat- 
form and  resolutions  was  composed  of  J.  M.  Bassett,  William  Win- 
nie, E.  C.  Williams,  Clark  Blethen,  W.  Mayerhofer,  S.  Solon  Holl, 

1.  N.  Wright,  H.  C.  Goodyear,   and   W.   D.   J.    Hambly.      On  per- 
manently organizing,  A.  A.   Daggett   was   continued  as  chairman. 
The   committee   presented  the   following    resolutions,    which   were 
adopted : 

Whereas,  Believing  that  the  time  has  arrived  when  a  due  regard 
for  the  present  and  future  prosperity  of  our  country  makes  it  impera- 
tive that  the  people  of  the  United  States  of  America  should  take 
full  and  entire  control  of  their  government  to  the  exclusion  of  the 
revolutionary  and  incendiary  horde  of  foreigners  now  seeking  our 
shores  from  every  quarter  of  the  world,  and  recognizing  that  the  first 
and  most  important  duty  of  an  American  citizen  is  to  maintain  this 
government  in  all  attainable  purity  and  strength,  we  make  the- 
following  declaration  of  principles  : 


CONVENTION  OF  AMERICAN  PARTY.  557 

1.  That  all  law-abiding  citizens  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
•whether  native  or  foreign  born,  are  political  equals  and  are  entitled 
to  and  should  receive  the  full  protection  of  the  laws. 

Whereas,  there  are  at  least  seventeen  states  in  this  union  wherein 
persons  are  allowed  to  vote  at   all   elections,  without  being  citizens     - 
of  the  United  States;  and  whereas  such  a  system  tends  to  place  the 
management  of  the  government  in  the  hands  of   those  who  owe  no 
.allegiance  to  our  political  institutions;  therefore,  be  it  resolved, 

2.  That  the  federal  constitution  should  be  so  amended  that  the  ^ 
federal  and  state  governments  shall  be  forbidden  and  prevented  from 
•conferring  upon  any  person  the  right  to  vote,  unless  such  person  be 

a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 

3.  That  the  naturalization  laws  of  the   United  States  should  be  L- 
-unconditionally  repealed. 

4.  That  the  soil  of  America  should  belong  to  Americans  ;  that  no    <-- 
alien  non-resident   should   hereafter  be   permitted  to   acquire   real 
estate  in  the  United  States. 

And  whereas,  tracts  of  millions  of  acres  of  land  have  heretofore 
been  acquired  and  are  now  owned  by  subjects  of  foreign  govern- 
ments, which  under  existing  laws  may  be  transmitted,  intact,  from  /" 
generation  to  generation,  thus  enabling  foreigners  to  build  up  and 
maintain  immense  landed  estates  in  this  country ;  therefore,  re- 
solved, 

5.  That  we  favor  an  amendment  to  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States  prohibiting  non-resident  aliens  from  transmitting  real  property 
by  will ;  and  render  for  ever  incompetent  all  persons  whomsoever 
from   taking  real  property   from    non-resident   aliens  by  devise  or 
descent. 

And  whereas,  by  reason  of  the  lax  condition  of  the  state  and 
national  land  laws,  in  reference  to  the  disposition  of  the  public  land, 
aliens,  resident  and  non-resident,  have  been  enabled  to  acquire  and 
have  acquired  vast  tracts  of  the  public  lands,  and  have  thereby 
•deprived  American  citizens  of  their  birthright ;  now,  therefore,  in 
order  to  prevent  the  continuance  of  this  great  evil,  be  it  resolved, 

6.  That  we  demand  that  the  national  and  state  land  laws  be  so 
amended  that  no  persons  except  native  born  citizens  shall  be  per- 
mitted  to  enter   or   purchase    any    public  land  from  the  state   or 
national  governments. 

7.  That  the  ownership  of  land  by  resident  aliens  should  be  limited 
in  area  and  value. 

8.  That  we  favor  educating  the  boys  and  girls  of  American  citi- 


558       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

zens  as  mechanics  and  artisans,  thus  fitting  them  to  fill  the  places 
now  filled  by  foreigners,  who  supply  the  greater  part  of  our  skilled 
labor  and  thereby  almost  entirely  control  all  the  great  industries  of 
our  country,  save,  perhaps,  that  of  agriculture  alone,  and,  in  order  to 
accomplish  the  object  here  stated,  we  demand  that  the  state  establish 
free  technical  schools  wherein  American  boys  and  girls  may  be 
taught  trades  and  thereby  become  skilled  artisans  and  mechanics. 

9.  That  we  believe  in  equal  and  just  taxation,  and  to  accomplish 
this  necessary  reform  we  favor  a  uniform  reduction  of  taxes  on  the 
real  estate  of  the  cultivator  of  the  soil,  and  the  imposing  of  advanced 
rates  on  property  coming  under  the  head  of  luxuries. 

10.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  fostering  and  encouraging  American 
industries  of  every  class  and  kind,  and  to  that  end  would  protect 
our  home  productions  and  manufactures,  and  inaugurate  and  main- 
tain a  system  that  will  not  only  exclude  the  competitive  cheap  labor 
productions  of   other   countries,    but  will  also  exclude  the    cheap 
laborers  of  other  countries  and   prevent  them  coming  here  to  com- 
pete with  American  workingmen ;  but   we  denounce   the  so-called 
issue  of  protection  versus  free  trade,  as  used  by  the  democratic  and 
republican  parties,  as  a  fraud  and  a  snare,  and  we  charge  that  the 
consideration  which  these  parties  manifest  for  the  rights  of  American 
labor  is  a   sham  and  a  pretense.     The  best  "protection"   is  that 
which  protects  the  labor  and  life  blood  of  the  republic  from  the  de- 
grading competition  with  and  contamination  by  imported  foreigners ; 
and  the  most  dangerous  "free  trade"  is  that  in  paupers,  criminals, 
communists,  and  anarchists,  in  which  the  balance  has  always  been 
against  the  United  States. 

Whereas,  One  of  the  greatest  evils  of  unrestricted  foreign  immi- 
gration is  the  reduction  of  the  wages  of  the  American  workingman 
and  woman  to  the  level  of  the  underfed  and  underpaid  labor  of  for- 
eign countries, 

11.  Therefore,  we  demand   that  congress  pass  immigration  laws 
/whereby  a  per  capita  tax  shall  be  levied  upon  and  collected  from  all 

immigrants  coming  to  the  United  States,  and  that  such  tax  be 
made  large  enough  to  restrain  further  immigration  from  all  foreign 
countries ;  and  that  all  persons  not  in  sympathy  with  our  govern- 
ment should  be  prohibited  from  immigrating  to  these  United 
States. 

12.  We  regard  the  American  common  school  system  as  one  of  the 
chief  factors  in  the  formation  and  one  of  the  principal  powers  for 
the   perpetuation    of  our   republican    form    of  government.     In    a 


CONVENTION  OF  AMERICAN  PARTY.  559 

government  "of  the  people,  by  the  people  and  for  the  people"  in- 
telligence is  one  of  the  principal  elements  of  safety,  and  a  common 
school  education  should  be  made  compulsory  by  law.  Education  is 
a  sacred  debt  which  the  present  generation  owes  to  the  future. 
The  common  schools  must  continue  to  be  the  nurseries  of  citizenship, 
where  our  youths  shall  be  taught  the  common  branches,  the  history, 
the  principles,  and  the  spirit  of  American  institutions,  and  where 
the  highest  standard  of  excellence  as  regards  moral,  mental,  and  in- 
dustrial education  shall  be  maintained,  and  from  which  shall  be 
rigidly  excluded  all  sectarian  and  denominational  teaching,  in  order 
that  children  of  all  nationalities  molded  by  them  shall  become 
Americans.  The  common  schools  must  be  protected  from  all  as- 
saults, native  or  foreign,  sectarian  or  ecclesiastical ;  and  all  private 
schools  must  be  under  state  inspection,  and  teach  the  English  lan- 
guage as  a  preparation  for  intelligent  citizenship.  The  American 
flag  ought  to  float  over  every  school  building  in  the  land  as  an  object 
lesson  in  patriotism  for  childhood,  and  as  a  symbol  to  the  world 
that  we  consider  these  buildings  the  arsenals  of  our  strength.  As 
an  important  step  in  defense  of  the  common  school  system  of  educa- 
tion and  the  perpetuation  of  the  separation  of  church  and  state  we 
join  with  other  citizens  in  seeking  to  incorporate  in  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States  a  sixteenth  amendment  embodying  the  follow- 
ing prohibitions :  "No  state  shall  pass  any  law  respecting  an 
establishment  of  religion  or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof,  or 
use  its  property  or  credit,  or  any  money  raised  by  taxation,  or 
authorize  either  to  be  used  for  the  purpose  of  founding,  maintain- 
ing, or  aiding  by  appropriation,  payment  for  services,  expenses,  or 
otherwise,  any  church,  religious  denomination,  or  religious  society, 
or  any  institution,  society,  or  undertaking  which  is  wholly  or  in  part 
under  sectarian,  or  ecclesiastical  control." 

13.  That  after  the  year  1898,  no  person  shall  be  allowed  to  exer-  / 
cise  the  right  of  suffrage  unless  he  can  speak,  read,  and  write  the 
English  language  intelligently. 

14.  That  the  American  party  recognizes  in  the  saloon  the  great 
agency  by  which  corruption  in  politics  is  fostered,  and  the  power  of 
the  bosses  maintained ;  and   hereby  pledges  itself  to  work  honestly 
and  earnestly  for  the  restriction  of  the  evil  to  the  narrowest  possi- 
ble limit. 

15.  That  the  American  party  believes  in  and   will  do  its  utmost 
toward  maintaining  a  pure  ballot-box,   and  to  that  end  we  are  in 


560       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

favor  of  an  election  law  which  embodies  the  features  and  principles 
of  the  Australian  ballot  system. 

16.  That  the  American  party  believes  in  a  free  and  full  expres- 
sion of  the  people  upon  all  questions  of  public  interest,  and  for  the 
better  attainment  of  this  end  we  favor  the  enactment  of  a  law  by 
which  any  question  of  general  import,  upon   the   petition    to   the 
governor  of  three  per  cent  of  the  total  vote  cast  at  the  last  previous 
election,  shall  be  submitted  to  the  electors   at   the   next   general 
election  for  their  approval  or  rejection.     Believing  that  the  indus- 
tries of  America  demand  an  increase  of   circulating  medium,    the 
American  party  hereby  declares  itself  in  favor  of  the  free  coinage 
of  silver. 

17.  That  we  are  heartily  in  favor  of  the  bill  introduced  in  the 
senate  of  the  United  States  by  the  Hon.  Leland  Stanford,  providing 
for  loaning  the  money  of  the  government  to  agriculturists  at  low 
rates  of  interest,  taking  as  security  therefor  the  land  of  the  bor- 
rower ;  and  we  earnestly  urge  upon  congress  the  passage  of  this  bill. 

A  motion  to  strike  out  the  last  resolution  was  lost  by  a  vote  of  24 
to  72. 

Nominations  for  state  officers  were  made  on  Tuesday,  August  5th. 
For  governor,  John  Bid  well  received  71  votes  on  the  first  ballot, 
against  53  for  Ben  Morgan,  and  7  for  N.  P.  Ohipman.  The  other 
nominations  made  were  :  For  lieutenant-governor,  Ben  Morgan ;  for 
secretary  of  state,  William  S.  Lyon;  for  state  treasurer,  Guy  E. 
Grosse;  for  controller,  M.  0.  Winchester;  for  attorney  general 
Chauncey  H.  Dunn ;  for  surveyor-general,  William  L.  Dixon ;  for 
superintendent  of  public  instruction,  D.  Lambert;  for  clerk  of 
supreme  court,  W.  A.  Beatty.  Nominations  for  justice  of  supreme 
court  were  referred  to  the  state  central  committee,  and  for  congress- 
men, railroad  commissioners,  and  members  of  board  of  equalization, 
to  the  delegates  of  the  several  districts.  The  name  of  J.  D.  Spencer 
was  afterwards  substituted  for  that  of  W.  A.  Beatty  as  nominee  for 
clerk  of  supreme  court.  The  ticket  as  finally  completed,  comprised, 
in  addition  to  the  foregoing,  the  names  of  W.  H.  Beatty  for  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court;  Charles  H.  Garoutte,  Ralph  C.  Har- 
rison, and  John  J.  De  Haven,  for  associate  justices;  Thomas  J. 
Geary,  John  P.  Irish,  T.  Y.  Oator,  and  O.  R.  Dougherty,  for  con- 
gress from  the  first,  third,  fourth,  and  sixth  districts,  respectively; 
J.  S.  Swan,  J.  L.  Lyon,  R.  H.  Beamer,  and  H.  A.  Blodgett,  for 
members  of  the  state  board  of  equalization,  and  William  Beckman, 
J.  M.  Litchfield,  and  J.  W.  Rea,  for  railroad  commisioners. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  561 

The  republican  state  committee  met  in  San  Francisco,  April  23d, 
and  issued  a  call  for  a  convention  to  be  composed  of  677  delegates,  to 
meet  at  Sacramento,  August  12th,  for  the  purpose  of  nominating  state 
officers,  and  by  the  delegates  sitting  in  district  conventions,  to  nomi- 
nate congressmen,  members  of  the  state  board  of  equalization,  and 
railroad  commissioners.  The  convention  met  as  appointed.  It  was 
called  to  order  by  W.  H.  Dimond,  chairman  of  the  state  central 
committee.  J.  C.  Campbell  was  elected  temporary  chairman,  and 
continued  as  permanent  chairman  by  the  adoption  of  the  report  of 
the  committee  on  permanent  organization. 

The  committee  on  platform  and  resolutions  was  composed  of  G. 
G.  Blanchard,  W.  H.  Dimond,  Henry  C.  Dibble,  W.  S.  Wood,  R.  H. 
Lloyd,  Drury  Melone,  R.  B.  Carpenter,  A.  R.  Conklin,  John  F.  Elli- 
son, A.  L.  Hart,  F.  P.  Tattle,  C.  M.  Shortridge,  Frank  McGowan, 
F.  H.  Short,  T.  L.  Carothers,  D.  E.  Knight,  E.  C.  Voorhies,  G.  M. 
Francis,  V.  H.  Metcalf,  and  J.  P.  Abbott.  The  following  report 
was  presented  by  the  committee  and  adopted  : 

The  republicans  of  California,  by  their  delegates  in  convention 
assembled,  appealing  to  the  intelligence  and  patriotism  of  the  people 
confidently  submit  this  their  declaration  of  principles  : 

1.  We  believe  that  the  paramount  object  of  government  should 
be  to  secure  to  the  individual  the  highest  possible  measure  of 
civil  and  political  liberty.  The  republican  party  came  into  exist- 
ence thirty-four  years  ago,  insisting  that  the  primary  object  and 
ulterior  design  of  the  federal  government  was  to  secure  "the  inaliena- 
ble rights  of  life,  liberty  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness"  to  all  per- 
sons. It  has  always  maintained  that  as  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States  was  adopted  "in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union, 
establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the  common 
defense,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the  blessings  of 
liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,"  that  constitution  should  be 
liberally  construed  to  accomplish  those  ends.  In  pursuance  of  this 
broad  policy  and  these  high  aims,  it  has,  in  the  face  of  the  most  per- 
sistent and  unscrupulous  opposition,  successfully  conducted  the 
government  of  the  nation  for  nearly  thirty  years,  performing  deeds 
of  statesmanship  and  military  achievement  worthy  to  live  forever 
upon  the  brightest  pages  of  history.  It  has  contributed  to  our 
country  statesmen  such  as  Lincoln,  Seward,  Chase,  Sumner,  Garfield, 
Logan,  Conkling,  and  Elaine ;  and  such  soldiers  as  Grant,  Sherman, 
Sheridan,  and  Thomas — names  whose  fame  will  live  in  the  world's 

36 


562       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

galaxy  of  heroes  so  long  as  the  love  of  liberty  survives  in  the  human 
heart.  It  has  preserved  the  union  of  the  states  against  the  attack  of 
a  million  of  men  in  armed  rebellion.  It  found  the  nation  without 
credit  at  home  or  abroad,  and  it  organized  a  financial  system  under 
which  we  have  steadily  advanced  until  our  country  has  become  the 
most  powerful  of  all  the  nations  on  earth.  Better  than  all,  it  has 
not  only  been  true  to  its  original  purpose  of  preventing  the  establish- 
ment of  slavery  in  any  of  the  territories  of  the  United  States,  but  it 
has  also  destroyed  slavery  in  all  the  states  of  this  union  wherever  it 
existed,  and  by  the  force  of  example  has  led  all  other  civilized 
nations  to  abolish  that  curse  so  long  cherished  and  maintained  by 
the  democratic  party  of  this  country.  Thus  has  the  party  demon- 
strated its  ability  to  govern,  its  fidelity  to  the  principles  of  human 
liberty  and  equality,  and  its  desire  always  to  secure  the  greatest 
good  to  the  greatest  number. 

2.  "The  right  to  the  free  ballot  is  the  right  preservative  of  all 
rights;    and  must  and  shall  be  maintained  in  every  part  of    the 
United  States."     We  cordially  endorse  this  declaration  of  the  demo- 
cratic national  platform  of  1880,  but  we  denounce  the  shameful 
manner  in  which  that  party  has  violated  this  pledge  in  many  of  the 
states  of  the  union,  and  we  insist  that  henceforth  it  shall  be  observed, 
so  far  as  it  is  within  the  power  of  the  federal  government  to  effect  that 
object. 

3.  We  reaffirm  the  principles  announced  in  the  republican  national 
platform  adopted  in  1888. 

4.  As  shown  by  its  opposition  to  slavery  and  in  the  enactment  of 
the  homestead  and  other  similar  laws,   the  republican  party  has 
always  been  watchful  of  the  interests  of  those  who  depend  upon 
their  daily  labor  for  their  support,  and  in  pursuance  of  the  same 
policy  we  favor  legislation  by  which  some  satisfactory  plan  may  be 
devised  for  the  arbitration  of  disputes  and  controversies  relative  to 
wages  and  hours  of  labor  between  those  who  labor  and  those  who 
employ  labor. 

^  5.  We  renew  our  former  declarations  in  favor  of  the  most  rigid 
exclusion  of  Chinese  from  the  country,  and  we  urge  that  such 
restriction  be  made  permanent. 

6.  The  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  rivers,  which  are  navigable 
for  hundreds  of  miles  through  the  most  fertile  portions  of  the  state, 
are  the  natural  and  cheap  highways  for  one-half  the  transportation 
of  the  state.  It  is,  therefore,  the  duty  of  the  federal  government,  by 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS.  563 

adequate  appropriation,  to  straighten  and  deepen  the  channels  of  said 
rivers  so  as  to  make  them  and  keep  them  available  for  commerce. 

7.  We  approve  the  legislation  already  enacted  for  the  reclamation 
and  irrigation  of  our  arid   and  other  lands,  and  recommend  such 
further  legislation  as  may  be  necessary  to  fully  accomplish  that  pur- 
pose, and  reaffirm  the  resolution  contained  in  the  republican  plat- 
form of  1886  on  the  subject  of  irrigation,  and  commend  the  legisla- 
tion already  adopted  in  accord  therewith. 

8.  We  declare  an  unchanging  belief  in  free  public  schools  as  a 
necessity  to  free  government. 

9.  That  we  indorse  the  course  pursued  by  Speaker  Reed  and  the 
members  of  the  republican  party  in  the  present  session  of  congress, 
whereby  the  rules  of  proceeding  have   been  so  amended  that   the 
public  business  is  now  being  conducted  in  the  orderly  way  designed 
for  its  conduct  by  the  framers  of   this    government.      We   wholly 
repudiate  the  claim  of  the  right  of  any  number  of  the  members  of 
congress  to  interrupt  and  delay  its  business  by  refusing  to  vote  when 
required,  and  we  rejoice  that  the  speaker  and  other  members  of  the 
republican  side  of  the  house  have  been  able  to  destroy  the  pretense 
that  members  can  be  present  and  absent  at  the  same  time. 

10.  That  we  affirm  and    commend  the  administration  of    Presi- 
dent Harrison  and  the  course  pursued  in  the  general  legislation  of 
the  country  by  the  republican  members  of  congress. 

11.  That  we  desire  to  especially  commend  and  mark  with  approval 
the    manner    in  which  the  administration  of    President   Harrison, 
through   Secretary  Blaine,  has  managed    the   Bering  sea  difficulty 
with  England.      And  we  have  every  confidence  that  the  result  will 
be  adjusted  honorably  to  this  country  and  in  full  recognition  of  its 
rights. 

12.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  all  the  laws  recognizing  the  claims  of 
the  soldiers  of  the  late  war  and  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  recom- 
mend that  they  ever  be  considered  the  wards  of  the  nation. 

13.  That  the  nominees  of  this  convention  are  pledged  to  give  their 
support  to  the  enforcement  of  the  law  which  provides  that  eight 
hours  shall  constitute  a  legal  day's  work  for  all  state  and  municipal 
employes. 

14.  Whereas,  the  last  legislature  under  the  control  of  the  demo- 
cratic   party,   appropriated    $12,534,000— and   for   the  purpose  of 
raising  that  sum  the  rate  of  taxation  was  increased  to  the  unpre- 
cedented rate  of  72  cents  on  each  $100  of  assessable  property—  there- 
fore, resolved,  that  we  arraign  the  democratic  party  of  this  state  for 


564      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

the  waste  and  extravagance  shown  by  the  last  legislature  in  the  ap- 
propriation of  public  money,  and  we  promise  the  people  that  in  the 
hands  of  the  republican  party  the  state  finances  shall  be  handled 
with  honest  and  rigid  economy,  and  with  a  view  to  administer  the 
affairs  of  the  state  in  a  business-like  and  economical  manner ;  and 
we  do  further  declare  that  in  the  judgment  of  this  convention,  con- 
sidering the  past  experience  of  the  state,  an  annual  tax  of  50  cents 
on  each  $100  of  assessable  property  ought  to,  and  will  raise  a  revenue 
sufficient  for  all  the  wants  of  the  state.  And  we  pledge  the  nomi- 
nees of  this  convention  to  an  observance  of  this  rule.  And  we 
declare  to  the  people  of  this  state  that  the  success  of  the  republican 
party  means  the  establishment  of  a  state  limit  of  taxation  as  in  this 
resolution  declared.  And  we  call  upon  all  republican  county  con- 
ventions to  pledge  their  candidates  for  the  senate  and  assembly  to 
the  same  limit. 

15.  That  in  the  interest  of  the  agricultural  and  other  industries 
of  the  country  we  endorse  the  action  of  the  republican  members  of 
congress  in  the  passage  of  what  is  known  as  the  silver  bill,  and  that 
we  favor  a  proper  increase  of   the  currency  of  the  country  to  the 
extent  demanded  by  its  business  interests. 

16.  That  we  favor  the  enactment  of  stringent  laws  against  trusts, 
pools,  combines,  and  monopolies  whereby  legitimate  competition  is 
destroyed   and  the  necessities,  comforts,   and   luxuries  of   life  are 
enhanced  in  prices. 

The  following  nominations  were  made  :  Henry  H.  Markham,  for 
governor.  On  the  first  ballot,  the  roll-call  showed  299  votes  for 
Markham,  281  for  W.  W.  Morrow,  61  for  N.  P.  Chipman,  and  30 
for  L,  U.  Shippee,  but  before  the  result  was  announced,  many 
votes  were  changed  to  Markham,  until  finally  a  motion  was  carried 
to  make  his  nomination  unanimous. 

John  B.  Reddick,  for  lieutenant-governor,  by  acclamation,  the 
name  of  William  H.  Jordan,  which  was  also  before  the  convention, 
being  withdrawn  before  the  completion  of  the  first  ballot. 

William  H.  Beatty,  for  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court,  by 
acclamation. 

Ralph  C.  Harrison  and  Charles  H.  Garoutte,  for  associate  justices 
of  the  supreme  court,  by  381  and  546  votes,  respectively,  over 
Charles  K  Fox,  who  received  212,  and  C.  W.  0.  Rowell,  who  re- 
ceived 215  votes. 

John   J.    De  Haven,   for  associate  justice,    unexpired    term,   by 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  565 

acclamation,  the  name  of  George  A.  Nourse  being  withdrawn  before 
the  completion  of  the  first  ballot. 

Edward  G.  Waite,  for  secretary  of  state,  by  acclamation. 

Edward  P.  Colgan,  for  controller,  by  acclamation,  the  names  of 
S.  L.  Hanscom  and  J.  B.  Fuller,  being  withdrawn  during  the  second 
ballot. 

James  R.  McDonald,  for  treasurer,  by  343  votes,  against  333  for 
L.  Rackliffe. 

William  H.  H.  Hart,  for  attorney-general,  by"  351  votes,  against 
264  for  E.  C.  Hart,  and  61  for  George  D.  Collins. 

Theodore  Reiohert,  for  surveyor-general,  by  acclamation,  the 
name  of  James  M.  Gleaves  being  withdrawn  before  the  completion 
of  the  roll-call  on  the  first, ballot. 

Lewis  H.  Brown,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  over  Charles  B. 
Overacker,  A.  J.  Raisch,  and  E.  J.  Wolf. 

James  W.  Anderson,  for  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  by 
acclamation,  the  name  of  Ira  G.  Hoitt,  also  before  the  convention, 
being  withdrawn. 

Anticipating  an  increase  in  the  state's  representation  in  congress 
as  a  result  of  the  increased  population  which  would  be  shown  by 
the  United  States  census  of  1890,  the  state  central  committee  had 
called  for  the  nomination  of  two  congressmen  at  large.  The  con- 
vention accordingly  nominated  W.  W.  Morrow  and  J.  0.  Campbell. 
This  action  was  premature,  as  the  new  congressional  apportionment 
was  not  made  until  after  the  election. 

The  convention  completed  its  labors  and  adjourned  sine  die, 
August  14,  1890. 

The  following  were  nominated  by  the  district  conventions  :  For 
representatives  in  congress  :  First  district,  J.  A.  Barham  ;  second 
district,  G.  G.  Blanchard ;  third  district,  Joseph  McKenna  ;  fourth 
district,  John  T.  Cutting;  fifth  district,  E.  F.  Loud;  sixth  district, 
W.  W.  Bowers.  For  members  of  state  board  of  equalization  :  First 
district,  J  S.  Swan  ;  second  district,  L.  C.  Morehouse ;  third  dis- 
trict, D.  T.  Cole;  fourth  district,  J.  R.  Hebbron.  For  railroad 
commissioners  :  First  district,  William  Beckman  ;  second  district 
J.  M.  Litchfield ;  third  district,  James  W.  Rea. 

The  democratic  state  central  committee  met  at  San  Francisco, 
May  20th,  and  issued  a  call  for  a  convention,  to  meet  at  San  Jose, 
August  19th.  The  convention  met  at  the  stated  time  and  place,  and 
was  called  to  order  by  John  Daggett,  vice-chairman  of  the  state  cen- 


566       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

tral  committee.  Byron  Waters  was  elected  temporary  chairman,  and 
was  continued  as  the  permanent  chairman  on  final  organization.  The 
committee  on  platform  and  resolutions  was  composed  of  R.  B. 
Terry,  A.  B.  Ware,  H.  J.  Corcoran,  M.  H.  Mead,  W.  J.  Hancock, 
John  McGonigle,  Russell  J.  Wilson,  Joseph  Napthaly,  H.  G.  Platt, 
D.  A.  Ostrom,  Clay  W.  Taylor,  J.  F.  Thompson,  J.  De  Barth  Shorb, 
J.  H.  Lawrence,  and  John  Boggs.  On  the  following  day,  the  20th, 
the  committee  submitted  the  following  report : 

1.  The  democratic  party  of  the  state  of  California,  in  convention 
assembled,  renews  the  pledges  of  its  fidelity  to  the  democratic  faith, 
and    reaffirms   the   doctrines    of    the    national    platform   of    1888, 
adopted  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

2.  A  depleted  treasury,  the  imposition  of  unequal  and  oppressive 
taxes,  the  effort  to  enact  coercive  legislation,  the  arbitrary  disregard 
by  the  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  all  parliamentary 
rules,  and  the  shameless  servility  displayed  by  the  majority  in  the 
house  of  representatives  in  yielding  ready  obedience  to  his  tyranni- 
cal mandates,  their  refusal  to  join  the  democracy  in  its  efforts  to  pro- 
cure the  passage  of  a  measure  permitting  the  free  coinage  of  silver, 
the  neglect  of  the  present  administration  in  a  manner  to  modify  an 
admitted  erroneous  tariff,  suggest  with  more  emphasis  than  words 
that  the  reins  of  government  should  be  placed  in  safer  hands. 

3.  We  denounce  and  condemn  the  republican    majority    in    the 
national  house  of  representatives  for  the  passage  of  the  infamous 
Lodge  election    bill,   by   which   that    majority  seeks,  masquerading 
under  the  guise  of  "a  free  ballot  and  a  fair  count,"  to  perpetuate 
itself  in  power  by  insidiously  destroying  the  liberties  of  American 
citizens,  usurping  the  functions  of  state  government,  and  bringing 
the  federal  election  machinery  into  interminable  conflict  and  collis- 
ion with  the  statutory  efforts  of  the  people  of  the  various  common- 
wealths of  our  union  to  institute  a  genuine,    practical,  and  perma- 
nent reform.     We  hold  that  this  species  of  federal  interference  with 
the  people  in  the  registration  of  their  sovereign  will  is  despotic  and 
centralizing  in  its  tendencies,  dangerous  to  the  liberty,  peace,  and 
prosperity  of  the  people,  revolutionary  in  its  nature  and  purpose, 
and  in  direct  contravention  of  the  principles  of  free  government  as 
bequeathed  to  us  by  the  framers  of  our  constitution. 

4.  We  denounce  the  McKinley  bill  as  being  opposed  to  the  best 
interests  of  the  producing  and  consuming  classes  of  the  country. 

5.  The  demccratic  party  is  now,  as  it  has  ever  been,  unalterably 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  567 

opposed  to  Chinese  immigration.  The  Chinese  restriction  act, 
adopted  as  the  result  of  democratic  effort,  is  about  to  expire,  and  it 
is  the  duty  of  congress  to  enact  a  law  perpetually  excluding  all 
Chinese  from  the  United  States. 

6.  We  favor  the  free  coinage  of  silver,  and  demand  that  it  be 
made  an  unlimited  legal  tender  for  all  purposes,  public  and  private. 

7.  We  favor  the  enactment  of  stringent  laws  against  trusts,  pools, 
combines,    and    monopolies,     whereby     legitimate     competition    is 
destroyed  and  the  necessities  and  comforts  of  life  are  enhanced  in 
price. 

8.  We  are  in  favor  of  the  election  of  United  States  senators  by  a 
direct  vote  of  the  people,  and  earnestly  urge  the  adoption  of  such  an 
amendment  to  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  as  will  accom- 
plish that  result. 

9.  We  indorse  the  course  of  the  democratic  senator  and  represen- 
tatives in  congress,  and  commend  them  for  their  vigorous  defense  of 
the  public  interests  and  their  zeal  in  behalf  of  the  welfare  of  our 
state. 

10.  We  call  attention    to    the    hypocrisy  of  the  late  republican 
state  convention  in  attempting  to  place  upon  the  slender  democratic 
majority  in  the  legislature  the  entire  responsibility  of  the  appro- 
priations made  during  the  last  session.     The  republican  members  of 
the    legislature  voted    in    favor  of  the  appropriations    which  were 
made  the  subject  of  criticism,  and  in  every  instance  the  appropria- 
tions so  made  were   approved  by  a  republican  executive  who  had 
not  the  manliness  to  indorse  nor  the  courage  to  condemn. 

11.  We  declare  that   a   state  rate  of  taxation   nob  exceeding  45 
cents  on  each  $100  of  assessable  property  (according  to  the  assessed 
valuation  of  1889),  being  a  reduction  of  27   cents   and  2  mills,  is 
sufficient  to  raise  ample  revenue  to  meet  the  annual  expenses  of  the 
state   government ;  and   we  pledge  our  nominees  to  a  strict    and 
faithful  adherence  to  the  above,  and  we  do  demand  that  the  different 
county  conventions  pledge  their  legislative  candidates  to  the  same 
limit. 

12.  The  democracy   of    California    pledges   its   nominees    to   the 
legislature  to  use  all  lawful  means  to  secure  the  enactment  of  a  law 
embodying  the  Australian  ballot  system  substantially  as  that  now 
existing  in  the  state  of  Massachusetts. 

13.  We  favor  the  election   by   the  people  of  the  superintendent 
of  state  printing. 

14.  We  pledge  our  senators  and  representatives  in  congress  to  use 


568       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

all  honorable  means  to  secure  liberal  appropriations  from  the  general 
government  for  the  purpose  of  making  those  great  national  com- 
mercial highways,  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  rivers  and  their 
tributaries,  and  all  other  navigable  waterways,  freely  navigable  at 
all  seasons  of  the  year. 

15.  The  democratic  party  of  California  reaffirms  its  resolution  of 
1886  on  the  water  question,  reiterating  its  assertion  that  "the  En- 
glish law  of  riparian  rights  is  inapplicable  to  the  circumstances  and 
conditions  of  California";  reaffirming  the  doctrine  that  the  waters 
of  the  state  belong  to  the  people  of  the  state,  to  be  used  for  irriga- 
tion, mining,  manufacturing,   and  other  useful  purposes,  and   that 
they  should  never  be  subject  to  private  ownership  or  monopoly  ;  re- 
affirms the  policy  of  the  district  system,  and  pledges  itself  to  foster, 
amend,  and  perfect  the  system  inaugurated  under  and  by  virtue  of 
the  resolution  of  1886. 

16.  We  believe  in  a  liberal  support  of  our  citizen   soldiers  and 
national  guard.     It  is  an  integral  and  necessary  part  of  our  state 
government  and  should  be  fostered  and  encouraged. 

17.  We  are  opposed  to  all  forms  of  sumptuary  legislation  and  to 
all  unjust  discrimination  against  any  business  or  industry. 

18.  We   believe    that  the    wine-growing   industry    of  this   state 
should  be  fostered,  nourished,  and  encouraged  by   suitable  legisla- 
tion, both  state  and  national. 

19.  We  believe  that  eight  hours  should  constitute  a  legal  day's 
work,  and  that   the   present   law   to    that   end    should    be   rigidly 
enforced. 

20.  We   condemn    as    extravagant,     wasteful,     and    wrong,    the 
administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  state  prison   at   San   Quentin 
under  the  republican  management. 

21.  The  democratic  party  of  California  declares  itself  unalterably 
opposed  to  all  schemes  having  for  their  object  the  division  of  the 
state  of  California,  and  pledges  itself  tb  maintain  this  great  com- 
monwealth, brought  into  the  American  union  by  democratic  states- 
manship, undivided  in  its  greatness. 

After  some  discussion  on  the  fifteenth  section,  relative  to  water, 
the  report  was  adopted  without  amendment. 

On  the  20th,  the  names  of  E,  B.  Pond,  James  V.  Coleman,  W. 
D.  English,  and  A.  0.  Paulsell  were  placed  in  nomination  for  the 
office  of  governor,  and  two  ballots  taken  without  making  a  choice. 
On  the  fourth  ballot,  taken  on  the  following  day,  E.  B.  Pond  was 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  569 

nominated,  receiving  430  votes,  to  138  for  Cqleman,  6G  for  English, 
and  5  for  Paulsell. 

The  other  nominees  were  as  follows : 

R.  F.  Del  Valle,  for  lieutenant-governor,  by  acclamation. 

John  A.  Stanly,  for  chief  justice,  by  339  votes,  over  William  T, 
Wallace,  who  received  282. 

Jackson  Hatch,  for  associate  justice,  unexpired  term,  over  J.  W. 
Hughes  and  R.  Y.  Hayne.  The  nomination  was  made  unanimous 
before  the  completion  of  the  second  ballot. 

James  V.  Coffey  and  George  H.  Smith,  for  associate  justices,  full 
term,  over  John  G.  Presley,  John  D.  Goodwin,  J.  W.  Armstrong, 
James  E.  Murphy,  and  George  A.  Johnson. 

W.  C.  Hendricks,  for  secretary  of  state,  by  341  votes,  to  203  for 
C.  F.  Singletary,  and  86  for  George  W.  Peckham. 

John  P.  Dunn,  for  controller,  by  365  votes,  against  270  for  R.  D. 
Stephens,  and  i  for  F.  A.  Merriman. 

Adam  Herold,  for  treasurer,  by  acclamation. 

Walker  C.  Graves,  for  attorney-general,  by  369  votes,  to  265  for 
J.  R.  Kittrell. 

Stanley  C.  Bpom,  for  surveyor-general,  by  362  votes,  to  271  for 
H.  W.  Patton,  and  5  for  Preston  R.  Davis. 

H.  C.  Hall,  for  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  by  440  votes, 
on  the  second  ballot,  to  101  for  W.  T.  Welcker,  47  for  D.  C.  Clark, 
46  for  C.  S.  Smyth,  and  34  for  W.  A.  C.  Smith.  - 

J.  D.  Spencer,  for  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  by  406  votes,  to  228 
for  W.  L.  Ashe. 

Nominations  were  made  by  the  respective  district  conventions  as 
follows  : 

For  representatives  in  congress :  First  district,  T.  J.  Geary,  on 
the  twenty-first  ballot,  over  T.  W.  H.  Shanahan,  A.  P.  Haines,  and 
Rodney  Hudson;  second  district,  A.  Caminetti,  by  acclamation;  third 
district,  John  P.  Irish,  by  acclamation;  fourth  district,  Robert  Fer- 
ral ;  fifth  district,  T.  J.  Clunie,  by  acclamation ;  sixth  district,  W. 
J.  Curtis. . 

For  railroad  commissioners  :  First  district,  Archibald  Yell ;  sec- 
ond district,  C.  H.  Haswell ;  third  district,  L.  Archer. 

For  members  of  the  state  board  of  equalization  :  First  district, 
Gordon  E.  Sloss ;  second  district,  Henry  Dusterberry  (substituted 
for  James  Brady);  third  district,  R.  H.  Beamer;  fourth  district, 
-JohnT.  Gaffey. 


570      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  making  of  nominations  was  completed  August  22d,  when  the 
convention  adjourned  sine  die. 

The  state  election  was  held  November  4th,  1890.  All  of  the  can- 
didates on  the  republican  ticket  were  elected,  with  the  exception  of 
one  member  of  the  board  of  equalization  and  two  congressmen.  The 
results,  according  to  the  official  returns,  were  as  follows  : 

For  governor,  H.  H.  Markham,  125,129;  E.  B.  Pond,  117,184; 
John  Bidwell,  10,073. 

For  lieutenant-governor,  J.  B.  Reddick,  126,244;  R.  F.  Del 
Valle,  115,783;  A.  M.  Hough,  6,878  ;  Ben  Morgan,  3,342. 

For  secretary  of  state,  E.  G.  Waite,  129,900;  W.  C.  Hendricksr 
114,216;  F.  E.  Kellogg,  6,466;  W.  S.  Lyon,  1,948. 

For  surveyor-general,  Theodore  Reichert,  131,172  ;  Stanley  C. 
Boom,  112,765  ;  E.  M.  Chase,  6,476;  W.  L.  Dixon,  2,049. 

For  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  L.  H.  Brown,  130,036;  J.  D. 
Spencer,  115,719  ;  J.  T.  Price,  6,455 

For  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  J.  W.  Anderson, 
130,594  ;  H.  C.  Hall,  112,717  ;  Miss  S.  M.  Severance,  6,478. 

For  controller,  E.  P.  Oolgan,  128,042;  J.  P.  Dunn,  116,036;. 
M.  0.  Winchester,  8,405. 

For  treasurer,  J.  R.  McDonald,  128,926;  Adam  Herold,  115,041; 
Henry  French,  6,563  ;  G.  E.  Grosse,  1,997. 

For  attorney  -general,  ^W.  H.  H.  Hart,  130,520;  W.  C.  Graves, 
113,381;  C.  H.  Dunn,  8,603. 

For  chief  justice,  W.  H.  Beatty,  133,095;  J.  A.  Stanly,  113,018;. 
Robert  Thompson,  5,645. 

For  associate  justices:  Full  term,  C.  H.  Garoutte,  130,719;  J.  V. 
Coffey,  111,361;  R.  C.  Harrison,  129,509;  (!.  H.  Smith,  113,101. 
Unexpired  term,  J.  J.  DeHaven,  131,625;  Jackson  Hatch,  106,435; 
S.  O.  Brown,  4,011. 

For  members  of  state  board  of  equalization  :  First  district,  J.  S. 
Swan,  27,942  ;  G.  E.  gloss,  27,246  ;  H.  B.  Burlingame,  168.  Second 
district,  L.  0.  Morehouse,  28,417;  H.  Dusterberry,  16,288;  D.  0. 
Taylor,  1,181  ;  James  Brady,  5,751  ;  J.  L.  Lyon,  622.  Third  dis- 
trict, R.  H.  Beainer,  28,329;  D.  T.  Cole,  28,154;  E.  0.  Gilbert, 
1,096.  Fourth  district,  J.  R.  Hebbron,  42,235;  J.  T.  Gaffey,  40,- 
791  ;  S.  Fowler,  3,654. 

For  railroad  commissioners:  First  district,  William  Beckman,  41,- 
274;  Archibald  Yell,  37,327;  R.  G.  Hart,  1,611.  Second  district,. 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  571 

J.  M.  Libchfield,  31,478;  C.  H.  Haswell,  27,619;  H.  H.  Luse,  173. 
Third  district,  J.  W.  Rea,  57,312 ;  L.  Archer,  50,508  ;  J.  G.  Miller, 
4,416. 

For  representatives  in  congress:  First  district,  T.  J.  Geary,  19,- 
334;  J.  A.  Barbara,  19,153  ;  L.  B!  Scranton,  759.  Second  district, 
A.  Caminetti,  18,644;  G.  G.  Blanchard,  18,485;  J.  S.  Witherell, 
912.  Third  district,  Joseph  McKenna,  20,834;  John  P.  Irish,  15,- 
997;  O.  O.  Felkner,  774.  Fourth  district,  John  T.  Cutting,  13,196; 
Robert  Ferral,  12,091;  Thomas  V. -Gator,  1,492;  Joseph  Rowell, 
50.  Fifth  district,  E.  F.  Loud,  22,871  ;  T.  J.  Olunie,  19,899;  E.  F. 
Howe,  574.  Sixth  district,  W.  W.  Bowers,  33,522;  W.  J.  Curtis, 
28,904;  0.  R.  Dougherty,  3,130. 


CHAPTER   XXX  VI. 

1892.  Republican  Convention,  May  3d — Democratic  Convention — 
Prohibition  Convention — Organization  of  the  People's  Party — 
People's  Party  Nominating  Convention — Republican  Convention,, 
July  26th. 

The  republican  state  committee  met  in  San  Francisco,  March  14th, 
and  issued  a  call  for  a  convention  to  be  composed  of  552  delegates, 
to  meet  at  Stockton,  May  3d,  for  the  purpose  of  electing  delegates 
and  alternates  to  the  republican  national  convention.  The  test 
adopted  for  voters  at  primaries  was:  "Will  you  pledge  yourself  to 
support  the  nominees  of  the  republican  national  convention  at  tha 
coming  election  ?"  The  convention  met  as  called.  J.  H.  Neff  was 
elected  temporary  chairman  by  acclamation,  and  was  continued  as 
permanent  chairman  by  the  adoption  of  the  report  of  the  committee 
on  permanent  organization.  The  following  were  named  as  the  com- 
mittee on  platform  and  resolutions :  Grove  L.  Johnson,  T.  M.  Sel- 
vage, A.  B.  Lemon,  A.  L.  Levinsky,  John  F.  Davis,  J.  A.  Way  mire, 
H.  A.  McCraney,  W.  H.  L.  Barnes,  E.  S.  Pillsbury,  M.  Cooney, 
H.  V.  Morehouse,  E.  H.  Heacock,  H.  Z.  Osborne,  George  Fuller, 
and  Richard  Gird. 

The  committee  made  the  following  report,  which  was  adopted  : 

1.  The  administration  of  national  affairs  by  a  republican  presi- 
dent has  been  such  that  to  it  we  give  our  unqualified  indorsement. 
The  prudent  business  manner  in  which  the  finances  of  the  nation 
have  been  managed,  so  that  while  no  niggard  hand  has  been  shown, 


.572       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

in  disbursements,  yet  the  expenses  have  been  kept  within  bounds 
and  the  national  debt  greatly  reduced;  the  carrying  into  full  prac- 
tical effect  of  the  American  doctrine  of  protection  to  American 
manufactures  under  that  wise  and  beneficent  law  known  as  the  Mc- 
Kinley  bill;  the  courageous  putt'ing  into  operation  of  the  reciprocity 
clauses  of  that  law  against  clamor  without  and  concealed  antagon- 
ism within  the  party;  the  adjustment  in  a  masterly  and  dignified 
manner  of  the  unforeseen  and  peculiar  differences  with  our  old  friend 
Italy,  by  which  the  friendship  between  the  two  countries  has  been 
restored  on  terms  satisfactory  to  each  ;  the  firm  and  successful  man- 
agement of  the  controversy  with  Chile,  whereby  the  honor  of  the 
nation  was  guarded,  its  nag  made  powerful  to  guard  alike  our  sailors 
and  citizens,  as  well  as  political  refugees  seeking  shelte^  and  yet  the 
self-respect  of  Chile  was  observed  with  scrupulous  care;  the  care- 
fully prepared  and  determined  stand  taken  in  the  Bering  sea  dis- 
pute with  Great  Britain,  whereby  the  so-called  mistress  of  the  seas 
was  taught  that  the  American  banner  must  be  respected,  whether  it 
waved  over  land  or  ocean,  overman  or  seal,  and  by  which  a  glorious 
diplomatic  triumph  was  won ;  these  and  other  achievements  stamp 
the  administration  of  President  Harrison  as  wise,  patriotic,  and  use- 
ful, and  endear  him  to  the  hearts  of  all  true  Americans,  while  giving 
just  pride  to  every  republican.  We  feel  that  the  republican  party 
needs  no  better  leader  in  the  battle  of  1892  than  the  man  who  led  us 
to  victory  in  1888. 

2.  We  indorse  the  administration  of   Governor  Ma'rkham  as  wise 
and  efficient,  and  most  heartily  commend  the  care  with  which  he  is 
endeavoring  to  economize  and  improve  the  management  of  our  state 
institutions. 

3.  We  reaffirm  our  belief  in    and   adherence  to  the    republican 
national  platform  of  1888.     Upon  the  doctrine  there  enunciated  of 
protection  to  American  industries  and  American  labor  we  won  the 
contest,  and  all  subsequent  experience  has  but  strengthened  our  con- 
fidence in  that  system  of  governmental  policy  of  which  our  party  is 
the  exponent,  and  we  confidently  ask  the  closest  scrutiny  of  its  work- 
ing under  the  present  tariff  as  the  strongest  argument  for  its  main- 
tenance. 

4.  The  policy  of  our  government  has  always  been  to  welcome  to 
our    shores    all    good    people    from    all    parts    of    the    world,    but 
we  recognize  the  fact  that  our  hospitality  has   been  abused,  that 
thousands  of  undesirable  immigrants  have  been  imposed  upon  us,  or 
have  voluntarily  come  to  us,  and  we  deem  that  the  time  has  arrived 


REPUBLICAN  RESOLUTIONS. 

for  a  reform  in  our  laws  that  shall  protect  the  United  States  from 
the  socialist,  the  criminal,  the  pauper,  the  anarchist,  and  the  nihil- 
ist, and  shall  place  stronger  guards  around  the  sacred  privileges  of 
becoming  an  American  citizen,  so  that  no  man  shall  be  given  that  in- 
estimable right  unless  he  be  unmistakably  entitled  thereto. 

5.  We  hail  with  glad  hearts  the  cessation  of  legal  warfare  between 
the  miners  and  the  agriculturists  of   California,   and  the  blending 
together  of  the  two  great  interests  of  our  commonwealth  into  one 
harmonious  effort  to  advance   the   common   good  without  injury  to 
either.     We  indorse  the  efforts  that  have  been  made  to  bring  farmer 
and  miner  into  a  union,  and  call  upon  congress  to  enact  immediately 
into  laws  such  measures  as  will  enable  the  hydraulic  miner  again  to 
pour  into  the  pathway  of  commerce  his  millions  of  treasure  from  the 
streams  of  the   Sierra    Nevada    without   damage  to  the  valleys,  or 
waters,  or  agricultural  interests  of  the  state,  so  that  the  busy  hum  of 
labor  and  the  music  of  the  school  shall  be  heard  in  the  now  deserted 
mining  camps  of  California  as  in  the  days  of  old. 

6.  The  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  rivers  and  their  tributaries 
are  the  natural  highways  of  commerce  within  the  state,  and  we  are 
in  favor  of  so  improving  their  channels  and   constructing  navigable 
canals  through  the  valleys  of  said  rivers,  connecting  them  with  the 
tide  water,  as   to  secure   forever  to  the  people  of  the  state  cheap 
transportation  for  the  products  of  our  soil  and  our  factories. 

7.  The  Nicaragua  canal,  by  means  of  which  the  distance  between 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  seaports  of  our  country  will  be  shortened  by 
10,000  miles,  thus  affording  a  highway  for   quick  and  cheap  trans- 
portation without  limit,  is  an  enterprise  which,  if  properly  guarded, 
can  never  be  monopolized'  by  any  private  interest.     And  because  of 
its  vast  importance  to  the  commercial  world,  especially  to  the  states 
and  territories  contiguous  to  our  sea  coast,  we  urge  upon  congress  to 
take  such  action  as  will  insure  the  early  completion  of  said  canal,  and 
at  the  same  time  secure  the  control  of  the  canal  to  the  government 
of  the  United  States,  and  we  heartily  indorse  the  views  expressed 
on  this  subject  by    President  Harrison  in  his  message  to  congress 
thereon. 

8.  We  believe  that  the  wool-growing  interests  of  the  country  are 
entitled  to  and  should  receive  as  full  and  adequate  protection  under 
the  tariff  laws  as  that  granted  any  other  industry. 

9.  We    believe    silver,  equally    with    gold,    to     be     the    money 
of    the    people,    and    in    behalf   of    the    farmer,    the    laborer,    and 
the  mechanic  of  the  nation,  for   whom    the  republican  party  has 


574       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

always  labored,  we  demand  the  passage  of  such  laws  as  will  provide 
for  the  free  and  unlimited  coinage  of  the  silver  product  of  the  mines 
of  the  United  States,  as  soon  as  the  same  can  be  done  without  in- 
jury to  the  business  interests  of  the  nation. 

10.  The  republican  party  has  ever  been  the  friend  and  protector 
of  the  laborer  of  the  country,  and  in  line  with  the  legislation  which 
our  party  has  given  them  we  favor  the  passage  of  such  laws  by  con- 
gress as  will  protect  American  labor  against  the  importation  of  the 
products  of  pauper  labor,  as  well  as  against  the  importation  of  con- 
tract or  pauper  laborers,  believing  that  by   so  doing  only  can  we 
adequately  secure  to  the  American  laborer  the  full  reward  of  his 
exertions;  and  we  demand  the  rigid  enforcement  of  the  law  limiting 
the  hours  of  labor  on  public  works  to  eight  hours  per  day ;  and  we 
also  demand  such  legislation   as  shall  utterly  prohibit  all  Chinese 
immigration  into  the  United  States. 

11.  We  favor  an  amendment  to  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  providing  for  the  election  of  United  States  senators  by  direct 
vote  of  the  people. 

12.  While  we  abate  nothing  of  our  words  of  praise  regarding  the 
chief  magistrate  of  the  nation,  we  must  express  our  profound  con- 
viction that  in  the  whole  foreign  policy  of  the  administration  we  see 
the  traces  of  a  master  hand  so  long  and   lovingly  known  by  all  our 
party;  we  recognize  again  and  again  that  man  who  stands  in  the 
"very  foremost  rank  of  living  statesmen,  whose  fame  is  world-wide, 
whose  name  is  a  household  word  in  every  American  home,  and  who 
is  the  "favorite  son"  of  every  republican  in  every  state  of  the  Ameri- 
can union,  James  G.  Blaine. 

The  following  resolutions  were  also  adopted  : 

13.  That  the  principles  of    civil  service  reform  inaugurated  by 
the  late  lamented,  the   Honorable  James  A.  Garfield,   would,  if  car- 
ried out  in  their  strict  and  true  sense,  redound  to  the  credit  of  the 
administration  and  serve  as  a  safeguard  to  the  rank  and  file  of  the 
republican  party,  therefore,  be  it  further  resolved, 

1 4.  That  this  convention  indorse  and  recommend  the  carrying  out 
in  their  fullest  extent  the  principles  of  civil  service  reform. 

For  delegates  at  large  to  the  national  convention,  the  names  of  W. 
H.  L.  Barnes,  M.  M.  Estee,  E.  F.  Spence,  N.  D.  Hideout,  0.  N. 
Felton,  and  M.  H.  DeYoung  were  placed  in  nomination.  On  the 
first  ballot  Spence  received  459;  Hideout,  421;  DeYoung,  369;  Fel- 
ton, 347;  Estee,  326,  and  Barnes,  281  votes.  The  four  first  named 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  575 

-were  declared  elected.       Isaac  Trumbo,    Philo    G.   Hersey,    H.   G. 
'Otis,  and  J.  R.  Oarrick  were  elected  alternate  delegates  at  large  by 
acclamation. 

Delegates  were  elected  by  the  district  conventions  as  follows: 
First  district,  D.  T.  Cole  and  E.  V.  Spencer ;  alternates,  S.  I: 
Mathews  and  J.  T.  Matlock.  Second  district,  J.  F.  Kidder,  A.  J. 
Rhoads ;  alternates,  E.  C.  Voorhies  and  N.  Sposati.  Third  district, 
Eli  Denison  and  R.  D.  Robbins;  alternates,  H.  A.  McOraney  and 
R.  F.  Crist.  Fourth  district,  E.  S.  Pillsbury  and  J.  S.  Spear ;  alter- 
nates, Reuben  H.  Lloyd  and  D.  S.  Dorn.  Fifth  district,  O.  A.  Hale 
and  George  A.  Knight;  alternates,  John  T.  Dare  and  Mitchell 
Phillips.  Sixth  district,  E.  P.  Johnson  and  R.  E.  Jack  \  alternates, 
J.  Frankenfield  and  J.  T.  Porter.  Seventh  district,  P.  Y.  Baker  and 
R.  W.  Button ;  alternates,  W.  H.  Scribner  and  A.  S.  Emery. 
The  convention  adjourned  sine  die,  May  4th,  1892. 

The  democratic  state  central  committee  met  at  San  Francisco, 
April  6th,  and  issued  a  call  for  a  convention,  to  be  composed  of  643 
delegates,  and  to  be  held  at  Fresno,  May,  17,.  1892.  The  test 
adopted  for  primaries  was  :  "  Did  you  support  and  vote  for  E.  B. 
Pond  for  governor  in  1890,  or  would  you  have  done  so  had  you  cast 
a  vote1?  Will  you  support  the  nominees  of  the  national  democratic 
convention  at  Chicago,  and  the  democratic  ticket  nominated  in  May, 
1892,  by  the  Fresno  convention  ?"  The  convention  was  to  select 
delegates  to  the  national  convention,  and  by  district  conventions,  to 
nominate  congressmen,  and  electors  and  alternates 'for  president  and 
vice-president  of  the  United  States. 

The  convention  met  at  the  appointed  time  and  place,  and  was 
called  to  order  by  R.  P.  Hammond,  vice-chairman  of  the  state  cen- 
tral committee.  B.  D.  Murphy  was  elected  temporary  chairman  by 
343  votes,  over  D.  A.  Ostrom,  who  received  286.  The  committee 
on  platform  and  resolutions  was  appointed  to  consist -of  R.  F. 
Del  Valle,  Henry  Hogan,  John  Markley,  George  E.  Williams,  D.  A. 
Ostrom,  M.  F.  Tarpey,  R.  A.  Long,  J.  F.  Sullivan,  S.  Braunhart, 
Jackson  Hatch,  Barry  Baldwin,  Stephen  M.  White,  J.  D.  Harvey, 
Oscar  A.  Trippit,  and  M.  T.  Dooling. 

By  the  report  of  the  committee  on  permanent  organization,  which 
was  adopted,  the  temporary  officers  of  the  convention  were  made 
permanent,  and  Ostrom  was  made  vice-chairman. 

The  majority  of  the  committee  on  platform  and  resolutions  sub- 
mitted the  following  report : 


576       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

We  pledge  anew  our  fealty  to  the  principles  first  declared  by  the 
illustrious  men  who  founded  our  free  institutions  and  established  the 
democratic  party  to  protect  and  preserve  them. 

1.  That  the  paramount  reform  now  demanded  of  the  federal  legis- 
lature is   the  reform  of  the  tariff  laws  upon  the  basis  of  the  demo- 
cratic platform   of  1888,  to  the  end  that  no  money  shall  be  need- 
lessly exacted  from  the  industries  and  necessities  of  the  people,  and 
that  our  industrial  interests  shall  not  be  prejudiced  by  excessive  tax- 
ation, false   systems  of  finance  or  extravagant  cost   of  production. 
To  this  end  the  McKinley  tariff  bill  should  be  repealed,  the  essential 
raw  material  of  American  manufactures  should  be  put  upon  the  free 
list  and  a  revised  tariff  should  be  adopted,  with  due  regard  for  the 
rights  of  American  labor  and  the  preservation  of  our  manufactures^ 
That  consistently  with  that  issue  and  with  -this  demand  the  senti- 
ment of  the  California  democracy  is  overwhelmingly  for  the  renomi- 
nation  to  the  presidency  of  the  man  who  gave  to  his  party   intel- 
lectual and  political  leadership  and  to  the  country  a  pure  and  ele- 
vated   administration.      We  declare    our   conviction   that   the    best 
interests  of  the  party  and  of  the  country  demand  the  nomination  of 
Grover  Cleveland  for  president.     He  is  the  choice  of  this  convention 
for  that  exalted  station,  and  we  are  confident  that  under  his  leader- 
ship the  principles  of  democracy  will  win  a  glorious  victory;  and  to 
the  end  that  the  vote  and  influence  of  California  may  be  most  effect- 
ively heard  and  felt  the  delegates  this  day   chosen  are  directed  to 
act  as  a  unit  in  all  matters  intrusted  to  their  charge,  said   action  to 
be  determined  by  the  vote  of  the  majority  of  the  delegates. 

2.  That  we  congratulate   the  democratic  party  and  the  people  of 
the  state  of  California   upon  the  successful  efforts  of  our  two  demo- 
cratic congressmen  in  behalf  of  the  best  interests  of  the  state,  and 
we  confidently  contrast  their  earnest  labors  with  the  inactivity  and 
apathy  of  their  republican  colleagues  in  the  house  and  senate.     The 
whole  state  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  Hon.  A.  Caminettiand  Hon. 
T.  J.  Geary;  to  the  one  for  salutary  and  wise  legislation  introduced 
by   him  for  the  relief  of  our  suffering  mining  industries  without  in- 
terfering with  agriculture,  and -the  preservation  of  our  waterways; 
to  the  other  for  the   splendid  anti-Chinese  legislation  wrung  by  his 
tireless  advocacy  of  California's  welfare  from  a  reluctant  republican 
senate. 

3.  That  the  construction   of  the  Nicaragua   maritime  canal  is  of 
the  greatest   political  and    commercial  importance  to  our  country, 


DEMOCRATIC  RESOLUTIONS.  577 

and  especially  to  the  Pacific  states,  and  that  we  respectfully  urge 
the  democratic  national  convention  to  pronounce  distinctly  in  favor" 
of  congress  taking  such  action  as  may  facilitate  its  construction, 
but  we  are  opposed  to  a  subsidy  being  granted  to  any  corporation  for 
such  purpose. 

4.  That   we  ask  that  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  be  so 
amended  as  to  provide  for   the  election  of  United   States  senators 
directly  by  the  people,  avoiding  so  far  as  possible  the  scandals  that 
regularly  attend  the  election  to  this  important  office  and  bringing 
its  incumbent  nearer  to  the  people  of  the  state  whose  representative 
he  is. 

5.  That  we  demand  the  rigid  enforcement  of  the  law  limiting  the 
hours  of  labor  on  public  works  to  eight  hours  per  day.     We  reaffirm 
our  opposition  to  the  immigration  of  Chinese  and  other  pauper  labor. 

6.  That  we   denounce  the  acts  of  the  republican  party  against 
silver,  particularly*  the    act  demonetizing  it,  and  we  believe  that 
there  should  be  kept  in  constant  circulation  a  full  and  sufficient 
volume  of  money  consisting  of  gold,  silver,  and  legal-tender  paper 
currency  at  par  with  each  other. 

7.  That  we  denounce  the  legislative  and  congressional  apportion- 
ments made  by  the  late  republican  legislature  as  unfair  and  partisan 
in  the  extreme.      For  the  purpose  of  increasing  republican  represen- 
tation, districts  were  formed  without  reference  to  the  just  demands 
of  localities  affected,  and   without  reference  to  public   convenience. 
The  provision  of    our  constitution    requiring  that    legislative  dis- 
tricts shall  be  as  nearly  equal  in  population  as  may  be,  was  deliber- 
ately and  shamelessly  violated. 

8.  That   we  demand  the  enactment  of  stringent  laws  which  will 
protect   the  people  from  the  adulteration  of  food  products,  which 
results  in  the  destruction  of  many  of  our  industries  and  is  highly 
injurious  to  the  health  of  the  people. 

9.  That  the  waterways  of  the  state,  being  the  natural  distributing 
arteries  of  commerce  as  well  as  the  means  of  irrigating  our  arid  lands 
and  increasing  our  productive  capacities,  are  of  the  first  importance  to 
the  citizen ;  and  we  demand  of  congress  a  fulfillment  of  the  obliga- 
tions to  the  state  to  maintain  our  navigable  waters  which  come  under 
their  direct  control  in  the  best  navigable  condition  ;  and  of  the  state 
the  preservation  of  its  waters  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  our  citizens. 

10.  That  we  heartily  approve  of  the  resumption  within  our  state 
of  hydraulic  mining  under  such  conditions  as  shall  be  just  and  equit- 

37 


578      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

able  to  both  miner  and  farmer,  and  we  pledge  our  best  efforts  to  aid 
in  the  adjustment  of  that  most  important  question.  We  most 
respectfully  petition  congress  for  immediate  assistance  and  pledge 
our  congressional  nominees  to  the  hearty  advocacy  and  support  of 
such  measures  as  may  be  necessary  to  practically  solve  that  problem. 
*  The  suppression  of  hydraulic  mining  in  California  has  congested  the 
circulating  medium  not  only  at  home,  where  the  results  are  most 
acutely  and  infamously  felt,  but  throughout  the  commercial  world, 
and  we  look  forward  to  an  era  of  great  prosperity  upon  its  resump- 
tion. 

11.  That  we  deem  it  the  duty  of  congress  to  make  ample  appro- 
priations for  the  rectification  and  restoration  of  the  navigable  rivers 
of  this  state ;  that  such  appropriations  should  be  expended  in  the 
improvement  of  the  channels  and  in  the  construction  of  restraining 
and  impounding  dams  ;  that  such  dams  should  be  erected  at  such 
places  and  of  such   dimensions  and   capacity  as  will   restrain   the 
debris  now  in  the  channels  and  also  the  amount  that  will  hereafter 
be  deposited  in  the  tributaries  of  said  rivers  by  natural  or  mining 
washings,  thereby  preserving  the  navigability  of  the  rectified  rivers, 
and  also  restoring  the  great  industry  of  hydraulic  mining;  that  we 
deem  the  passage   of   the  mining   bill  introduced  in  the  house  of 
representatives  of  the  United  States  by  Hon.  A.  Oaminetti  to  be  of 
vital  importance  to  the  people  of  the  state ;  that  in  view  of  such 
fact  we  urgently  request  the  delegation  in  congress  from  this  state 
to  co-operate  in  securing  the  passage  of   said  act  at  this  session,  in 
order  that  hydraulic  mining  may  be  speedily  resumed. 

12.  That  in  1890  congress  restored  to  the  public  domain  in  this 
state  a  vast  territory  covered  by  forfeited  railroad  land  grants.     The 
interior  department,  acting  in  compliance  with  the  wishes  of  the 
corporations   affected,    has    wilfully   neglected   to   place  this   great 
domain   at   the    disposal   of   the  people.     The  land  thus  withheld 
should  be  immediately  thrown  open  for  actual  settlement  and  occu- 
pancy. 

13.  We  denounce  the  use  of  money  in  elections  as  subversive  of 
good  government,  and  we  are  in  favor  of  the  Australian  ballot  sys- 
tem, and  all  other  legislation  tending  to  prevent  such  evil. 

14.  That  we  are  unalterably  opposed  to  any  extension  of  time  for 
fifty  years,  or  for  any  other  time,  for  the  payment  of  the  indebted- 
ness of  the  Pacific  railroads  to  the  general  government. 

Whereas,    The  Central  and  Southern  Pacific  railroad  companies 


DEMOCRA  TIC  RESOL  UTIONS.  579 

and  their  branches  owe  to  the  state  and  several  counties  the  sum  of 
$2,547,000  for  taxes;  therefore,  be  it  resolved, 

15.  That  we  demand  of  the  senatorial  and  assembly  district  con- 
ventions that  they  pledge  their  nominees  to  vote  for  a  law  providing 
for  the  reassessment  of  the  property  of  said  companies  for  the  years 
they  have  escaped  taxation. 

16.  That  we  believe  that  the  public  should  be  protected  from  the 
great  non-taxpaying  trusts  and  corporations  which   now  challenge 
the  authority  of  the  government.     The  democratic  party  was  founded 
to  maintain  the  interests  and  liberties  of  the  people.     It  alone  is 
competent  to  resist  those  encroachments  which  imperil  the  safety  of 
the  state.     The  republican  party,  while  professing  to  be  the  friend 
of  labor,  has  demonstrated  by  its  uniform  action  that  its  tendencies 
are  toward  the  creation  of  monopolies  and  trusts,  through  whose 
instrumentality   alone  it  hopes  to   perpetuate    its    existence.     The 
democratic   party  emanates   from   the  people;  its  aim   has  always 
been  to  care  for  the  weak  and  to  be  just  to  the  strong.     While  it  is 
ever  ready  to  promote  industries  and  to  stimulate  enterprises  it  \\jill 
never  permit  wealth  to  shirk  its  rightful  obligations  or  to  impose 
upon  poverty  the  expenses  of  a  government  formed  for  the  benefit  of 
all. 

17.  That  we  advocate  the  continuance  of   the  democratic  policy 
inaugurated  during  the  presidency  of  Grover  Cleveland  providing  for 
the  construction  of  a  thoroughly  efficient  navy,  and  we  favor  the 
establishment  of  adequate   coast  and  harbor  defenses  and  the  con- 
struction of  a  national  gun  foundry  upon  this  coast. 

18.  That  we  deem  a  well  equipped  national  guard  prornotive  of 
public  safety,  and  we  therefore  favor  liberal  treatment  of  our  citizen 
soldiery.      '    , 

19.  That  the  democratic  party  of  the  state  of   California  resents 
the  interference  in  the  politics  of  this  state  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Company  of  Kentucky;  that  we  denounce  the  system  of  boss  politics 
largely  created  and  fostered  by  that  corporation  which  has  corrupted 
public  men  and  public  life,  and  under  which  few  but  those  who  find 
favor  in  the  eyes  of  the  corporation  and  stand  ready  to  do  its  bidding 
have  held  office.     Under  this  influence  our  youths  have  been  taught 
and  trained  to  believe  that  political  principle  and  political  duty  may 
be  justly  traded  off  for  personal  gain  and  preferment  at  the  hands  of 
the  boss  to  the  almost  entire  destruction  of  that  healthy  public  spirit 
without  which  no  government  of  the  people  can  hope  to  continue  in 
•existence. 


580       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

20.  That  we  heartily  indorse  the  bill  introduced  by  Congressman 
Caminetti  to  admit  jute  bags  free  of  duty,  and  we  call  upon  our 
congressional  delegation  to  use  their  utmost  endeavor  to  accomplish 
the  passage  of  that  measure. 

21.  That  we  favor  the  strict  enforcement  of  the  civil  service  laws. 

22.  That  we  are  opposed  to  the  payment  of  any  subsidy  to  any 
company  for  carrying  the  United  States  mails  when  such  company  is 
directly  or   indirectly  subsidized  by  any    railroad  or  other  private 
corporation. 

23.  That   the  democratic  party    denounces    the    inaction    of  the 
board  of  railroad  commissioners  of  the  state  and  earnestly  sympa- 
thizes and  commends  the  effort  of  the  Traffic  Association  of  Califor- 
nia to  compel  them  to  perform  their  constitutional  duty  and  accom- 
plish a  much  needed  reduction  in  railroad  rates  in  California. 

24.  That  it  is  absolutely  essential  to  the  promotion  of  the  com- 
mercial interests  of  California  that  a  competing  railroad  be  introduced 
within  her  borders. 

2§  That  democratic  ascendancy  is  dependent  upon  the  intelligence 
and  education  of  the  people.  We  favor  liberal  appropriations  for 
the  maintenance  and  perfection  of  our  public  school  system,  and 
pledge  our  legislative  nominees  to  the  exercise  of  a  liberal  discretion 
in  providing  for  its  maintenance  and  thorough  equipment. 

26.  That  the  democratic  party  is  now,  as  ever,  unalterably  opposed 
to  all  sumptuary  legislation. 

27.  That  we  denounce  the  billion-dollar  congress  and  the  legisla- 
ture of  a  thousand  scandals. 

28.  That  the  success  of  the  democratic  party  offers  to  a  suffering 
people  the  only  escape  from  a  recurrence  of  corrupt  and  extravagant 
rule. 

29.  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  convention  that  the  next  legisla- 
ture of  this  state  submit  to  the  people  for  adoption  a  constitutional 
amendment  providing  for  a   maximum  tariff  and  classification,  and 
abolishing  the  board  of  railroad   commissioners;  and  the  democratic 
party  demands  that  all  candidates  for  the  assembly  and  senate  at  the 
coining  election  be  pledged  to  said  action. 

White  submitted  a  minority  report  offering  as  substitutes  for  the 
twenty-third  and  twenty-ninth  sections,  respectively,  the  following: 

23.  That  the  democratic  party  denounces  the  inaction  of  the 
board  of  railroad  commissioners  of  this  state  and  earnestly  sympa- 
thizes with  and  commends  all  efforts  to  compel  them  to  perform  their 


DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTION.  581 

constitutional  duty  by  accomplishing  a  much  needed  reduction  in 
railroad  rates  in  this  state. 

29.  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  convention  that  the  next  legisla- 
ture of  this  state  provide  for  a  maximum  railroad  freight  and  fare 
tariff. 

A  second  minority  report  was  submitted,  signed  by  Harvey, 
White,  Dooling,  and  Braunhart,  offering  the  following  substitute  for 
the  sixth  section: 

6.  That  this  convention  denounces  the  act  of  the  republican  con- 
gress in  demonetizing  silver.  We  are  in  favor  of  the  double  stand- 
ard and  of  the  enactment  of  such  laws  as  will  result  in  the  free 
coinage  of  silver. 

White's  report  was  rejected,  by  a  vote  of  355  to  255;  the  second 
minority  report  was  then  withdrawn,  and  the  majority  report  adopted 
without  amendment. 

The  following  resolution,  introduced  by  I.  Gutte,  was  adopted  by 
acclamation  : 

That  whereas,  the  prosperity  of  the  state  of  California  is,  in  a 
great  measure,  dependent  upon  an  increased  population,  we  recom- 
mend such  measures  as  will  tend  to  encourage  the  immigration  of 
orderly  and  decent  people,  to  the  exclusion  of  the  members  of  the 
criminal  and  pauper  classes  and  refuse  of  other  nations,  and  that  in 
heartily  favoring  the  immigration  of  decent  and  orderly  members  of 
the  Caucasian  race,  it  should  always  be  remembered  that  American 
citizenship  is  a  boon  to  be  conferred  only  upon  such  persons  as  are 
in  accord  with  our  system  of  constitutional  government. 

W.  W.  Foote,  Stephen  M.  White,  A.  B.  Butler,  and  J.  V.  Cole-  (_/ 
man  were  elected  delegates  at  large  to  the  national  democratic  con- 
vention by  acclamation,  while  as  alternates,  Lawrence  Archer,  John 
Bryson,  Sr.,  Louis  Metzger,  and  R.  H.  Beamer  were  also  elected  by 
acclamation.  For  presidential  electors  at  large,  J.  F.  Thompson  and 
Joseph  D.  Lynch  were  chosen  by  acclamation,  and  in  the  same  man- 
ner E.  B.  Price  and  P.  H.  Griffin  were  chosen  alternates. 

The  convention  adjourned  sine  die,  May  18th.  During  intervals 
in  its  sessions  the  delegates  assembled  in  district  conventions  for  the 
purpose  of  nominating  congressmen,  presidential  electors  and  dele- 
gates to  the  national  convention. 

First  congressional  district:  The  convention  for  this  district 
nominated  Thomas  J.  Geary  for  representative  in  congress,  by 
acclamation.  Thomas  L.  Thompson  and  Clay  W.  Taylor  were  elected 


582       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

delegates  to  the  national  convention,  with  John  D.  Goodwin  and  H. 
H.  Harris,  as  alternates.  R.  P.  Hammond  was  chosen  presidential 
elector,  and  Henry  Hogan,  alternate.  The  following  resolutions 
were  adopted  : 

Whereas,  After  many  years  passed  in  a  minority,  and  after  the 
experiments  with  expediency  which  are  common  to  minorities,  the 
democratic  party  in  1876,  under  the  leadership  of  Tilden,  planted 
itself  firmly  upon  affirmative  principles  and  won  a  victory;  and 
whereas,  this  affirmation  was  rendered,  vitalized,  and  reasserted 
by  Grover  Cleveland,  with  the  result  of  so  educating  the  country 
that  the  republican  party  was  nearly  expelled  from  representation  in 
the  popular  branch  of  congress ;  therefore  be  it  resolved  by  this  first 
district  convention  of  the  democracy  of  California, 

That  we  charge  our  delegates  to  the  national  convention  to  keep  in 
issue  the  principles  that  will  live  forever  in  the  masterly  statement 
made  by  Mr.  Cleveland,  and  to  recognize  and  obey  the  wish  of  the 
party  that  the  coming  fight  be  made  under  the  leadership  and  can- 
didacy of  Grover  Cleveland,  of  whom  it  may  be  truthfully  said  that 
he  never  dodged  an  issue  nor  evaded  a  responsibility;  who  destroyed 
sectionalism,  defied  the  protected  monopolies,  and  brightened  with 
hope  the  face  of  the  toiler  and  taxpayer;  who  sprung  from  the  peo- 
ple himself,  overcame  the  disinheritance  of  fortune  by  his  own 
exertions,  reaching  the  highest  honors  by  deserving  them,  and  re- 
ceived the  greatest  earthly  trust  by  reason  of  confidence  that  his 
honor  was  equally  great.  Resolved, 

That  under  his  leadership  we  expect  victory  by  deserving  it, 
and  in  the  affections  of  the  people  which  run  to  him  in  every  state 
we  recognize  a  foundation  for  success  which  no  artifice  nor  expendi- 
ture can  displace.  First  amongst  Americans,  foremost  in  courage 
and  patriotism,  we  hereby  record  our  pride  in  him  as  our  country- 
man, our  confidence  in  him  as  a  statesman,  and  our  perfect  trust  in 
him  as  a  party  leader;  and  we  commit  this  estimate  of  him  to  our 
national  delegates,  charging  them  to  faithfully  reflect  our  impression 
in  the  national  convention,  and  by  vote  and  action  to  conform  their 
conduct  thereto. 

Second  congressional  district :  This  convention  nominated  A. 
Caminetti  for  representative  in  congress  ;  J.  A.  Filcher  for  elector, 
and  Charles  Mitchell  for  alternate;  and  elected  R.  D.  Stephens 
and  W.  J.  McGee  delegates  to  the  national  convention,  with  A.  F. 


DISTRICT  DEMOCRATIC  CONVENTIONS.  583 

Jones  and  E.  Armstrong  for  alternates.     The  following  resolutions, 
introduced  by  W.  S.  Leake,  were  adopted  without  opposition: 

Whereas,  We  believe  that  Grover  Cleveland  is  the  first  choice 
and  favorite  of  the  democracy  of  California  and  of  the  United 
States,  as  a  candidate  for  the  presidency;  therefore  be  it  resolved, 

That  it  is  the  wish  of  the  delegates  of  this  district,  representing 
the  will  of  the  people,  that  our  delegates  to  the  national  convention 
reflect  this  first  choice  and  preference  of  the  party  in  their  action 
and  votes  at  Chicago.  Resolved, 

That  the  foregoing  expression  is  our  emphatic  counsel  and  charge 
to  our  representatives,  in  whom  we  expect  fidelity  and  force  in  this 
expression  of  our  will.  Resolved, 

That  we  think  it  neither  wise  nor  safe  to  change  materially  the 
plan  under  which  the  battle  of  1888  was  fought.  We  are  confident 
we  were  right  then,  and  the  right  is  always  the  same.  We  have 
implicit  confidence  in  the  mind  that  conceived  and  the  hands  that 
executed  the  details  of  that  noted  contest.  We  also  believe  in  the 
wisdom,  and  honesty,  and  heroic  courage  of  him  who  has  led  us  in 
that  assault,  and  now,  refreshed,  revived,  united,  and  fearless  in  our 
faith,  we  demand  to  be  led  against  an  enemy  fortified  by  the  spoils 
of  an  oppressive  tariff  levied  upon  the  suggestion  of  private  greed  to 
promote  monopoly  and  extortion,  to  build  up  the  fortunes  of  a  few 
beneficiaries  and  favored  classes  at  the  expense  of  the  general  wel- 
fare, under  the  same  great  general,  Grover  Cleveland. 

Third  congressional  district :  *  The  convention  of  *this  district 
deferred  the  nomination  of  a  congressman  until  a  later  date.  R. 
A.  Long  was  nominated  for  presidential  elector  and  0.  Y.  Brown, 
alternate.  Frank  J.  Mofntt  and  L.  W.  Buck  were  elected  delegates, 
with  Paul  Shirley  and  M.  J.  Laymance  as  alternates.  At  an 
adjourned  meeting  of  the  convention,  held  in  Oakland,  September 
24th,  Warren  B.  English  received  the  nomination  for  congressman, 
by  a  vote  of  51,  to  17  for  H.  C.  McPike. 

Fourth  congressional  district :  By  this  convention  James  G.  Ma- 
guire  was  nominated  for  representative  in  congress ;  Marcus  Rosen- 
thai  for  presidential  elector  and  P.  F.  Dundon  for  alternate.  Jere- 
miah F.  Sullivan  and  Joseph  Clark  were  elected  delegates,  and  A. 
Andrews  and  R.  P.  Dooian,  alternates. 

Fifth  congressional  district:  J.  W.  Ryland  was  nominated  for 
representative  in  congress;  Jackson  Hatch  for  elector  and  J.  C. 
Ruddock  for  alternate.  L.  A.  Whitehurst  and  Thomas  F.  Barry 


584       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS.  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

were  elected  delegates,  with  L.  G.  Flannigan  and  F.  M.  Mills  as 
alternates.  A  resolution  was  passed  indorsing  Cleveland  and  in- 
structing the  delegates  to  support  him  while  he  remained  a  candi- 
date. 

Sixth  congressional  district :  The  nomination  of  a  congressman 
was  postponed.  *  Thomas  Renison  was  nominated  for  elector  and  N. 
A.  Covarrubias  for  alternate.  George  S.  Patton  and  Jesse  D.  Carr 
were  elected  delegates  and  J.  H.  Russell  and  J.  0.  Kays,  alternates. 
At  an  adjourned  meeting  of  the  convention,  held  at  Los  Angeles, 
September  10th,  Marion  Cannon,  the  nominee  of  the  people's  party 
was  nominated  for  congressman,  and  William  Graves  for  elector, 
vice  Renison,  resigned. 

Seventh  congressional  district :  W.  L.  Silman  was  chosen  for 
presidential  elector  and  Charles  F.  Hume  for  alternate.  Henry  W. 
Patton  and  W.  W.  Phillips  were  elected  delegates  to  the  national 
convention,  with  M.  T.  Dooling  and  E.  E.  Young  as  alternates.  A 
resolution  was  unanimously  adopted  instructing  the  delegates  to  use 
all  honorable  means  to  secure  the  nomination  of  Cleveland  for 
president.  The  nomination  of  congressman  was  postponed  until 
August  30th  when,  at  a  convention  assembled  at  Santa  Ana,  Olin 
Wellborn  was  nominated  by  acclamation,  John  R.  Kittrell  with- 
drawing. 

The  prohibition  convention  met  at  Fresno,  May  25th,  with  more 
than  300  delegates  in  attendance.  It  was  called  to  order  by  Henry 
French  of  <he  state  central  committee.  M.  C.  Winchester  was 
elected  temporary  chairman.  The  report  of  the  committee  on  per- 
manent organization,  which  was  adopted,  namecf  P.  T.  Durfy  as 
chairman.  The  committee  on  platform  and  resolutions  consisted  of 
C.  H.  Dunn,  C.  E.  Rich,  A.  J.  Gregg,  L.  W.  Elliott,  Robert  Thomp- 
son, Mrs.  Ada  Van  Pelt,  R.  Summers,  R.  H.  McDonald,  George 
Thresher,  F.  M.  Porter,  James  Hopkins,  Jr.,  H.  C.  Waddell,  Garri- 
son Turner,  F.  M.  Willis,  0.  R.  Dougherty,  and  Mrs.  L.  H. 
Addington.  The  report  of  the  committee  was  considered  seriatim 
and  amended  in  some  particulars.  As  adopted  it  was  as  follows: 

1.  We  hereby  reaffirm    our   allegiance   to   the   platform    of  the 
national  prohibition  party  of  the  United  States. 

2.  We  declare  for  the  suppression   of  the   manufacture,  importa- 
tion, transportation,  exportation,  and  sale  of  all  intoxicating  liquors 
by  both  state  and  nation,  except  for  medicinal  and  mechanical  pur- 
poses. 


PROHIBITION  RESOLUTIONS.  585 

3.  We  declare  in  favor  of  a  suffrage  based   upon  an  educational 
qualification    without    regard  to  sex ;    and    in    this  connection    we 
declare  on  the  question  to  be  submitted  to  the  voters  of  this  state  at 
the    next    election,    of    requiring    an    educational     qualification    of 
voters,  that   every   voter   be   required   to  be  able  to  write   his  own 
name,  and  to  read   any   section   of  the   constitution   in  the  English 
language. 

4.  We  are  in  favor  of  the  government  ownership  and  control  of 
the  railroads,  the  telegraph  and  the  telephone  lines,  and  the  manage- 
ment of  the  same  for  the  public  good. 

5.  The  combination   of  trusts   and    monopolies  to  subsidize    the 
press,  corrupt  legislation,  and  courts  of  justice,  increase  the  price  of 
commodities,  and   oppress  the   wageworker  is  a   usurpation  of  the 
people's  rights,  and    that  we  are  opposed  to  such   monopolies  and 
trusts  in  both  state  and  nation. 

6.  We  favor  a  currency,  issued  by  the  government  alone,  suffi- 
cient in  amount  to  transact  the  business  of  the  country,  not  exceed- 
ing $50  per  capita,  of  gold  and  silver  coin,  and  treasury  notes,  the 
same  to  be  a  full  legal  tender  for  all  debts. 

7.  Our  immigration  laws  should  be  so  revised  and  enforced,  as  to 
exclude  pauper,  vicious,  criminal,  and  other  undesirable  immigrants;     / 
to  extend  the  time   of  residence  required   before  naturalization ;  to 
require  that  no  immigrant  be  naturalized  until  able  to  read  English, 
nor  be  permitted  to  vote  until  fully  naturalized. 

8.  We   favor  the   election  of  United  States  senators  by  a  direct 
vote  of  the  people. 

9.  In  consideration  of  the  great  value  of  the  proposed  Nicaragua 
canal  to  the  commerce  of  the  nation,  we  favor  the  construction  of 
the  same,  and  that   it  be  owned  and  controlled  by  the  general  gov- 
ernment in  the  interest  of  the  people. 

10.  We  declare  for  the  preservation  of  one  day  in  seven,  as  a  day 
of  rest  as  a  civic  institution,  without  oppressing  or  interfering  with 
any  who  observe  any  other  day  of  the  week  as  such  day  of  rest. 

The  following  minority  report  was  read  to  the  convention  : 

11.  We  sympathize  with   those  who  toil  for  the  support  of  them- 
selves and  families,  and   we  heartily  agree  to  assist  them,  through 
their  labor  unions  and  otherwise,  in  all  lawful  means,  to  secure  from 
corporations  and   other  employers  shorter  hours   of  labor,  and  we 
reaffirm  our  former  resolutions  to  give  to  employes  a  Saturday  half- 
.holiday. 


586       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

The  nominations  made  by  the  convention  were  as  follows  :  For 
presidential  electors :  At  large,  R.  H.  McDonald  and  F.  M. 
Porter  ;  first  district,  Archibald  McArthur ;  second  district,  William 
P.  Miller;  third  district,  T.  L.  Hierlihy ;  fourth  district,  H.  H. 
Luse;  fifth  district,  F.  E.  Caton ;  sixth  district,  F.  E.  Kellogg; 
seventh  district,  Samuel  Fowler. 

For  representatives  in  congress  :  First  district,  W.  P.  Stafford ; 
second  district,  Chauncey  H.  Dunn;  third  district,  L.  B.  Scranton  ; 
fourth  district,  Henry  Collins;  fifth  district,  William  Kelly;  sixth 
district,  0.  R.  Dougherty ;  seventh  district,  M.  B.  Harris. 

For  delegates  to  national  convention:  At  large,  Mrs.  E.  P. 
Stevens,  B.  H.  Hoag,  F.  J.  Tuttle,  Robert  Thompson,  J.  M.  Hall, 
Mrs.  L.  H.  Mills,  George  B.  Mclntosh,  John  Bid  well,  M.  0.  Win- 
chester, and  S.  N.  Marsh.  First  district,  J.  R,  Nichol  and  Charles 
T.  Clark.  Second  district,  J.  E.  Barnes  and  James  A.  Anderson ; 
alternates,  W.  H.  Barron  and  M.  A.  Thompson.  Third  district, 
M.  D.  Edholm  and  D.  C.  Taylor.  Fourth  district,  R.  H.  McDonald 
and  Mrs.  M.  F.  Gray ;  alternates,  T.  S.  Harrison  and  J.  S.  Clark, 
Fifth  district,  T.  B.  Stewart  and  C.  B.  Williams.  Sixth  district, 
L.  B.  Palmer  and  Daniel  Tuttle.  Seventh  district,  J.  N.  Crawford 
and  A.  H.  Seccombe  ;  alternates,,  D.  K.  Zum wait  and  J.  S.  Edwards. 

The  convention  adjourned  sine  die,  May  26th. 

The  organization  of  the  people's  party  in  California  was  effected 
at  Los  Angeles,  October  22,  1891,  when  delegates  representing 
the  farmers'  alliance,  patrons  of  husbandry,  and  other  agricultural, 
labor,  and  reform  organizations,  assembled  for  the  purpose  of  form- 
ing a  people's  party  in  the  state,  to  adopt  a  platform,  to  appoint  a 
state  central  committee,  and  to  organize  district  and  county  com- 
mittees. The  convention  included  about  600  delegates.  It  was 
called  to  order  by  M.  Cannon.  H.  F.  Gardner  was  unanimously 
elected  temporary  chairman,  and  afterward  permanent  chairman. 
The  committee  on  platform  and  resolutions  consisted  of  J.  W.  Hines, 
H.  C.  Dillon,  William  Ayers,  William  P.  Rogers,  Mrs.  A.  F. 
Smith,  John  S.  Dore,  C.  W.  Pedlar,  George  Thresher,  J.  C. 
Williams,  Frank  Kelsey,  J.  F.  Greenough,  A.  P.  Merritt,  James 
Morgan,  David  Reed,  and  J.  M.  Sharp.  The  platform,  as  adopted, 
was  as  follows  : 

We,  the  representatives  of  the  industrial  and  reform  organizations 
of  the  state  of  California,  in  convention  assembled  at  the  city  of  Los- 


RESOLUTIONS  OF  PEOPLES  PARTY.  587 

Angeles,  October  22,  1891,  firmly  convinced  that  our  cause  is  just, 
and  that  the  time  has  come  for  independent  political  action,  do 
hereby  submit  to  the  candid  judgment  of  all  men  the  following 
declaration  of  our  principles  and  purposes  : 

That  we  forever  renounce  and  abjure  all  former  allegiance  held  or 
claimed  by  us  in  either  the  republican,  democratic,  or  other  political 
party,  and  severing  our  connection  therewith,  do  hereby  form  and 
organize  in  the  state  of  California  the  people's  party  of  the  United 
States,  and  pledge  to  the  support  of  its  principles  our  lives,  our  for- 
tunes, and  our  sacred  honor. 

That  we  approve  the  action  of  the  convention  of  the  people's  party 
held  at  Cincinnati  on  the  19th  of  May  last,  and  further  demand  : 

1.  The  right  to  make  and  issue  money  is  a  sovereign  power  to  be 
maintained  by  the  people  for  the  common  benefit ;  hence,  we  demand 
the  abolition  of  the  national  banks  as  banks  of  issue,  and  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  national  bank  notes,  we  demand  that  legal  tender  treasury 
notes  to  be  issued  in  sufficient  volume  to  transact  the  business  of 
the  country  on  a  cash  basis  without  damage  or  especial  advantage 
to  any  class  or  calling,  such  notes  to  be  a  legal  tender  in  payment  of 
all  debts,  public  and  private,  and  such  notes,  when  demanded  by  the 
people,  shall  be  loaned  to  them  at  not  more  than  two  per  cent  per 
annum  upon  non-perishable  products,  as  indicated  in  the  sub-treasury 
plan,  and   also  upon  real  estate,   with  proper  limitation  upon  the 
quantity  of  land  and  amount  of  money. 

2.  We  demand  the  free  and  unlimited  coinage  of  silver. 

3.  We  demand  the  passage  of  laws  prohibiting  alien  ownership  of 
land,  and  that  congress  take  prompt  action  to  devise  some  plan  to 
obtain  all  lands  now  owned  by  alien  and  foreign  syndicates,  and  that 
all  lands  held  by  railroads  and  other  corporations,  in  excess  of  such 
as  is  actually  used  and  needed  by  them,  be  reclaimed  by  the  govern- 
ment and  held  for  actual  settlers  only. 

4.  Believing  in  the  doctrine  of  equal  rights  to  all  and  special  privi- 
leges to  none,  we  demand   that  all  taxation — national,  state,  and 
municipal — shall  not  be  used  to  build  up  one  interest  or  class  at  the 
expense  of  another. 

5.  We  demand  that  revenues — national,  state,  or  county — shall  be 
limited  to  the  necessary  expenses  of  the  government,  economically 
arid  honestly  administered. 

6.  We  demand  the  government  ownership  of  all  the  means  and 
agencies  of  public  transportation  and  communication,  and  that  they 
be  operated  in  the  interest  of  the  people  at  actual  cost. 


588       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

7.  We  demand  the  election  of  president,  vice-president,  and  United 
States  senators  by  a  direct  vote  of  the  people. 

8.  We  are  opposed  to  the  saloon  and  liquor  business  in  all  its 
forms. 

9.  We  demand  that  all  government  and  all  public  work  shall  be 
done  by  the  day,  under  proper  superintendents  elected  by  the  people; 
that  eight  hours  only   should  be    a   day's  work  on  the  same,  and 
strictly  enforced ;  that  only  American  citizens,  or  those  who  have 
declared  their  intention  to  become  citizens,  should   be  employed  on 
any  public  work,  and  that  all  manufacturers  should  put  their  names 
on  all  their  goods. 

10.  We    hold   that   no    citizen    of   the  United  States  should  be 
deprived  of  the  electoral  franchise  on  account  of  sex. 

11.  Whereas,   we    believe   the    strong    arm   of    the   government, 
through  its  military  and  police  force,  affords  sufficient  protection  to 
life  and  property;  therefore,  be  it  resolved,  that  we  demand  the  aboli- 
tion of  all  private  armed  bodies  of  men,  such  as  the  Pinkerton  police 
force,  and  that  no  person  or  persons  shall  act  as  militiaman,  policeman, 
or  marshal  unless  duly  appointed  and  commissioned  by  the  govern- 
ment, state,  or  municipality  in  which  they  reside. 

12.  We  demand  that  the  pay  of  the  honorabl}7  discharged   union 
soldiers  which  was  given  to  them  in  depreciated  currency,  worth 
only  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar,  shall  now  be  made  equal  to  the  gold 
paid  the  bondholder. 

A  state  central  committee  was  appointed,  composed  of  one  repre- 
sentative from  each  county  and  several  from  industrial  organizations. 
E.  M.  Wardall  was  elected  chairman  of  the  committee.  The  con- 
vention concluded  its  labors  and  adjourned  October  22d. 

The  second  convention  of  the  people's  party  was  held  at  Stockton, 
June  1st,  1892.  It  was  composed  largely  of  representatives  of  the 
farmers'  alliance,  although  other  labor  organizations  were  repre- 
sented. More  than  175  delegates  were  present  from  thirty-three 
counties.  The  convention  was  called  to  order  by  E.  M.  Wardall  of 
the  state  executive  committee  of  the  party,  and  John  G.  Dawes  was 
elected  temporary  chairman.  The  committee  on  permanent  organi- 
zation recommended  William  Boyne  for  chairman,  and  the  report 
was  adopted.  The  committee  on  platform  and  resolutions  consisted 
of  M.  Cannon,  J.  A.  Johnson,  A.  L.  Warner,  S.  D.  Wheeler,  W.  A. 
Vann,  J.  B.  McCormick,  D.  0.  Feely,  Stephen  Bowers,  and  J.  S. 


CONVENTION  OF  PEOPLE'S  PARTY. 

Dore.     The  committee  reported  the   following,   known  as  the  i%St. 
Louis  platform:" 

1.  We   demand   a    national   currency,   safe,    sound  and    flexible, 
issued  by  the  general  government  only,  a  full   legal   tender  for  all 
debts,  public  and  private;  and  that  without  the  use  of  banking  cor- 
porations, a  just,  equitable  and  efficient  means  of  distribution  direct 
to  the  people  at  a  tax  not  to  exceed  two  per  cent  be  provided,  as  set 
forth  in  the  sub-treasury  plan  of  the  farmers'  alliance,  or  some  bet- 
ter  system  ;  also,   by   payments  in  discharge  of  its  obligations  for 
public  improvements,     (a)   We  demand  free  and  unlimited  coinage 
of  silver,     (b)  We  demand  that  the  amount  of  circulating  medium 
be  speedily  increased  to  not  less  than   fifty   dollars  per  capita,     (c) 
We  demand    a    graduated   income  tax.     (d)  We  believe  that  the 
money  of  the  country   should   be  kept  as  much  as  possible  in  the 
hands  of  the  people,  and  hence   we  demand   all   national   and  state 
revenue  shall  be  limited   to  the   necessary  expenses  of  the  govern- 
ment   economically    and     honestly   administered,     (e)  We  demand 
that  postal  savings  banks  be  established  by  the  government  for  the 
safe  deposit  of  the  earnings  of  the  people  and  to  facilitate  exchange. 

2.  The  land,  including  all  the  natural  resources  of  wealth,  is  the 
heritage  of  all  the  people  and  should  not  be  monopolized  for  specu- 
lative purposes,   and  alien   ownership   of  land  should  be  prohibited. 
All  land  now  held  by  railroads  and   other  corporations   in  excess  of 
their  actual  needs,  and  all   lands  now  held  by  aliens,  should  be  re- 
claimed by  the  government  and  held  for  actual  settlers  only. 

3.  Transportation  being  a  means  of  exchange  and  a  public  neces- 
sity, the  government  should  own  and  operate  the  railroads  in  the  in- 
terest of  the  people.     The   telegraph  and  telephone,   like  the  post- 
office  system,  being  a  necessity  for  the  transmission  of  news,  should 
be  owned  and  operated   by   the  government  in  the  interest  of  the 
people. 

And  also  the  following  resolutions  : 

4.  That  the  people's  party  denounce  the  present  board  of  railroad 
commissioners  for  refusing  to  reduce  the  rates  of  fares  and  freights 
on  the  railroads  of  this  state,   and  that  when   traitors  and  boodlers 
get  into  office  the  remedy  is  not  the   abolition   of  the  office  but  that 
of  the  officers. 

5.  That  the  Traffic  Association  has  our  sympathy  and  support  in 
its  efforts  to  compel  the   railroad  commissioners  to  do  their  duty  in 
regulating  the  fares  and  freights  upon  the  railroads  of  this  state. 


590       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

6.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  free  and  unlimited  coinage  of 
silver,  and  we  denounce  the  republican  party  for  demonetizing  it  in 
1873,  and  the  democratic  party  for  not  remonetizing  it  in  1892;  and 
we  also  denounce  the  scheme  of  both  old  parties  for  calling  a  coun- 
cil of  foreign  aristocrats  to  sit  in  judgment  upon  the  monetary  affairs 
of  this  nation. 

7.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  speedy  construction  of  the  Nicar- 
agua  canal,    and   to   that    end  we  demand  treaty  rights  with  the 
government   of  Nicaragua    before   we  invest  $100,000,000    in  the 
enterprise,  and  that  the  government  of  the  United  States  should 
own  and  operate  the  canal  when  completed,  in  the  interests  of  the 
commerce  of  the  United  States  and  the  world. 

8.  That  we  denounce  the  attempt  now  being  made  to  transfer  the 
government  lands  known  as  arid  lands  to  states  and  territories  as  a 
measure  in  the  interest  of  capital  and  monopoly,  which  must  result 
in  defrauding  honest  settlers  from  acquiring   and  occupying  such 
lands. 

9.  That  we  have  read  the  resolutions  adopted  at  the  labor  conven- 
tion held  in  San  Francisco,  May  24th,  1892,  and  we  extend  to  the 
organizations  represented  in  said  convention  our  cordial  co-operation 
in  their  efforts  to  secure  the  enactment  of  just  laws  for  the  protec- 
tion of  their  rights  and  to  secure  justice  to  the  toilers  in  the  shops 
and  factories  of  the  cities,  and  we  invite  their  hearty  union  with  us 
in  the  same  great  cause. 

The  report  was  adopted.  The  platform  adopted  at  Los  Angeles, 
October,  1891,  was  reaffirmed. 

The  following  were  chosen  as  presidential  electors  :  At  large, 
J.  S.  Dore  and  Stephen  Bowers.  First  district,  A.  L.  Warner ; 
second  district,  J.  N.  Barton ;  third  district,  L.  F.  Moulton ;  fourth 
district,  Thomas  V.  Oator;  fifth  district,  William  McOormick ;  sixth 
district,  W.  C.  Bowman ;  seventh  district,  D.  T.  Fowler. 

The  following  were  elected  delegates  to  the  national  convention  : 
First  district— H.  J.  Ring,  L.  Leighton,  E.  G.  Furber,  and  Carl 
Browne.  Second  district- — 0.  A.  Jenkins,  J.  E.  Camp,  J.  M.  Ben- 
son, and  J.  W.  Schofield.  Third  district— H.  R.  Shaw,  J.  L.  Lyon, 
A.  H.  Rose,  and  J.  R.  Garner.  Fourth  district — J.  A.  Williams, 
J.  C.  Gore,  C.  H.  Johnson,  and  T.  Y.  Cator.  Fifth  district— A.  W. 
Thompson,  E.  M.  Piercy,  D.  C.  Vestal,  and  C.  W.  Pedlar.  Sixth 
district — J.  S.  Loveland,  E.  M.  Hamilton,  J.  0.  Drew,  and  A.  R. 
Hathaway.  Seventh  district — C.  F.  Bennett,  G.  Burns,  W.  Penn 


REPUBLICAN  CONVENTION.  591 

Rogers,  and  B.  F.  Dixon.  At  large — Jesse  Poundstone,  J.  S.  Dore, 
J.  E.  Manlove,  G.  B.  Johnson,  Marion  Cannon,  Mrs.  Nettie  B. 
Snow,  Mrs.  T.  V.  Gator,  and  E.  M.  Wardall. 

For  representatives  in  congress,  the  following  were  nominated  : 
First  district,  C.  C.  Swafford  in  place  of  A.  J.  Bledsoe,  declined ; 
second  district,  H.  B.  Riggins;  third  district,  J.  L.  Lyon ;  fourth 
district,  Edgar  P.  Burman ;  fifth  district,  Jonas  J.  Morrison  ;  sixth 
district,  M.  Cannon ;  seventh  district,  Hiram  Hamilton. 

The  convention  adjourned  sine  die  on  June  2d. 

The  republican  state  central  committee  met  at  San  Francisco, 
June  20th,  and  issued  a  call  for  a  state  convention  to  be  held  in 
Sacramento,  July  26th,  for  the  purpose  of  nominating  presidential 
-electors  and  alternates  and  representatives  in  congress.  The  con- 
vention was  held  in  the  assembly  chamber  of  the  capitol  at  the 
appointed  time  and  was  composed  of  552  delegates.  It  was  called 
to  order  by  F.  H.  Meyers,  chairman  of  the  state  committee.  N.  P 
Chipman  was  chosen  temporary  chairman  by  acclamation,  and  on 
final  organization  was  made  permanent  chairman.  The  committee 
on  platform  and  resolutions  was  composed  of  R.  B.  Carpenter, 
George  Fuller,  George  H.  Crafts,  George  A.  Nourse,  C.  M.  Short- 
ridge,  J.  A.  Louttit,  Obed  Harvey,  Frank  J.  Murphy,  C.  F.  Roberts, 
D.  T.  Cole,  T.  W.  Harris,  A.  Hockheimer,  W.  H.  Dimond,  Drury 
Melone,  and  F.  S.  Chadbourne.  The  committee  reported  the  follow- 
ing resolutions,  which  were  unanimously  adopted  : 

1.  We   reaffirm   the  principles  enunciated  in  the  platform   and 
resolutions  of  the  republican  state  convention,  adopted  at  Stockton, 
May  4,  1892. 

2.  We  adopt  the  platform  and  resolutions   of  the  national  repub- 
lican convention  at  Minneapolis,  June  9,  1892. 

3.  We  hereby  pledge  the  earnest,  cordial,  and  united   support  of 
the  republican  party  to  the  nominees  of  the  Minneapolis  convention, 
Harrison  and  Reid. 

4.  That  in  the  organization  of  the  National  League  of  the  United 
States  and  in  the  American  Republican  College  League,  we  recognize 
able  and  efficient  auxiliaries,  and  welcome  them  to  the  ranks  of  the 
republican  party  and  to  active  participation  in  the  affairs  of  state. 

5.  That  the  republican  party  of  California  has  always  stood  for 
the  material  development  of  the  state  ;  and,  believing  that  increased 
facilities  of  transportation,  both  by  water  and  rail,  will  conduce  to 


592       POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

that  end,  it  demands  from  the  general  government  the  early  com- 
pletion, under  government  control,  of  the  Nicaragua  canal,  and  the 
liberal  expenditure  of  money  to  improve  our  harbors  and  internal 
waterways;  and  it  invites  capital  to  build  into  the  state  other  and 
competing  transcontinental  lines  of  railway,  pledging  protection  and 
support  to  all  instrumentalities  existing  and  to  exist  that  may  pro- 
mote the  general  welfare  and  give  to  the  people  the  benefit  of  the 
law  of  competition. 

6.  That  the  secretary  of  this  convention  be  instructed  to  tele- 
graph oar  representatives  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States,  urg- 
ing the  immediate  passage  of  the  mining  bill,  now  pending  in  that 
body. 

Thomas  R.  Bard  and  J.  C.  Campbell  were  nominated  for  electors  at 
large  by  acclamation,  and  their  alternates,  George  B.  Cook  and  A. 
S.  Hallidie,  were  also  nominated  in  the  same  manner. 

The  delegates,  sitting  in  district  conventions,  made  the  following 
nominations  for  electors  from  their  respective  districts  : 

First  district — William  Carson,  elector,  and  Henry  W.  Walbridge, 
alternate ;  both  by  acclamation. 

Second  district — George  B.  Sperry  for  elector,  and  M.  L.  Mery, 
alternate.  Sperry  afterwards  resigned,  and  M.  L.  Mery  was  substi- 
tuted by  the  state  committee. 

Third  district — James  A.  Waymire  for  elector,  and  W.  P.  Har- 
rington for  alternate. 

Fourth  district — I.  Hecht  for  elector,  and  J.  B.  Stetson  for 
alternate. 

Fifth  district — H.  V.  Morehouse  for  elector,  and  E.  F.  Donnelly 
for  alternate. 

Sixth  district — John  T.  Porter  for  elector,  and  E.  L.  Williams, 
alternate.  Porter  resigned,  and  J.  R.  Willoughby  was  substituted 
by  the  state  committee. 

Seventh  district — S.  L.  Hanscom  for  elector,  and  L.  V.  Olcese, 
alternate. 

For  representatives  in  congress  the  following  were  nominated  by 
the  district  conventions  : 

First  district— E.  W.  Davis,  over  J.  T.  Matlock. 

Second  district — John  F.  Davis,  over  Grove  L.  Johnson. 
'Third  district — S.   G.  Hilborn,  by  acclamation.     He  was  nomi- 
nated also  for  the  short  term,  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Joseph 
McKenna. 


SPECIAL  ELECTION.  593 

Fourth  district — Charles  0.  Alexander,  by  acclamation. 

Fifth  district — Eugene  F.  Loud,  by  acclamation. 

Sixth  district — At  an  adjourned  meeting  of  this  convention,  held 
at  Santa  Cruz,  July  29th,  Hervey  Lindley  was  nominated  by  66 
votes,  to  16  for  H.  W.  Ma  gee. 

Seventh  district — The  delegates  of  this  district  assembled  at 
Merced,  July  25th,  and  nominated  W.  W.  Bowers,  by  acclamation. 

The  state  convention  completed  its  work  and  adjourned,  July  26th. 

The  election  was  held  throughout  the  state  on  November  8th, 
with  the  exception  of  one  precinct  in  Inyo  county,  where  none  was 
held,  owing  to  the  loss  of  the  official  ballots.  Governor  Markham 
issued  the  following  proclamation  for  an  election  to  be  held  in  this 
precinct  on  December  1 3th  : 

STATE  OF  CALIFORNIA,  ) 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT,  j 

Whereas,  a  general  election,  as  required  by  law,  was  held  in  the 
state  of  California  on  Tuesday,  the  8th  day  of  November,  A.  D. 
1892 ;  and  whereas,  the  board  of  supervisors  of  the  county  of  Inyo,  by 
order,  duly  established  an  election  precinct  within  said  Inyo  county, 
known  and  designated  as  Cerro  Gordo  Election  Precinct,  No.  13,  and 
appointed  John  Thomas  inspector  of  elections  for  said  precinct ; 
and  whereas,  John  N.  Yandell  was  duly  nominated  for  the  office  of 
county  clerk,  recorder  and  auditor  of  said  Inyo  county,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  sections  1186  and  1187  of  the  Political 
Code ;  and  whereas,  John  Thomas,  inspector  as  aforesaid,  has  made 
affidavit  that  an  election  was  prevented  in  said  Cerro  Gordo  Precinct, 
No.  13,  Inyo  county,  by  the  loss  or  destruction  of  the  ballots  in- 
tended for  that  precinct,  and  has  transmitted  the  same  to  me,  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  section  1201  of  the  Political  Code; 
and  whereas,  the  said  John  N.  Yandell,  candidate  for  county 
clerk,  recorder  and  auditor  as  aforesaid,  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  said  section  1201,  has  made  application  to  me  for  an  order 
for  a  new  election  in  said  precinct ;  and  whereas,  the  requirements 
of  the  statutes  in  such  cases  made  and  provided  have  in  all  respects 
been  complied  with,  and  it  being  my  duty  by  law  to  order  a  new 
election  in  said  precinct; 

Now  therefore,  I,  H.  H.  Markham,  governor  of  the  state  of  Cali- 
fornia, do  hereby  give  notice  that  an  election  will  be  held  in  said 
Cerro  Gordo  Precinct,  No.  13,  Inyo  county,  state  of  California,  on 

38 


594      POLITICAL  CONVENTIONS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

the  thirteenth  day  of  .December,  A.  D.  1892,  for  all  the  officers  who 
were  to  be  voted  for  at  said  general  election  on  said  8th  day  of  No- 
vember, A.  D.  1892,  in  said  Cerro  Gordo  Precinct,  No.  13,  Inyo 
county,  and  whose  names  were  printed  upon  the  general  ticket  in- 
tended for  said  precinct  at  said  general  election. 

And  I  do  hereby  offer  a  reward  of  one  hundred  dollars  for  the 
arrest  and  conviction  of  any  and  every  person  violating  any  of  the 
provisions  of  title  4,  part  1  of  the  Penal  Code,  said  rewards  to  be 
paid  until  the  total  to  be  hereafter  expended  for  the  purpose  reaches 
the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars. 

In  witness  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused  the 
great  seal  of  state  to  be  affixed  at  Sacramento,  this  twenty-sixth  day 
of  November,  A.  D.  1892. 

H.  H.  MARKHAM. 

Attest:  E.  G.   WAITE,  Secretary  of  State. 

The  returns  showed  that  of  the  presidential  electors  chosen  eight 
were  democratic  and  one  republican.  Of  the  congressmen  three 
were  republicans,  three  democrats  and  one  people's  party,  indorsed 
by  the  democrats.  The  official  returns  were  as  follows  : 

For  presidential  electors  :  Democratic — Filcher,  118,151;  Graves, 
118,109;  Hammond,  118,112;  Hatch,  118,096;  Long,  118,174; 
Lynch,  118,029;  Rosenthal,  118,008;  Silman,  117,962;  Thompson, 
117,840.  Republican— Bard,  118,027;  Campbell,  117,743;  Carson, 
117,747;  Mery,  117,670;  Waymire,  117,717;  Hecht,  117,613; 
Morehouse,  117,711;  Willoughby,  117,605;  Hanscom,  117,504. 
People's  party— Bowers,  25,311;  Dore,  25,254;  Warner,  25,256; 
Barton,  25,243;  Moulton,  25,237;  Cator,  25,229;  McCormick, 
25,217;  Bowman,  25,201;  Fowler,  25,170.  Prohibition— McDonald, 
8,096  ;  Porter,  8,028  ;  McArthur,  8,007;  Miller,  8,029  ;  Hierlihy, 
7,991;  Luse,  7,972,;  Caton,  7,980;  Kellogg,  7,995 ;  Fowler,  7,921. 

For  Congressmen,  first  district— Geary,  19,308;  Davis,  13,123; 
Swafford,  1,546.  Second  district— Caminetti,  20,741;  Davis,  16,781; 
Dunn,  1,307;  White,  122.  Third  district  (unexpired  term)— Hil- 
born,  16,911;  English,  14,493;  Lyon,  4,326  ;  Scranton,  34.  Full 
term— Hilborn,  13,163;  English,  13,138;  Lyon,  3,495;  Scranton, 
671.  Fourth  district— Maguire,  14,997;  Alexander,  13,226;  Bur- 
man,  1,980;  Collins,  296.  Fifth  district— Loud,  14,660;  Ryland, 
13,694;  Morrison,  2,484;  Kelly,  771.  Sixth  district— Cannon, 
20,676;  Lindley,  14,271;  Dougherty,  1,805.  Seventh  district- 
Bowers,  15,856  ;  Wellborn,  14,869;  Hamilton,  5,578;  Harris,  1,844. 


BIOGR  APHIS  AL  SKETSHES  OF  GOVERNORS 

AND 

REGISTER 

OF 

OFFISERS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  SALIFORNIA, 

1849  —  1892. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  GOVERNORS, 


Peter  H.  Burnett. 

Born  in  Nashville,  Tennessee,  November  15,  1807 ;  removed  with  parents 
to  Howard  county,  Missouri,  in  the  fall  of  1817 ;  removed  again  in  1822  to 
Clay  county;  at  the  age  of  eighteen  accepted  the  position  of  clerk  in  a  hotel 
in.  Bolivar,  Hardeman  county,  Tennessee,  at  a  salary  of  $100  per  annum;  in 
the  winter  of  1827  took  charge  of  a  store  on  Clear  Creek,  some  ten  miles  from 
Bolivar,  in  the  employ  of  Rev.  W.  Blount  £eck;  on  the  20th  of  August,  1828, 
married  Miss  Harriet  Rogers ;  continued  in  the  mercantile  business  for  sev- 
eral years,  studying  law  meanwhile;  in  1839  began  the  practice  of  law,  and 
edited  a  weekly  newspaper,  The  Far  West,  published  at  Liberty,  Missouri;  in 
the  same  year  was  appointed  district  attorney  in  a  new  judicial  district,  com- 
posed of  the  counties  of  Clinton,  Andrew,  Buchanan,  Holt,  and  Platte;  in 
1843,  left  Missouri  with  his  wife  and  six  children  for  Oregon;  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  "Legislative  Committee  of  Oregon,"  of  1844,  which  was  composed 
of  nine  members  and  consisted  of  only  one  house;  on  the  18th  of  August, 
1845,  was  elected  by  the  house  of  representatives  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Oregon ;  in  1848,  gold  having  been  discovered  in  California,  he  left  Oregon 
with  a  wagon  party  for  that  territory ;  remained  in  the  mines  until  December 
19,  1848,  when  he  started  for  Sutler's  fort  and  arrived  there  on  December  21; 
was  employed  as  attorney  and  agent  for  General  John  A.  Sutter;  removed 
to  San  Francisco  in  1849,  became  a  member  of  the  legislative  assembly  and 
took  an  active  part  in  its  proceedings;  on  the  13th  of  November,  1849,  was 
elected  governor  of  California ;  resigned  on  January  8th,  1851;  resumed  the 
practice  of  law,  in  partnership  with  C.  T.  Ryland  and  William  T.  Wallace; 
appointed  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  California,  January  13,  1857,  by 
Governor  J.  Neely  Johnson;  in  June,  1863,  was  elected  president  of  the  "Pa- 
cific Accumulation  Loan  Society,"  afterward  the  Pacific  bank  of  San  Fran- 
cisco; resigned  from  the  presidency  of  the  bank  in  1880,  and  is  now  living  in 
retirement. 

John  McDougal. 

Born  in  Russ  county,  Ohio,  in  1818 ;  was  bred  to  mercantile  pursuits ;  re- 
moved to  Indiana,  and  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Mexican  war  was  superin- 
tendent of  the  state  prison  of  that  state ;  was  a  captain  of  volunteers  during 
the  war;  came  to  California  in  1848,  and  engaged  in  mining  and  the  trans- 
portation of  supplies  to  Sacramento;  represented  Sacramento  district  in  the 
constitutional  convention  of  1849;  elected  lieutenant-governor  November  13, 
1849 ;  became  governor  on  the  resignation  of  Governor  Burnett,  and  was 
inaugurated  January  9,  1851;  died  at  San  Francisco  March  30,  1866,  of  apo- 
plexy. 

John  Bigler. 

Born  near  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  January  8, 1806,  of  German  antecedents; 
educated  at  Dickinson  college;  removed  to  Mercer  county  with  his  family; 
learned  the  printing  business  in  Pittsburg;  in  1827  took  charge  of  the  Center 


598  BIOGRAPHIES  OF  GOVERNORS. 

County  Democrat,  and  edited  and  published  it  until  1832;  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1840;  practiced  law  for  nine  years  in  Pennsylvania  and'Illinois;  came  to 
California  in  1849,  arriving  at  Sacramento  August  31st ;  engaged  himself  as 
an  auctioneer,  in  wood-cutting,  mattress-making,  etc. ;  represented  Sacra- 
mento county  in  the  assembly  in  1850  and  1851;  elected  speaker  February  5, 
1850,  and  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  session  of  1851;  elected  governor 
September  3,  1851,  and  re-elected  September  7,  1853 ;  defeated  for  that  office 
in  1855;  appointed  United  States  minister  to  Chili  by  President  Buchanan  in 
1857,  which  office  he  held  until  1861 ;  was  a  democratic  nominee  for  congress 
in  1863,  but  was  defeated;  practiced  law  at  Sacramento;  was  a  delegate  to 
the  national  democratic  conventions  of  1864  and  1868;  appointed  assessor  of 
internal  revenue  for  Sacramento  district  by  President  Johnson  in  1866,  but 
the  appointment  was  not  confirmed ;  in  1867  was  appointed  by  the  President 
one  of  the  commissioners  to- pass  upon  the  Central  Pacific  railroad  work ; 
established  the  State  Capital  Reporter  in  January,  1868,  and  was  its  editor 
until  his  death ;  died  at  Sacramento,  November  29,  1871. 


J.  Neely  Johnson. 

Born  in  Johnson  township,  Gibson  county,  Indiana,  August  2,  1825;  re- 
moved to  Evansville  in  1826 ;  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  before  he 
was  twenty-one;  came  to  California  in  1849,  arriving  at  Sacramento  in  July; 
engaged  in  teaming  and  mining ;  opened  a  law  office  in  a  tent  at  Sacramento ; 
elected  city  attorney  in  the  spring  of  1850 ;  was  elected  as  the  agent  of  the 
state  in  the  autumn  following  to  go  to  the  aid  of  suffering  immigrants ;  ap- 
pointed by  President  Fillmore  special  territorial  census  agent;  appointed 
colonel  on  the  staff  of  Governor  McDougal  in  the  spring  of  1851  and  sent  to 
the  seat  of  the  Mariposa  Indian  troubles;  represented  Sacramento  county  in 
the  assembly  in  1853;  elected  governor  September  5,1855;  early  in  1860  he 
removed  to  Nevada ;  represented  Ormsby  county  in  the  constitutional  con- 
vention of  that  state  in  1863;  was  president  of  the  second  convention  in  1864; 
appointed  a  justice  of  the  Nevada  supreme  court  in  1867,  and  was  elected  to 
that  office  at  the  succeeding  general  election ;  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in 
January,  1871 ;  was  appointed  soon  after  by  the  president  one  of  the  visitors 
and  examiners  of  the  West  Point  military  academy ;  died  at  Salt  Lake  city 
August  31,  1872,  from  the  effects  of  sunstroke. 


John  B.  Weller. 

Born  February  22,  1812,  at  Montgomery,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio;  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Oxford,  Butler  county,  where  he  was  educated  at 
the  Miami  university;  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Jesse  Corwin,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  before  he  had  attained  his  majority;  elected  prosecuting 
attorney  of  Butler  county;  elected  to  congress  from  the  then  second  district 
of  Ohio  in  1838,  and  was  twice  re-elected ;  served  in  the  Mexican  war,  and 
rose  from  the  rank  of  a  private  to  be  colonel ;  ran  for  governor  of  Ohio  in  1848 
on  the  democratic  ticket,  but  was  defeated ;  appointed  by  President  Polk,  in 
January,  1849,  a  commissioner,  under  the  treaty  of  Guadalupe  Hidalgo,  to 
run  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico ;  elected  United 
States  senator  from'California,  January  30, 1852;  elected  governor,  September 
2,  1857 ;  inaugurated  January  8,  1858 ;  appointed  minister  plenipotentiary  to 
Mexico  by  President  Buchanan,  but  was  recalled  by  President  Lincoln; 
located  in  New  Orleans  in  1867,  where  he  died,  August  17,  1875. 


BIOGRAPHIES  OF  GOVERNORS.  599 

Milton  S.  Latham. 

Born  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  May  23,  1827;  graduated  at  Jefferson  college, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1845;  removed  to  Alabama  and  studied  law;  appointed 
clerk  of  the  circuit  court  for  Russell  county  in  1848;  removed  to  California  in 
the  winter  of  1849;  appointed  clerk  of  the  recorder's  court  of  San  Francisco 
in  1850;  elected  district  attorney  of  Sacramento  and  El  Dorado  counties; 
elected  a  representative  in  congress  November  2,  1852 ;  appointed  collector  at 
San  Francisco  by  President  Pierce  in  1855,  and  held  office  until  1857 ;  elected 
governor  September  7,  1859;  resigned  January  14,  1860;  elected  United 
States  senator,  January  11,  1860;  after  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  engaged 
in  business  in  San  Francisco ;  died  at  New  York,  March  4,  1882. 


John  G.  Downey. 

Born  at  Castle  Sampson,  county  of  Roscommon,  Ireland,  June  24,  1827; 
embarked  for  America  at  the  age  of  14;  attended  school  in  Charles  county, 
Maryland ;  at  the  age  of  16  became  an  apprentice  to  a  druggist  in  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. ;  in  1846,  removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  became  a  partner  of 
John  Darling,  a  leading  apothecary  of  that  city ;  came  to  California  by  way 
of  the  Isthmus  in  1849;  obtained  employment  in  the  wholesale  drug  store  of 
Henry  Johnson  &  Co.,  on  Dupont  street,  San  Francisco ;  in  1850,  opened  a 
drug  store  in  Los  Angeles  in  partnership  with  Dr.  McFarland,  of  Tennessee; 
elected  to  the  legislature  in  1856 ;  elected  lieutenant-governor  of  the  state  in 
1859,  and  became  governor  four  days  after  the  inauguration,  Milton  8.  La- 
tham resigning. 

Leland  Stanford. 

Born  near  Albany,  New  York,  March  19,  1824;  his  father  was  a  strong  ad- 
vocate of  the  Erie  canal,  and  among  the  first  promoters  of  the  railroad  be- 
tween Albany  and  Schenectady — the  first  railroad  built  on  the  American 
continent ;  studied  law  but  never  practiced ;  came  to  California  in  1852  and 
engaged  in  mining  and  merchandising;  candidate  for  state  treasurer  on  the 
republican  ticket  in  1857;  republican  candidate  for  governor  in  1859;  elected 
governor  September  4,  1861;  engaged  in  the  work  of  constructing  and  was 
president  of  the  Central  Pacific  railroad,  the  last  spike  of  which  was  driven 
May  8,  1869;  was  president  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  until  April  9, 
1890;  elected  United  States  senator,  January  28,  1885;  re-elected  January  14, 
1891. 


Frederick  F.  Low. 

Born  in  Frankfort,  Maine,  January  30,  1828;  received  a  thorough  English 
education  there;  arrived  in  San  Francisco,  June  14,  1849;  mined  a  few 
months;  engaged  in  business  in  San  Francisco;  commenced  business  as  a 
junker  at  Marysville  in  1855 ;  elected  to  congress  September,  1861 ;  appointed 
collector  of  the  port  of  San  Francisco ;  elected  governor  September  2,  1863 ; 
appointed  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  China,  to 
succeed  J.  Ross  Browne,  September  28,  1869;  engaged  in  the  banking  busi- 
ness in  San  Francisco. 

Henry    H.   Haight. 

Born  in  Rochester,  New  York,  May  20,  1825;  graduated  from  Yale  college 
in  1844 ;  studied  law  in  the  office  of  his  father  at  St.  Louis ;  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Missouri;  practiced  his  profession  there  till  late  in  1849,  when  he  emi- 


600  BIOGRAPHIES  OF  GOVERNORS. 

grated  to  California,  arriving  in  San  Francisco  January  20,  1850;  practiced 
law  in  that  city ;  removed  his  residence  to  Alameda  county  in  1867 ;  elected 
governor  September  4,  1867;  defeated  for  that  office  in  1871;  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  constitutional  convention  June  19,  1878;  died  at  San  Francisco,  Sep- 
tember 2,  1878.  

Newton  Booth, 

Born  in  Washington  county,  Indiana,  December  30, 1825;  in  1841  his  family 
removed  to  Terre  Haute;  was  educated  at  the  Asbury  (now  De  Pauw)  uni- 
versity, and  graduated  in  1846;  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849;  arrived  in  Cali- 
fornia October  18, 1850;  resided  for  a  time  in  Amador  county,  and  located  in 
Sacramento  in  February,  1851  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business;  elected 
senator  from  Sacramento  county  in  1862;  elected  governor  September  6,  1871; 
inaugurated  December  8,  1871;  resigned  February  27,  1875;  elected  United 
States  senator  December  20, 1873,  for  a  term  to  commence  March  4, 1875;  died 
at  Sacramento  July  14,  1892. 


Romualdo  Pacheco. 

Born  at  Santa  Barbara,  California,  October  31,  1831 ;  was  educated  by  pri- 
vate tutors;  engaged  in  nautical  pursuits,  and  subsequently  in  agriculture ; 
was  a  member  of  the  state  house  of  representatives  in  1853;  was  elected 
county  judge  in  1854,  serving  four  years;  was  a  member  of  the  state  senate 
in  1858,  and  again  in  1861 ;  was  elected  state  treasurer  in  1863 ;  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor  in  1871,  and  became  governor  of  the  state  when  Governor 
Booth  resigned  to  become  United  States  senator;  was  nominated  on  the 
republican  state  ticket  for  the  house  of  representatives  of  the  forty-fifth 
congress;  he  was  elected  to  the  forty-sixth,  and  also  to  the  forty-seventh 
congress,  as  a  republican;  during  the  war  he  commanded  the  fifth  brigade  of 
state  militia ;  was  appointed  minister  of  the  United  States  for  the  Central 
American  republics  in  December,  1890. 


William  Irwin. 

Born  in  Butler  county,  Ohio,  in  1827;  was  graduated  at  Marietta  college  in 
1848,  and  went  to  Port  Gibson,  Mississippi,  where  he  taught  school  for  one 
year,  and  then  returned  to  Marietta  college  where  he  taught  until  the  fall  of 
1851 ;  in  the  spring  of  1852  he  sailed  from  New  York  in  the  ship  "Pioneer"  for 
California;  upon  arriving  here  he  took  a  trip  to  Oregon,  returning  to  San 
Francisco  in  1853,  where  he  established  a  lumber  yard  on  the  corner  of 
Market  and  Steuart  streets;  in  the  fall  of  1854  he  removed  to  Siskiyou 
county,  and  for  a  few  years  engaged  in  merchandising;  later  he  purchased 
the  Yreka  Union,  which  he  owned  and  edited  until  the  spring  of  1875 ;  he 
was  elected  to  the  assembly  in  1861,  and  re-elected  in  1862;  was  senator  at 
the  sessions  of  1869-70  and  1871-2,  and  was  re-elected  in  1873;  and  at  the  ses- 
sion of  1873-74  was  elected  president  pro  tern,  of  the  senate;  in  1875,  Xew- 
ton  Booth  having  resigned  the  office  of  governor,  and  Lieutenant-Governor 
Pacheco  assuming  the  office  of  governor,  by  virtue  of  his  office  of  president 
pro  tern.  Irwin  became  lieutenant-governor  and  resident  director  of  the  state 
prison  at  San  Quentin ;  was  elected  in  1875  upon  the  democratic  ticket  as 
governor,  and  held  office  until  January,  1880;  on  March  12,  1883,  was  com- 
missioned by  Governor  Stoneman  one  of  the  harbor  commissioners  for  the 
port  of  San  Francisco.  Died  while  commissioner,  at  San  Francisco,  on 
March  15,  1886,  and  his  remains  were  buried  in  the  state  plot  at  Sacramento 
city. 


BIOGRAPHIES  OF  GOVERNORS.  601 

George  Clement  Perkins. 

Born  in  Kennebunkport,  Maine,  August  23,  1839;  at  the  age  of  12  years 
-secreted  himself  on  the  vessel  "Golden  Eagle"  about  to  sail  for  New  Orleans, 
and  after  leaving  port  was  accepted  by  the  captain  as  one  of  the  crew ;  passed 
•  the  next  four  years  of  his  life  at  sea;  worked  for  several  months  at  placer 
mining  in  the  northern  counties  of  California;  obtained  employment  as 
porter  in  a  store  at  Oroville;  was  promoted  to  a  clerkship  and  finally  became 
owner  of  the  establishment;  in  connection  with  N.  D.  Hideout  and  others 
established  the  Bank  of  Butte  County.  o*f  which  he  became  a  director ;  elected 
to  the  state  senate  for  the  senatorial  district  of  Butte  county  in  1869,  and 
again  in  1873  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Senator  Boucher,  deceased ;  in  1872 
became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Goodall  &  Nelson,  which  was  later  incorpor- 
ated as  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company;  appointed  trustee  of  the 
Napa  state  insane  asylum  by  Governor  Irwin,  in  1876;  in  1879  was  president 
of  the  San  Francisco  Chamber  of  Commerce;  elected  governor  September  3, 
1879;  inaugurated  January  8,  1880;  appointed  in  1888  by  Governor  Water- 
man, trustee  of  the  asylum  at  Berkeley  for  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind,  and 
again  in  1891  by  Governor  Markham;  appointed  trustee  of  the  State  Mining- 
Bureau  in  1889,  by  Governor  Waterman. 


George   Stoneman. 

Born  in  Busti,  Chautauqua  county,  New  York,  Augusts,  1822;  attended 
the  Jamestown  academy,  and  at  the  age  of  20  was  named  by  Hon.  Staley  X. 
Clarke,  congressman  from  that  district,  to  go  to  West  Point;  graduated  with 
high  honors  on  July  1,  1846,  in  company  with  Generals  Geo.  B.  McClellan, 
I.  N.  Palmer  and  others ;  upon  leaving  school  was  promoted  in  the  army  to 
brevet  second  lieutenant,  first  dragoons,  stationed  at  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kansas;  during  the  war  with  Mexico  was  ordered  to  San  Diego,  California, 
and  was  engaged  as  acting  assistant  quartermaster  of  the  Mormon  battalion; 
arrived  at  San  Diego  mission  January  30,  1847,  after  a  long  and  arduous 
march  which  brought  the  first  overland  wagon  tram  to  this  state;  in  1848-49 
was  placed  in  command  of  the  San  Francisco  Presidio ;  served  on  the  Pacific 
coast  until  March  3,  1855 ;  appointed  captain  of  the  second  cavalry  and  re- 
ported at  Jefferson  Barracks,  Missouri,  to  join  his  company;  thence  went  to 
Camp  Cooper,  Texas,  doing  ordinary  frontier  duty  for  several  months;  was 
granted  a  leave  of  absence  for  eighteen  months;  returned  in  1859  and  went 
again  into  active  service,  commanding  the  Pesos  expedition  along  the  Mexi- 
can frontier ;  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion  figured  in  the  defense 
of  the  capital,  and  was  made  major  of  the  first  cavalry ;  was  afterward  chosen 
a  member  of  General  McClellan's  staff;  on  August  13,  1861,  was  made 
brigadier-general  of  the  United  States  volunteers  and  chief  of  cavalry  of  the 
army  of  the  Potomac;  from  March  to  August,  1862,  was  in  the  Virginia 
peninsular  campaign  and  laid  siege  to  Yorktown  on  April  5th;  on  November 
29,  1862,  was  made  major-general  of  the  volunteer  army;  from  December, 
1862,  to  June,  1863,  was  occupied  with  the  army  of  the  Potomac  in  the  Rap- 
pahannock  campaign ;  during  the  engagement  before  Fredericksburg,  partici- 
pated as  commander  of  the  third  corps;  at  the  conclusion  of  that  contest, 
was  made  a  brevet  colonel  of  the  regular  army,  his  promotion  specially 
stating  "for  gf.'lantand  meritorious  service  at  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg;" 
from  January  28  to  April  4,  1864,  was  in  command  of  the  twenty-third  in- 
fantry corps  in  east  Tennessee,  being  promoted  on  March  30th  to  lieutenant- 
colonel,  third  cavalry;  on  July  31, 1864,  was  taken  prisoner  of  war  at  Clinton, 
while  in  command  on  a  raid  to  Macon  and  Andersonville  to  release  union 


602  BIOGRAPHIES  OF  GOVERNORS. 

troops  confined  there;  was  released  on  October  27,  1864,  and  transferred  to- 
the  temporary  command  of  the  department  of  Ohio,  at  Louisville,  Kentucky ;. 
during  the  month  of  December,  1864,  commanded  a  raid  into  southwest. 
Virginia,  successfully  engaging;  in  affairs  at  Kingport,  Bristol  and  Marion 
within  four  days,  and  on  the  21st  capturing  Saltville ;  from  February  14  to 
March  20,  1865,  commanded  the  district  of  East  Tennessee,  after  which  he 
had  charge  of  an  expedition  from  Knoxville,  Tennessee,  to  Asheville,  North 
Carolina,  and  southwest  Virginia;  on  this  march  captured  Wytheville  and. 
Charlottesville;  was  promoted  to  brevet  brigadier-general  of  the  United 
States  army  "for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  capture  of  Charlottes- 
ville;" was  farther  promoted  on  the  same  day  to  brevet  major-general  "for 
gallant  and  meritorious  service  in  the  field  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion;" 
on  April  7, 1865,  destroyed  the  Bristol  and  Lynch  burg  railroad  to  prevent  the 
withdrawal  of  the  enemy  over  that  route;  on  April  15th,  commanded  a, 
brigade  of  cavalry  at  the  capture  of  Talisbury,  North  Carolina;  on  April  20th 
captured  the  garrison  at  Asheville,  North  Carolina;  from  June  7,  1865,  to 
June  5,  1866,  was  stationed  in  command  of  the  department  of  the  Tennessee,, 
engaged  in  mustering  out  troops;  from  June  9  to  August  13,  1866,  com- 
manded the  department  of  the  Cumberland,  and  from  August  13th  to  the 
31st,  the  district  of  the  Cumberland;  on  July  28,  1866,  was  appointed  by 
President  Johnson  colonel  of  the  twenty-first  infantry;  was  mustered  out  of 
the  volunteer  service  September  1,  1866,  being  one  of  the  last  to  go ;  on  De- 
cember 17,  1866,  was  placed  in  command  of  the  district  of  Petersburg, 
Virginia;  011  June  2,  1868,  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  first  mili- 
tary district  of  Virginia,  as  organized  under  the  reconstruction  laws  of 
congress;  was  recalled  from  Virginia  by  President  Grant  and  sent  to 
Arizona,  being  placed  in  command  of  the  district  there;  from  May  3,  1870, 
to  June  4,  1871,  was  in  command  of  the  department  of  Arizona;  on  August 
16,  1871,  retired  from  active  service  for  "disability  contracted  in  the  line  of 
duty;"  moved  with  his  family  to  the  San  Gabriel  valley,  Los  Angeles 
county;  appointed  by  President  Hayes  a  member  of  the  Indian  commission;, 
in  1876,  was  appointed  railroad  commissioner  by  Governor  Irwin,  serving 
until  1879,  when  he  was  elected  by  the  people  to  the  same  position;  elected 
governor  of  California  November  7,  1882;  inaugurated  January  10,  1883. 


[Washington  Bartlett. 

Born  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  February  29,  1824,  being  the  eldest  son  of 
Cosane  Emir  and  Sarah  E.  (Melhado)  Bartlett;  he  was  of  English  puri- 
tan ancestry  on  the  father's  side,  long  domiciled  in  America;  educated 
in  private  schools  in  Georgia  and  Florida;  he  learned  the  printer's  trade 
in  his  father's  office  in  Florida;  was  elected  state  printer  of  Florida  in  1846,. 
and  served  one  term  of  two  years.  Arrived  in  San  Francisco,  California, 
November  17,  1849,  having  come  around  Cape  Horn  in  a  sailing  vessel;  im- 
mediately opened  a  job  printing  office,  having  shipped  from  Charleston,  S. 
C.,  printing  material,  which  arrived  in  advance  of  him;  in  January,  1850, 
issued  the  Daily  Journal  of  Commerce,  which  made  its  appearance  simul- 
taneously with  the  Daily  Alia  California,  the  first  daily  newspapers  published 
in  California;  in  1850,  published  the  first  book  printed  in  California;  lost 
heavily  by  the  destructive  fires  which  visited  San  Francisco  during  the  years 
1850,  1851,  and  1853;  continued  in  the  printing  and  newspaper  business  until 
1857,  being  interested  in  the  publication  of  the  Evening  News  and  True  Cali- 
fornian;  appointed  deputy  county  clerk  of  San  Francisco  in  1857;  elected 
county  clerk  in  1859,  and  re-elected  in  1861;  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  prac- 
ticed law  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  Columbus  Bartlett,  from  1864  to- 


BIOGRAPHIES  OF  GOVERNORS.  603' 

1867,  when  he  was  again  elected  county  clerk  of  San  Francisco  county  and 
served  his  term ;  in  1870  was  appointed  by  Governor  Haight,  state  harbor 
commissioner,  to  fill  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death  of  J.  H.  Cutter;  elected 
state  senator  in  1873,  and  served  term  of  four  years;  went  to  Europe  in  1878, 
and  spent  a  couple  of  years  abroad  and  in  the.  Atlantic  states;  elected  mayor 
of  San  Francisco  in  1882,  and  re-elected  in  1884,  serving  two  full  terms; 
nominated  in  August,  1886,  by  the  democratic  party,  for  governor,  and  was 
elected  by  a  close  vote  over  Hon.  John  F.  Swift,  republican,  although  the 
republican  candidate  for  lieutenant-governor  (R.  W.  Waterman)  and  the 
greater  part  of  the  republican  ticket  were  successful;  inaugurated  governor 
of  California,  January  8,  1887,  and  served  until  his  death,  September  12, 1887; 
in  addition  to  these  public  stations,  Governor  Bartlett  held  many  positions 
of  trust  and  honor,  such  as  president  of  the  "Society  of  California  Pioneers, 
vice-president  of  the  San  Francisco  Savings  Union  bank,  secretary  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  etc. ;  Governor  Bartlett  was  never  married. 


Robert    W.    Waterman. 

Born  in  Fairfield,  Herkimer  county,  New  York,  December  15,  1826;  when 
very  young  moved  to  Sycamore,  Illinois;  was  clerk  in  a  store  until  he  was  20- 
years  of  age,  when  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  011  his  own  respon- 
sibility at  Belvidere,  Illinois;  came  to  California  with  a  party  of  immigrants 
in  1850;  returned  to  Illinois  in  1852  and  published  the  Wilmington  Independ- 
ent; came  again  to  California  in  1873;  established  a  home  in  San  Bernardino 
county,  where  he  resided  until  1890,  when  he  moved  to  San  Diego ;  elected 
lieutenant-governor,  November  2,  1886;  became  governor  on  the  death  of 
Washington  Bartlett,  and  was  inaugurated  September  13,  1887;  died  at  San 
Diego,  April  12,  1891. 

Henry  Harrison  Markham. 

Born  in  Wilmington,  Essex  county,  New  York  on  the  16th  day  of  Novem- 
ber, 1840,  and  received  his  education  at  the  public  and  private  schools  of  his 
native  town,  and  at  Wheeler's  academy,  Vermont.;  he  performed  all  the 
manual  labor  incident  to  a  farm  hand  of  that  day,  and  became  proficient  in 
every  branch  of  farming  as  it  was  then  conducted;  he  removed  to  the  state 
of  Wisconsin  in  1861,  and  entered  the  army  from  that  state;  was  with  Gen- 
eral Sherman  on  his  famous  march  to  the  sea,  and  was  severely  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  Whippy  Swamp,  in  South  Carolina,  on  the  3d  day  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1865,  from  which  wound  he  never  fully  recovered ;  at  the  close  of  the 
war  he  returned  to  Wisconsin  and  studied  law  with  the  noted  firm  of  Waldo, 
Ody  &  Van,  of  Milwaukee;  he  was  admitted  to  the  circuit  and  supreme 
courts  of  that  state,  to  the  United  States  district  and  circuit  courts  for  the 
district  of  Wisconsin,  and  afterward  to  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States ;  he  pursued  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the  city  of  Milwaukee 
until  the  fall  of  1878,  when,  owing  to  the  loss  of  health  and  continued  suffer- 
ing from  his  wound,  he  was  compelled  to  give  up  his  practice;  he  removed 
with  his  family  to  Pasadena,  Los  Angeles  county,  in  this  state,  where  he  has 
since  continued  to  reside;  he  was  successfully  engaged  in  quartz  mining,  of" 
both  gold  and  silver,  in  California,  until  the  summer  of  1884,  when  he  was 
nominated- by  the  republican  party  for  congress  in  the  sixth  congressional 
district,  and  elected ;  he  served  during  the  forty-ninth  congress,  securing  the 
passage  of  many  important  measures  for  the  benefit  of  his  district,  and  espe- 
cially for  Los  Angeles  county;  his  health  not  permitting,  he  was  compelled 
to  refuse  a  renomination  so  flatteringly  tendered  him  by  his  entire  con stit- 


604  BIOGRAPHIES  OF  GOVERNORS. 

uency,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  in  congress  he  retired  to  private  life;  lie 
was  not  permitted,  however,  to  remain  in  retirement  long,  as  the  con- 
gress of  the  United  States  soon  elected  him  one  of  the  managers  of  the  na- 
tional soldiers'  homes  of  the  United  States ;  in  this  position  he  devoted  a 
very  large  amount  of  his  time  to  all  the  homes,  but  especially  to  the  one  at 
Santa  Monica,  and  although  this  service  was  performed  without  compensa- 
tion it  was  a  work  in  which  he  took  a  deep  and  active  interest;  as  a  busi- 
ness man  he  has  been  successful  in  all  his  undertakings,  and  is  now  inter- 
ested in  several  important  business  enterprises ;  he  was  nominated  by  his 
party  and  elected  governor  of  this  State  in  1890,  which  position  he  now 
occupies. 


'REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFISERS, 


Abbott,  Augustus,  Railroad  Commissioner,  First  District,  1887-90. 

Abbott,  C.  8.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Abbott,  J.  P.,  Senator, 'Marin  and  Contra  Costa,  1887. 

Abell,  Alex.  G.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1863.  Died,  San  Francisco,  December 
28,  1890. 

Abies,  T.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1867-68,  1873-74. 

Adams,  A.  C.,  Judge  Eleventh  Judicial  District,  appointed  1869,  elected 
1869. 

Adams,  Alonzo  W.,  Senator,  Butte,  Shasta,  etc.,  1851. 

Adams,  Amos,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1861,  1863. 

Adams,  James,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1880. 

Adams,  L.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1887,  1889. 

Adams,  P.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1893. 

Adams,  W.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare  and  Kern,  1877-78. 

Adkison,  D.  0.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1855,  1863.  Died,  San  Francisco,  No- 
vember 3,  1SS7. 

Aitkin,  John  R.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Diego  County,  elected  1888. 

Aldrich,  Lewis,  Judge  Sixth  Judicial  District,  elected  1851.  Died,  San 
Francisco,  May  19,  1S85. 

Aldrich,  W.  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1871-72,  1873-74. 

Alexander,  Charles  0.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1887,  1889;  Harbor  Com- 
missioner, 1889- 

Alexander,  J.  K.,  Superior  Judge,  Monterey  County,  elected  1879,  1884. 

Alexander,  J.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus,  1891. 

Alford,  W.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare,  1893. 

Allen,  Charles  C.,  Adjutant-General,  1891- 

Allen,  Charles  D.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1877-78. 

Allen,  E.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1863-64. 

Allen,  Isaac,  Senator,  Yuba,  1858,  1859. 

Allen,  J.  M.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1879. 

Allen,  James,  State  Printer,  1856-58.     Died,  Washoe,  Nevada,  October  31, 1863. 

Allen,  James  M.,  Adjutant-General,  1868-70. 

Allen,  R.  G..  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1863. 

Allen,  Samuel  I..  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1885. 

Alley,  S.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1863- 64. 

Almy,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1885. 

AlvaVado,  Juan  B.,  Governor  under  Mexican  rule,  1836-42.  Died,  San- 
Pablo,  July  13,  1882. 

Alviso,  Valentine,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1881. 

Amerige,  George,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862. 

Amerman,  I.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1873-74.  Died,  San  Leandro, 
February  14,  1877. 

Ames,  A.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1891. 

Ames,  J.  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1877-78;  Warden  of  State  Prison 
at  San  Quentin,  1880-83. 

Ames,  T.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1862,  1863. 

Amyx,  Fleming,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1855,  1861.  Died,  Stockton,  No- 
vember 4,  isoi. 

Anderson,  Alexander,  Senator,  Tuolumne,  1852;  Supreme  Justice,  1852. 

Anderson,  Francis,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1854;  Senator,  Sierra,  1863. 

Anderson,  J.  W.,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction)  1891- 

Anderson,  James,  Senator,  Placer,  1858,  1859,  1860.  Died,  Auburn,  October 
12,  1866. 

Anderson,  R.  M.,  Lieutenant-Governor,  1856-58.  Died,  Swan  Lake,  Arkan- 
sas, March  24,  1872. 

Anderson,  T.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Napa,  1857,  1858. 

Anderson,  W.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1893. 

*  Officials  holding  by  appointment,  such  as  trustees  of  institutions,  commissioners 
etc.,  with  few  exceptions,  are  not  included  in  this  list. 


606  REGISTER   OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Anderson,  W.  F.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78.    Died.  Idaho,  July 

7,  1883. 

Anderson,  W.  L.,  Senator,  Napa,  Lake,  and  Sonoma,  1880,  1881. 

Andrews,  A.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1863.     Dead. 

Andrews,  A.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1856,  1869-70,  1871-72;  Member 
Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Trinity  and  Shasta  District. 

Andrews,  Moses,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1855.  Died,  Aiiburn,  December  9, 
1883. 

Andross,  Moses  C.,  Senator,  Tuolumne,  1871-72,  1873-74.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, June  15,  1881. 

Androus,  S.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1893. 

.Angelotti,  Frank  M.,  Superior  Judge,  Marin  County,  elected  1890. 

Angney,  W.  Z.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1867-68;  Senator,  Santa  Clara, 
1875-76,  1877-78.  Died,  Gilroy,  January  28,  1878. 

Anthony,  Elihu,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1880. 

Anthony,  William,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1865-66.  Died,  Livermore, 
January,  1890. 

Appling,  P.  C.,  Assemblyman, -Fresno,  1869-70. 

Aram,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  San  Jose  District,  1849-50;  Member  First 
Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San  Jose  District. 

Archer,  Lawrence,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1875-76. 

Arguello,  Jose  Dario,  Governor  under  Spanish  rule,  1814-15.  Died,  Guada- 
lajara, 1828. 

Arguello,  Louis,  Governor  under  Mexican  rule,  1823-25.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, March  27,  1830. 

Arick,  Rufus  E.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare  and  Kern,  1881;  Superior  Judge, 
Kern  County,  elected  1884,  1890.  Died,  Bakersfield,  December  31,  1890. 

Arms,  Charles  S.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891;  Senator,  1893- 

Armstrong,  C.  B.,  Superior  Judge,  Amador  County,  appointed  1886, 
elected,  1886,  1890.  Died,  Jackson,  Amador  County,  November  9,  1892. 

Armstrong,  John  W.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1870-82;  Superior  Judge, 
Sacramento  County,  appointed  1883,  1886,  elected  1888. 

Armstrong,  William  R.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1859. 

Arnot,  N.  D.,  Superior  Judge,  Alpine  County,  elected  1879,  1884, 1890. 

Arrillaga,  Jose  Joaquin,  Governor  under  Spanish  rule,  1792-94,  1800-14. 
Died,  Soledad,  1857. 

Arlington,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Klamath,  1855. 

Ashe,'R.  I.,  Assemblyman,  Kern  and  Ventura,  1885. 

Ashley,  D.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1854,  1855;  Senator,  Monterey  and 
Santa  Cruz,  1856,  1857;  President  pro  tern.,  1856;  State  Treasurer,  1862-63. 
Died,  San  Francisco,.  July  18,  1873. 

Asmussen,  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78. 

Atherton,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1887,  1889. 

Atwell,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare  and  Kern,  1883. 

And,  Francis  L.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1858,  1859. 

Aull,  T.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1857. 

Avery,  Benjamin  P.,  State  Printer,  1862-63.     Died,  Peking,  China,  November, 

8,  1875. 

Averv,  John  M.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1861,  1862. 

Axtell,  Samuel  B.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1867-70.  Died,  New  Jersey, 
August  6,  1891. 

Ayer,  Isaac,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1865-66,  1867-68. 

Ayers,  James  J.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Fourth  Congressional  District;  State  Printer,  1883-86;  Trustee  State 
Library,  1885-86. 

Aylett,  W.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1854. 

Babcock,  Jasper,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1860. 

Backus,  Samuel  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78;  Adjutant- 
General,  1880-82.  . 

Bacon,  P.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1871-72. 

Badgley,  William  H.,  Judge  Sixteenth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1862, 
elected,  1862. 

Badlam,  Alex.,  Jr.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1863-64. 

Baechtel,  Martin,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1861. 

Baehr,  Ferdinand,  State  Treasurer,  1871-75. 

Bagge,  T.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1875-76.  Died,  Oakland,  March  26, 
1886. 

-Bagley,  John  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1854.    Dead. 


REGISTER  OF  STA  TE   OFFICERS.  607 

Bailey,  D.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1860.  Died,  Mountain  View, 
September  9,  1888. 

Bailey,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1860. 

Bailey,  Hiram,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1887. 

Bailey,  W.  C.,  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1891,  1893. 

Baird,  Curtis,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1871-72. 

Baird,  J.  H.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1853. 

Baker,  F.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1881. 

Baker,  George  F.,  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1880,  1881;  President  pro  tern., 
1880.  Died,  San  Francisco,  March  11,  1882. 

Baker,  James  H.,  Senator,  Placer,  1858,  1859. 

Baker,  John  E.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1881.  Died,  Sacramento,  May  2, 
1881. 

Baker,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Tulare,  1855;  Senator,  Tuolumne  and 
Fresno,  1862,  1863.  Died,  Bakersfield,  November  24,  1872. 

Baldwin,  D.  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50;  Tuolumne, 
1851.  Dead. 

Baldwin,  F.  T.,  Senator,  San  Joaquin,  1883,  1885;  Superior  Judge,  San  Joa- 
quin County,  appointed  1886. 

Baldwin,  Joseph  G.,  Supreme  Justice,  1858.  Died,  San  Francisco,  September 
29,  1864. 

Ballou,  S.  A.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1854,  1858;  Senator,  Plumas 
and  Butte,  1859,  1860. 

Banburv,  J.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1885. 

Bangs,  V.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus,  1889. 

Banks,  James  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1858,  1859,  1861,  1863; 
Senator,  San  Francisco,  1862.  Killed  by  Indians  in  Nevada,  August  1, 1867. 

Banks,  W.  O.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1889,  1891. 

Banning,  Phineas,  Senator,  Los  Angeles,  1865-66,  1867-68.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, March  8,  1885. 

Banvard,  E.  M.,  Senator,  Placer,  1869-70,  1871-72. 

Barber,  T.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76. 

Barbour,  Clitus,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Barbour,  William  T.,  Judge  Tenth  Judicial  District,  elected  1851,  1852. 
Died,  Virginia  City,  Nev.~,  May  11, 1872. 

Barclay,  James,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1863. 

Barclay,  William  P.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1859. 

Bard,  Thomas  R.,  Presidential  Elector,  1893. 

Barlow,  Chas.  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1893. 

Barker,  S.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1871-72. 

Barklage,  William,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1871-72. 

Barker,  C.  0.,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1893. 

Barnard,  T.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1891. 

Barnes,  B.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Plumas  and  Lassen,  1871-72. 

Barnes,  D.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1883,  1885. 

Barnes,  William  H.  L.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878- 
79,  First  Congressional  District;  Presidential  Elector,  1888. 

Barnett,  A.  T.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 

Barnett,  J.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1891. 

Barnett,  Robert,  AssembljTman,  Colusa,  1885. 

Barrett,  H.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1857. 

Barri,  Felipe  de,  Governor  under  Spanish  rule,  1771-74. 

Barry,  Edmund,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Nevada  and  Sierra  District. 

Barry,  Michael  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 

Barry,  Thomas  F.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

Barstow,  George,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862,  1863,  1877-78;  Speaker 
of  the  House,  1862.  Died,  San  Francisco,  September  9,  1883. 

Bartlett,  Columbus,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  Washington  Bartlett. 

Bartlett,  Washington,  County  Clerk  of  San  Francisco,  1859-63,  1867-69; 
Harbor  Commissioner,  1870-71;  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1873-74,  1875-76; 
Mayor  of  San  Francisco,  1883-85;  Governor,  1887.  Died,  Oakland,  Septem- 
ber '12,  1887. 

Barton,  Benjamin,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1862. 

Barton,  Hiram  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1887. 

Barton,  W.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1862,  1863. 


608  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Barton,  James  X.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1873-74;  Member  Second5 
Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Mendocino,  Humboldt,  and  Del 
Norte  District. 

Bass,  J.  S.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity  and  Shasta,  1880.  Died,  Redding,  Janu- 
ary 7.  1892. 

Bassham,  W.  R.,  Senator.  San  Jose  District,  1849-50. 

Batchelder,  A.  JM  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1856, 1865-66,  1867-68. 

Bateman,  E.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50. 

Bates,  Fordyce,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1859. 

Bates,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1855;  State  Treasurer.  1856-57.  Died, 
San  Francisco,  November  18,  1862. 

Battelle,  T.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1867-68. 

Battles,  William  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862. 

Baughman,  W.  E.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1891. 

Bausman,  William,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  J.  Neely  Johnson. 

Bayley,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado  and  Alpine,  1871^72,  1883. 

Beach,  D.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1860. 

Beach,  Horace,  Senator,  Yuba  and  Slitter',  1867-68,  1869-70.    Dead. 

Beaman,  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1863-64. 

Beamer,  R.  H.,  Member  of  State  Board  of  Equalization,  1891- 

Beard,  E.  B,,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus,  1883,  1885. 

Beard,  J.  S.,  Superior  Judge,  Siskiyou  County,  elected  1890. 

Beard,  Joseph  R.,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1855-56.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, 1882. 

Beatty,  E.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1855, 1856, 1857 ;  Speaker,  1857.    Dead. 

Beatty,  William  H.,  Trustee  State  Library,  1886-87;  Chief  Justice,  1888- 

Beauvais,  A.  B.,  Senator,  Tuolumne,  1885.    Died,  Columbia,  June,  1886. 

Beazell,  James,  Senator,  Alameda,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Beck,  Thomas,  Senator,  Santa  Cruz  and  Monterey,  1871-72,  1873-74;  Sec- 
retary of  State,  187^80. 

Beckman,  William,  Railroad  Commissioner,  First  District,  1891- 

Beecher,  J.  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1891. 

Beerstecher,  Charles  J., 'Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
San  Francisco  District;  Railroad  Commissioner,  Second  District,  1880-82. 

Beeson,  J.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1863. 

Belcher,   Isaac    S.,  Judge    Tenth    Judicial  District,  elected  1863;  Supreme- 
Justice,  1872-73;    Member  Second   Constitutional  Convention,   1878-79, 
Third  Congressional  District;  Trustee  State  Library,  1882-90;  Supreme 
Court  Commissioner,  1884- 

Belcher,  W.  C.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1866-70. 

Belden,  David,  Senator,  Nevada,  1865-66,  1867-68;  Judge  Twentieth  Judi- 
cial District,  appointed  1872,  elected  1873;  Superior  Judge,  Santa  Clara 
County,  elected,  1879,  1884.  Died,  San  Jose,  May  14,  1S8S. 

Bell,  Aaron,  Superior  Judge,  Shasta  County,  elected  1879,  1884. 

Bell,  John  C.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  i860.  Shot  and  stabbed  by  Dr.  W. 
H.  Stone,  in  the  State  Capitol,  April  11,  1860,  and  died  on  the  15th.  ' 

Bell,  Peter,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San  Fran- 
cisco District. 

Bell,  Robert,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1871-72. 

Bell,  Samuel,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1853;  State  Controller,  1854-55. 

Bell,  Samuel  B.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1862;  Senator,  Santa  Clara  and 
Alameda,  1857, 1858. 

Bell,  Vincent  G.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1856.  Died,  San  Francisco,  July 
24, 1880. 

Bennett,  A.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1880. 

Bennett,  A.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1893. 

Bennett,  C.  F.  Assemblyman,  Orange  County,  1893. 

Bennett,  F.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sari  Francisco,  1851. 

Bennett,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1854. 

Bennett,  M.  P.,  Superior  Judge,  El  Dorado  County,  elected,  1890. 

Bennett,  Nathaniel,  Senator,  San  Francisco  District,  1849-50;  Supreme 
Justice,  1849-51.  Died,  San  Francisco,  April  20, 1886. 

Benton.  John  E.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1862;  Senator,  Sacramento, 
1863-64,  1865-66.  Died,  Oakland,  February  18,  1888. 

Berry,  Campbell  P.,  Assemblyman,  Slitter,  1869-70,  1871-72,  1875-76,  1877-78; 
Speaker  of  the  House,  1877-78;  Representative  to  Congress,  1879-82. 

Beny,  George  S.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare,  1889;  Senator,  Inyo,  Tulare,  and 
Kern,  1891,  1893. 


REGISTER   OF  STATE  OFFICERS.  609 

Berry,  J.,  Senator,  Klarnath,  Siskiyou,  etc.,  1858,  1859;  Member  Second 
Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Siskiyou  and  Modoc  District. 

Bert,  Eugene  F.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 

Betge,  R.  J.,  Senator,  San'Francisco,  1869-70,  1871-72.    Dead. 

Bever,  Tunis  S.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1867-68.  Died,  Sacramento,  No- 
vember 87,  1878. 

Bibb,  D.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

Bidwell,  Jobn,  Senator,  Sacramento  District,  1849-50;  Representative  to 
Congress,  1865-67;  Trustee  State  Normal  School  at  Chico,  1887- 

Bigelow,  Samuel  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862. 

Biggs,  Marion,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1867-68,  Butte,  1869-70;  Mem- 
ber Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Third  Congressional  Dis- 
trict ;  Commissioner  to  attend  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  Inaugura- 
tion of  George  Washington  as  President  of  the  United  States,  1888; 
Representative  to  Congress,  1887-91.  * 

Biggs,  Marion,  Jr.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1875-76. 

Biggy,  W.  J.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1893. 

Bigler,  John,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1849-50,  1851;  Speaker  of  the 
House,  1851;  Governor,  1852-56;  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1870-71.  Died, 
Sacramento,  November  29,  1871. 

Bird,  A.  B.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1867-68. 

Birdseye,  J.  C.,  Senator,  Nevada,  1863. 

Birney,  T.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1875-76,  1881. 

Black'  H.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 

Black,  Joseph  F.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1885.  Died,  San  Francisco,  May 
9,  1887. 

Blackburn,  William,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1856.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, March  25,  1867. 

Blackmer,  Eli  T.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Diego  District. 

Blackwell,  S.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Blair,  A.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1861. 

Blake,  George  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1853.  .  Died,  Water  ford, 'New 
York,  August  27,  1854- 

Blake,  M.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1857. 

Blake,  Seth  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78. 

Blakeley,  F.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare,  1893. 

Blanchard,  D.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1852. 

Blanchard,  George  A.,  Superior  Judge,  Colusa  County,  appointed  1881. 

Blanchard,  N.  W.',  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1863. 

Blankeiiship,  J.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1869-70. 

Bledsoe,  A.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1865-66. 

Bledsoe,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman.  Hnmboldt,  1891,  1893. 

Bliss,  Simeon  M.,  Judge  Tenth  Judicial  District,  elected  1858.  Died, 
Marysville,  May  25,  1887. 

Blue,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1875-76. 

Bockius,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1871-72. 

Bod-ley,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1851.  Died,  San  Jose,  Septem- 
ber 27,  1878. 

Bogardus,  Eda-ar,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1855.    Dead. 

Bogart,  J.  C.,  Senator,  San  Diego,  etc.,  1862,  1863.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
August  15,  1876. 

Boggs,  H.  C.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Napa, 
Lake,  and  Sonoma  District. 

Boggs,  John,  Senator,  Colusa,  etc.,  1871-72,  1873-74,  1887,  1889;  Director 
Napa  State  Insane  Asylum,  1876-80;  Member  State  Board  of  Agriculture, 
1880-84,  1884-88,  1888-92,  1892- ;  Penology  Commissioner,  1885;  State 
Prison  Director,  1885-87. 

Boggs,  L.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1852.    Died,  Sonoma,  March  11,  1861. 

Bolander,  H.  N.,  State 'Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  1871-75. 

Boles,  John  L.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1855. 

Bondurant,  James  M.,  Judge  Thirteenth  Judicial  District,  elected  1863. 
Died,  Visalia,  November  10,  1865. 

Bones,  J.  W.,  Senator,  Alameda,  1877-78. 

Booker,  Samuel  A.,  Judge  Fifth  Judicial  District,'elected.l869,  1875.  Died, 
Stockton,  December  15,  1891. 

Boone,  John  L.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1885. 

39 


610  REGISTER  OF  STA  TE   OFFICERS. 

Booth,  Andrew  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883;  Trustee  of  State 
Library,  1886-90. 

Booth,  Newton,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1863;  Governor,  1871-75;  United 
States  Senator,  1875-81;  Commissioner  of  the  Funded  Debt  Sinking  Fund 
of  Sacramento,  1886-92.  Died,  Sacramento,  July  14,  1892. 

Borica,  Diego  de,  Governor  under  Spanish  rule,'  1794-1800.  Died,  Durango, 
July,  1800. 

Boring,'  Samuel  W.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1856;  Senator,  Santa  Clara, 
1877-78. 

Borland,  John,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1856. 

Boruck,  Marcus  D.,  Secretary  of  the  Senate  Twenty-third  and  Twenty- 
fourth  Sessions;  Director  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  1880;  Private  Sec- 
retary to  Governor  R.  W.  Waterman. 

Bosquit,  John,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1865-66.  Died,  near  Lincoln,  Novem- 
ber 9,  1868. 

Bost,  John  W.,  Surveyor-General,  1867-71;  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and 
Merced,  1881,  1887. 

Bostwick,  John  H.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1853,  1854. 

Botts,  Charles  T.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Monterey 
District;  Judge  Sixth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1857;  State  Printer, 
1860-61.  Died,  San  Francisco,  October  4,  1880. 

Boucher,  David,  Senator,  Plumas,  1871-72.  Died,  Dayton,  Butte  County,  Sep- 
tember 16,  1872. 

Boucher,  Josiah,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Butte  District.  Died,  Indiana,  August  9,  1892. 

Boulware,  M.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter,  18H3-64. 

Bowe,  James  E.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1856. 

Bowers,  S.  C.,  Assemblym'an,  Marin,  1883. 

Bowers,  Thomas  J.,  Superior  Judge  Marin  County,  elected  1879. 

Bowers,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1873-74;  Senator,  San  Bernar- 
dino and  San  Diego,  1887,  1889;  Trustee  State  Normal  School  at  Los 
Angeles;  Representative  to  Congress,  1891,  1893. 

Bowie,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa,  1854. 

Bowman,  James,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863-64,  1865-66. 

Bowman,  John  H.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  I860. 

Boyce,.  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 

Boyston,  John  S.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1877-78.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
December  15,  1883. 

Brackett,  J.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma  District,  1849-50. 

Bradford,  A.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1854;  Presidential  Elector, 
1856;  Judge  Thirteenth  Judicial  District,  elected  1867.  Register  U.  S. 
Land  Office.  Died,  Alameda  County,  February  15,  1891. 

Bradford,  John  S.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma  District,  1849-50,  1851.  Died, 
Springfield,  III.,  January  28,  1892. 

Bradley,  B.  T.,  Senator,  Calaveras  and  Amador,  1859,  1860. 

Bradley,  E.  L.,  Senator,  Placer,  1865-66,  1867-68.  Died,  San  Jose,  July  17, 
1880. 

Bradley,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1871-72,  1873-74,  1875-76. 

Bradley,  L.  R.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1861.  Died,  Elko,  Nev.,  March 
21,' 1879. 

Braley,  M.  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1865-66.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
September  7,  1868. 

Branch,  L.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus,  1881. 

Brannan,  Samuel,  Presidential  Elector,  1864.  Died,  Escondido,  San  Diego 
County,  May  5,  1889. 

Brannan,  T.  J.j  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 

Braunhart,  Samuel,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880. 

Braynard,  C.  P.,  Superior  Judge,  Tehama  County,  elected  1882, 1884. 

Breckinridge,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1883.  Died, 
Merced,  May  9,  1892. 

Breen,  James  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Benito,  1877-78;  Superior  Judge,  San 
Benito  County,  elected  1879,  1884,  1890. 

Brent,  J.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Los  .Angeles,  1856,  1857. 

Bretz,  A.  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1893. 

Brewster,  John  H.,*  Surveyor-General,  1856-58. 

Brewton,  J.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1855. 

Briceland,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Shasta  and  Trinity,  1875-76,  1883;  Senator, 
Trinity,  Siskiyou,  etc.,  1887,  1889. 


REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS.  611 

Brickwedel,  H.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 
Bridgeford,  E.  A.,  Superior  Judge,  Colusa  County,  elected  1884,  1890. 
Brieiiy,  J.  R.,  Assistant  Secretary   of  Senate,  "1880;  Journal  Clerk  of  the 

Senate,  1881;  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1887, 1889;  Speaker  pro.  tern., 

1887.    Died,  San  Joxe,  January  6,  1891. 
Briggs,  Alfred,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1854,  1859. 
Briggs,  H.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1861. 
Briggs,  R.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1858;  Superior  Judge,  Mono  County, 

elected  1879,  LS84.     Died,  Bridgeport,  December  8,  1886. 
Britt,  E.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Lake,  1885. 

Britt,   James  E.,   Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887;  Senator,  San  Fran- 
cisco, 1889,  1891. 

Brocklebank,  M.  T.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  John  B.  Weller. 
Brockway,  8.  W.,  Judge  Eleventh  Judicial  District,  elected  1863.    Died,  San 

Mateo,  March  31,  1869. 
Broderick,  David  C.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1849-50,  1851,  1852;  President 

of  the  Senate,  1851 ;  Lieutenant-Governor,  1851 ;   United  States  Senator, 

1857-59.     Died,  San  Francinco,  September  16,  1859. 
Broderick,  John  T.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1891,  1893. 
Broderick,  William,  Assemblyman.  San  Francisco,  1875-76,  1877-78. 
Broderson,  B.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1867-68. 
Brooks,  George  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863-64. 
Brooks,  J.  Marion,  Senator,   Ventura,  etc.,  1883;  Assemblyman,  Kern  and 

Ventura,  1887. 

Brooks,  Max,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1877-78, 1880. 
Brooks,  Samuel  H.,  State  Controller,  1860-61. 

Brown,  A.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Amador  and  Alpine,  1863-64,  1865-66,  1869-70. 
Brown,  Alex.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1891. 
Brown,  C.  L.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1871-72. 
Brown,    Elam,   Member  'First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,    San   Jose 

District;  Assemblyman,  San  Jose  District,  1849-50;  Contra  Costa,  1851. 

Died,  August,  1889. 

Brown,  Frank  M.,  Senator,  San  Joaquin,  etc.,  1885. 
Brown,  H.  M.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1855.    Dead. 
Brown,  H.  R.  K.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1880. 
Brown,  J.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1869-70. 
Brown,  J.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1889. 
Brown,  J.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1880,  18C1. 
Brown,  James  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 
Brown,  John  Q.,  Mayor  of  'Sacramento,  elected  1881,  1884;   Director  of  ISTapa 

Insane  Asylum /appointed  1887.     Died,  San  Francisco,  December  21,  1892. 
Brown,  Joseph  C.,  Assemblyman,  Tulareand  Kern,  1863-64,1865-66, 1867-68; 

Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Tulare  District. 
Brown,  Joseph  E.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1862. 
Brown,  L.  H.,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1891- 
Brown,  R.  L.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1883. 
Brown,  Thomas  A..  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1865-66,  1867-68;  Superior 

Judge,  Contra  Costa  County,  elected  1879,  1884.    Died,  Martinez,  August  5, 

1889. 

Brown,  Warren,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1855. 
Brown,  William  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 
Brown,  William  B.  C.,  State  Controller,  1876-80;  Presidential  Elector,  1880. 

Died,  Sacramento,  April  12,  1882. 
Brown,  William  E.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governors  Leland    Stanford  and 

Frederick  F.  Low. 
Brown,  William  H.,  Senator,  El  Dorado  and  Alpine,  1877-78,1880-81;  Harbor 

Commissioner,  San  Francisco,  1889- 
Browne,  J.  Ross,    Reporter  First    Constitutional  Convention,  1849.    Died, 

Oakland,  December  8,  1875. 

Brownlie,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 
Bruner,  Elwood,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1880,  1891. 
Brundage,  B.,  Superior  Judge,  Kern  County,  elected  1879. 
Branson,  Anson,  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  elected  1884. 
Brunton,  T.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Tuqlumne,  1856.    Dead. 
Brush,  G.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1856.     Died,  Los  Angeles,  January  IS, 

1859. 
Brush,  Jesse  D.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1852,    1853.    Died,  New     York, 

January  31, 187L 


612  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Brusie,  Jud.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1887;  Sacramento,  1891. 

Brusie,  L.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1880.    Died,  lone,  May  28,  1887. 

Brvan,  Charles  H..  Senator,  Yuba  and  Sutter,  1854;  Supreme  Justice, 
*  1854-55.  Died,  Carson  City,  Nevada,  May  14,  1877. 

Bryan,  W.  E.,  Assemblyman',  Sacramento,  1873-74. 

Bryant,  Fred.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1891. 

Buck,  George  H.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Mateo  County,  elected  1890. 

Buck,  L.  W.,  Senator,  Solano  and  Yolo,  1883. 

Buck,  S.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1859. 

Buckbee,  J.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Plumas  and  Lassen,  1867-68.  Died,  Stock- 
ton, June  28,  1873. 

Buckles,  A.  J.,  Superior  Judge,  Solano  County,  elected  1884,  1890. 

Buckley,  John  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 

Buckley,  J.  P.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1863-64.  Died,  San  Francisco,  No- 
vember 17,  1864- 

Buckley,  W.  S.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Joaquin  County,  elected  1879. 

Budd,  James  H.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1883-85. 

Budd,  Joseph  H.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Joaquin  County,  elected  1888, 1890. 

Buel,  David  E.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1858.    Died,  St.  Louis,  March,  1888. 

Buell,  W.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Klamath,  1861. 

Buff'am,  A.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1863-64. 

Buffum,  E.  Gould,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1855.  Died,  Paris,  De- 
cember 26,  1867. 

Bugbee,  S.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1865-66.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
'September  1,  1877. 

Buhlert,  Julius,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 

Bulla,  R.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1893. 

Burbank,  Caleb,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1858;  Judge  Fourth  Judi- 
cial District,  elected  1858;  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1861.  Died,  Stockton, 
May  5,  1888. 

Burbank,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1875-76. 

Burch,  John  C.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1857;  Senator,  Humboldt  and 
Trinity,  1858,  1*59;  Representative  to  Congress,  1859-61;  Code  Commis- 
sioner, appointed  1870.  Died,  Sun  Francisco,  August  31,  1885. 

Burckhalter,  J.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare  and  Kern,  1871-72.  Died,  Santa 
Rosa,  October  28,  1883. 

Burdick,  James,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1859. 

Burke,  Bare,  Senator,  San  Matep  and  Santa  Cruz,  1893. 

Burke,  E.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1855;  Judge  Thirteenth  Judicial  Dis- 
trict, elected  1855,  1861.  Died,  San  Francisco,' April  28,  1892. 

Burke,  T.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 

Burnell,  R.,  Assemblyman  (Speaker),  Amador,  1861;  Senator,  Amador,  1862, 
1863, 1863-64;  President  protein.,  1863-64.  Died,  Napa,  February  13,  1880. 

Burnett,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 

Burnett,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 

Burnett,  Peter  H.,  Governor,  1849-50;  Supreme  Justice,  1857,  1858. 

Burnett,  W.  C.,  Senator,  Yuba  and  Sutter,  1856,  1857. 

Burnett,  William,  Senator,  Sonoma,  1869-70.     Died,  Petaluma,  April  G,  1870. 

Burns,  Daniel  M.,  Secretary  of  State,  1880-83;  Police  Commissioner,  San 
Francisco,  1892- 

Burns,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880,  1881. 

Burns,  W.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1857. 

Burr,  James,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1863. 

Burson,  L.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1860. 

Burt,  Samuel  B.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1873-74;  Senator,  Placer,  1880,  1881; 
Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Placer  District. 

Burton,  E.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1854;  Senator,  Nevada,  1855,  1856, 
1858,1859;  State  Controller,  1857-58.  Died,  Denver,  Colorado,  May  12,  1891. 

Burwell,  Lewis,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1889. 

Bush,  C.  W.,  Senator,  Los  Angeles,  1873-74,  1875-76. 

Bush,  E.  R.,  Superior  Judge,  Yolo  County,  elected  1879. 

Butler,  A.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare,  1887. 

Butler,  T.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1863. 

Byers,  James  D.,  Assemblyman,  Lassen  and  Plumas,  1873-74;  Presidential 
Elector,  1884. 

Bvington,  Lewis,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1877-78.  Died,  San  Francisco,  June 
"  30,  1886. 

Bynum,  Edward,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1856.  Died,  Woodland,  October  8, 1881. 


REGISTER   OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  613 

Bynum,  Sarshall,  Senator,  Napa,  Solano,  and  Yolo,  1856,  1857.  Died,  Lake- 
port,  November  19,  1876. 

Byrnes,  James,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1873-74;  Senator,  San  Francisco 
and  San  Mateo,  1880,  1881,  1887,  1889,  1891. 

Cabaniss,  T.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1853.  Died,  San  Francisco,  July  16, 
1SS7. 

Cahalan,  Chris.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1859. 

Caine,  Philip  P.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1859.  Died,  Suite  County,  January 
14,  1S64. 

Calderwood,  M.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1869-70. 

Caldwell,  A.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1853. 

Galdwell,  A.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter,  1852. 

Caldwell  John,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1858,  1859;  Superior  Judge,  Nevada 
County,  elected  1879,  1890. 

Caldwell,  William,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1867-68. 

Callaghan,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 

Callahan,  James,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

Callbreath,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus,  1856.  r 

Caminetti,  A.,  Assemblyman,  Arnador,  1883;  Senator,  Amador  and  Cala- 
veras,  1887,  1889;  Commissioner  Marshall  Monument,  1887;  Representa- 
tive to  Congress,  1891,  1893- 

Cammett,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1855.    Dead. 

Campbell,  A.,  Jr.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,. 
'  Alameda  District. 

Campbell,  A.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1851. 

Campbell,  Alexander,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1861;  Judge  Twelfth 
Judicial  District,  elected  1860.  Died,  Oakland,  February  16,  1888. 

Campbell,  F.  M.,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  1880-83. 

Campbell,  G.  J,  Senator,  Solano,  1889,  1891. 

Campbell,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa,  1889. 

Campbell,  J.  S.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1863-64,  1865-66. 

Campbell,  James  B.,  Judge  Thirteenth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1875; 
Superior  Judge,  Fresno  County,  elected  1884. 

Campbell,  John  'Lloyd,  Superior  Judge,  San  Bernardino  County,  elected 
1888. 

Campbell,  John  T.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1883. 

Campbell,  R.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Dei  Norte  and  Siskiyou,  1887;  Senator,. 
Trinity,  Siskiyou.  etc.,  1891,  1893. 

Campbell,'  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Calaveran,  1862.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
December  30,  1862. 

Campbell,  Thompson,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863-64.  Died,  San 
Francisco,  December  7,  1868. 

Campbell,  W.  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1860. 

Camron,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1880,  1881. 

Canavan,  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1867-68. 

Canfield,  R.  B.,  Superior  Judge,    Santa  Barbara  County,  appointed  1886. 

Canrield,  W.,  Assemblyman,  Kern  and  Tulare,  1873-74. 

Cannay,  Patrick,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1852,  1853;  Speaker  pro  tern.  As- 
sembly, 1853.  Died,  San  Francisco,  March  1,  1857. 

Cannon,  F.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1859. 

Cannon,  Marion,  Representative  to  Congress,  Sixth  District,  1893- 

Caperton,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1857. 

Caples,  James,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Sacra- 
mento District. 

Cardoza,  J.  N.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1853. 

Card  well,  H.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento  District,  1849-50.  Died,  Los 
Angeles,  July  4,  1859. 

Cargill,  C.  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Benito,  1P91. 

Carhar.t,  George,  Assemblyman,  Colusa,  1853. 

Carillo,  Joaquin,  Judge  Second  Judicial  District,  elected  1852,  1858. 

Carillo,  Jose  A.,  Member  First  Constitution*.' 1  Convention,  1849,  Los  An- 
geles District.  Died,  Santa  Barbara,  April  %5,  1862. 

Carillo,  Pedro  G.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1854. 

Carlock,  A.  B.,  Senator,  Modoc,  Shasta  and  Trinity,  1880,  1881. 

Carlson,  W.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1893. 

Carnes,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1851;  Judge  Second  Judicial 
District,  appointed  1852. 

Carothers,  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1869-70. 


614  REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS. 

Carothers,  Thomas  L.,  Presidential  Elector,  1888;  Director  Mendocino 
State  Insane  Asylum,  1889-91,  1891- 

Carpenter,  G-.  J.,  Senator,  El  Dorado.  1857,  1858;  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado, 
1875-76;  Speaker  of  the  House,  1875-76;  Supreme  Court  Reporter,  1878-80; 
Railroad  Commissioner,  First  District,  18*3-86. 

Carpenter,  J.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1857. 

Carpenter,  R.  B..  Senator,  Los  Angeles  and  Orange,  1891,  1893. 

Carpentier,  H.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1853. 

Carr,  C.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1854. 

Carr,  Ezra  S.,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  1875-80. 

Carr,  Jesse  D.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1851;  Member  State  Board  of 
Agriculture,  1889-. 

Carr,  Seymour,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1880,  1887. 

Carr,  T.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1880. 

Carroll,  H.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1887. 

Carson,  James  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, May  2,  1888. 

Carter,  G.  W'.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1883,  1835. 

Carter,  George  E.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1891. 

Carter.  H.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1875-76.  Died,  lone,  February  24, 
1886. 

Carter,  John,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1873-74. 

Carter,  R.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1885. 

Cartter,  George  H.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1856.    Dead. 

Cary,  J.  C.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1879. 

Gary,  L.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1883.     Died,    Oakland,  September  16, 

1 QQQ 

Casserly,  Eugene,  State  Printer,  1851-52;  United  States  Senator,  1869-73; 
Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  First  Congressional 
District.  Died,  San  Francisco ,  June  14,  1883. 

Cassin,  George,  Assemblyman,  Xevada,  1857. 

Casterline,  W.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1893. 

Castro,  Estevan,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  etc.,  1857,1863-64. 

Castro,  Jose,  Governor  under  Mexican  rule,  1835-36. 

Castro,  Manuel  A.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  etc.,  1856,  1863. 

Catlin,  A.  P.,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1853,  1854;  Assemblyman,  Sacramento, 
1857;  Member  of  the  Board  of  Equalization,  1872;  Superior  Judge,  Sacra- 
mento Countjr,  elected  1890. 

Cave,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquiri  District,  1849-50.  Died,  San  Jose, 
February  28,  1851. 

Cavis,  Joseph  M.,  Senator,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1863;  Judge  Fifth  Judicial 
District,  elected  1863.  Died,  Stockton,  January  4,  1892. 

Cazneau,  Thomas  N.,  Adjutant-General,  1870-71.  Died,  San  Francisco,  July 
11,  1873. 

Center,  Samuel  H.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1871-72. 

Chalmers,  Robert,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1871-72. 

Chamberlain,  C.  H.,  Senator,  San  Joaquin,  1862,  1863;  Assemblyman,  San 
Joaquin,  1865-66.  Died,  Oakland,  July  10,  1890. 

Chamberlain,  E.  K.,  Senator,  Los  Angeles  and  San  Diego,  1849-50;  Presi- 
dent pro  tern,  of  the  Senate,  1849-50.  Died  at  Sea,  December,  1852. 

Chamberlain,  T.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1880. 

Chandler,  A.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter,  1873-74,  1880,  1881;  Senator,  Yuba 
and  Sutter,  1883,  1885,  1887.  Died,  Sutter  County,  November  5,  1888. 

Chandler,  T.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1861. 

Chapman,  Augustus  H., 'Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878- 
79;  State  Prison  Director,  1880-83. 

Chapman,  J.  W.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Lassen  and  Plumas,  1875-76. 

Chapman,  M.  C.,  Assemblvman,  Alameda,  1889. 

Chappell,  J.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1863,  1863-64,  1865-66;  Senator, 
Shasta  and  Trinity,  1867-68,  1869-70.  Died,  Redding,  May  2,  1885. 

Charles,  J.  M.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention, '1878-79,  Sonoma 
District. 

Chase,  E.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1865-66. 

Chase,  S.  H..  Senator,  Nevada,  1857,  1858,  1860,  1861.  Died,  Stockton,  Octo- 
ber 28,  1869. 

Chase,  Warren  S.,  Senator,  Santa  Barbara  and  Ventura,  1880,  1881. 

Chauncev,  David  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1852.  Died,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  July  5,1881. 


REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  615 

Chellis,  J.  F.,  Lieutenant-Governor,  1862-63.    Died,  Oregon,  September  17, 1883. 

Chenery,  Richard,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1857,     Dead. 

Cheney,  \V.  A.,  Senator,  Butte,  Plumas,  and  Lassen,  1880,  1881;  Superior 
Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  elected  1884. 

Cherry,  John  W./ Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1858,  1859,  1861,  1863-64. 
Died,  San  Francisco,  July  25,  1885. 

Chico,  Mariano,  Governor  under  Mexican  rule,  1836. 

Childs,  William,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1861. 

Chipman,  H.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1893. 

Church,  A.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1867-68.  Died,  Oakland,  Septem- 
ber 1,  1889. 

Claflin,  C.  L.,  Superior  Judge,  Modoc  County,  elected  1890. 

Clark,  A.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1885. 

Clark,  J.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1858. , 

Clark,  J.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1873-74. 

Clark,  J.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1877-78. 

Clark,  J.  R.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1863. 

Clark,  J.  W.,  Senator,'  San  Francisco,  1863. 

Clark,  Jonathan,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1875^76. 

Clark,  L.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1867-68.  Died,  Marysville,  January  15, 
1886. 

Clark,  R.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Plurnas,  1863-64. 

Clark,  Reese,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1891. 

Clark,  Reuben,  Assemblyman,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1883. 

Clark,  Robert,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1861.  Died,  Cambridgeport , 
June  10,  1875. 

Clark,  Robert  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1857;  Senator,  Sacramento, 
1860,  1861;  County  Judge,  Sacramento,  1878-79;  Superior  Judge,  Sacra- 
mento County,  elected  1879.  Died,  Sacramento,  January  27,  1883. 

Clark  W.  H.,  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  appointed  1888, 
elected  1888,  1890. 

Clarke,  S.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1849-50. 

darken,  R.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76. 

Clayes,  0.  M.,  State  Printer,  1863-67.     Died,  San  Francisco,  June  23,  1892. 

Clayton,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863-64,  1865-66;  Repre- 
sentative to  Congress,  1873-75.  Died,  Oakland,  October  4,  1885. 

Clayton,  J.  E.,  Assemblvman,  Yuba,  1855. 

Cleary,  Nicolas,  Judge  Thirteenth  Judicial  District,  elected  1858. 

Clement,  W.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1883. 

Clingan,  D.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1854. 

Clough,  F.  M.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1882.  Died,  Stock- 
ton, February  14,  1888. 

Clough,  G.  G.,  'Judge  Twenty-first  Judicial  District,  elected  1877;  Super- 
ior Judge,  Plumas  County,  elected  1879,  1884,  1890. 

Clunie,  Thomas  J..  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1875-76;  Senator,  San 
Francisco,  1887;  Representative  to  Congress,  1889-91. 

Coats,  T.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Klamath,  1852. 

Cochran,  R.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1867-68. 

Coflfey,  James  V.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76;  Superior  Judge, 
San  Francisco,  elected  1882,  1888. 

Coffey,  M.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 

Coffman,  W.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Maripnsa  and  Merced,  1880. 

Coffroth,  James  W.,   Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1852;  Senator,  Tuolumne, 

1853,  1854,  1856,  1857 ;  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1870-72.    Died,  Sacramento, 
October  9,  1872. 

Coggins,   Paschal,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,   1867-68,  1873-74.     Died,  San 

'Francisco,  November  18.  1883. 
Coghlan,  John  M.,  Assemblyman,  Napa  and  Lake,  1865-66;  Representative 

to  Congress,  1871-72.    Died,  Alameda,  March  26.  1879. 
Cohen,  Richard,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 
Coil,  B.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra.  1857.    Died,  Laporte,  January  29,  1865. 
Colbert,  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San    Francisco,   1887.    Died,   San  Francisco, 

November  8,  1888. 

Colby,  Getjrge  H.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1885. 
Colby,  Gilbert  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1852;  Senator,  Sacramento, 

1854,  1855.     Died,  San  Francisco,  August  20,  1881. 

Cole,  Cornelius,  Representative  to  Congress,  1863-65;  United  States  Sena- 
tor, 1867-73. 


616  REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS. 

Coleman,  Cyrus,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  Alpine,  etc.,  1871-72,  1880,  1881; 
Alpine,  Mono,  and  Inyo,  1889. 

Coleman,  E.  J.,  Bank  Commissioner,  1878-82. 

Coleman,  J.  V.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1883,  1885. 

Coleman,  John  C.,  Senator,  Nevada,  1877-78. 

Coleman,  William,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1859,  1861. 

Colgan,  E.  P.,  State  Controller,  1891- 

Collier,  M.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1865-66. 

Collins,  J.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1876-76. 

Collins,  James,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1862,  1863.  Died,  Nevada  City,  July 
18,  1864. 

Coltrin,  C.  W.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1861. 

Cornte,  A.,  Jr.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1867-68;  Senator,  Sacramento, 
1869-70, 1871-72. 

Condee,  George  M.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1859. 

Condon,  John  D.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Cone,  George,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1856.  Died.  Red  Bluff,  Novem- 
ber 12,  1883. 

Cone,  Joseph  S.,  Railroad  Commissioner,  First  District,  1880-82. 

Conger,  Charles  C.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1880,  188..  Died,  Oakland,  June 
6,  1888. 

Conklin,  Alvah  R.,  Presidential  Elector,  1884;  Superior  Judge,  Kern 
County,  appointed  1801. 

Conklin,  E.  B..  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1887,  1889. 

Conly,  John,  Senator,  Butte,  Plumas,  etc.,  1867-68,  1869-70.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco. September  27,  1883. 

Conn,  W.  A.,  Assemblyman.  San  Bernardino,  1860;  Senator,  San  Diego, 
etc.,  1867-68,  1869-70. 

Conness,  John,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1853,  1854,  1860,  1861;  United 
States  Senator,  1863-69. 

Connolly,  D.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1867-68;  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, January  21,  1872. 

Connolly,  David' \V.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1859.     Dead. 

Connolly,  James  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78. 

Connolly,  W.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  etc.,  1871-72. 

Conroy,  M.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
February  4,  1887. 

Conway,  Bernard,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 

Cook,  J.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou  and  Modoc,  1880. 

Cook,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1885. 

Cook,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1851. 

Cook,  John,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus,  1855. 

Cook,  John,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1852. 

Cooke,  Martin  E.,  Senator,  Sonoma,  etc.,  1851,  1852.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
April  14,  1857. 

Cooley,  C.  EL,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1877-78. 

Cooley,  F.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1887.  Died,  San  Francisco,  Novem- 
ber 24,  1890. 

Coombs,  Frank  Leslie,  Assemblyman,  Napa,  1887,  1889,  1891;  Speaker  of 
the  House,  1891;  Minister  to  Japan,  appointed  March  30.  1892, 

Coombs,  N.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1883.  Died,  Marysvttle,  January  17, 
1888. 

Coombs,  Nathan,  Assemblyman,  Napa,  1855,  1860.  Died,  Napa,  December 
26,  1877 . 

Coombs,  Thomas  M.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1856.  Drowned  in  Santa 
Clara  County,  December,  1858. 

Cooper,  Joel  H.',  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1871-72. 

Cooper,  L.  F.,  Assemblyman.  Del  Norte,  1880. 

Cope,  Jesse,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1887. 

Cope,  W.  B.,  Superior  Judge,  Santa  Barbara  County,  elected  1890. 

Cope,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1859;  Supreme  Justice,  1859-64; 
Chief  Justice,  1863-64 ;  Supreme  Court  Reporter,  1883-87. 

Corcoran,  H.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1880,  1885. 

Corcoran,   John  M.,   Superior  Judge,  Mariposa  County,  elected  1879,  1884, 

Corey,  Benjamin,  Assemblyman,  San  Jose  District,  1849-50. 
Corey,  William,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1855. 


REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  617 

Cornwall,  P.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento  District,  1849-50. 

Cornwell,  George  X.,  Assemblyman,  Napa,  1854,  1875-76. 

Coronel,  Antonio  F.,  State  Treasurer,  1867-71. 

Coronel,  M.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1869-70. 

Cory,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1865-66. 

Cosby,  George  B.,  Journal  Clerk  of  the  Senate,  1875-76,  1877-78;  Adjutant- 
General,  1883-87;  Recording  Clerk  in  Office  of  Secretary  of  State,  1888-90. 

Cosby,  John  D.,  Senator,  Trinity  and  Klamath,  1856,  1857.  Died,  Yreka, 
May  15,  1861. 

Cott,  Juan  Y.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1862;  Senator,  Santa  Barbara,, 
etc.,  1863-64. 

Coulter,  John.  Senator,  Butte  and  Plum  as,  1858. 

Councilman,  E.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1861. 

Covarrubias,  .).  M.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San 
Luis  Obispo  District;  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1849-50,  1851,  1852, 
1853,  1855,  1X56,  1857,  1860,  1861.  Died,  Santa  Barbara,  April  1,  1871. 

Covington,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Mendocinp,  1875-76.     Dead. 

Cowden,  D.  H.  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Yuba 
District. 

Cowdery,  J.  F.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1873-74,  1880;  Speaker  of 
the  House,  1880. 

Cox,  Frederick,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1878-82,  Senator,  Sacramento, 
1883,  1885;  Member  of  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  1887-90, 1890—;  elected 
President  of  Board,  1891,  1892- 

Crabbe,  Henry  A.,  AssemblynuMi,  San  Joaquin,  1852;  Senator,  San  Joaquin, 
etc.,  1853, "1854.  Killed  at  Cavorca,  Mexico,  April7,  1857. 

Craig,  J.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Cram,  E.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1891. 

Crandall,  A.  W.,  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1887,  1889,  1891. 

Crandall,  Dwight,  Senator,  Calaveras  and  Amador,  1856,  1F57, 

Crane,  A.  M.,  Senator,  Alameda,  1862,  1863,  President  pro  tern.,  1863;  Su- 
perior Judge,  Alameda  County,  elected  187'J.  Died,  Oakland,  October  20, 1887. 

Crane,  E.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1871-72. 

Crane,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  Colusa,  etc.,  1851;  Monterey,  1858. 
Died,  Monterey,  November,  1868. 

Crane,  L.  D.,  Senator,  Yuba  and  Sutter,  1871-72,  1873-74. 

Crane,  W.  H.,  Senator,  Butte,  etc.,  1877-78. 

Crane,  W.  W.,  Jr.,  Senator,  Alameda,  1863-64;  Presidential  Elector,  1864^ 
Trustee  of  State  Library,  1882-83.  Died,  Oakland,  July  31,  1883.  - 

Crank,  J.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1881. 

Cravens,  Robert  O.,  State  Librarian,  1870-82;  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Sen- 
ate, 1883. 

Crawford,  C.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Lake,  1889. 

Crawford,  J.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1863. 

Crawford,  R.  F.,  Superior  Judge,  Sonoma  County,  elected  1890. 

Creaner,  Charles  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50;  Judge  of 
Fifth  Judicial  District,  elected  by  Legislature.  1850,  elected  1852,  1858. 
Died,  Stockton,  December  7,  1882. 

Creighton,  Daniel  J.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1885. 

Crenshaw,  George  H.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1859. 

Crenshaw,  John  T.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1853;  Senator,  Nevada,  1854, 
1855.  Killed  at  the  Battle  of  Vicksburg,  1863. 

Cressler,  W.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1873-74. 

Crigler,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Napa  and  Lake,  1867-68,  1869-70. 

Criminins,  P.  J.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1887. 

Crittenden,  A.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles  District,  1849-50;  Santa- 
Clara,  1852;  Supreme  Court  Reporter,  1870.  Shot  by  Laura  D.  Fair,  died 
San  Francisco,  November  5,  1870. 

Crittenden,  R.  D.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1360,  1861. 

Crocker,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1861.  Died,  Monterey,  Au- 
gust 14,  1S8S. 

Crocker,  E.  B.,  Supreme  Justice,  1863.     Died,  Sacramento,  June  24,  1875. 

Crockett,  J.  B.,  Supreme  Justice,  1868-79.   Died,  Fruitvale.,  January  15,  1884. 

Cronan,  W.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

Crosby,  E.  0.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Sacramento 
District;  Senator,  Sacramento  District,  1849-50,  Yuba  and  Sutter,  1851. 

Cross,  C.  W.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Nevada 
District;  Senator,  Nevada  and  Sierra,  1883,  1885. 


618  REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS. 

Cross,  W.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  Tulare  County,  elected  1S79,  1884,  1890. 
Crouch,  Robert,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Napa 

District;  Superior  Judge,  Napa  County,  elected  1884. 
Crowell,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1860. 
Crump,  R.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  Lake  County,  elected  1890. 
Crumpton,  H.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Lake,  1881,  1*83. 
Crutcher,  W.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1875-76. 
Culver,  C.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1885.     Dead. 
Culver,  E.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1889,  1891. 
Culver  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 
Cunnard,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1862. 
Cunningham,  J.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1881. 
Cunningham,    Lewis,   Senator,    Yuba,    1863,    1863-64,  1865-66.      Died,   San 

Francisco,  October  25,  1S79. 

Cunningham,  N.  C.,  Assemblvman,  Sierra,  1855. 
Cunningham,  W.  F.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1855. 
Cunningham,  W.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare,  1891. 
Cureton,  W.  H.,  Assemblvman,  Mendocino,  1867-68. 
Currey,  Robert  J.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1887. 
Curr/,  C.  Forest,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 
Curry,  John,  Supreme  Justice,  1864-68;  Chief  Justice,  1866-68. 
Curtis,  D.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1»58. 
Curtis,  E.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1855,  1856.    Dead. 
Curtis,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 

Curtis,  J.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1857.     Died,  Stockton.  November  18,  1872. 
Curtis,  N.  Greene,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1861;  Senator,  Sacramento, 

1867-68,  1869-70,  1877-78. 

Curtis,  Samuel  T.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1860. 
Cusick,  T.  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco  1893. 
Cuthbert,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880. 
Cutler,  John,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1852. 
Cutler,  Nathan,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1859. 
Cutter,  William  M.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1883. 
Cutting,  John  T.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1891-93, 
Daggett,  John,  Assemblvman,  Humboldt  and  Del  Norte,  1859,  I860;  Siskiyou 

and  Modoc,  1881;  Lieutenant-Governor,  1883-87;  World's  Fair  Commis- 
sioner, 1891- 
Daingerfield,   W.   P.,   Judse  Ninth  and  Twelfth  Judicial  Districts,  elected 

1854,  1858,  1859,  1860,  1875;  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1879. 

Died,  tian  Francisco,  May  5,  1880. 

Daly,  James  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco, '1885,  1891. 
Dameron,  William  B.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1852. 
Damron,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1889. 
Dana,  Charles  W.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  etc.,  1862.    Dead. 
Dana,  William  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1855. 
Dannalls,  C.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1854. 
Dannals,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1871-72. 
Dare,  John  T.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1877-78. 
Dargie,  W.  E.,  Senator,  Alameda,  1889,  1891. 
Davidson,  E.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1857. 
Davidson,  T.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1854. 
Davies,  William  A.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  Mono,  etc.,  1867-68. 
Davis,  B.  K.,  Assembly  man /Tuolumne,  Mono,  etc.,  1862. 
Davis,  Caswell,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1856. 
Davis,  E.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1859. 
Davis,  Edwin  A.,  Senator,  Yuba  and    Slitter,  1880,  1881;    Superior  Judge, 

Sutter  and  Yuba  counties,  appointed  1891. 
Davis,  F.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1863. 
Davis,  H.  B.,  Assembfyman,  Merced  and  Stanislaus,  1873-74. 
Davis,  Hamlet,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Nevada 

District. 
Davis,   Horace,   Representative  to  Congress,   1877-81;  Presidential  Elector, 

1884;  President,  of  State  University,  1888-90. 
Davis,  John,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1887,  1889. 

Davis,  John  F.,  Superior  Judge,  Amador  County,  appointed  December,  1892. 
Davis,  N.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1858. 
Davis,  Winfield  J.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1885. 
Dawley,  I.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1854.    Dead. 


REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  619 

Day,  Sherman,  Senator,  Alameda  and  Santa  Clara,  1855,  1856.   Died,  Berkeley, 

"  December  14,  1884. 
Days,   John  M.,   Assemblyman,    Nevada,    1867-68,    1871-72;    Senator,    San 

Francisco,  1885. 

Deal,  W.  Grove,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento  District,  1849-50. 
Dean,    J.     E.,    Member     Second    Constitutional    Convention,    1878-79,    El 

Dorado  and  Alpine  District. 
Dean,  Peter,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1877-78. 
Dean,  Seneca,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1862. 
Deering,   Alexander,   Judge    Thirteenth   Judicial  District,  appointed  1865, 

elected  1873.    Died,  Merced,  December  18,  1875. 

Deeth,   Jacob,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863.    Died,  San  Rafael,  Jan- 
uary 16,  1879. 
De  Haven,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Humbojdt,   1869-70;  Senator,  Del  Norte, 

Klamath,   etc.,    1871-72,'    1873-74;    Superior    Judge,  Humboldt  County, 

elected  1884;  Representative  to  Congress,  1889-91;  Supreme  Justice,  1891- 
De  Haven,  W.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1871-72. 
De  la  Guerra,  Antonio  M.,  Senator,  Santa  Barbara  and   San  Luis  Obispo, 

1852.     Died,  Santa  Barbara,  November  28,  1881. 
De  la  Guerra,  Pablo,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Santa 

Barbara  District;  Senator,  Santa  Barbara  and  San  Luis  Obispo,  1849-50, 

1851,  1853,   1854,  1855,  1856,   1857,   1860,  1861;  President  of  Senate,  1861; 

Lieutenant-Governor,  1861;  Judge  First  Judicial  District,  elected  1863, 

1869.     Died,  Santa  Barbara,  February  5,  1874. 
Delia  Torre,   Peter,  Presidential  Elector,   1866.    Died,  Brookland,  Maryland, 

October  25,  1864. 
De  Long,  Charles  E.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1858,  1859;  Senator,  Tuba,  1861, 

1862.     Died,  Virginia  City,  October  26,  1876. 
De  Long,  F.  C.,  Senator,  Marin,  1885,  1887,  1889,  1891;  Member  State  Board 

of  Agriculture,  1889- 
Del  Valle,   R.   F.,  Presidential  Elector,  1880;  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles, 

1880,  1881;  Senator,  Los  Angeles,  1883,  1885;  President  pro  tern.,  1883. 
Del   Valle,  Ygnacio,   Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,   1852.    Died,  Los  Angeles, 

March  30,  1880. 
Denison,  Eli  S.,  Senator,  Alameda,  1891,  1893;  Member  Board  of  Agriculture, 

District  No.  1,  San  Francisco  and  Alameda  Counties,  1889- 
Dennis,  John  H.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1862. 
Dennis,  Thomas  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 
Denniston,  James  G.,  Assemblyman,    San   Mateo,    1861,    1863.    Died,    San 

Francisco,  June  17,  1869. 
Denson,   Samuel  C.,  Judge  Sixth  Judicial  District,   elected  1875;  Superior 

Judge,  Sacramento  County,  elected  1879. 

Dent,  George  W.,  Senator,  San  Joaquin  and  Contra  .Costa,  1859,  1860. 
Dent,  Lewis,  Member  Fir.st  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Monterey  Dis- 
trict.    Died,  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  March  22,  1874- 
Denver,  A.  St.  C.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1859,  1860,  1861,  1862.     Dead. 
Denver,  James  W.,  Senator,  Trinity  and  Klamath,  1852,  1853;  Secretary  of 

State,  1853-55;  Representative  to  Congress,'  1855-57.    Died,   Washington, 

District  of  Columbia,  August  9,  1892. 

Desty,  Robert,  Senator,  San  Francisco  and  San  Mateo,  1880. 
.  Deveny,  Peter,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 
Devoe,  Alfred,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1863-64. 
Devoe,  James  B.,  State  Printer,  1851. 
DeWitt,  E.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare,  1885. 
DeWitt,  W.  M.,  Assemblvman,  Yolo,  1877-78. 
Dibble,  Henry  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889,  1891. 
Dick,  John,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1856.     Dead. 
Dickenson,  W.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento  District,  1849-50.  ' 
Dickenson,  W.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus  and  Merced,  1863-64. 
Dickinson,  John  H.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1880,  1881. 

Dickinson,  William  B.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,   1858,   1859,   1860,   1861;    Presi- 
dent pro  tern.,  1859. 

Dillard,  R.  M.,  Superior  Judge,  Santa  Barbara  County,  elected  1886. 
Dimmick,  Kim  ball  H.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San 

Jose  District.     Died,  Los  Angeles,  September  11,  1861. 
Dimond,    D.,    Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,    1880.    Died,    Columbia,   January, 

1890. 
Dinan,  W.  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 


620  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Dinniene,  John  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78. 

Dixon.  James,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1873-74.  Died,  Oregon,  December  15, 
1882. 

Dixon,  M.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1875-76,  1877-78;  Senator,  Ala- 
meda, 1887,  1889. 

Dobbin,  H.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 

Dodge,  C.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1893. 

Dodge,  H.  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863;  Senator,  San  Francisco, 
1863-64,  1865-66. 

Dodson,  W.  B.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Xapa  and  Lake,  1863-64. 

Doll,  J.  G.,  Senator,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1862,  1S63. 

Dorninguez,  Manuel,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,.  1849,  Los- 
Angeles  District. 

Donovan,  M.  J.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Dooling,  Maurice  T.,  Assemblyman,  San  Benito,  1885. 

Dore,  Benjamin,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862,  1863. 

Dorn,  N.  A.,  Superior  Judfge,  Monterey  County,  elected  1890. 

Dornin,  George  D.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1865-66,  18t>7-68. 

Dorr,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  18B5-66. 

Dorsey,  Caleb,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus,  1877-78.  Died,  Sonora,  March 
28,  1885. 

Dosh,  Samuel  H.,  Senator,  Colusa  and  Shasta,  1856,  1857;  President  pro- 
tein., 1857.  Died,  Shasta,  June  13,  1861. 

Doss,  E.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Kern  and  Tula  re,  1869-70. 

Doty,  Gillis,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento, .1883,  1891. 

Dougherty,  J.  T.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1883,  1885. 

Dougherty,  John,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1861. 

Dougherty,  S.  K.,  Superior  Judge,  Sonoma  County,  elected  1888,  1890. 

Doughty,  John,  Assemblyman,  Solan o,  18n5. 

Douglass,  Charles  D.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 

Douglass,  David  F.,  Senator,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50;  Calaveras*, 
1851;  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1855;  Secretary  of  State,  1856-57. 
Died,  San  Joaquin  County,  June  16,  1872. 

Douglass,  G.  N.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1859. 

Douglass,  George  A.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1859.  Died,  Austin,  Nevada-,. 
August  25,  1881. 

Dow,  E.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1891. 

Dow,  F.  A.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1863-64. 

Dow,  J.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1862. 

Dow,  William,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1859. 

Dowling,  Patrick  T.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,. 
San  Francisco  District. 

Downer,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1867-68. 

Downey,  John  G.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1856;  Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor, 1860;  Governor,  1860-61. 

Downey,  P.  H.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  John  G.  Downey. 

Downing,  J.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1865-66. 

Downs,  R.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1880. 

Doyle,  Luke  D.,  MemBer  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San. 
Francisco  District. 

Dray,  F.  R.,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1887,  1889,  1891. 

Drees,  E.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1893. 

Drew,  M.  M.,  Member  State  Board  of  Equalization,  1880-82;  United  States 
Marshal,  1882-86. 

Drum,  Edward  F.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1885. 

Dryer,  Perry,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1867-68. 

Du  Brutz,  A.  B,,  Assemblyman,  Tulare  and  Kern,  1880, 

Duckworth,  S.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1893. 

Dudley,  Charles  C.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1862,  1863. 

Dudley,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1862,  1863;  Member  Second  Consti- 
tutional Convention,  1878-79,  Solano  District. 

Dudley,  W.  L.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Joaquin  and  Amador  District. 

Duffy,  James  A.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1869-70;  Senator,  Sacra- 
mento, 1871-72,  1873-74.  "Died,  Oakland,  September  16,  1SS9. 

Duffy,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Del  Norte   and  Siskiyou,  1893. 

Duncombe,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1859,  1863.  Died,  Hicks- 
ville,  October  1,  1867. 


REGISTER  OF  STA  TE  OFFICERS.  621 

Dunlap,  Elon,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1860. 

Dunlap,  H.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1859. 

Dunlap,  Presley,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Sacramento  District.  Died,  Sacramento,  September  23,  1883. 

Dunlap,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Dunn,  John  P.,  State  Controller,  1883-91. 

Dunn,  William  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891;  Senator,  San  Fran- 
cisco, 1893. 

Dunne,  E.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1863. 

Durham,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1880. 

Dunsmoor,  Charles  H.,  Bank  Commissioner,  1890- 

Durner,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1891. 

Durst,  D.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa,  1861 ;  Yuba  and  Butter,  1893. 

Dustin,  Daniel,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1856. 

Dutton,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1856. 

Dutton,  Warren,  Member  of  State  Board  of  Equalization,  1880-82. 

Dwinelle,  John  W.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1867-68.  Drowned  at  Port 
Costa,  January  28,  1881. 

Dwinelle,  Samuel  H.,  Judge  Fifteenth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1864, 
elected  1865,  1871,  1877.  Died,  San  Francisco,  January  12,  1886. 

Dwyer,  David,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1865-66.  Died,  San  Fran- 
*  Cisco,  September  3,  1869. 

Dver,  Barlow,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1863-64;  Senator,  Calaveras,  1871- 
1  72,  1873-74. 

Eager,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Alameda  and  Santa  Cruz,  1862,  1865-66. 

Eagon  John  A.,  Assemblyman,  Amador  and  Alpine,  1859,  1871-72,  Sena- 
tor, Amador,  1860,  1861;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention, 
187^-79,  Amador  District.  Died,  Jackson,  Amador  County,  October  20,  1892. 

Eakin,  W.  A.,  Senator,  Tuoiumne,  Mono,  etc.,  1873-74,  187&-76. 

Eakle,  H.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa,  1891. 

Earl,  Guy  C.,  Senator,  Alameda,  1893. 

Eastman,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1861. 

Echeandia,  Jose  Maria  de,  Governor  under  Mexican  rule,  1825-31. 

Eddy,  William  M.,  Surveyor-General,  1852-53.  Died,  San  Francisco,  March 
9,  185A. 

Edgar,  William,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1871-72. 

Edgerton,  Henry,  Senator,  Napa,  Yolo  and  Solano,  1860,  1861;  Sacramento, 
1873-74,  1875-76;  Presidential  Elector,  1880,  1884;  Member  Second  Con- 
stitutional Convention,  1878-79,  Second  Congressional  District;  Trustee 
of  State  Library,  1882-84,  1886-87.  Died,  San  Francisco^  November  A,  1887. 

Edmonds,  M.  A.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1879,  1880.    Dead. 

Edwards,  E.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1885,  1889. 

Edwards,  L.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1881. 

Edwards,  Philip  L.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1855.  Died,  Sacramento, 
May  1,  1869. 

Edwards,  Uriah,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  etc.,  1857,  1858.  Died,  Petaluma, 
October  5,  1868. 

Eichelroth,  W.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Tuoiumne,  Mono,  etc.,  1869-70. 

Eliason,  W,  A.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1862. 

Ellis,  A.  J.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San  Francisco 
District;  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1852.  Died,  San  Francisco,  July 


Ellis,  Asa,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1867-68,  1871-72,  1877-78.  Died, 
Fresno,  August  20,  1890. 

Ellis,  Edward  E.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1852.  Died,  Pittsburg  Land- 
ing, April  6,  1862. 

Ellis,  R.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1859,  1860.    Died,  Reno,  1873. 

Ellison,  John  F.,  Assemblyman,  Tehama,  1885;  Superior  Judge,  Tehama 
County,  elected  1890. 

Ellsworth,  John,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1887;  Superior  Judge,  Alameda 
County,  elected  1888. 

Ely,  Benjamin  E.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1858. 

Emeric,  H.  F.,  Assemblyman,' Contra  Costa,  1893. 

English,  James  L.,  State  Treasurer,  1857.    Died,  Sacramento,  May  29,  1889. 

English,  Warren  B.,  Senator,  Contra  Costa  and  Marin,  1883. 

Enos,  John  S.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1880,  1881;  Commissioner  of  Labor 
Statistics,  1883-86. 


622  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Ensworth,  A.  S.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1859.  Died,  Los  Angeles,  October, 
1865. 

Erkson,  William,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1863-64. 

Escandon,  A.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1869-70,  1873-74. 

Estee,  Morris  M.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1863;  San  Francisco,  1873-74; 
Speaker  of  the  House,  1873-74;  Member  State  Board  of  Equalization, 
1871;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  First  Con- 
gressional District;  Presidential  Elector,  1876,  1888. 

Estell,  James  M.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1857;  Senator,  Xapa  and  Solano, 
1852,  1853.  Died,  San  Francisco,  April  26,  1859. 

Estep,  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1853.  Died,  Lakeport,  January  11, 
1876. 

Estey,  C.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1880,  1881. 

Estey,  Thomas  H.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Contra  Costa  and  Marin  District;  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1891. 

Estudillo,  Jose  G.,  State  Treasurer,  1875-79. 

Evans,  George  S.,  Secretary  of  the  Senate,  1857;  Senator,  San  Joaquin, 
1863-64,1865-66,  1871-72;  Adjutant-General,  1864-65,  1866-68.  Died,  San 
Francisco,  September  17,  1883. 

Evans,  O.  P.,  Judge  Fourth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1879;  Superior 
Judge  San  Francisco,  elected  1879. 

Everett,  Daniel  H.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1891,  1893- 

Everett,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1871-72. 

Evey,  Edward",  Assembly'man,  Napa  and  Lake,  1862;  Member  Second  Con- 
stitutional Convention,  1878-79,  Los  Angeles  District. 

Ewalt,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1856. 

Ewer,  S.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1854;  Senator,  Butte,  Plumas,  etc.,  1865-66, 
1867-68. 

Ewing,  Andrew,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1877-78. 

Ewing,  Luther  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887,  1889. 

Ewing,  W.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1853. 

Fahey,  Edward,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1873-74. 

Fair,  William  D.,  Senator,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, December  27, 1861. 

Fairchild,  David,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1860. 

Fairchild,  John  A.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1867-68. 

Fairfax,  Charles  S.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba  and  Sierra,  1853,  1854;  Speaker  of 
the  House,  1854;  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1857-61.  Died,  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  April  6,  1869. 

Fairfield,  B.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1854. 

Fajes,  Pedro,  Governor  under  Spanish  rule,  1782-90. 

Fargo,  Frank  F.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1861;  Clerk  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  1862-63.  Died,  New  York  State,  January  12,  1891. 

Farish,  T.  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1867-68. 

Farley,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863.     Dead. 

Farlev,  James  T.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1855,  1856;  Speaker  of  the 
Ifouse,  1856;  Senator.  Amador  and  Alpine,  1869-70,  1871-72,  1873-74, 
1875-76;  President  pro  tern.,  1871-72;  United  States  Senator,  1879-85. 
Died,  Jackson,  January  22,  1886. 

Farley,  M.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1883. 

Farnum,  John  E.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1877-78;  Bank  Commissioner, 
1882-86. 

Farrell,  Simon  J.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
San  Francisco  District, 

Farwell,  Seth  B.,  Judge  Eleventh  Judicial  District,  appointed  1851,  elected 
1851.  Died,  Carson,  Nevada,  December  11,  1862. 

Farwell,  W.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1855. 

Fassett,  L.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1889.  Died,  Florin,  December 
16,  1889. 

Faw,  Thomas,  F.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1883. 

Fawcett,  Eugene,  Judge  First  Judicial  "District,  appointed  1875,  elected 
1875;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Santa  Barbara 
District ;  Judge  Santa  Barbara  County,  elected  1879.  Died,  Santa  Barbara, 
January  9,  1880. 

Fay,  Caleb'  T.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
April  20,  1885. 

Fay,  John  D.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1893. 


REGISTER   OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  623 

Felton,  Charles  N.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1880,  1881;  Representative 
in  Congress,  1885-93;  Commissioner  to  attend  the  centennial  celebration 
of  the  inauguration  of  George  Washington  as  President  of  the  United 
States,  1888;"  United  States  Senator,  1891- 

Felton,  John  B.,  Presidential  Elector,  1868,  1872,  1876.  Died,  Oakland,  May 
2,  1877. 

Ferguson,  John  W.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1873-74. 

Ferguson,  R.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1»58,  1863.     Dead. 

Ferguson,  W.  I.,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1856,  1857,  1858.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, September  14,  185S. 

Ferguson,  William  T.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1855;  Senator,  Sierra,  1857, 
1858.  Died,  August  23,  1S66. 

Ferral,  Robert,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1879. 

Ferral,  Walter,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1875-76. 

Ferrell,  W.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1855. 

Ferris,  L.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1857. 

Field,  John,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1883. 

Field,  Stephen  J.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1851;  Supreme  Justice,  1857-63; 
Chief  Justice,  1859-63;  Justice  United  States  Supreme  Court,  1863- 

Figueroa,  Jose,  Governor  under  Mexican  rule,  1833-35.  Died,  Monterey, 
September  29,  1835. 

Filcher,  J.  A.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Placer 
District;  Senator,  Placer,  1883,1885;  State  Prison  Director,  1887-88;  Presi- 
dential Elector,  1893. 

Findley,  Thomas,  State  Treasurer,  1858-62.  Died,  Georgetown,  El  Dorado 
County,  September  19,  1S8S. 

Finlayson,  F.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1893. 

Finlayson,  James  R.,  Assemblyma,  San  Francisco,  1880. 

Finn,  John  F.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1879,  1880,  1886. 

Finney,  Charles  G.,  Jr.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Ventura  District. 

Finney,  Seldon  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1869-70;  Senator,  San  Francisco 
and  San  Mateo,  1871-72,' 1873-74.  Died,  San  Mateo_  County,  July  27, 1875. 

Firebaugh,  H.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 

Fiske,  Henry  M.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1856,  1857. 

Fitch,  George  K.,  State  Printer,  1852. 

Fitch,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1863. 

Fitzgerald,  0.  P.,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  1867-71. 

Fitzgerald,  W.  F.,  Supreme  Court  Commissioner,  Ib90- 

Fitzpatrick,  E.  F.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Mateo  County,  appointed  1890. 

Flanders,  Alvaii,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1861. 

Fleming,  J.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1883. 

Flemming,  Samuel,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1852.     Died,- April,  1888. 

Flint,  Thomas,  Senator,  Santa  Cruz  and  Monterey,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Flint,  Thomas,  Jr.,  Senator,  Monterey  and  San  Benito,  1889,  1891,  1893- 

Flint,  Wilson,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1855,  1856.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
January  ^,  1867. 

Flournoy,  T.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1855.    Dead. 

Flower,  'Samuel,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1853. 

Flynn,  James  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

Foote,  H.  S.,  Supreme  Court  Commissioner,  1884- 

Foote,  L.  H.,  Adjutant-General,  1871-75. 

Foote,  W.  W.,  Railroad  Commissioner  Third  District,  1883-86. 

Ford,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1861. 

Ford,  Henry  L.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa,  1852.  Died  at  Nome  Cult,  Mendocino 
Reservation,  July  2,  I860. 

Ford,  T.  L.,  Senator,  Plumas,  Sierra,  and  Nevada,  1893. 

Forman,  Ferris,  Judge  Sixth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1851;  Secretary 
of  State,  1858-60. 

Forsyth,  W.  K.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78. 

Fortha,  S.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter,  1883.     Died,  Yuba  City,  June  27,  1892. 

Fortune,  H.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1869-70. 

Foster,  C.  F.,  Senator,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1883,  1885. 

Foster,  Stephen  C.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Los 
Angeles  District;  Senator,  Los  Angeles,  etc.,  1851,  1852,  1853. 

Foster,  Theron,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1855,  1861. 

Foulke,  L.  M.,  Senator,  Siskiyou,  1863-64. 

Fourgeaud,  V.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1857.    Dead. 


624  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Fowler,  C.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1852.    Died,  Oakland,  October  17,  1866. 

Fowler,  Frank  L.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1891. 

Fowler,    Thomas,   Senator,'  Tulare,    etc.,    1869-70,    1871-72,    1877-78.    Died, 

Visalia,  April  17,  1884. 

Fox,  Charles  N.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1880;  Supreme  Justice,  1889-90. 
Franck,  F.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1871-72,  1873-74. 
Frank,  L.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1889. 

Franklin,  J.  J.,  Senator,  Tuolumne,  1860,  1861.     Died,  Sonora,  May  21,  1875. 
Franklin,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 
Franks,  L.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1889. 
Fraser,    Thomas,   Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,    1863-64,  1880,   1881;  Senator, 

El  Dorado,  1873-74,  1875-76,  1883,  1889,  1891,  President  pro  tern.,  1891. 
Frasier,  John,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1862. 
Freanor,   George,   Presidential  Elector,  1856.    Died,  New  York,  November  10, 

1878. 
Freelon,  T.  TV.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1879.    Died,  Oakland, 

March  30,  1885. 
Freeman,  Abraham  C.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 

Sacramento  District ;  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1882-1890. 
Freeman,  C.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  "1851. 
Freeman,  E.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1891. 
Freeman,  F.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1871-72,  1873-74. 

Freeman,  I.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1869-70.    Died,  Elk  Grove,  Sacra- 
mento County,  December  7,  1892. 
Freeman,  J.  TV.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare,  etc.,  1863;   Senator,  Fresno,  Kern, 

etc.,  1863-64,  1865-66,  1867-68. 

Fremont,  John  C.,  United  States  Senator,  1849-51;   Major-General  U.  S.  A., 

,    1861;   Governor  of  Arizona,  1878-1881.     Died,  New  York  City,  July  13, 1890. 

Freer,  Leon  D.,  Assembjyman,  Butte,  1881;   Superior  Judge,  Butte  County, 

elected  1884.  Died,  San  Francisco,  September  19,  1888. 
Freidenrich,  D.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1873-74. 
French,  A.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1855,  1856.  Dead. 

French,  C.  G,  W.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1866-70;   Assemblyman,  Sacra- 
mento, 1871-72;    Chief  Justice  of  Arizona,  1875-84.     Died,  San  Francisco, 

August  13,  1891. 

French,  Frank,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 
French,  Parker  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1854.    Dead. 
Freud,  Jacob  R.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 

Francisco  District. 

Prink,  D.,  Assemblyman.  Santa  Clara,  1880. 
Prink,  Miner,  Jr.,  Assemblyman,  Amador  and  Alpine,  1865-66. 
Frisbie,  John  B.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1867-68.     Died,  Mexico,  1883. 
Frye,  Jacob,  Senator,  Placer,  1852. 
Fryer,  R.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1869-70. 
Fuller,  Mortimer,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1857,  1859. 
<raffey,  John  T.,  Member  State  Board  of  Equalization,  1887-90. 
Gaffey,  P.  T.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880. 
Gage,  Stephen  T.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1856. 
Galbraith,  J.  D.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1858. 
Galbraith,  W.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1891. 
Oale,  John,  Superior  Judge*  Butte  County,  appointed  1888. 
Gallagher,  J.  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 
Gallagher,  P.  A.,  Assemblvman,   Calaveras,  1860;  Senator,  Calaveras,  1861, 

1862. 

Galloway,  Joseph  TV.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1871-72. 
Galvin,  E.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1855. 
Garber,  E.  R.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1888. 
•Gardiner,  William  P.,  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  appointed  1887. 
Gardner,  James  H.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba  and  Sierra,  1852,  1853:  Senator, 

Sierra,  1854. 

Gardner,  John,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1889. 
Gardner,  M.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1889-90;  Director  Mendocino   State 

Insane  Asylum,  1892- 

Gardner,  Robert,  Surveyor-General,  1871-75. 
Garfield,  S.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1853.    Dead. 
Garibaldi,  S.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880. 
Garoutte,  C.  H.,  Superior' Judge,  Yolo  County,  elected  1884;  Supreme  Justice, 


REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS.  625 

Garratt,  W.  T.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1871-72, 1873-74.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
January  14,  1S90. 

Garretson,John,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1875-76. 

Garrity,  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881. 

Garter,  E.,  Senator,  Shasta,  etc.,  1858,  1859;  Judge  Ninth  Judicial  District, 
elected  1863.  Died,  Shasta,  April  9,  1880. 

Garver,  Michael,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1877-78,  1891. 

Garvey,  J.  B.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Calaveras- 
District. 

Gaskill,  R.  C.,  Senator,  Butte,  etc.,  1862,  1863,  1863-64.  Died,  Pittsburg,  Penn- 
sylvania, November  2,  1889. 

Gastbn,  H.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1856. 

Gately,  Wm.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 

Gaussail,  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

Gaver,  E.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1855.     Dead. 

Gavigan,  W.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881. 

Gay,  "Milus  H.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1881. 

Gaylord,  E.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1855.    Dead. 

Geary,  Dennis,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881. 

Geary,  T.  J.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1890,  1891,  1893-. 

Geiger,  Vincent  E.,  State  Printer,  1852-54.  Died,  Valparaiso,  September  6, 
1869, 

Geller,  William,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1855.    Dead. 

Gehvicks,  Daniel  W.,  State  Printer,  1867-71;  Assemblyman,  Alameda, 
1875-76;  State  Prison  Director,  1883-84.  Died,  Sacramento,  November  24, 
1884. 

George,  James,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1856. 

George,  William,  Senator,  Nevada  and  Sierra,  1880,  1881. 

Gerberding,  A.,  Bank  Commissioner,  1890-. 

Gesford,  H.  C.,  Senator,  Yolo  and  Napa,  1887;  Napa  and  Lake,  1893- 

Gibbons,  Edward,  Senator,  Alameda,  1873-74,  1875-76.  Died,  Sonoma  County, 
May  30,  1886. 

Gibson,  E.  M.,  Superior  Judge,  Alameda  County,  elected  1884. 

Gibson,  James  A.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Bernardino  County,  elected  1884;  Su- 
preme Court  Commissioner,  1888-90. 

Gibson,  John  L.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1871-72. 

Gibson,  Joseph  H.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1852. 

Giffen,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1873-74,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Gilbert,  Edward,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San  Fran- 
cisco District;  Representative  to  Congress,  1849-51.  Died,  near  Sacra- 
mento, August  2,  1852. 

Gilbert,  James  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1854. 

Gildea,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1867-68,  1869-70,  San  Francisco, 
1877-78;  Member  of  State  Board  of  Equalization,  1883-86. 

Gill,  George  M.,  Superior  Judge,  Inyo  County,  elected  1890. 

Gillen,  James  S.,  State  Controller,  1861. 

Gillette,  M.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1861. 

Gilman,  C.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1857. 

Gilmore,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1873-74. 

Gilmore,  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881. 

Gilmore,  N.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1873-74. 

Giltner,  Francis,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1867-68. 

Glascock,  B.  B.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Colusa 
District;  Senator,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1880,  1881. 

Glascock,  John  R.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1883-84. 

Glynn,  John  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 

Gober,  W.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1855. 

Godard,  H.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1854. 

Godchaux,  Edmond,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 

Goodale,  David,  Senator,  Contra  Costa,  Marin,  1871-72,  1873-74. 

Goodall,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1871-72. 

Goodall,  J.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1865-66. 

Goodman,  L.  C..  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1860. 

Goods,  J.  C.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1870-74.  Died,  Sacramento,  November 
23,  1877. 

Goodwin,  J.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Plumas  and  Lassen,  1865-66;  Judge  Twenty- 
first  Judicial  District,  appointed  1876. 
40 


626  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Goodwin,  Jesse  0.,  Senator,  Yuba  and  Sutter,  1857, 1858, 1877-78;  Presidential 
Elector,  1872.  Died,  near  Vallejo,  July  15,  1879. 

Gordon,  Alex.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1891. 

Gordon,  Alexander,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1862. 

Gordon,  Martin  W.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1854. 

Gordonj  S.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1858. 

Gordon,  Upton  M.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1861. 

Gorley,  H.  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880. 

Gorman,  Joseph  C.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  District;  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1880,  1881. 

Gottschalk,  C.  V.,  Superior  Judge,  Calaveras  County,  elected  1879,  1884,  1890. 

Goucher,  George  G.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1885;  Senator, 
Alpine,  Mariposa,  Fresno,  etc.,  1887,  1889,  1891,  1893- 

Gough,  Charles  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78. 

Gould,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Alpine,  Mono,  and  Inyo,  1887. 

Gould,  Frank  H.,  Assemblyman,  Merced  and  Mariposa,  1891;  Stanislaus  and 
Merced,  1893. 

Gove,  A.  S.,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1855,  1856.     Dead. 

Grace,  William  P.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Gragg,  R.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1855. 

Graham,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1858. 

Graham,  James  S.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1852. 

Granger,  L.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1883,  1887.    Died,  Oroville,  May  20,  1890. 

Grant,  Gilbert  A.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1858,1859.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
December  31,  1860. 

Grant,  W.  H.,  Superior  Judge,  Yolo  County,  elected  1890. 

Graves,  William,  Presidential  Elector,  1893. 

Graves,  William  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1855,  1857;  Senator,  San 
Luis  Obispo  and  Santa  Barbara,  1873-74,  1875-76 ;  Member  Second  Con- 
stitutional Convention,  1878-79,  Fourth  Congressional  District.  Died, 
San  Luis  Obispo,  August  2,  1884- 

Gray,  Giles  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1871-72. 

Gray,  J.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey  District,  1849-50. 

Gray,  John  C.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1873-74;  Superior  Judge,  Butte  County, 
elected  1890. 

Gray,  Nathaniel,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863-64.  Died,  Oakland, 
April  24,  1889. 

Gray,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1856,  1859. 

Gray,  Wheaton  A.,  Superior  Judge,  Tulare  County,  appointed  1891. 

Greeley,  F.  H.,  Senator,  Yuba  and  Sutter,  1887,  1889. 

Green,  A.  F.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1863-64. 

Green,  Alfred  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1854. 

Green,  E.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1869-70.  Died,  San  Dieqo,  November 
28,  1872. 

Green,  James  J.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1861;  Senator,  Contra  Costa  and 
Marin,  1867-68,  1869-70;  State  Controller,  1871-75;  Trustee  of  State  Li- 
brary, 1874-78. 

Green,  P.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1880. 

Green,  Thomas  J.,  Senator,  Sacramento  District,  1849-50,  1851.  Died,  War- 
ren County,  North  Carolina,  December  13,  1863. 

Green,  W.  S.,  Assemblymen,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1867-68;  Trustee  of  State 
Library,  1891- 

Greene,  W.  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1865-66;  Superior  Judge,  Ala- 
meda  County,  elected,  1879,  1890. 

Gregg,  V.  A.,  Member  Second  ConstitutionalConventipn,  1878-79,  Kern  Dis- 
trict; Superior  Judge,  San  Luis  Obispo  County,  appointed  1889,  elected 
1890. 

Gregory,  Andrew  J.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1859,  1861. 

Gregory,  D.  S.,  Senator,  Santa  Cruz  and  Monterey,  1859;  Superior  Judge. 
San  Luis  Obispo  County,  appointed  1883,  elected  1884. 

Gregory,  J.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Amador  and  Alpine,  1867-68. 

Gregory,  J.  M.,  Superior  Judge,  Solano  County,  elected  1879. 

Gregory,  J.  W.,  Presidential  Elector,  1852. 

Gregory,  IT.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1885. 

Grewell,  Jacob,  Senator,  Santa  Clara  and  Contra  Costa,  1853,  1854. 

Griffeth,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78. 

Grifreth,  E.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1881. 


REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS.  627 

Griffith,  Humphrey,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1854;  Senator,  Solano,  Yolo,  and 

Napa,  1858,  1859.     Died,  San  Francisco,  March  23,  1863. 
Griffith,  S.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  Amador  County,  elected  1884.    Died,  Jack- 

son,  July  31,  1886. 

Griswold,  J'.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1862. 
Griswold,  John  0.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1869-70. 
Griswold,  M.,  Assemblyman,  Inyo  and  Mono,  1875-76. 
Groom,  K.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1858,  1860. 
Gross,  Frank  W.,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1880-82.    Died,  San  Francisco, 

December  4,  1886. 

Gruwell,  L.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Lake,  1887. 
Gunnison,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863. 
Gurnett,  W.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1873-74. 
Gutierrez,  Nicolas,  Governor  under  Mexican  rule,  1836. 

Gwin,  William  McKendree,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849, 
San  Francisco  District;  United  States  Senator,  1849-61.  Died,  New  York, 
September  3,  1885. 

Gwin,  W.  M.,  Jr.,  Senator,  Calaveras,  etc.,  1869-70,  1871-72,  1877-78. 
Gwinn,,  Harrison,  Assemblyman,   Yolo,  1859,   1860.    Died,  Knights  Landing, 

July  9,  1881. 

Hagans,  W.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1861.     Died,  Ukiah,  June  18,  1881. 
Hagans,  William  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1854. 

Hager,  John  S.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1853,  1854;  Judge  Fourth  Judicial 
District,  appointed  1855,  elected  1855;  Member  Second  Constitutional 
Convention,  1878-79,  First  Congressional  District;  Regent  University  of 
California;  United  States  Senator,  1873-74;  Collector  of  Port,  San  Fran- 
cisco, 1885-89.  Died,  San  Francisco,  March  19,  1890. 

Haight,  Henry  H.,  Governor,  1867-71;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, 1878-79,  Second  Congressional  District.  Died,  San  Francisco,  Sep- 
tember 2,  1878. 

Hail,  F.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Plumas  and  Sierra,  1891. 
Haile,  R.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Napa  and  Solano,  1856,  1869-70,  1877-78.    Died, 

Vacaville,  January  88,  1890. 

Hakes,  O.  F.,  Superior  Judge,  Mono  County,  appointed  1886,  elected  1888. 
Haldeman,  P.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1858. 

Hale,  James  E.,  Senator,  Placer,  1863-64,  1865-66;  Supreme  Court  Reporter, 
1867-70;  Presidential  Elector,  1872;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, 1878-79,  Second  Congressional  District;  Assemblyman,  Placer. 
1881. 

Haliday,  Thomas  J.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1860. 
Hall,  A.  P.,  Senator,  Placer  and  El  Dorado,  1887. 
Hall,  Gaven  D.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1851,  1857;  Senator,  El  Dorado, 

1854,  1855. 

Hall,  J.  B.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Second  Con- 
gressional District. 

Hall,  James  A.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1889. 

Hall,  John  T.,  Senator,  Solano  and  Yolo,  1863-64.  Died,  Madison,  CaL,  Janu- 
ary 17,  1884. 

Hall,  Sydney,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 
Hall,  William  Hammond,  State  Engineer,  1878-89. 

Halleck,  Henry  W.,  Secretary  of  State  under  the  Military  Governments  of 
General  R.  B.  Mason  and  General  Bennet  Rilev,  1847-49;  Member  First 
Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Monterey  District;  Major-General 
"United  States  Army,  appointed  August  19,  1861.  Died,  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, January  9,  1872. 

Halley,'M.  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1853. 
Halsey,  C.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1879. 
Halstead,  James  L.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1860. 
Ham,  E.  D.,  Superior  Judge,  "Napa  County,  elected  1890. 
Hamill,  J.  E.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1887,  1889,  1891. 
Hamill,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1873-74.    Died,  San  Francisco, 

October  7,  1879. 

Hamilton,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1893. 
Hamilton,  H.,  Senator,  Los  Angeles,  1863-64. 
Hamilton,  Jo,  Attorney-General,  1867-71,  1875-79;  Trustee  of  State  Library, 

1874-82. 

Hamilton,  Noble,  Superior  Judge,  Alameda  County,  elected  1882. 
Hamilton,  W.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Del  Norte,  1883. 


628  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Hamlin,  Francis,  Assemblyman,  Slitter,  1865-66. 

Hamlin,  Thomas  T.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1858. 

Hamm,  S.  F.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1857;  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1858, 
1859. 

Hammitt,  A.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1873-74. 

Hammond,  .T.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1860. 

Hammond,  R.  P.,  Assemblyman  (Speaker),  San  Joaquin,- 1852.  Died,  San 
Francisco,  November  28,  1891. 

Hammond,  R.  P.,  Presidential  Elector,  1893. 

Hancock,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1858, 1859.  Died,  Santa  Monica, 
June  9,  1883. 

Handy,  Philo,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1887. 

Hanks,  Henry  G.,  State  Mineralogist,  1880-86. 

Hanks,  Julian,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San  Jose 
District. 

Hanna,  William,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1877-78. 

Hannah,  John  A.,  Superior  Judge,  Inyo  County,  elected  1879,  1884. 

Hansbrow,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1865-66.  Died,  Sacramento, 
August  31,  1868. 

Hanson,  James  H.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1861. 

Haraszthy,  Augustus,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1852.  Died,  Nicaragua,  July 
6,  1869. 

Harding,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76. 

Hardwick,  George  M.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Mariposa  and  Merced  District.  Died,  July  11,  1878. 

Hardy,  James  H.,  Judge  Sixteenth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1859,  elected 
1859.  Died,  San  Francisco,  June  11,  1874. 

Hardy,  L.  J.,  Jr.,  Assemblyman,  San  Franscisco,  1880. 

Hardy,  Thomas,  Senator,  Calaveras,  1865-66,  1867-68. 

Hare,  1.,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1857.     Died,  Shasta  County,  July  31,  1890. 

Harkness,  H.  W., "Trustee  of  State  Library,  1864-70. 

Harlan,  J.  H.,  Senator,  Solano  and  Yolo,  1880,  1881. 

Harloe,  Marcus,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1891. 

Harp,  T.  D.,  Senator,  Merced,  Stanislaus,  etc.,  1891,  1893. 

Harrigan,  John,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

Harriman,  W.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1861;  Senator,  Placer,  1862,1863; 
Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1863-67. 

Harrington,  D.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1863. 

Harris, "G.  F.,  Assemblyman"  Siskiyou  and  Modoc,  1875-76;  Superior  Judge, 
Modoc  County,  elected  1879,  1884. 

Harris,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Benito,  1880. 

Harris,  James  0.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter,  1858. 

Harris,  M.  K.,  Superior  Judge,  Fresno  County,  appointed  1887,  elected  1888. 

Harris,  P.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1861. 

Harrison,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1853. 

Harrison,  R.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma  and  Marin,  1857. 

Harrison,  Ralph  C.,  Supreme  Justice,  1891- 

Harrison,  Thomas,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Harrison,  W.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1861. 

Hart,  A.  S.,  Senator,  Butte  and  Plumas,  1858,  1859. 

Hart,  Albert,  Private  Secretary  to  Governors  Newton  Booth  and  George  C. 
Perkins. 

Hart,  Augustus  L.,  Attorney-General,  1880-82. 

Hart,  E.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1889;  Senator,  Sacramento,  1893- 

Hart,  Thomas  J.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1875-76,  1877-78,  1887. 
Died,  Colusa,  September  30,  1891. 

Hart,  William  H.  H.,  Attorney-General,  1891- 

Hartson,  Chancellor,  Assemblyman,  Napa  and  Lake,  1863,  1880,  1881;  Sena- 
tor, Xapa,  Lake,  etc.,  1863-64,  1865-66.  Died,  Napa,  September  25,  1889. 

Hartsough,  J.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1863-64. 

Harvey,  Joel  A.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1883;  Member  Second  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  1878-79,  Solano  District. 

Harvey,  Obed,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1861,  1862,  1863;  Assemblyman,  Sacra- 
mento, 1871-72;  Director  State  Insane  Asylum  at  Stockton,  1891- 

Harville,  John  W.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1860. 

Haskin,  J.  W.,  Senator,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1863-64. 


REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS.  629 

Hastings,  E.  0.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter,  1854.  Died.  San  Francisco,  Mai/ 1. 
1889. 

Hastings,  L.  "W.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Sacramento 
District.  Dead. 

Hastings,  S.  CM  Chief  Justice,  1849-52;  Attorney-General,  1852-53. 

Haswell,  Charles  S.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter,  1863;  Senator,  Yuba  and  Sutter, 
1863-64. 

Hatch,  D.  P.,  Superior  Judge,  Santa  Barbara  County,  elected  1880,  1884. 

Hatch,  F.  L.,  Superior  Judge,  Colusa  County,  elected  1879.  Died,  Colusa,  Oc- 
tober 5,  1881. 

Hatch,  F.  W.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1874-82.  Died,  Sacramento,  October 
IS,  1884. 

Hatch,  H.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1865-66. 

Hatch,  Jackson,  Presidential  Elector,  1893. 

Hathaway,  B.  W.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  etc.,  1862,  1863.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, May  1,  1867. 

Haun,  D.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1861. 

Haun,  Henry  P.,  United  States  Senator,  1859.     Died,  Marysville,  June  6,  1860. 

Havens,  H.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1858. 

Hawes,  Horace,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1856;  Senator,  San  Francisco, 
1863-64,  1865-66.  Died,  San  Francisco,  March  12,  1871. 

Hawkins,  Michael,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1865-66. 

Hawks,  W.  W.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1855,  1856.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
March  8,  1859. 

Hawley,  Asa  H.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1860. 

Hawley,  B.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1869-70. 

Hawley,  "W".  A.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1891. 

Ha  worth,  James,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78.     Dead. 

Hawthorne,  J.  C.,  Senator,  Placer,  1855,  1856.  Died,  Portland,  Oregon,  Febru- 
ary 15,  1881. 

Hay,  Alexander,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1873-74. 

Hayes,  Benjamin,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1867-68;  Judge  First  Judicial 
*  District,  elected  1852,  18o8.  Died,  Los  Angeles,  August  4,  1877. 

Hayes,  George  R.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1869-70. 

Hayes,  H.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1871-72. 

Hayes,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  Nevada, 'i860. 

Hayes,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 

Hayes,  Michael,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1869-70.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
November  8,  1888. 

Haymond,  Creed,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Hayne,  Robert  Y.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1880;  Supreme 
'Court  Commissioner,  1887-91. 

Hayne,  W.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara  and  Ventura,  1875-76. 

Haynes,  John  P.,  Senator,  Humboldt,  etc.,  1860,  1861,  1887;  Judge  Eighth 
Judicial  District,  elected  1858,  appointed  1868,  elected  1869,  1875 ;  Supe- 
rior Judge,  Humboldt  County,  elected  1879, 

Hazard,  Henry  T.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1885. 

Heacock,  E.  H.,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1861,  1862,  1863-64,  1867-68;  Santa 
Barbara,  Is89,  1891;  Superior  Judge,  Santa  Barbara  County,  appointed 
1880. 

Head,  E.  F.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Mateo  County,  elected  1879,  1884.    Dead. 

Head,  H.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1883. 

Heald,  H.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1856. 

Heald,  J.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1873-74. 

Healy,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

Hearst,  George,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1865-66;  Trustee'of  the  State 
Mining  Bureau,  1885-89;  United  States  Senator,  1886,  1887-91.  Died, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  February  28,  1891. 

Heath,  Lucien,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1883,  1885.  Died,  Santa  Cruz, 
December  19,  1888. 

Heath,  R.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50. 

Heath,  Russell,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1858,  1887. 

Hebbard,  J.  C.  B.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1890. 

Hebbron,  J.  R.,  Member  of  State  Board  of  Equalization,  1891- 

Hecht,  Marcus  H.,  Presidential  Elector,  1884. 

Heintzleman,  H.  P.,  Senator,  Sonoma  and  Marin,  1855,  1856. 

Heiskell,  Tyler  D.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1856;  Member  of  Second  Con- 
stitutional Convention,' 1878-79,  Stanislaus  District;  Member  of  State 
Board  of  Equalization,  1880-82. 


630  4  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Hempstead,  Charles  H.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  John  Bigler,  second 

term  •  Secretary  of  State,  1855-56.    Died,  Salt  Lake,  September  28,  1879. 
Henderson,  Robert,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1861.    Died,  Sacramento,  July 

16,  1864. 

Hendrick,  E.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1881. 
Hendricks,  Jas.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  Lassen  County,  elected  1879. 
Hendricks,  William  C.,  Senator,  Butte,  Plumas,  etc.,  1873-74,  1875-76;  State 

Prison  Director,  1883-87;    Penology  Commissioner,  1885;   Secretary  of 

State,  1887-91.  Died,  Sacramento,  January  24,  1892. 
Hendrickson,  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 
Henley,  Barclay,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1869-70;  Presidential  Elector, 

1880;  Representative  to' Congress,  1883-86. 
Henley,   G.   W.,    Assemblyman,    Mendocino,    1869-70.      Died,   Santa  Rosa, 

Henley,  Thomas  J.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento  District,  1849-50;  Presi- 
dential Elector,  1852.  Died,  Mendocino  County,  May  1,  1875. 

Henley,  Whit.,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1885. 

Henry,  A.  C.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1863-64. 

Henry,  Allen,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1885,  1887. 

Henry,  Brice  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1860.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
April  8,  1861. 

Henry,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1854.  Killed  at  Cavorca,  Mexico,  April 
7,  1857. 

Henry,  J.  R.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1887. 

Henshaw,  F.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  Alameda  County,  elected  1890. 

Herbert,  Philip  T.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1853,  1854;  Representative  to 
Congress,  1855-56.  Died,  'Kingston,  Louisana,  July  23,  1864- 

Herold,  Adam,  State  Treasurer,  1887-90.    . 

Herold,  Conrad,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Herrington,  Dennis  W.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Santa  Clara  District. 

Hersey,:  George  E.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1891. 

Hersey,  Philo,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1889. 

Hershey,  David  N.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1880,  1883. 

Hester,  C.  P.,  Judge  Third  Judicial  District,  appointed  1851,  elected  1851, 
1852.  Died,  February,  1874- 

Heston,  Thomas  M.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare  and  Fresno,  1860.  Died,  June, 
1863. 

Hewell,  A.,  Superior  Judge,  Stanislaus  County,  elected  1879. 

Heydenfeldt,  Elcan,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1849-50, 1851 ;  President  pro  tern, 
of  the  Senate,  1851;  Judge  Seventh  Judicial  District,  appointed  1851; 
Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1853. 

Heydenfeldt,  Solomon,  Supreme  Justice,  1852-57;  Trustee  of  State  Library, 
"  1861-64.  Died,  San  Francisco,  September  15,  1890. 

Heywood,  Walter  M.,  Assemblyman,  Alarneda,  1885. 

Hicks,  John  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78. 

Higbie,  A.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1873-74. 

Higby,  William,  Senator,  Calaveras,  1863;  Representative  to  Congress, 
1863-68.  Died,  Santa  Rosa,  November  26,  1887. 

Higgins,  F.  B.,  Senator,  Placer,  1863. 

Higgins,  M.  R.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  H.  H.  Markham. 

Higley,  Horace  A.,  Surveyor-General,  1858-61.  Died,  San  Francisco,  Novem- 
ber 24,  1873. 

Hihn,  F.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1869-70. 

Hilborn,  S.  G.,  Senator,  Solano  and  Yolo,  1875-76,  1877-78;  Member  Second 
Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Solano  District;  United  States  Dis- 
trict Attorney  for  California,  1882-86;  Representative  to  Congress,  1892- 

Hill,  Albert  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1859. 

Hill,  Henry,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San  Diego  Dis- 
trict. 

Hill,  John  H.,  Senator,  Sonoma,  Marin,  etc.,  1861,  1862.  Died,  Philadelphia, 
May  7,  1886. 

Hill,  R.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1858. 

Hill,  Ramon  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo/1863,  1863-64,  1865-66. 

Hill,  Samuel,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1861. 

Hill,  W.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1873-74. 

Hill,  W.  J.,  Senator,  Monterey,  San  Benito,  etc.,  1880,  1881. 


REGISTER  OF  STA  TE  OFFICERS.  631 

Hill,  William,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1858.    Dead.  . 

Hill,  William  McP.,  Senator,  Sonoma,  Napa,  and  Lake,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Hillyer,  E.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1862.  Died,  Carson  City,  Nevada,  May 
10,  1882. 

Hinchman,  A.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1852. 

Hines,  Benjamin  S.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1859. 

Hines,  J.  D.,  Superior  Judge,  Ventura  County,  elected  1879.  Died,  Ventura, 
January  1,  1887. 

Hinshaw,  E.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1871-72, 1875-76,  1877-78,  1881;  Sen- 
ator, Sonoma,  1887,  1889. 

Hirst,  R.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Del  Norte  and  Klamath,  1858,  1863-64. 

Hitchcock,  John  R.  W.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79 
San  Joaquin  District. 

Kitchens,  James,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1858. 

Hittell,  John  S.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863-64. 

Hittell,  Theodore  H.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1880,  1881. 

Hoag,  J.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1862. 

Hoag,  0.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1863-64,  1865-66. 

Hobart,  J.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1858. 

Hobson,  Joseph,  MemBer  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San  Fran- 
cisco District. 

Hocking,  Thomas  C.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1891. 

Hoey,  Lawrence,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 

Hoff,  John  J.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1853,  1854. 

Hoff,  W.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1851. 

Hoffman,  D.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1862;  Presidential  Elector,  1868. 
Died,  San  Diego,  November  20,  1891. 

Hoge,  Joseph  P.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention  (President), 
1878-79,  First  Congressional  District;  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco, 
elected  1888.  Died^  San  Francisco,  August  14,  1891. 

Hogle,  L.  I.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1865-66. 

Hoitt,  IraG.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881;  State  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction,  1887-90. 

Holden,  William,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1857,  1865-66,  1881;  Senator, 
Tuolumne  and  Stanislaus,  1858,  1859;  Lake,  Napa,  etc.,  1862,  1863;  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor, 1867-71.  Died,  Healdsburq,  June  3,  1884. 

Holland,  Nathaniel,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1856. 

Holliday,  S.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1858. 

Hollingsworth,  J.  McH.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849, 
San  Joaquin  District. 

Hollister,  Dwight,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1865-66,  1885. 

Hollister,  H.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1854. 

Hollister,  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1883. 

Holloway,  J.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1877-78. 

Holman,  D.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1861. 

Holman,  G.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1858,  1859. 

Holmes,  E.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1889. 

Holmes,  Samuel  A.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Fresno  District;  Superior  Judge,  Fresno  County,  elected  1879,  1890. 

Hook,  G.  W.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1854,  1855,  1856.  Died,  San  Francisco,  No- 
vember 8,  1868.  , 

Hook,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1889. 

Hoover,  A.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1856. 

Hope,  A.  W.,  Senator,  Los  Angeles  and  San  Diego,  1849-50,  1851.  Died,  Los 
Angeles,  June  17,  1856. 

Hopkins,  Rienzi,  Senator,  Calaveras,  1873-74,  1875-76.  Died,  San  Andreas, 
January  2,  1879. 

Hopkins,  Robert,  Judge  Seventh  Judicial  District,  elected  by  Legislature, 
1850. 

Hopkins,  William  R.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1852. 

Hoppe,  Jacob  D.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San  Jose 
District.  Died,  San  Francisco,  April  17,  1853. 

Hopper,  Peter  J.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1865-66,  1871-72.  Died,  Sacra- 
mento, July  22,  1883. 

Horan,  M.  S.,' Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1869-70.  Died,  San  Francisco,  De- 
cember 9,  1892. 

Horr,  B.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1854.  Died,  Tuolumne  City,  February 
9,  1869. 


632  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Horrell,  T.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Araador,  1861. 

Hosmer,  H.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1855.     Dead. 
Hotchkiss,  W.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1887. 

Hough  taling,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1854. 

Houghton,  James  Franklin,  Surveyor-General,  1862-67;  Regent  State  Uni- 
versity, 1891- 

Houghton,  S.  O.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1871-74. 

Houston,  J.  S.,  State  Controller,  1849-51. 

Howard,  George  H.,  Assemblyman.  San  Mateo,  1865-66. 

Howard,  M.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881. 

Howard,  Volney  E.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Los  Angeles  District;  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  elected,  1879. 

Howard,  W.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1857;  Member  Second 
Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Mariposa  and  Merced  District. 

Howe,  A.  J.,  Superior  Judge,  Sierra  County,  elected  1879. 

Howe,  J.  F.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  John  McDougal. 

Howe,  Robert,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1859,  1860;  San  Francisco,  1873-74; 
Sonoma,  1889;  Speaker,  1889;  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Howell,  Charles  S.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1858.  Killed  by  explosion  of 
steamboat  "J.  A.  McClelland,"  August  25,  1861. 

Howell,  John  M.,  Judge  Eleventh  Judicial  District,  elected  1852. 

Howell,  M.  D.,' Assemblyman,  Plumas,  1863. 

Hoyt,  J.  B.,  Senator,  Solano,  1893. 

Hoyt,  T.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1854. 

Hubbard,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1854. 

Hubbard,  L.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1863-64.  Died,  Surprise  Valley,  Siskiyou 
County,  October  2,  1871. 

Hubbs,  Paul  K.,  Senator,  Tuokimne,  1852,  1853;  State  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction,  1854-56.  Died,  Vallejo,  November  17,  1874. 

Hubert,  N.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1854. 

Hubner,  Charles  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1869-70. 

Hudson,  A.  T.,  Senator,  San  Joaquin  and  Amador,  1880,  1881. 

Hudson,  Rodney  J.,  Superior  Judge,  Lake  County,  elected  1879,  1884. 

Hudson,  T.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1869-70/ 

Hudspeth,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1852;  Senator,  Sonoma,  Marin, 
etc.,  1853,  1854. 

Huestis,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1865-66. 

Huestis,  W.  F.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Third 
Congressional  District. 

Hugg,  Benjamin  P.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1860,  1877-78. 

•Hughes,  Charles  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883.  Died,  Sacramento, 
March  17,  1883. 

Hughes,  J.  T.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego  District,  1849-50. 

Hughey,  William  P.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
San  Francisco  District. 

Hume,  John,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1857.  Died,  La  Grange  County,  Indi- 
ana, August  27,  1867. 

Humphreys,  W.  P.,  Railroad  Commissioner,  Second  District,  1883-86. 

Hundley,  P.  O.,  Assemblyman,  Plumas,  1860;  Judge  Second  Judicial  Dis- 
trict, appointed  1878;  Superior  Judge,  Butte  County,  elected  1879,  1888. 

Hunewill,  F.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Alpine,  Mono,  and  Inyo,  1891. 

Hunt,  A.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1865-66. 

Hunt,  J.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1853. 

Hunt,  Jefferson,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1854,  1856,  1857.    Dead. 

Hunt,  John,  Jr.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1879,  1884,  1890. 

Hunt,  William  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1863-64,  1865-66;  San  Fran- 
cisco, 1885.  Died,  San  Francisco,  November  13,  1889. 

Hunter,  A.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1883. 

Hunter,  Alexander,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1861. 

Hunter,  E.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1854,  1857. 

Hunter,  G.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  Humboldt  County,  appointed  1889,  elected 
1 890. 

Hunter,  G.W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1856;  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1867-68, 
1869-70;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  El  Dorado 
and  Alpine  District.  Dead. 

Hurlburt,  B.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1873-74;  Senator,  Humboldt, 
3885. 

Hurley,  M.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 


REGISTER   OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  633 

Huse,  C.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1853. 

Hussey,  Frank  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 

Hutctiings,  S.  C.,  Senator,  Sutler  and  Tuba,  1869-70,  1871-72. 

Hutson,  J.  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  .loaquin,  1893. 

Hutton,  A.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  appointed  1887. 

Hyde,  M.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1887, 1889. 

Hynes,  James,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1880.     Died,  Petaluma,  March  12, 1882. 

Imas,  Hiram  A.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1859. 

Ingersoll,  T.  J.,  Assembhrman,  Tuolumne,  1852.  Died,  San  Jose,  April  30, 
1880. 

Ingham,  G.  H.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1873-74. 

Inman,  A.,  Assemblyma'n,  Contra  Costa,  1857. 

Jnman,  Daniel,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1869-70;  Member  Second  Consti- 
tutional Convention,  1878-79,  Alameda  District. 

Irelan,  William,  Jr.,  State  Mineralogist,  1886-89,  1889-;  ex-officio  State  En- 
gineer, 1889-91. 

Ireland,  M.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1865-66. 

Irwin,  Charles  F.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1883. 

Irwin,  Richard,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1853,  1854;  Plumas,  1857;  Senator, 
Butte  and  Plumas,  1861,  1862. 

Irwin, William,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1862, 1863;  Senator,  Siskiyou,  1869-70, 
1871-72,  1873-74;  President  pro  tern.,  1873-74;  Lieutenant-Governor,  1875; 
Governor,  1875-80;  Harbor  Commissioner,  1883-86.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
March  15, 1886. 

Jackson,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Modoc  and  Lassen,  1891. 

Jackson,  A.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1859.  Died,  San  Francisco,  Au- 
gust 30,  1876. 

Jackson,  H.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881. 

Jackson,  T.  0.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1862. 

Jacobs,  I.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  189o. 

Jacobsen,  H.  J.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1893. 

James,  D.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1889. 

James,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1854.  Died,  Carson,  Nevada,  January  24, 
1874.  • 

James,  John  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1867-68. 

James,  W.  T.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1871-72. 

Jamison,  S.  I.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1875-76. 

January,  William  A.,  State  Treasurer,  1883-84. 

Jeiferis,  E.  G.,  State  Printer,  1875.     Died,  Sacramento,  March  28,  1880. 

Jenkins,  T.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1857. 

Jenkins,  T.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1860. 

Jenkins,  T.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1875-76. 

Jennison,  S.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1863-64. 

Jessup,  Richard  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1857.  Died,  Panama, 
February  3;  1865. 

Jewett,  John  H.,  Presidential  Elector,  1876. 

Johnson,  A.  P.,  Senator,  San  Bernardino,  1885. 

Johnson,  C.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1861. 

Johnson,  D.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1893. 

Johnson,  G.  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1863,  1865-66. 

Johnson,  George  A.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  So- 
noma District ;  Senator,  Sonoma,  1883,  1885;  Attorney-General,  1887-90. 

Johnson,  Grove  L.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1877-78';  Senator,  Sacra- 
mento, 1880,  1881. 

Johnson,  H.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1893. 

Johnson,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1855. 

Johnson,  J.  K.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou  and  Del  Xorte,  1885. 

Johnson,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Alpine  and  Amador,  1869-70. 

Johnson,  J.  Neely,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1853;  Governor,  1856-57. 
Died,  Salt  Lake,  Utah,  August  31,  1872. 

Johnson,  James,  Senator,  El'Dorado,  1865-66,  1867-68.     Died,  Oakland,  1888. 

Johnson,  James  A.,  Assemblyman.  Sierra,  1859, 1860;  Representative  to  Con- 
gress, 1867-70;  Lieutenant-Governor,  1875-79;  Registrar  of  Voters,  San 
Francisco,  1883-85. 

Johnson,  Josiah,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1857,  1858.  Died,  Sacramento,  Decem- 
,  ber,  10,  1888. 

Johnson,  Matthew  F.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1883-86;  Superior  Judge, 
Sacramento  County,  1892- 


634  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Johnson,  P.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1860.    Died,  Jackson,  September  8,. 

1861. 

Johnson,  R.  S.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1889,  1891. 
Johnson,  S.  M.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1857,  1858. 
Johnson,  Sanborn,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1863-64. 
Johnson,  W.  Neely,  State  Librarian,  1870. 
Johnston,  Alfred  J.,  State  Printer,  1891- 
Johnston,  F.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Xapa,  1883. 

Johnston,  George  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1855.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, March  4,  1884- 

Johnston,  William,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1871-72;  Senator,  Sacra- 
mento, 1880,  1881;  President  pro  tern.,  1881;  Member  of  State  Board  of 
Equalization,  1882. 

Jones,  Albert  F.,  Senator,  Butte,  1887,  1889. 
Jones,  Charles  T.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1885. 
Jones,  Cyrus,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1875-76. 
Jones,  F.  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 
Jones,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1854.    Died,  Carson  City,  Nevada,  January 

&4,  1874. 

Jones,  Joseph  P.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1881. 
Jones,  John  M.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San  Joaquin 

District.     Died,  San  Jose,  December  14,  1851. 
Jones,  John  P.,  Senator,  Shasta  and  Trinity,  1863-64,  1865-66. 
Jones,  Joseph  P.,  Superior  Judge,  Contra  Costa  County,  elected  1886,  1890.   . 
Jones,  L.  F.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Mariposa, 

Merced  and  Stanislaus  District. 
Jones,    T.   E.,    Assemblyman,    Trinity,    1867-68;   Superior   Judge,    Trinity 

County,  elected  1879,  1884,  1890. 
Jones,  W.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1852. 
Jones,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1855. 
Jordan,   William  H.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1885,  1887;  Speaker  of  the 

House,  1887. 

Josselyn,  E.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1880. 
Jost,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1871-72. 
Jourdan,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76. 
Joyce,  Peter  J.,   Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San' 

Francisco  District. 

Kabler,  Nicolas,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1858. 
Kahn,  Julius,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 
Kalben,  E.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 
Kane,  Thomas,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1880, 1881. 

Keating,  Edward,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881;  Senator,  San  Fran- 
cisco, 1883.    Died,  San  Francisco,  March  11,  1889. 
Keeler,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Inyo  and  Mono,  1883. 
Keene,  B.  F.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1852,  1853,  1854,  1855;  President  pro  tern., 

of  the  Senate,  1853,  1854.     Died,  Placerville,  September  5,  1856. 
Kelley,  John  M.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1867-68,  1869-70;  Member  Second  Con- 
stitutional Convention,  1878-79,  Third  Congressional  District.   Died,  Wil- 
lows, May  22,  1881. 

Kelley,  K.  E.,  Senator,  Solano,  Yolo,  1883. 
Kellogg,  E.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1851. 
Kellogg,  E.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1891. 
Kellogg,  H.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1854. 
Kellogg,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Plumas  and  Lassen,  1881;  Senator,  Butte, 

Plumas,  etc.,  1883,  1885. 

Kelly,  M.  T.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1883,  1885. 
Kelly,  Martin,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1880,  1881.    Died,  Oakland,  May  30,. 

1890. 

Kelly,  R.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Plumas,  1856. 
Kendall,  C.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1£62. 
Kendall,  Thomas,  Senator,  Tuolumne,  1854,  1855. 

Kendrick,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1851 ;  San  Diego,  1856,  1857, 1863-64. 
Kenfield,  D.  M.,  State  Controller,  1880-83.     Died,  San  Francisco,  September  28, 

1883. 

Kennedy,  John  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 
Kennedy,  John  O'B.,  Assemblyman,  1875-76. 

Kenny /Bernard  F.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San- 
Francisco  District.     Died,  San  Francisco,  November  21,  1878. 


REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  635 

Kenny,  John  J.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 

Francisco  District. 
Kent,  Charles,  Senator,  Nevada,  1871-72,  1873-74.    Died,  San  Francisco,  May 

21,  1891. 
Kercheval,  Reuben,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1873-74,  1877-78.    Died,  on 

Grand  Island,  Sacramento  County,  May  9,  1881. 
Kerns,  T.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1893. 
Kerr,   George,   assigned  the  contract  (George  Kerr  &  Co.)  to  do  the  State 

printing,  1853,  law  repealed  1854.     Died,  Stockton,  March  ^,  1854- 
Kerrick,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1883. 
Ketcham,  Lewis  Nesbit,  Senator,  Calaveras  and  Amador,  1858,  1859.    Died, 

Yreka,  January  17,  1872. 

Kewen,  E.  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1863,  1863-64;  Attorney-Gen- 
eral, 1849-50.    Died,  Los  Angeles.  November  25,  1879. 
Keyes,  James  H.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Yuba 

and  Sutter  District.    Died,  Cloverdale,  August  25,  1880. 
Keys,  T.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1855,  1863;  Senator,  Mariposa  and 

Stanislaus,  1871-72,  1873-74. 
Keyser,  Philip  W.,  Senator,  Sutter,  1852;    Judge  Tenth   Judicial  District, 

elected  1869,  1875;  Superior  Judge,  Yuba  and  Sutter  Counties,  elected 

1879,  1884,  1890.     Died,  Yuba  City^  January  15,  1891. 
Kibbe,  William  C.,  Adjutant-General,  1852-63. 
Kidder,  J.  F.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1865-66. 
Kiernan,  C.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889.    Died,  Oakland,  July  16, 

1889. 

Kilburn,  Paris,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1881. 
Kimball,  William,  Senator,  Sierra,  1862. 
Kincaid,  H.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  etc.,  1867-68,  1869-70.    . 
Kincaid,  J.  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863. 
King,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1860. 
King,  Homer,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1858.     Died,  Sacramento,  February  28, 

^1876. 

King,  James  L.,  Member  of  State  Board  of  Equalization,  1880-83. 
King,  W.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1869-70. 
Kinney,  Asa,  Assemblyman,  Plumas,  1855. 
Kip,  Alpheas,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1852. 
Kirkpatrick,  M.,  Senator,  Sierra,  1859,  1860. 

Kittridge,  F.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1853.    Died,  Santa  Cruz,  Febru- 
ary 13,  1879. 
Klein,  Charles  R.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 

Francisco  District. 
Klotz,  Rudolph,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1873-74.    Died,  Shasta  County,  April 

7,  1885, 
Knight,  Beniamin;  Senator,  Santa  Cruz,  etc.,  1883,  1885;  President  pro  tem.r 

1885. 
Knight,  George  A.,  Insurance  Commissioner,  1882-86;  Presidential  Elector, 

1888;  Attorney  State  Board  of  Health,  1891- 
Knight,  Samuel,  'Assemblyman,  San   Joaquin,  1853.     Died,  San  Francisco, 

April  16,  1866. 

Knight,  W.  H.,  Bank  Commissioner,  1890- 
Knox,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1887. 
Knox,  Martin,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1873-74. 
Knox,  William  J.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1855;  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1865- 

66.     Died,  San  Francisco,  November  13,  1867. 
Koll,  F.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1854. 
Koutz,  John,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1869-70,  1875-76. 
Kunu-le,  C.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1860,  .1861. 
Kurtz,  D.  B.,  Senator,  San  Diego,  1853,  1854;  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1861, 

1865-66. 

Kutz,  Joseph,  Senator,  Nevada,  1862,  1863,- 1863-64,  1865-66.    Dead. 
La  Blanc,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 
Lacey,  C.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1891. 
Lafferty,  John,   Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885.    Died,  San  Francisco, 

February  24,  1886. 

La  Grange,  O.  H.,  Presidential  Elector,  1^68. 
La  Grave,  C.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1889. 
Laine,  Thomas  H.,  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1873-74,  1875-76;  Member  Second 


636  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

.1 

Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Santa  Clara  District.    Died,  Santa 

Clara,  March  15,  1890. 
Lake,  Delos,  Judge  Fourth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1851,  elected  1852. 

Died,  San  Francisco,  August  8,  1882. 
Lalor,  E.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1861. 
Lamar,  Joseph  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma  and  Mendocino,  1859,  1860.  Died, 

San  Jose,  July  27,  1892. 
Lambert,  John,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1860 ;  Senator,  Yolo  and  Solano,  1877-78. 

Died,  Woodland,  March  20,  1890. 

Lambert,  John,  Assemblyman,  Lassen  and  Plumas,  1869-70. 
Lambourn,  Frederick,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1875-76. 
Lammers,  Martin,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1875-76. 
Lamon,  R.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1856. 
Lampson,   R.  M.,  Senator,  Calaveras  and  Tuolumne,  1880,  1881;  Member 

Second  Constitutional  Convention,   1878-79,   Tuolumne  and  Calaveras 

District.     Died,  Chinese  Camp,  March  13,  1885, 
Lane,  Michael,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880,  1881. 
Lane,  T.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus  and  Merced,  1862. 
Langdon,  L.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1863-64. 
Langford,  B.  F..  Senator,  San  Joaquin  and  Amador,  1880,  1881,  1883,  1885, 

1887,  1889,  1891,  1893;  Member  Board  of  Agriculture,  District  No.  2,  San 

Joaquin  and  Calaveras  counties. 
Lansing.  C.  J.,  Senator,  Nevada,  1859,  1860;  President  pro  tern.,  1860.    Died, 

Eureka,  Nevada,  August  7,  1884. 

Larkin,  Henry,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1869-70,  1871-72;  Member  Second  Con- 
stitutional Convention,  1878-79,  El  Dorado  District. 

Larkin,  Thomas  0.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Monte- 
rey District.     Died,  San  Francisco,  October  27,  1858. 

La  Rue,  Hugh  M.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Sec- 
ond Congressional  District;  Assemblyman  (^Speaker),  Sacramento,  1883; 

Member  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  1884-92. 
La  Rue,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1893. 
Larue,  James  B.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1857.  Died,  Brooklyn,  California, 

January  7,  1872. 
Laspeyre,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1859, 1860,  1861.    Died,  Butte 

City,  Montana,  September  9,  1883. 
Latham,  Milton  S.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1853-54;  Governor,  1860; 

United  States  Senator,  1860-63.    Died,  New  York,  March  4,  1882. 
Latimer,  L.  D.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  appointed  1880. 
Laughlin,  S.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1885. 
Lavinge,  Raymond,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 

Francisco  District. 

Law,  J.  K.,  Superior  Judge,  Merced  County,  elected  1890. 
Law,  James  L.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1852. 

Lawler,  F.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1880,  1886. 
Lawrence,  A.  C.,  Assemblvman,  Trinity,  1860. 
Lawrence,  A.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 
Leach,  Frank  A.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1880,  1881. 
Leach,  Reuben,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1862,  1865-66. 
Leadbetter,  W.  R.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1880. 
Leake,  Charles  A.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1853;  Senator,  Calaveras,  1854, 

1855.  Died,  Pioche,  August  12,  1870. 
Leake,  E.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1881;  Clerk  of  the  Assembly,  1883,  1889; 

Member  Board  of  Agriculture,  District  No.  36,  Solano  County,  1889-91. 
Leary,  Daniel  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 
Lee,  Bruce  B.,  Assemblvman,  Sacramento,  1867-68;  Harbor  Commissioner, 

1876-80.    Died,  Red  Bluff,  1890. 
Lee,  C.   V.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1853.    Died,  Santa  Barbara, 

January  11,  1863. 
Lee,  Harvey,  Assemblyman,  Amador  and  Alpine,  1865-66;  Supreme  Court 

Reporter,  1856-60;    Judge  Sixteenth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1866. 

Died,  Sacramento,  August  19,  1866. 
Lee,  0.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1871-72. 

Leet,  S.  T.,  Senator,  Placer,  1860,  1861.     Died,  Oakland,  December  20,  1890. 
Lefever,  Josiah,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1859. 

Leihy,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1856.    Died,  Arizona,  Novem- 
ber 18,  1866. 
Lemon,  James  M.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1865-66. 


REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  637 

Lenahan,  John,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1887. 

Lent,  W.  M.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1854. 

Leonard,  W.  H.,  Senator,  Calaveras,  1863-64,  1865-66.  Died,  Sacramento,  Sep- 
tember 18,  1875. 

Letcher,  William  S.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1853,  1854. 

Levee,  J.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1880. 

Leverson,  M.  R.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

Levy,  Walter  H.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  appointed  1885,  elected  1886, 
1888. 

Lewelling,  E.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1869-70.    Died,  St.  Helena,  May  1, 

Lewis,  David,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Joaquin  District.  Died,  Linden,  September,  28,  1883. 

Lewis,  E.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa,  1856,  Tehama  and  Colusa,  1858;  Senator, 
Colusa  and  Tehama,  1867-68,1869-70,  1875-76,1877-78;  President  pro.  tern.-, 
1869-70,  1877-78;  Superior  Judge,  Tehama  County,  elected  1879.  Died, 
Red  Bluff,  April  20,  1881. 

Lewis,  Edwin,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 

Lewis,  George  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 

Lewis,  Joseph  E.  N.,  Senator,  Butteand  Shasta,  1852.  Died,  Oroville,  June  26, 
1869. 

Lewis,  Oscar,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881. 

Lewis,  Samuel,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1860. 

Lewis,  William  T.,  Senator,  Calaveras  and  Amador,  1858,  1862,  1863.  Died, 
San  Andreas,  April  20,  1887. 

Lewison,  J.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1883. 

Lies,  Eugene,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1859. 

Lightner,  C.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1859. 

Lincoln,  Charles  G.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1855.  Died,  New  York,  December 
18,  1884. 

Lind,  John  Y.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1851;  Senator,  Calaveras  and 
Amador,  1852,  1853. 

Lindley,  Curtis  H.,  Superior  Judge,  Amador  County,  appointed  1884. 

Lindow,  John  F.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Lindsey,  Tipton,  Senator,  Fresno,  Tulare,  and  Kern,  1873-74,  1875-76. 

Lindsey,  William  H.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1854. 

Lippincott,  Benjamin  S.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San 
Joaquin  District;  Senator,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50, 1851;  Assembly- 
man, San  Francisco,  1854;  Calaveras,  1856.  Died,  Red  Bank,  New  Jersey, 
November  22,  1870. 

Lippincott,  Charles  E.,  Senator,  Yuba,  1855,  1856. 

Lippitt,  Francis  J.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Lisle,  D.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1851.  Died,  San  Francisco,  February 
8,  1855. 

Litchfield,  J.  M.,  Bank  Commissioner,  1882-86;  Railroad  Commisioner,  Sec- 
ond District,  1891- 

Little,  W.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1871-72. 

Littlefield,  S.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1863-64. 

Livermore,  H.  G.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1854.  Died,  Oakland,  November  11,  1879. 

Livermore.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1857. 

Loewy,  William,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862. 

Lofton,  F.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1871-72. 

Logan,  J.,  Senator,  Colusa,  Shasta,  etc.,  1860,  1861. 

Long,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1871-72. 

Long,  J.  D.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 

Long,  J.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1857. 

Long,  L.  F.,    Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1877-78. 

Long,  R.  A.,  Presidential  Elector,  1893. 

Long,  W.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1881. 

Long,  W.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1873-74,  1885. 

Long,  William  S.,  Assemblyman,  Tehama  and  Colusa,  1865-66.  Died,  Shasta, 
February  12,  1871. 

Logan,  Janies  H.,  Superior  Judge,  Santa  Cruz  County,  elected  1879. 

Loofborrow,  D.  T.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1858. 

Lorigan,  W.  G.,  Superior  Judge,  Santa  Clara  County,  elected  1890. 


£38  REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS. 

Lott,  Charles  F.,  Senator.  Butte,  1852,  1853;    Judge  Second  Judicial  District, 

elected  1869. 
Loud,  Eugene  F.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885;      Representative  to 

Congress,  1891,  1893- 

Louttit,  James  A.,  Representative  to  Congress;  1885-86. 
Love,  David,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1862. 
Love,  John  Lord,  Attorney-General,  1871-75. 
Lovell,  F.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885, 
Lovell,  S.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1860. 
Lovett,  W.  E.,  Senator,  Monterey  and  Santa  Cruz,  1863-64.    Died,  Oakland, 

January,  25,  1883. 
Low,  Frederick  F.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1861-62;  Governor,  1863-67; 

Minister  to  China,  confirmed  December  21,  1869. 
Lowe,  James  R.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1889, 1891;  Senator,Santa  Clara, 

1885;  Trustee  Reform'School  for  Juvenile  Offenders  at  Whittier,  1888-92. 
Ludgate,     Robert,     Assemblyman,    Amador,   1877-78.      Died,    Sacramento, 

February  15,  1878. 

Ludlow,  W.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1863-64. 
Lull,  Louis  R.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1859. 
Lupton,  Samuel  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1865-66,  1867-68. 
Luttrell,  J.  K.,  Assemblyman,  Siskivou,  1865-66,  1871-72;  Representative  to 

Congress,  1873-78;  State  Prison  Director,  1887-89. 
Luttringer,  R.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 
Lux,  A.  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 
Lux,  Frederick,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1863,  1863-64. 
Lynch,  J.  D.,  Presidential  Elector,  1893. 

Lynch,  Jeremiah,  Senator,  San  Francisco  and  San  Mateo,  1883, 1885. 
Lynch,  John,  Assemblyman,   San    Francisco,   1863-64.    Died,  Stockton,  De- 
cember 30,  1866. 

Lynch,  John  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1891,  1893*. 
Lynch,  Philip,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1859.   Died,  Gold  Hill,  February  14,  1872. 
Lyons,  Henry  A.,  Chief- Justice,  1852.      Died,  San  Francisco,  July  27\  1872. 
Lyons,  William   H.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,   1852;  Senator,  Nevada,  1853, 

1854.     Died,  Stockton,  June  27,  1885. 
McAllister,  A.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1862. 
McAllister,  Elliott,  Senator,  Contra  Costa  and  Marin,  1893. 


McCallion,  John  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880,  1881.  Died,  San 
Francisco,  June  6,  1883, 

McCallum,  D.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1873-74.  Died,  Mendocino 
County,  May,  1876. 

McCallum,  Jotin  G.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1856,1857;  Presidential  Elector, 
1864;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Alameda  Dis- 
trict. 

McCandless,  A.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1851;  Sutter,  1853. 

McCann,  F.  J.,  Superior  Judge,  Santa  Cruz  County,  elected  1884,  1890. 

McCarthy,  D.  J.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1887. 

McCarthy,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880. 

McCarthy,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 

McCarthy,  John  W.,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1883-85. 

McCarthy7,  Michael,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, October  30,  1884. 

McCarthy,  Timothy,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1875-76,  1877-78, 1883.  .  r 

McCarty,  A.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Lake,  1880. 

McCarver,  M.  M.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Sacra- 
mento District. 

McCauley,  C.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,1893. 

McClaskey,  C.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1869-70. 

McClaskey,  Calvin,  Assemblyman,  Plumas  and  Lassen,  1883, 

McClelland,  J.  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1865-66.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, September  17,  1884. 

McClenahan,  F.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1887. 

McClure,  David,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881 ;  Senator,  San  Francisco, 
1883,  1885.  Died,  San  "Francisco,.  December,  8,  1888.  . 

McClure,  R.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1877-78.  Died,  Mission  San  Jose, 
December  9,  1879. 


REGISTER  OF  STA  TE   OFFICERS.  639 

.McColliam,  T.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863-64. 

McComas,  J.  E.,  Senator,  Los  Angeles,  1887,  1889,  1891. 

JSlcComas,  Rush,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1877-78,  1880;  Member  Second 

Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Santa  Clara  District. 
McConaha,  G.  X.,  Assemblyman,   Sacramento,  1852.    Drowned,  Seattle,  May 

4,  185A. 

-McConneil,  H.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1855. 

McConnell,  Jobn  R.,   Attorney-General,   1854-55;   Assemblyman,  Los  An- 
geles, 1875-76;    Trustee  of"  State  Library,   1861-63,1870.    Died,  Denver, 

Colorado,  August  18,  1879. 
McConnell,  Thomas,   Member  Second    Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 

Sacramento  District. 

JMcCoppin,  Frank,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1875-76,  1877-78. 
McCorkle,  Joseph  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter,  1851;  Representative  to  Con- 
gress,  1851-52;   Judge    Ninth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1853.    Died, 

Maryland,  March  30,  1884. 
-McCouri,  W.  H.,  Senator,  San  Joaquin  and  Contra  Costa,  1855,  1856.  Killed  at 

Cavorca,  Mexico,  April  7,  1857. 

.McCoy.  James,  Senator,  San  Diego,  etc.,  1871-72,  1873-74. 
McCoy,  John,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,   1878-79,  Nevada 

District. 

McCoy,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1858. 
McCudden,  James,  Senator,  Solano,  1887. 
.McCullough,  John  G.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1862;   Senator,   Mariposa, 

Merced,  etc.,  1863;  Attorney-General,  1863-67. 
McCullough,   Samuel,  Assemblyman,   San  Francisco,    1871-72.    Died,  San 

Mateo  County,  June  11,  1890. 
McCune,  H.  E.,'  Senator,  Solano  and  Yolo,  1873-74;  Trustee  of  State  Library, 

1891- 

MxjCurdy,  Samuel,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1855. 
McCusick,  H.  J.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1871-72,  1873-74. 

McCutcheon,  J.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa,  1855.    Died,  Sandwich  Islands,  1859. 
McDade,  J.  J.,  Assembly  ma*!!,  San  Francisco,  1880. 
McDaniel,  C.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1854. 
McDermit,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1860. 
McDonald,  F.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1863. 
McDonald,  George,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1854,    1857.    Died,    Berkeley, 

March  19,  1885. 

McDonald,  J.  M.,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1859,  1860. 
McDonald,  J.  R.,  State  Treasurer,  1891- 
McDonald,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San'Francsico,  1881. 
. McDonald,  Thomas  H.,  Assemblyman,   San  Francisco,  1883,1885;  Senator, 

San  Francisco,  1887,  1889. 

McDonald,  Walter,  Assemblyman,  Klamath,  1856. 
McDonnell,  James,  Jr.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1887. 
McDougal,  F.  A.,  Senator,  Monterey  and  Santa  Cruz,  1867-68,  1869-70. 
McDougal,  John,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Sacramento 

District;     Lieutenant-Governor,    1849-50;    Governor,    1851.      Died,    San 

Francisco,  March  30,  1866. 

McDougall,  James  A.,  Attorney-General,  1850-51;  Representative  to  Con- 
gress, 1853-54;  United  States  Senator,  1861-66.  Died,  Albany,  New  York, 

September  3,  1867. 

McDougall,  William  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1851. 
McDurrTe,  James  Y.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1854. 
Mace,  R.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1865-66,  1867-68,  1877-78. 
.McElhany,  W.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  etc.,  1867-68. 
McElroy,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1893. 
McFarlaiid,  J.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1853;  Senator,  Los    Angeles, 

etc.,  1854,  1855. 

McFarland,  Thomas  B.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1856;  Judge  Fourteenth 
Judicial  District,  elected  1861,  1863;  Member  Second  Constitutional 
Convention,  1878-79,  Sacramento  District;  Superior  Judge,  Sacramento 

•County,  appointed  1882,  elected  1884;  Supreme  Justice,  1887- 
McGarry,  Edward,  Assemblyman,  Napa,  1853;   Senator,  Napa,   Solano,   and 

Yolo,  1854,  1855.     Died,  San  Francisco,  December  31,  1867. 
JStcGarvey,   Robert,   Senator,   Mendocino,   etc.,   1875-76,   1877-78;    Superior 

.Judge,  Mendocino  County,  elated  1879,  1884,  1890. 


640  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

McGee,  John  B.,  Assemblyman,  Bntte,  1854;  Senator,  Butte  and  Flu  mas  1856, 
1857. 

McGehee,  M.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1856. 

McGlasban,  Charles  P.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1885. 

McGowan,  James,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 

McGowan,  J.  Frank,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1887;  Senator,  Humboldt 
and  Del  Norte,  1889,  1891,  1893. 

McHale,  P.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1883. 

Machin,  T.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1862,  18G3;  Speaker,  1863; 
Lieutenant-Governor,  1863-67. 

Mclnerny,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76. 

Mclntosn,  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1880. 

McJunkin,  Hugh  K.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 

McKamy,  J.,  Assemblyman,  Napa,  1853. 

McKee,  Samuel  Bell,  Judge  Third  Judicial  District,  elected  1858,  1863,  1869, 
1875;  Supreme  Justice,  1880-86.  Died,  Oakland,  March  2,  1887. 

McKenna,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1875-76;  Representative  to  Con- 
gress, 1885-92;  Commissioner  to  attend  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the 
Inauguration  of  George  Washington  as  President  of  the  United  States, 
1888;  United  States  Circuit  Judge,  Ninth  Circuit,  March  18,  1892- 

McKenzie,  F.  S.,  Assemblyman,   Trinity,  1852. 

McKeown,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1889.  Died,  Alameda,  February 
7,  1890. 

McKibben,  Joseph  C.,  Senator,  Yuba,  1852,  1853;  Representative  to  Con- 
gress, 1857-58. 

Mckim,  W.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1852. 

McKinley,  B.  F.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

McKinley,  D.  A.,  Presidential  Elector  1876.  Died,  San  Francisco,  September 
20,  1892. 

McKinley,  J.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  appointed  1889, 
elected  1890. 

McKinney,  F.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1854.  Killed  at  Cavorca,  Mexico, 
April  7,  1857 

McKinstry,  Elisha  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento  District,  1849-50;  Adju- 
tant-General, 1851-52;  Judge  Seventh  and  Twelfth  Judicial  Districts, 
elected  1852,  1858,  1869;  Supreme  Justice,  1874-88. 

McKune,  John  H.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1857;  Judge  Sixth  Judicial 
District,  elected,  1858,  1863. 

Maclay,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1862;  Presidential  Elector, 
1864 ;  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1867-68, 1869-70,  1871-72.  Died,  San  Fernando, 
July  19,  1890. 

McLean,  Alexander,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1885. 

McMahon,  James,  Assemblyman,  Klamath,  1853. 

McMann,  William,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76. 

McMeans,  S.  A.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1852,  1853;  State  Treasurer, 
1854-55.  Died,  Reno,  Nevada,  July  31,  1876, 

McMertry,  Louis,  Superior  Judge,  San  Luis  Obispo  County,  elected  1879. 
Died,  San  Luis  Obispo,  February  11,  1883. 

McMillen,  C.  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1869-70. 

McMullin,  George  0.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1869-70.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
March  1,  1885. 

McMullin,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1889. 

McMurray,  James  D.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,,  1869-70,  Died,  Placerville, 
March  18,  1872. 

McMurray,  John,  Assemblyman,  Trinity  and  Shasta,  1869-70,1881;  Senator, 
Shasta  and  Trinity,  1871-72, 1873-74. 

McMurray,  V.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 

McMurtry,  W.  S.,  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1863-64. 

McNabb,  James  H.,  Senator,  Sonoma,  1863. 

McNealy,  W.  T.,  Judge  Eighteenth  Judicial  District,  elected  1873;  Superior 
Judge,  San  Diego  County,  elected  1879,  1884. 

McNeill,  J.  A.,  Senator,  Mariposa,  etc.,  1855,  1856. 

McNutt,  JohnF.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Yuba 
District. 

McRuer,  D.  C.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1865-66. 

McVay,  John,  Assemblyman,  Del  Norte  and  Siskiyou,  1889. 

Mack,'P.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Alpine,  Inyo,  and  Mono,  1893. 

Maddox,  C.  H.,  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1883. 


REGISTER   OF  STA  TE   OFFICERS.  641 

Maddox,  F.  L.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1863-64,  1865-66.    Died,  Georgetown,  April 

4,  1S71. 
Magrnder,   Lloyd,   Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1861.    Died,  Washington   Territory, 

1863. 

Maguire,  A.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880. 
Maguire,  James  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76;  Superior  Judge, 

San  Francisco,  elected  1882;  Representative  to  Congress,  1893. 
Maher,  Thomas  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889;  Senator,  San  Fran- 
cisco, 1891,  1893. 
Mahler,  Henry,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1885;   Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1887, 

1889. 

Maholmb,  J.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1865-66. 
Mahon,  Frank,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1867-68. 
Mahon,  E.  B.,  Superior  Judge,  Marin  County,  elected  1884. 
Mahoney,  David,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1854,  1855.    Died,  San  Francisco, 

November  22,  1880. 

Mahoney,  J.  H.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1891,  1893. 
Makins,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1860. 
Malarin,  Mariano,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1859,  1860. 
Mandeville,  James  W.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1853,  1854;  Senator,  Tuol- 

umne,  etc.,  1855,  1856,  1857,  1867-68,  1869-70;  State  Controller,  1875.     Died, 

Sacramento,  February  4,  1876. 

Mann,  Henry  R.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 
Mansfield,  John,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Fourth 

Congressional  District ;  Lieutenant-Governor,  1880-82. 
Mardis,  B.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1867-68.   Died,  Sacramento, 

February  7,  1873. 

Marion,  F.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1891. 

Markham,  H.  H.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1885-87;  Governor,  1891- 
Markley,  John,  Member  of  State  Board  of  Equalization,  1883-86;   Private 

Secretary  to  Governor  Washington  Bartlett. 
Markley,  William  J.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1858. 
Marks,  Charles  H.,  Superior  Judge,  Merced  County,  elected  1879,  1884. 
Marks,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 
Marlette,  S.  H.,  Surveyor-General,  1854-55. 
Marshall,  B.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1858. 
Marshall,   E.   C.,   Representative  to  Congress,   1851-52;    Attorney-General, 

1883-86. 

Marsteller,  M.,  Superior  Judge,  Lassen  County,  elected  1884. 
Marston,  B.  0.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne  am)  Mariposa,  1893. 
Martin,  Andrew  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 
Martin,  Edward,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Fourth 

Congressional  District. 
Martin,  J.  W.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Second 

Congressional  District. 

Martin,  James  C.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1869-70. 
Martin,  Montgomery,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles  District,  1849-50. 
Martin,  Noble',  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1891;  Senator,  Placer,  1873-74,  1875-76; 

El  Dorado  and  Placer,  1893. 

Martin,  R.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1869-70. 
Martin,  S.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1867-68,  1883. 
Martin,  Seth,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1863,  1863-64. 
Martin,  W.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1853. 
Marvin,  John  G.,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  1851-53.    Died, 

Honolulu,  December  10,  1857. 
Maslin,  E.  W.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  William  Irwin ;  Trustee  of  State 

Library,  1878-82,  1884-85;  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Equalization, 

1869-71,  1880-91. 

Mason,  W.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Del  Norte,  1881. 
Masten,  W.  T.,  Superior  Judge,  Lassen  County,  elected  1890. 
Mathers,  George  B.,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1871-72. 
Mathews,  W.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Tehama,  Colusa,  etc.,  1880,  1881,  1887,  1889, 

1893. 

Matlock,  James  T.,  Assemblyman,  Tehama,  1891. 
Matthews,  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1862;  San  Benito,  1881,  1883,  1887, 

1893. 
Matthews,  J.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1891;  Senator,  1893. 

41 


642  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Matthews,  R.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1856. 

Matthews,  William  R.,  Assemblyman,  Napa,  1859. 

Mattingly,  R.  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1867-68. 

Maxsoii,  W.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1860. 

May,  W.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78,  1880,  1881, 1885;  Senator, 

Trinity,  Klamath,  etc.,  1854,  1855. 
Maybell,  Stephen,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880. 
Mayfield,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Napa,  1877-78. 
Mayhew,  H.  A.,  Superior  Judge,  Tehama  County,  appointed  1881. 
Mead,  M.  H.,  Senator,  Modoc.  Lassen,  etc.,  1889,  1891. 
Meagher,  Michael,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1867-68. 
Meany,  A.  J.,  Senator,  Merced,  Stanislaus,  etc.,  1889,  1891.    Died,   Merced, 

November  25,  1891. 

Mears,  William  T.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1885, 
Mebius,  C.  F.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863-64. 
Meeker,  David,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1871-72.    Died,  San  Francisco, 

May  21,  1891. 

Mem,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1881. 
Mellus,  Francis,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1855. 
Melone,  Drury,  Secretary  of  State,  1871-75. 
Meloney,  A.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1856;  State  Controller,  1858-59; 

Senator,   San   Joaquin  and   Contra  Costa,  1857,   1858.     Died,  Lafayette, 

Contra  Costa  County,  March  1,  1861. 
Me.ntzel,  Otto,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1867-68. 

Meredith,  G.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1865-66.    Died,  St.  Helena,  July  13,  1892. 
Meredith,  H.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  18.55. 
Meridith,  W.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1853. 
Merrit,  George,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1869-70. 
Merritt,  Samuel  A.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1851,  1852;  Senator,  Mariposa, 

etc.,  1857,  1858;  President  pro  tern.,  1858. 
Merry,  T.  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880. 
Mesick,  R.  S.,  Senator,  Yuba,  1857,  1858. 
Messenger,  H.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1880. 

Meyers,  Samuel,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1862,  1863, 1873-74, 1877-78. 
Micheltorena,  Manuel,  Governor  under  Mexican  rule,  1842-45.    Died,  Mex- 
ico, September  7,  1853. 

Middleton,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1867-68. 
Miles,  Benjamin  H.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1857.     Died,  Arizona,  1858. 
Miles,  S.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1857.     Died,   Sierra  County,  May  8,  1869. 
Miller,  E.  0.,  Register  United  States  Land  Office,  1888-1889;  Trustee  of  State 

Library,  1891- 

Miller,  H.  B.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1893. 
Miller,  James,  Senator,  Mariposa,  1851,  1852. 
Miller,  James  H.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1869-70,  1877-78. 
Miller,  John  F.,  Presidential  Elector,   1872,  1876;  Member  Second  Consti- 
tutional Convention,  1878-79,  First  Congressional  District;  United  States 

Senator,  1881-86.     Died,  Washington,  D.  C.,  March  8,1886. 
Miller,  L.,  Assemblyman,  Amador  and  Alpine,  1873-74. 
Miller,  N.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1861. 
Miller,  William  J.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1869-70. 
Millington,  Seth,  Superior  Judge,  Glenn  County,  elected  1891. 
Mills,  Hiram,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Contra 

Costa  District. 
Minis,  William,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1858;  Senator,  Yolo  and  Solano,  1869- 

70,  1871-72;  Surveyor-General,  1875-79. 

Minor,  W.  O.,  Superior  Judge,  Stanislaus  County,  elected  1884,  1890, 
Miro,  Emanuel,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1857. 
Mitchell,  A.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno  and  Tulare,  1858. 
Mitchell,  E.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1863-64. 
Mitchell,  M.  N.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1857. 
Mitchell,  T.  F.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1893. 
Mitchell,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 
Mizner,  Lansing  B.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  John  Bigler,  first  term; 

Senator,  Yolo  and  Solano,  1865-66, 1867-1868;  President  pro  tern.,  1867-68; 

Presidential  Elector,  1888;    Minister  to  Central  American  States,  March 

30, 1889-December  31, 1890. 
Moffat,  S.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Inyo  and  Mono,  1877-78.    Died,  San  Francisco, 

1883. 


REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  643 

Moffatt,  William  S.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
San  Mateo  District. 

Moffitt,  A.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1883.  Died,  San  Fernando,  June 
10,  1884. 

Moffitt,  Frank  J.,  Assemblyman.  Alameda,  1885;  Senator,  Alameda,  1887, 
1889. 

Monson,  A.  C.,  Judge  Sixth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1852,  elected  1852. 

Montague,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity  and  Shasta,  1877L78. 

Montgomery,  J.  M.,  Senator,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1875-76,  1877-78. 

Montgomery,  W.  S.,  Senator,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1863-64,  1865-66. 

Montgomery,  Zacli.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter,  1861.* 

Mooney,  J.  S.,  Assemblyman, 'Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1869-70. 

Moore,  Benjamin  Fi,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San 
Joaquin  District;  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50,  Tuol- 
umne, 1851.  Dead. 

Moore,  E.  J.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1854,  1855. 

Moore,  George,  Superior  Judge,  Amador  County,  elected  1879.  Died,  Jackson, 
September  8,  1884. 

Moore,  J.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1863.    Dead. 

Moore,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1862. 

Moore,  Jacob  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1858,  1859.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, August  31,  1885. 

Moore,  John  H.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1867-68. 

Moore,  Philip,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1853,  1857,  1859,  1860;  Speaker,  1860. 

Dead. 

.Mordecai,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1891,  1893. 
'Morehead,  James  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50. 

Morehouse,  L.  C.,  Member  of  State  Board  of  Equalization,  1883-86,  1887-90, 
1891- 

Moreland,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1855.    Dead. 

Morelaiid,W.W.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Sonoma 
District;  Senator,  Sonoma,  1880,  1881;  Private  Secretary  to  Governor 
George  Stoneman;  Bank  Commissioner,  1886-1890. 

Morgan,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1887. 

Morgan,  James  H.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1861.  Died,  San  Jose,  March 
27,  1883. 

Morgan,  W.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1873-74. 

Morrill,  D.  L.,  Senator,  Calaveras,  1867-68,  1869-70. 

Morris,  Thomas,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Moms,  Thomas  C.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1885. 

Morris,  W.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Modoc  and  Lassen,  1887. 

Morrison,  H.  J.,  Assembly  man,  Butte,  1857. 

Morrison,  Murray,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1861, 1862;  Judge  SeTOiiteenth 
Judicial  District,  appointed  1868,  elected  1869.  Died,  Los  Angeles,  Decem- 
ber 18,  1871. 

Morrison,  Robert  F.,  Judge  Fourth  Judicial  District,  elected  1869, 1875;  Chief 
Justice  Supreme  Court,  1880-87.  Died,  San  Francisco,  March  2,  1887. 

Morrow,  L.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1867-68. 

Morrow,  William  W.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1885-90;  Commissioner  to 
attend  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  Inauguration  of  George  Wash- 
ington as  President  of  the  United  States,  1888;  District  Judge,  Northern 
District  of  California,  September  18,  1891- 

Morse,  John  F.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1863-64.  Died,  San  Francisco,  De- 
30,  1874. 

Morse,  L.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1880. 

Morse,  Lucius  D.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  and  San  Mateo  District. 

Morse,  Nelson  D.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1852. 

Morton,  W.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare  and  Kern,  1883  (elected  1882,  died 
before  qualifying).  Died,  Grangeville,  December  29,  1882. 

Moses,  H.  A.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1858,    Died,  Sacramento,  May,  1890. 

Mott,  E.  B.,  Jr.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1871-72;  Trustee  of  State  Library, 
1872-78.  Died,  Sacramento,  April  4,  1882. 

Mott,  Gordon  M.,  Judge  Tenth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1851.  Died,  San 
Francisco,  April  27,  1887. 

Mott,  T.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1871-72. 

Moulder,  Andrew  J.,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  1857-62. 


644  REGISTER   OF  STA  TE   OFFICERS. 

Moulthrop,  E.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1856. 

Mount,  Charles  E.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1859. 

Moyle,  J.  W.,  Senator,  Sierra,  1863-64. 

Moynihan,  T.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1869-70. 

Mudgett,  G.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1881. 

Mulgrew,  F.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1889. 

Mulholland,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  Plumas  and  Lassen,  1880. 

Mullaney,  J.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1889. 

Mulvey,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 

Munday,  B.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1869-70, 1871-72.    Died,  Sonoma  County, 

1873. 

Munday,  M.  E.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1885. 

Munday,  Patrick,  Assemblyman,   Placer,   1861.    Died,  Cisco,  October  14,  1872. 
Murch,  L.  H.,  Assemblyman,   Klarnath  and  Del  Norte,  1865-66;  Senator,  Del 

Norte,  etc.,  1867-68, 1869-70.     Died,  Oakland,  June  %  1885. 
Murdock,  A.  H.,  Assemblyman .  Humboldt,  185o.     Dead. 
Murdock,  Charles  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 
Murnan,  Frank  T.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1891. 
Murphy,  B.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1869-70;  Senator,  Santa  Clara, 

1877-78,  1883;  Trustee  (Chairman)  of  the  State  Insane  Asylum  at  Agnews, 

1890- 

Murphy,  D.  J.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1884,  1890. 
Murphy,  D.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1851. 
Murphy,  Frank  J.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1891. 
Murphy,   James  E.,   Assemblyman,    Del    Norte,    1869-70,  1873-74,   1875-76, 

1877-78;  Speaker  pro  tern.,  1875-76;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Con-  . 

vention,  1878-79,  Del  Norte  District;  Superior  Judge,  Del  Norte  County, 

elected  1879,  1884,  1890. 

Murphy,  James  T.,  Bank  Commissioner,  1878-79. 
Murphy,    John    C.,    Assemblvman,  San    Francisco,   1875-76;  Senator,   San 

Francisco,  1877-78.     Died,  San  Francisco,  June  16,  1887. 
Murphy,  P.  J.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1887,1889. 

Murphy,  P.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1881;  Senator,  Santa  Bar- 
bara, 1865-66,  1867-68,  1877-78. 
Murphy,  R.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1857. 
Murphy,  R.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78. 
Murphy,  Thomas  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 
Murray,  Edward,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 

Murray,  Hush  C.,  Chief  Justice,  1852-57.    Died,  Sacramento,  September  18,  1857. 
Murray,  J.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1889. 
Murray,  Walter,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1859;   Judge  First  Judicial 

District,  appointed  18*73.     Died,  San  Luis  Obispo,  October  5,  1875. 
Musser,  John,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1854. 
Myers,   B.  F.,  Assemblyman,   Placer,  1853,   1854;  Judge  Eleventh  Judicial 

District,  appointed  1858,   elected  1858;  Superior  Judge,  Placer  County, 

elected  1879,  1884. 

Myers,  8.,  Senator,  San  Joaquin,  1863-64,  1865-36. 
Myrick,  M.  H.,  Supreme  Justice,  1880-86. 
Naphtalv,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1869-70. 
Nason,  Edmund,  Member    Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 

Benito  District. 

Nealley,  Gilbert  H.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1877-78. 
Neblett,  E.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1858. 
Neff,   Jacob  H.,   Senator,  Placer,"  1871-72,   1873-74;  State  Prison  Director, 

1880-83,  1891- 

Nelson,  James,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1880. 
Nelson,  Thorwald  K.,   Senator,  San   Francisco,  1880,1881;  Member   Second 

Constitutional   Convention,  1878-79,  San  Francisco  District.     Died,  Santa 

Barbara,  March  5,  1888. 

Neuman,  Paul,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1880,  1881. 
Neunaber,  Henry,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 

Francisco  District. 

Neve,  Felipe  de,  Governor  under  Spanish  rule,  1774-82. 
Newell,  H.  B.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1867-68,  1869-70. 
Newson,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus  and  Merced,  1867-68. 
Nichols,    Elijah,   Assemblyman,    San    Francisco,   1854.      Died,   Sacramento, 

March  11,  1888. 
Nichols,  H.  L.,  Secretary  of  State,  1867-71;  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1871-72, 


REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  645 

Nicol,  F.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1883. 

Nicol,  G.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  Tuolumne  County,  elected  1'. 890. 

Niles,  Addison  C.,  Supreme  Justice,  1872-79.     Died.   San  Francisco,  January 

17,  1890, 
Nixon,  A.  B.,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1862,  1863.   Died.  Sacramento,  November  2, 

1889. 
Noel,  Alonzo  E.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,   1878-79,  Lake 

District. 

Noel,  Charles  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1854. 
Noonan,  J.  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881. 
Norman,  W.  B.,   Senator,  Calaveras  and  Amador,  1855,   1856,   1857.    Died 

Stockton,  August  26,  1880. 

Northcutt,  W.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1873-74. 
Northup,  B.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1873-74. 
Norton.  Edward,  Judge  Twelfth   Judicial  District,  appointed  1854,   elected 

1854 ;  Supreme  Justice,  1862-63.     Died,  London,  England.  May  12,  1872. 
Norton,  Myron,  Member  First  Constitutional   Convention,  1849,'  San  Fran- 
cisco District. 
Norton,  William  C.,  Assemblvman,  Placer,  1873-74;  Senator,  Placer,  1877-78. 

Died,  Auburn,  May  11,  1890. 
Nott,  S.  A.,  Assemblyman,   Amador  and  Alpine,  1875-76, 1877-78.    Died,  on 

the  Cosumnes  River,  February  27,  1880. 

Nunan,  Edward,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1875-76,  1877-78. 
Nye,  Stephen  G.,  Senator,  Alameda,  1880,  1881. 
Gates,  S.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1869-70. 
O'Brien,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1858,  1861, 1862. 
O'Connell,  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1869-70,  1875-76. 
0' Conner,  E.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 
O'Conner,  Miles  P.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1860;  Senator,  Nevada,  1869-70, 

1871-72,  1873-74,  1875-76. 

O'Conner,  Timothy,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881. 
Odell,  John  A.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,   1869-70.    Died,  Folsom,  May  29, 

1881.' 
O'Donnell,  Charles  C.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 

San  Francisco  District. 
O'Farrell,  Jasper,  Senator,   Sonoma,   etc.,  1859,  1860.    Died,  San  Francisco, 

November  16,  1875. 
Ogier,  I.  S.  K.,    Assemblyman,  San    Joaquin  District,   1849-50.    Died,  San 

Bernardino,  May  21,  1861. 
O'Grady,  Frank,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  18S7. 
Ohleyer,  George,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Sutter 

District;   Assemblyman,  Sutter  and  Yuba,  1887. 
•Ohr,  A.  D.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  John  McDougal.      4 
O'Keefe,  James  T.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1893. 
Olds,  D.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1865-66. 
Oliver,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1856.    Dead. 
Oliver,  W.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1853. 
Oliver,    Warner,   Presidential    Elector,  1864;    Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin, 

1867-68. 

Olvera,  Augustin,  Presidential  Elector,  1856. 
O'Malley,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1867-68. 
O'Meara,  John,  State  Printer,  1858-59.     Died,  New  York,  April  7,  1860. 
0,Melveny,  H.  K.  S.,  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  appointed  1887. 
O'Neill,  H.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1893. 
O'Neill,  James,   Assemblyman,  Placer,   1854,   1857;  Speaker  pro  tern.,  1857. 

Died,  San  Francisco,  September  5,  1876. 
Ord,   Pacificus,   Member  iirst    Constitutional  Convention,  1849,   Monterey 

District. 

Ord,  W.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1867-68. 
O'Rear,  Benjamin  T.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1860. 
Ormsby,  J.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma  and  Mendocino,  1858. 
Orr,  N.  M.,  Senator   San  Joaquin,  1869-70. 
Orr,  N.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  etc.,  1857. 
Orr,  Orestes,  Senator,  Santa  Barbara  and  Ventura,  1893. 
Orrick,  Benjamin,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1852. 
Orton,  Richard  H.,  Adjutant-General,  18S7-90. 
Orvis,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1857. 
Osgood,  H.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1851. 


646  REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS. 

Osgood,  Henry  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1858. 

Ostraiider,  H.  J.,  Presidential  Elector,  1876. 

Ostrom,  D.  A.,  Assemblyman,   Yuba,  1875-76,   1877-78-,  1889;  Senator,  Yuba 

and  Butter,  1891,  1893. 
O'Sullivan,   James,   Member  Second   Constitutional  Convention.    1878-79, 

San  Francisco  District.    Died,  Sacramento,  March  12,  1889. 
Otis,  George  E.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Bernardino  County,  elected  1890. 
Otis,  James,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862. 
Oullahan,  D.  J.,  State  Treasurer,   1884-87.      Died,  San   Francisco,  November  5, 

1889. 
Oulton,   George,   Senator,   Siskiyou,.    18182,1863;  -State  Controller,    1863-67; 

Senator,  San  Francisco,  1871-72,  1873-74, 
Overtoil,  A.  P.,   Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Third 

Congressional  District. 

Owen,  Eben  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1893. 

Owen,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1S03,  1863-64;  Trustee1  of  State  Li- 
brary, 1882-85. 

Owen,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1-863.     Dead. 
Owen,  T.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1853. 
Oxlev,   Thomas    J.,   Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1855,  1856.    Died,    Cavorca, 

Mexico,  April  7,  1857. 
Pace,  George,  Assemblyman,-  Santa  Cruz,  1877-78.     Died,  Watsonville,  May  8, 

1881. 
Pacheco,  M.  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Lu;s  Obispo,  1852,  1853.    Died,  San  Luis 

Obispo,  January  27,  1865. 

Pacheco,   Romualdo,    Senator,   Santa   Barbara,  etc.,   1858,   1859,   1862,    1863, 

1869-70;  State  Treasurer,  1863-67 ;  Lieutenant-Governor,  1871-75 ;. Governor, 

1875;    Representative   to  .Congress,   1877,   1879-82;    Minister  to   Central 

American  States,  appointed  December  11,  1890. 

Page,  Horace  F.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1873-82.     Died,  San  Francisco, 

August  23,  1890. 

Palmer,  Cyrus,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1857,  1858,  1863.     Dead. 
Palmer,  J.  W.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1855. 
Palmer,  Noah,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1857. 
Palmieri,  Egisto,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1885. 
Papy,  J.  J., "Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1867-68. 
Pardee,  E.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1871-72;    Senator,  Alameda,  1880, 

1881. 

Pardee,  George,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1867-68. 

Park,  F.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1854.     Died,  San  Francisco,  Novem- 
ber 13,  1870. 

Park,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1854. 
Parker,  Edwiy,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1883;  Superior  Judge,  San  Diego 

County,  appointed  1887. 
Parker,  Eustace,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1858.     Died,  Mazatlan,  November 

4,  1865. 

Parker,  H.  G.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado, ,1862. 
Parker,  J.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  Mono,  etc.,  1873-74. 
Parker,  S.  H.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  etc.,  1859,  1860.     Died,  San  Francisco, 

March  14,  1W6. 

Parker,  S.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1863-64. 
Parker,  W.  B.,  Senator',  Solano,  1885. 
Parkinson,  George  C.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1885. 

Parks,  William   H.,  Senator,  Butter  and;  Yuba,  1859,  1860,  1861,  1862,  1863; 
Assemblyman,  Yuba  (Speaker),  1881, 1885.     Died,  Marysville,  July  23, 1887. 
Parrish,  E.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1865-66. 
Parrish,  John  G.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1852. 
Parsons,  Levi,  Judge  Fourth  Judicial  District,  elected  by  Legislature,  1850. 

Died,  New  York,  October  23,  1887. 
Pate,  B.  T.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1860.     Died,  San  Francisco,  March 

1,  1862. 
Paterson,  A.  Van  R.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Joaquin   County,  elected  1879, 

1884;  Sunreme  Justice,  1887- 

Patrick,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  lb'57,  1861. 
Patten,  Edmund,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1863. 
Patterson,  A.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1875-76.     Died,  Routier's  Station, 

December  Jh  188 4. 
Patterson,  Alexander,  Assemblyman.  San  Francisco  District,  1849-50. 


REGISTER   OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  647 

Patterson,  J.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Kern  and  Tulare,  1875-76. 

Patterson,  J.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1881. 

Patterson,  James,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1873-74. 

Patterson,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1875-76,  1881. 

Patterson,  W.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1885. 

Patterson,  W.  H.,  Senator,  Modoc,  Lassen,  etc.,  1887. 

Pattison,  John,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1865-66. 

Patton,  D.  C.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1860. 

Paulk,  C.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1881.  Died,  Oakland,  January  29, 
1884. 

Paulsell,  A.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1873-74;  Member  Board  of  State 
Harbor  Commissioners,  1883-89. 

Pauly,  Frederick  N.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1877-78. 

Paxton,  John  A.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1852. 

Payne,  George  M.,  Assemblyman,  A  mad  or  and  Alpine,  1867-68. 

Peachy,  Archibald  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1852;  Senator,  San 
Francisco,  1860.  Died,  San  Francisco,  April  17,  1883. 

Pearce,  E.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1852. 

Pearce,  George,  Senator,  Sonoma,  1863-64,  1865-66,  1867-68. 

Pearis,  C.  W.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1858. 

Pearson,  James,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1855,  1856. 

Peck,  E.  T.,  Senator,  Butte,  1854,  1855. 

Peck,  George,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1856. 

Pedrorena,  Miguel  D.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San 
Diego  District. 

Peek,  W.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1873-74. 

Pelham,  A.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1873-74.  Died,  Nevada  County,  August 
26,  1881. 

Pellet,  H.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Napa,  1885. 

Pemberton,  James  C.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare,  1862.  Died,  Bakersfield,  August 
16,  1879. 

Pendegast,  William  W.,  Senator,  Napa,  Lake,  etc.,  1867-68,  1869-70,  1871-72, 
1873-74.  Died,  Santa  Rosa,  February  29,  1876. 

Pendleton,  C.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1893. 

Perkins,  D.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Ventura,  1893. 

Perkins,  George  C.,  Senator,  Butte,  Lassen,  etc.,  1869-70,  1871-72,  1873-74; 
Director  Napa  State  Insane  Asylum,  1876-79 ;  Governor,  1880-83 ;  Director 
Deaf  and  Dumb  and  Blind  Asylum,  Berkeley,  1888-91,  1891-  Trustee 
of  State  Mining  Bureau,  1«89- 

Perkins,  R.,  F.  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1862,  1863.  Died,  at  sea,  October  13, 
1868. 

Perkins,  William  Dana,  Sergeant-at-Arms  of  the  Assembly,  1869-70,  1875-76; 
Member  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  1877-79,  1888;  Member  Board  of  Ag- 
riculture, District  No,  20,  Placer  County,  1889- ;  State  Librarian,  1890- 

Per  Lee,  T.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey  District,  1849-50;  Adjutant-General, 
1850. 

Perley.  James  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1863-64;  Senator,  San  Joa- 
quin, 1867-68.  Died,  Woodstock,  New  Brunswick,  June  17,  1868. 

Perrin,  0.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1863-64,  1865-66. 

Perry,  George  H.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1883,  1885. 

Personette,  M.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1863,  1863-64, 

Peters,  J.  M.,  Judge  Eighth  Judicial  District,  elected  1852. 

Peterson,  Peter,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou  and  Modoc,  1883. 

Peterson,  William  H.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1865-66. 

Petrie,  W.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1889. 

Phelps,  Abner,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1860. 

Phelps,  J.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1855. 

Phelps,  Timothy  Guy,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1857;  Senator,  San 
Francisco,  1858,  1859,  I860,  1861;  Representative  to  Congress,  1861-63; 
Collector  of  Port  of  San  Francisco,  1889- ;  Regent  of  State  University. 

Phillips,  Louis  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1&91. 

Pickett,  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880. 

Pico,  Andres,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1851,  1852,  1858,  1859;  Presidential 
Elector,  1852;  Senator,  Los  Angeles,  1860,  1861.  Died,  Los  Angeles,  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1876. 

Pico,  Antonio  M.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Pueblo  de 
San  Jose  District ;  Presidential  Elector,  1860.  Died,  San  Jose,  May  23, 1869. 

Pico,  Pio,  Governor  under  Mexican  Rule,  1832-33,  1845-46. 


648  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Pierce,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1875-76.    Died,  San  Diego,  August  6, 

1887. 

Pierce,  Parker  H.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1857. 
Pierce,  W.  L.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Diego  County,   appointed  1889,  elected 

1890. 
Pierce,  Winslow  S.,   State  Controller,   1852-53.    Died,  Brooklyn,  New    York, 

July  29, 1888. 
Piercy,  Charles   W.,    Assemblyman,  San    Bernardino,    1861.    Died,   Marin 

County,  May  25,  1861. 

Pierson,  William  M.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1875-76,  1877-78. 
Pinder,  Thomas  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881;  Senator,  San  Fran- 
cisco, 1887,  1889. 

Piper,  W.  A.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1875-77. 
Pishon,  N.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  187.V74. 
Pitzer,  J.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1853;  Judge  Fifteenth  Judicial  District, 

elected  1855. 
Pixley,  Frank  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1859;   Attorney-General, 

1862-63;  Park  Commissioner,  San  Francisco,  1882-86. 
Platt,  Horace  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881. 
Plover,  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 
Pool,  D.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1869-70;  Senator,  Mariposa,  Merced, 

etc.,  1880,  1881. 

Portala,  Gaspar  de,  Governor  under  Spanish  Rule,  1767-71. 
Porter,  Arza,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1885. 
Porter,  C.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1889. 
Porter,  Charles  B.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1861,  1862;  Senator,  Contra 

Costa  and  Marin,  1863,  1863-64,  1865-66. 

Porter,  George  K..  Senator,  Santa  Cruz  and  Monterey,  1862,  1863. 
Porter,  J,  M.,   Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Second 

Congressional  District. 

Porter,  Nathan,  Senator,  Alameda,  1877-78.      Died,  Sacramento,  June  5,  1575. 
Post,  G.  B.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1849-50,     Died,  San  Francisco,  February 

26,  1861. 

Potts,  A.  W.,  Bank  Commissioner,  1886-90. 

Powell,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,   1861.    Died,   Folsom,   November 

27,  1869. 

Power,  M.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1869-70.    Died,  Auburn,  July  17,  1885. 

Powers,  O.  B.,  Senator,  Solano  and  Yolo,  1862,  1863. 

Pratt,  J.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1863-64. 

Pratt,  L.  E.,  Senator,  Sierra,  1865-66,  1867-68;  Judge  Seventeenth  Judicial 
District,  appointed  1862,  elected  1862.  Died,  San  Francisco,  October  25, 
1886. 

Pratt.  0.  C.,  Judge  Twelfth  Judicial  District,  elected  1863.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, October  24,  1891. 

Pratt,  William  C.,  Assemblvman,  Calaveras,  1854. 

Pressley,  J.  G.,  Superior  Judge,  Sonoma  County,  elected  1879,  1884. 

Preston,  E.  M.,  Senator,  Nevada,  1889,  1891. 

Preston,  R.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1875-76.  Died,  Santa  Rosa, 
March  22,  1882. 

Prewitt,  J.  E.,  Superior  Judge,  Placer  County,  elected  1890. 

Price,  E.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1893. 

Price,  Johnson,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1859;  Secretary  of  State,  1860-61.  Died, 
San  Francisco,  February  8,  1868. 

Price,  Rodman  M.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Sail 
Francisco  District. 

Price,  W.  Z.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1887. 

Printy,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1862. 

Proctor,  W.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1853. 

Prouty,  William  H.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Amador  District. 

Pueschel,  E.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Kern,  1893. 

Pugh,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1856. 

Pullen,  F.  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76. 

Pulliam,  Mark  R.  C.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Butte  District.  Died,  San  Francisco,  January  28,  1883. 

Purdy,  Edwin  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francicso,  1854. 

Purdy,  Samuel,  Lieutenant-Governor,  1852-56.  Died,  San  Francisco,  Febru- 
ary 17, 1882. 


REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  649 

Puterbaugh,  George,  Superior  Judge,  San  Diego  County,  appointed  1889, 
elected  1890. 

Pyle,  D.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1885. 

•Quigley,  R.  V.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Lake,  1875-76. 

Quimby,  J.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1857. 

Quin,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1855. 

Quinn,  I.  N.,  Senator,  Stanislaus,  etc.,  1859,  1860;  President  pro  tern.,  1860; 
Lieutenant-Governor,  1*60.  Died,  San  Rafael,  June  26,  1865. 

Quint,  Leander,  Senator,  Tuolumne  and  Mono,  1862,  186.3.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, March  28,  1890. 

Ragsdale,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1889;   Senator,  Sonoma,  1891,  1893. 

Raisch,  Frederick,  Assemblyman.  San  Francisco,  1875-76. 

Ralston,  James  H.,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1852,  1853.  Died,  near  Austin,  Ne- 
vada, May,  1864. 

Ramage,  Lewis,  Judge  Sixth  Judicial  District,  elected  1869.  Died,  Kansas 
City,  February  14,  1879. 

Randall,  A.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1851.  Died,  San  Francisco,  January 
13,  1869. 

Randolph,  Edmund,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco  District,  1849-50.  Died, 
San  Francisco,  September  8,  1861. 

Rankin,  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76. 

Rathburn,  J.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1856. 

Raw,  R.  S.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1893. 

Rawle,  Bernard,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

Rea,  James  W.,  Railroad  Commissioner,  Third  District,  1887-90,  1891- 

Rea,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1873-74. 

Reading,  R.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1853. 

Ream,  Daniel,  Senator,  Siskiyou,  etc.,  1877-78. 

Rearden,  Timothy  H.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  appointed  1883,  elected 
1884.  Died,  San  Francisco,  May  10,  1892. 

Reardon,  T.  B.,  Judge  Fourteenth  Judicial  District,  elected  1869, 1875.  Died, 
Oroville,  August  4,  1885. 

Reavey,  James,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 

Reavis,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Modoc  and  Lassen,  1889. 

Rector,  T.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Klamath,  etc.,  1867-68,  1871-72. 

Reddick,  John  Burke,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1875-76,  1881 ;  Presidential 
Elector,  1884;  Lieutenant-Governor,  1X91- 

Redding,  Benjamin  B.,  Assemblyman.  Yuba  and  Sierra,  1853;  State  Printer, 
1854-55 ;  May  or  of  Sacramento,  1856;  Secretary  of  State,  1863-67;  Trustee 
of  State  Library,  1864-66.  Died,  San  Francisco,  August,  21,  1882. 

Reddington,  J.  H.,' Senator,  San  Francisco,  1863-64. 

Reddy,  Patrick,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Mono 
and  Inyo  District;  Senator,  Tulare,  Fresno,  etc.,  1883,  1885. 

Redfield,  O.  F.,  Assemblyman.  Yuba,  1863,  1863-64. 
'Redington,  Alfred,  Presidential  Elector,  1868.    Died,  Sacramento,  May  22, 1875. 

Redman,  R.  A.,  Senator,  Alameda  and  Santa  Clara,  1859,  1860. 

Reed,  Charles  F.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1865-66;  Member  Second  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  1878-79,  Solano  and  Yolo  District;  Presidential  Elec- 
tor, 1884. 

Reed,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1862.    Died,  Petaluma,  1868. 

Reed,  H.  R.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1871-72. 

Reed,  T.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1856. 
;Reed,  Theron,  Juda:e  Sixteenth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1866,  elected  1867, 

1873. 
. Reese,  William  S.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862. 

Reeve,  George  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862. 

Reeves,  Truman,' Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1883,  1885. 

Regan,  Daniel  S.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887,  1889. 

Reichert,  Theodore,  Surveyor-General,  1887-91,  1891- 

Reid,  Hugo,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Los  Angeles 
District.  Died,  Los  Angeles,  December  12,  1852. 

Ren  fro,  James  H.,  Assemblyman,  Lake,  1891. 

Renison,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1887,  1889. 

Reynolds,  C.  D.,  Senator,  Calaveras  and  Tuolumne,  1883. 

Reynolds,  E.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 

Reynolds,  G.  A.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1856. 

Heynolds,  James  S.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
.Francisco  District. 


050  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Reynolds,  John,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1881;  Superior  Judge,  Santa- 
Clara  County,  appointed  1888,  elected  1888,  1890. 

Reynolds,  S.  F.,  Judge  Fourth  Judicial  District,  elected  1861. 

Rh'iel,  Adam,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1883. 

Rhoades,  G.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1856.  Died,  Cavorca,  Mexico,  April 
7,  1857. 

Rhoads,  John  P.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1863-64.  Died ,.  Sacramento 
County,  December  80,  1866. 

Rhodes,  A.  L.,  Senator,  Alameda  and  Santa  Clara,  1861, 1862;  Supreme  Jus- 
tice, 1864-79;  Chief  Justice,  1870-72. 

Rhodes,  John  M.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Yolo 
District. 

Rhodes,  W.  H.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  J.  Neely  Johnson. 

Rice,  D.  W.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1857.  Died,  San  Francisco,  August  3, 
1870.  . 

Rice,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1875-76.  Died,  Santa  Cruz,  Septem- 
ber 29,  1889. 

Rice,  J.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1871-72. 

Rice,  T.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Kern  and  Ventura,  1891. 

Richardson,  H.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1851. 

Ricks,  C.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1856,  1857.  Died,  Eureka,  California, 
June,  1888. 

Rider,  W.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1863. 

Ridley,  Thomas  E.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1852. 

Ring,  John  A.,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1854. 

Ringgold,  Charles  S.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
San  Francisco  District. 

Roach,  Philip  A.,  Senator,  Monterey  and  Santa  Cruz,  1852,  1853;  San  Fran- 
cisco, 1873-74,  1875-76.  Died,  San  Francisco,  April  27,.  1889. 

Roane,  James  M.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  Tulare,  etc.,  1859. 

Robberson,  John  S.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma  and  Mendocino,  1859. 

Roberts,  E.  W.,  Senator,  Nevada,  1863-64,  1867-68,  1869-70;  Register  United 
States  Land  Office,  Sacramento  District,  1890-92.  Died,  Sacramento,  July 
13,  1892. 

Roberts,  George  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Benito,  1875-76. 

Robertson,  George  B.,  Assemblyman,  Del  Xorte  and  Siskiyou,  1891. 

Robertson,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus  and  Merced,  1863. 

Robertson,  P.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou  and  Modoc,  1877-78. 

Robinson,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1851. 

Robinson,  H.  E.,  Senator,  Sacramento,  1849-50,  1851,  1852.  Died,Nonvalk, 
Connecticut,  January  9,  1880. 

Robinson,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1863 ;  Senator,  Alameda,  1865-66, 
1867-68. 

Robinson,  Henry  H.,  State  Printer,  1850. 

Robinson,  Robert,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1853;  Adjutant-General, 
1865-66. 

Robinson,  Tod,  Judge  Sixth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1851;  Supreme 
Court  Reporter,  1&70.  Died,  ,San  Mateo  County,  October  27,  1870. 

Robinson,  W.  N.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1869-70.  • 

Rockwell,  E.  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1869-70.  Died,  Sacramento, 
November  16,  1877. 

Rodgers,  E.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  186CK 

Rodgers,  Robert  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1855. 

Rodgers,  William  P..  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1859. 

Rodriguez,  Jacinto,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Monte- 
rey District.  Died,  Monterey,  December  14,  1878. 

Rogers,  Daniel,  Assembly  man,' San  Francisco,  1860,  1873-74. 

Rogers,  George  H.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1857;  San  Francisco,  1869-70; 
Speaker,  1869-70;  Senator,  Tuolumne  and  Stanislaus,  lfc'58;  San  F"ran- 
cisco,  etc.,  1875-76, 1877-78. 

Rogers,  W.  M.,  Assemblyman, -Calaveras,  1853. 

Rolfe,  Horace  C.,  Judge  Eighteenth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1872;  Mem- 
ber Second  Constitutional  Convention.  1878-79,  San  Diego  and  San  Ber- 
nardino District;  Superior  Judge,  San  Bernardino  County,  elected  1879. 

Rollins,  H.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1867-68. 

Roman,  Richard,  State  Treasurer,,  1849-53.  Died,  San  Francisco,  December  22, 
1875. 


REGISTER   OF  STA  TE   OFFICERS.  651 

Romea,  Jose  Antonio,  Governor  under  Spanish  rule,  1790-92.    Died,  April  9, 

1792. 

Homer,  J.  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1869-70. 
Rooney,  J.  F.,  Superior  Judge,  Tuolumne  County,  elected  1879,  1884. 
Rosboroueh,  A.  M.,  Judge  Ninth  .Judicial  District,  elected  1869,  1875. 
Rose,  A.  H.,  Senator,  Amador  and  Alpine,  1865-66,  1867-68. 
Rose,  L.  J.,  Senator,  Los-Angeles,  1887. 
Rose,  T..H.,  Presidential  Elector,  1872. 

Roseberry,  Thomas  A.,  Assemblyman,  Modoc  and  Lassen ,- 1885. 
Rosecrans,    William   S.,   Representative  to   Congress,   1881-85;   Register  of 

United  States  Treasury,  1885- 
Rosenthal,  M.,  Presidential  Elector,  1893; 
Ross,  Erskine  M.,  Supreme  Justice,  1880-86. 

Ross,  William,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1861.  Died,  Santa  Rosa,  April  10,  1874- 
Roth,  John,  Senator,  Tulare  and  Kern,  1887,  1889.' 
Rousch,  William,  Assemblyman,-  Placer,  1873-74. 
Routier,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1877-78;  Senator,  Sacramento, 

1883,1885;  Fish  Commissioner,  1887-89. 
Rowan,  Martin,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1854.    Died,  Sacramento,  September 

Z3,  1872. 

Rowe,  E.  A..  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1855.     Dead. 
Rowell,  C.  W.  C.,  Superior  Judge,  'San  Bernardino  County,  appointed  1889, 

elected  1890. 
Rowell,  Chester,  Senator,  Tulare,  Kern,  etc.,  1£80, 1881;  Presidential  Elector, 

1884;  Regent  of  State  University. 
Rowland,  Thomas  B.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado  and  Alpine,  1883.    Died, 

Lake  Tahoe  September  5,  1883. 

Rucker,  Samuel,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1887. 
Ruggles,  E.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1875-76. 
Rule,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1863,  1863-64. 
Rundell,  William  M.,  Assemblyman,  Merced  and  Mariposa,  1889. 
Rush,  J.  A.,  Senator,  Colusa  and  Teharna,  1863-64,  1865-66. 
Russ,  A.  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1867-^68. 
Russ,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1871-72,  1877-78,  1885.    Died,  Ala- 

meda,  October  8, 1886. 

Russell,  P.  H.,  Assemblym'an,  Sacramento,  1873-74. 
Rust,  P.  C.,  Senator,  Yuba  and  Sutter,  1855,  1856. 
Rutledge,  Tbomas,  Superior  Judge,  Sonoma  County,  appointed  1886.- 
Ryan,  Frank  D.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1883;  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Assem- 

bly,  twenty-sixth  and  twenty-seventh  sessions;    Member  of  Board  of 

Trustees  of  Slitter's  Fort,  1891- 

Ryan,  James  T.,  Senator,  Trinity  and  Humboldt,  1860,  1861. 
Ryan,  P.  H.,  Senator,  Humboldt,. etc.,  1880,  1881,  1883. 
Ryan,  Thomas  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1869-70. 
Rvland,  C.  T.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  Peter  H.  Burnett;  Assembly- 
man, Santa  Clara,  1855,  1867-68 ;  Speaker,  1867-68. 
Safford,  A.  P.  K,,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1857,  1858.    Died,  Florida,  December 

16,  1891. 

Salomon,  E.  S.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 
Sammons,  B.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1869-70,  1871-72.. 
Samuels,  James,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1875-76,  1881. 
Sanderson,  A.  AM  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1890. 
Sanderson,  Silas  W.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1863;  Supreme  Justice,  1864- 

70;  Chief  Justice,  1864-66.     Died,  San  Francisco,  June  24,  1886. 
Sanseyaine,  Pedro,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San  Jose 

District. 
Sargent,   Aaron  A.,   Representative  to   Congress,  1861-63,  1869-71;    United 

States  Senator,  1873-79.     Died,  San  Francisco,  August  14,  1887. 
Sargent,  B.  V.,  Senator,  Monterey  and  San  Benito,  1887. 
Sargent,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1862, 1863.     Dead. 
Sargent,  J.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1893. 
Sargent,  J.  P.,  Assembl'yman,  Santa  Clara,  1871-72. 

Sargent,  R.  C.,  Assembfyman,  San  Joaquin,  1871-72,  1875-76,  1877-78,  1881. 
Satterwhite,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1865-66,  1869-70;  Sena- 
tor, San  Diego,  etc.,  1875-76,  1877-78,  1880,   1881.     Died,  San  Bernardino, 

February  16,  1885. 
Saul,  James  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1862.   Died,  Davisvitte,  October  30, 

1881. 


652  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Saunders,  J.  H,,  Asssemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1853;  Senator,  San  Fran- 
cisco, 1867-68,  1869-70. 

Saunders.  R.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1851. 

Sawyer,  E.  D.,  Senator,  Calaveras,  1854;  Judge  Fourth  Judicial  District, 
elected  1863. 

Sawyer,  F.  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1860. 

Sawyer,  Lorenzo,  Judge  Twelfth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1862,  elected 
1862;  Supreme  Justice,  1864-70;  Chief  Justice,  1868-69;  United  States 
Circuit  Judge,  Ninth  Circuit,  1869-91.  Died,  San  Francisco,  September  7, 
1891. 

Sawyer,  N.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1865-66. 

Sayle,  C.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1880. 

Saxe,  A.  W.,  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1885. 

Saxton,  A.  H.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1863.     Died,  Tahoe  City,  August  19,  1886. 

Scarce,  L.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1869-70. 

Scellen,  John  D.,  Senator,  Sierra,  1855,  1856.     Dead. 

Schell,  George  W.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Fourth  Congressional  District;  Prison  Director,  1880-83;  Presidential 
Elector,  1888. 

Schlesinger,  Bert,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1893. 

Schmidt,  John  C.,  Assembfyman,  San  Francisco,  1860. 

Schomp,  Justus,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Joaquin  District. 

Schrack,  L.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1871-72.  Died,  Calaveras  County, 
February  7,  1883. 

Schroebel,  D.  J.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1893. 

Scott,  Charles  L.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1857-59. 

Scott,  J.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara  District,  1849-50. 

Scott,  John  B.,  Assemblyman,  Napa,  1861.  Died,  San  Francisco,  June  30, 
1890. 

Scott,  R.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1863-64. 

Scott,  Thomas,  Assemblvman,  Alameda,  1863,  1863-64. 

Scrivner,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus,  1875-76;  State  Prison  Director, 
1887-89. 

Scudder,  Frank  V.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1867-63.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, June  17,  1877. 

Searey,  Thomas  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887,  1889. 

Searls,  Niles,  Senator,  Nevada  and  Sierra,  1877-78;  Judge  Fourteenth  Judi- 
cial District,  elected  1855,  1858;  Supreme  Court  Commissioner,  1884-87; 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1887-88. 

Sears,  William  H.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1862, 1863,1863-64;  Speaker,  1863- 
64;  Senator,  Contra  Costa  and  Marin,  1880,  1881.  Died,  Sa.n  Francisco, 
February  27,  1891. 

Seaton,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1862.  Died,  Yosemite,  October  13, 
1865. 

Seawell,  J.  H..  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1889;  Senator,  Mendocino  and 
and  Lake,  1891,  1893; 'Director  Mendocino  State  Insane  Asylum,  1891- 

Seawell,  W.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1857. 

Seckel,  George,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1867-71. 

Seibe,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1871-72. 

Selleck,  Silas,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1856.    Died,  Sacramento,  June  17,  1878. 

Semple,  Robert,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Sonoma  Dis- 
trict. Died,  near  Colusa,  October  25,  1854. 

Sensabaugh,  J.  B., 'Assembly man,  Merced,  1871-72. 

Sepulveda,  Ygnacio,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1863-64;  Judge  Seventeenth 
Judicial  District,  elected  1873;  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County, 
elected  1879. 

Sexton,  Warren  T.,  Judge  Second  and  Thirteenth  Jiidicial  Districts,  elected 
1857,  1863,  1875.  Died,  Oroville,  April  14,  1878. 

Sexton,  William,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1865-66. 

Seymour,  E.  C.,  Senator,  San  Bernardino  and  Orange,  1893. 

Shafter,  James  McMillan,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1861,  1862,  1863-64;  Presi- 
dent pro  tern.,  1862;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Third  Congressional  District;  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  appointed 
1889,  elected  1890.  Died,  San  Francisco,  August  29,  1892. 

Shafter,  Oscar  L.,  Supreme  Justice,  1864-67.  Died,  Florence,  Italy,  January 
22,  1873. 


REGISTER   OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  653 

Shanahan,  T.  W.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity  and  Shasta,  1887,  1889,  1891; 
Shasta  and  Modoc,  1893;  Member  Board  *of  Agriculture,  District  No.  27, 
Shasta  County,  1889- 

Sbanklin,  James  W.,  Surveyor-General,  1880-83. 

Shannon,  Thomas  B.,  Assemblyman,  Plumas,  1859,  1860,  1862;  San  Fran- 
cisco, 1871-72;  Speaker,  1871-72;  Senator,  Plumas,  1863;  Representative  to 
Congress,  1863-65. 

Shannon,  W.  E.,  Member    First  Constitutional  Convention,    1849,    Sacra- 
mento District.     Died,  Sacramento,  November  3,  1850. 
Sharp,  Sol.  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1856;  Senator,  San  Francisco, 

etc.,  1860.     Died,  San  Francisco,  June  8,  1878. 

Sharpstein,  John  R.,  Judge  Twelfth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1874;  Su- 
preme Justice,  1880-82,"l882-92.     Died,  San  Francisco,  December  28,  1892. 
Shattuck,  F.  K.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1860. 
Shaw,  Lucien,  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angelas  County,  appointed  1889,  elected 

1890. 

Shaw,  William  J.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1856,  1857,  1865-66,  1867-68. 
Shearer,  Edwin,  Superior  Judge,  Siskiyou  County,  appointed  1883,  elected 

1884. 

Shearer,  Jacob,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1856. 

Sheehan,  John  F.,  Adjutant-General,  1882-83;  Bank  Commissioner,  1882. 
Shelton,  H.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1860. 
Shepard,  Joseph,  Senator,  Calaveras,  1863-64. 

Shepard,  William  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1857,  1858,  1859.     Dead. 
Shepherd,  W.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50. 
Sherburne,  D.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1880,  1887. 
Sheridan,   James  E.,   Assemblyman,   Sacramento,  1S58,  1859.    Died,  Sacra- 
mento County,  October  12,  1872. 

Sherman,  Caleb,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1877-78. 

Sherrard,  Robert  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter,  1855,  1856.  Died,  Winchester,  Vir- 
ginia, I860. 

Sherwin,  J.  L.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Plumas,  1858. 
Sherwood,  T.  J.,  Assemblvman,  Yuba,  1865-66. 

Sherwood,  Win  field  S.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Sac- 
ramento District;  Judge  Ninth  Judicial  District,  elected  by  Legislature, 
1850 ;  Presidential  Elector,  1852.  Died,  Allegany,  Sierra  County,  California, 
June  25,  1870. 

Shields,  P.  J.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1887-89. 
Shippee,  W.  A.,  Senator,  Butte,  1891,  1893. 

Shirley,  Paul,  Senator,  Contra  Costa  and  Marin,  1875-76,.  1877-78. 
Shoaff,  Philip  L.,  State  Printer,  1887. 
Shoemaker,   Rufus,   Member    Second  Constitutional    Convention,   1878-79,. 

Second  Congressional  District. 

Shoemaker,  W.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1869-70. 
Shorb,  J.  Campbell,  Presidential  Elector,  1880.  Died,  San  Francisco,  October  1, 

1889. 

Shores,  William,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1869-70. 
Shortridge,  Samuel  M.,  Presidential  Elector,  1888. 

Showalter,  Daniel,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1857,  1861;  Speaker- 
pro  tern.,  1861.     Died,  Mazatlan,  Mexico,  February  4,  1866. 
Shuler,  George  L.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1857. 

Shurtleff,  Benjamin,  Senator,  Shasta  and  Trinity,  1862, 1863;  Member  Second 
Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Third  Congressional  District;  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Napa  State  Asylum  for  the  Insane, 
1888- 

Siebe,  John  D.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1881. 
Silman,  W.  L.,  Presidential  Elector,  1893. 
Sime,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1853.   Died,  San  Francisco,  October 

13,  1871. 

Simons,  Solon  S.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1858. 
Simpers,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1873-74. 
Simpson,  C.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1893. 
Simpson,  E.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1863. 
Simpson,  John,  Assemblyman,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1873-74. 
Simpson,  William,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1889;  Senator,  Alameda,  1891, 

1893. 

Sims,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1893. 
Sims,  Josiah,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1887,  1889. 


654  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Singleton,  M.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1865-66. 

Singley,  James,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1855. 

Sinon,  W.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880,  1883. 

Slack,  Chas.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  appointed  1891,  elected  1892. 

Slaughter,  F.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1871-72. 

Slicer,  T.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1869-70. 

Slingerland,  James  S.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1859. 

Sloss,  Gordon  E.,  Member  of  State  Board  of  Equalization,  1887-90.     Dead. 

Sloss,  H.  C.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1859.    Died,  PlacerviUe,  March  11, 1864. 

Smith,  A.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1863-64. 

Smith,  A.  Guy,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles  and  Orange,  1891. 

Smith,  Ansel,  Superior  Judge,  San  Joaquin  Couuty,  elected  1890. 

Smith,  B.  N.,  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  elected  1890. 

Smith,  C.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1860. 

Smith,  E.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1862,  1863. 

Smith,  E.  L.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1865-66. 

Smith,  E.  O.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Santa 
Clara  District. 

Smith,  F.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1863;  Senator,  Butte,  Plumas,  etc., 
1863-64,  1865-66.  Died,  Tucson,  Arizona,  April  21,  188A. 

Smith,  George  A.,  Judge  Ninth  Judicial  District,  elected  1852.  Died,  Hamil- 
ton, August  26,  1853. 

Smith,  George  E.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1865-66. 

Smith,  George  H.,  Senator,  Los  Angeles,  1877-78. 

Smith,  George  V.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Fourth  Congressional  District. 

Smith,  H.  P.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1855. 

Smith,  Henry  C.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1853.  Died,  Livermore,  Novem- 
ber 24,  1875. 

Smith,  Henry  M.,  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  appointed  1884. 

Smith,  Henry  W.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Smith,  Isaac  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1858. 

Smith,  J.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1863-64. 

Smith,  J.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Butte.  1891. 

Smith,  J.  Langdon,  Assemblyman,  Sutler,  1860. 

Smith,  James,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1862.  Died,  King's  River,  December  17, 
1862. 

Smith,  James  K.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1858;  Yuba,  1867-68. 

Smith,  L.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1861. 

Smith,  N.  T.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1855. 

Smith,  Napoleon  B.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1852. 

Smith,  0.  K.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare  and  Fresno,  1857,  1861.  Died,  San  Luis 
Obispo,  February.  1871. 

Smith,  Samuel  B.,  Senator,  Sutter,  1853,  1854. 

Smith,  Stanley  A.,  Superior  Judge,  Sierra  County,  elected  1890. 

Smith,  W.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1883. 

Smyth,  Edward,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1877-78,  1887. 

Snyder,  E.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1863-64. 

Snyder,  Frederick  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1853.  Died,  July  23, 
1854,  while  on  his  way  to  Lake  Bigler. 

Snyder,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1873-74. 

Snyder,  Jacob  R.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Sacra- 
mento District;  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1852,  1853.  Died,  Sonoma,  April 
29,  1878. 

Sola,  Pablo  Vincente  de,  Governor  under  Spanish  rule,  1815-22;  Governor 
under  Mexican  rule,  1822-23.  Died,  Mexico,  1827. 

Sorrell,  F.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1861. 

Soule,  Ezra  P.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Plumas 
and  Lassen  District. 

Soule",  Frank,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1852.     Died,  San  Francisco,  July  3, 1882. 

Soule",  Samuel,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1858,  1862.  Died,  San  Francisco,  -No- 
vember 18,  1889. 

Southard,  James  B.,  Judge  Seventh  Judicial  District,  appointed  1862,  elected 
1863. 

Soward,  F.  D.,  Superior  Judge,  Sierra  County,  elected  1884. 

Spect,  Jonas,  Senator,  Sonoma  District,  1849-50.    Died,  Colusa,July  3,  1883. 

Spellacy,  L.,  Senator  San  Francisco,  1887,  1889. 


REGISTER  OF  STA  TE   OFFICERS.  655 

:Spence,  E.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1861.    Died,  Los  Angeles,  September  19, 

1892. 

Spencer,  C.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1867-68. 
.Spencer,  Dennis,  Senator,  Napa,  Sonoma,  etc.,  1883,  1885. 
.Spencer,  F.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1871-72;  Superior  Judge,  Santa 

Clara  County,  elected  1879,  1884, 
Spencer,  J.  D.,  Assembly ma-ii,  Stanislaus,  1880;  Senator,  Mariposa,  etc.,  1883, 

1885 ;  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1886-90. 
Spencer,  M.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1854. 
Spencer,  S.,  Senator,  Yuba  and  Suiter,  1873-74,  1875-76. 
Spillman,  B.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1858;  Sutter,  1867-68.     Died,  Marys- 

ville,  October  14,  1S88. 

Splivalo,  A.  D.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1871-72. 
Sprague,  F.  S.,  Senator,  Yolo  and  Napa,  1889,  1891. 
-Sprague,  Royal  T.,  Senator,  Shasta,  etc., '1852,  1853-,  1854,  1855;  President  pro 

tern.  Senate,  1855;  Supreme  Justice,  1868-72;  Chief  Justice,  1872.    Died, 

/Sacramento,  February  24,  1872. 
Spreckels,  Glaus,  Presidential  Elector,  1872. 
Springer,  E.  C.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1854. 
Springer,  Grant  H.,  State  Printer,  1874-75. 
Springer,  James  P.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1859.     Died,  Santa  Clara 

County,  June  2,  1861. 
Springer,  Thomas  A.,  State  Printer,  1871-74.    Died,  San  Francisco,  February 

25,  1874. 

Spurgeon,  W.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1887. 

•  Squires,  Ogden,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1859. 
Stabler,  H.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter  and  Yuba,  1891. 
Stakes,  A.  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1858.     Dead. 
Standart,  George,  Assemblyman,  Lassen,  Plumas,  and  Sierra,  1893. 
Stanford,  Leland,  Governor,  1862^63;  United  States  Senator,  1885-90,  1891-; 

Commissioner  to  attend  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  Inauguration 

of  George  Washington  as  President  of  the  United  States,  1888. 
Stanley,  H.  Y.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1880. 
-Stark,  John  S.,  Assemblyman,  Napa,.  1852. 
•Starr,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1860. 
.Staude,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1889. 
.Stearns,  Abel,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Los  Angeles 

District;    Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1851,  1861.    Died,  San  Francisco, 

August  23,  1871. 

Stebbins,  James  G.T  Senator,  Yuba  and  Sutter,  1854,  1855. 
.Stedman,  John  C.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 

Francisco  District. 

.Steele,  D.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa  and  Tehama,  1857. 
Steele,  Elijah,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1867-68;  Superior  Judge,  Siskiyou 

County,  elected  1879.'    Died,  Yreka,  June  27,  1883. 
Steele,  George,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San  Luis 

Obispo  District;  Senator,  San  Luis  Obispo,  etc.,  1885,  1887. 
Steele,  Thomas  H.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1865-66. 
Steltz,  John  T.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 
Stemmons,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1854.  Died.  San  Francisco,  May 

26,  1856. 

Stephens,  C.  S.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1883. 

Stephens,  J.  F.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50. 

Stephens,  Russell  D.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1869-70;  Postmaster,  Sac- 
ramento, 1885-90;  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1889-90,  1891- ;  Viticultural 
Commissioner,  1890-;  Alternate  Commissioner  to  World's  Fair,  1890- 

Stephens,  S.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1855. 

Stephenson,  C.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1852, 

Stephenson,  E.  A.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1854,  1855;  Tehamaand  Colusa, 
I860:  Speaker  pro  tenu,  1860. 

Sterritt,  John  M.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1856. 

:Steuart,  William  M.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Stevenson,  A.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1856,  1857. 

Stevenson,  D.  C.,  Member' Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Sis- 
kiyou, Modoc,  Trinity,  and  Shasta  District.  Died,  Millvitte,  April,  1883. 

•  Stewart,  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50. 

•  Stewart,  James  S.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1855. 


656  REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS. 

Stewart,  Orrin,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1865-66. 

Stewart,  Robert,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1883. 

Stewart,  William  M.,  Attorney-General,  1854. 

Stillwagon,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Napa  and  Lake,  1871-72.    Died,  Napa,. 
July  12, 1884. 

Stocker,  J.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1858. 

Stcddard,  C.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1880. 

Stone,  W.  H.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  Ih60. 

Stoneman,  George,  Railroad  Commissioner,  appointed  1876-79,  Third  Dis- 
trict, elected  1880-82;  Governor,  1883-86. 

Storke,  0.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara  and  Ventura,  1883,  1889. 

Stout,  Lansing,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1856.    Died,  Oregon,  March  17,  1871. 

Stout,  Moses,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1858.  Died,  Sacramento  County, 
December  20,  1879. 

Stow,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1854,  1855;  Speaker  of  the  House, 
1855;  Park  Commissioner,  San  Francisco,  1890- 

Stowell,  Levi,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1849-50.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
May  18,  1855. 

Stowers,  W.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1873-74. 

Stratton,  W.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1858,1859;  Speaker,  1859;  State  Li- 
brarian, 1861-69. 

Street,  Charles  R.,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1858,  1859. 

Streeter,  Henry  M.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1880,  1881;  Presidential 
Elector,  1888;  Senator,  San  Diego  and  San  Bernardino,  1891,  1893. 

Strong,  J.  M.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Mariposa 
and  Merced  District.  Died,  Sacramento,  November  19,  1878* 

Strother,  Fleet  F.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1891- 

Stuart,  C.  V.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Sonoma 
District. 

Sturtevant,  George,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1891. 

Sullivan,  D.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76. 

Sullivan,  E.  L.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1857,  1858.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
March  26,  1885. 

Sullivan,  F.  J.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1883. 

Sullivan,  J.  F.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1879,  1884. 

Sullivan,  J.  J.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1887. 

Sullivan,  M.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 

Summers,  James  W.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  Mono,  etc.,  1873-74  Died, 
Bridgeport,  April  26,  1877. 

Sumner,  Charles  A.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1883-85. 

Sumner,  George  S.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1863-64. 

Sutter,  John  A.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Sacramento 
District.  Died,  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  June  18,  1880. 

Button,  0.  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
September  1,  1881. 

Suverkrup,  Henry,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1875-76.    Dead. 

Swan,  J.  S.,  Member  of  State'  Board  of  Equalization,  1891- 

Swan,  Thomas  M.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1860,  1875-76.  Died,  Suisun, 
August  29,  1885. 

Swan,  Robert  R.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare,  1856. 

Swayne,  T.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1885. 

Sweasey,  W.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1854;  Member  Second  Consti- 
tutional Convention,  1878-79,  Humboldt  District.  Dead. 

Sweeney,  Edward,  Superior  Judge,  Shasta  County,  elected  1890. 

Sweetland,  H.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1854.     Dead. 

Sweetland,  J.  O.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1880,  1883. 

Swenson,  Charles,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Swett,  John,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  1863-67. 

Swezy,  G.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1857.     Diedr  August  29,  1876. 

Swift,  C.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1881. 

Swift,  John  F.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863, 1873-74,  1877-78;  Presi- 
dential Elector,  1888;  Minister  to  Japan,  1889-91.  Died,  Yokohama, 
March  10,  1891. 

Swinnerton,  J.  G.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Joaquin  County,  elected  1884. 

Swing,  Randolph  S.,  Member  Second  Constitutional' Convention,  1878-79,. 
San  Bernardino  District. 

Sykes,  J.  L,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1887, 1889, 


REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS.  657 

Taggart,  Grant  I.,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1871-75;   Assemblyman,  Ala- 

meda,  1893. 

TaJbott,  W.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Barbara,  1893. 
Taliaferro,    Alfred   W.,  Assemblyman,    Marin,  1852;  Senator,  Sonoma  and 

Marin,  1857,  Ie58.     Died,  San  Rafael,  December  9,  1885. 
Taliaferro,  T.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1855,  1856.     Died,  San  Francisco,. 

December  6,  1889. 

Tallmadge,  D.  P.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1854.     Died,  New  York,  1858. 
Tallman,  John  H.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa,  1858. 
Taylor,  Clay  W.,  Senator,  Shasta,  Modoc,  etc.,  1883,  1885. 
Taylor,  E.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1855. 
Taylor,  Edward  F.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1865-66. 
Taylor,  Edward  E,.,  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  Henry  H.  Haight. 
Taylor,  James  I.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  18^93. 
Taylor,  James  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1853,  1859. 
Taylor,  L.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1887. 
Taylor,  Nelson,  Senator,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50. 
Taylor,  R.  H.,  Judge  Seventeenth  Judicial  District,  elected  1859. 
Taylor,  W.  H.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1856. 
Teare,  P.,  Assemblyman',  El  Dorado,  1863-64. 
Teegarden,  Eli,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1862;  Senator,  Sutter  and  Yuba,  1865-66, 

1867-68.     Died,  Marysville,  June  14,  188$. 
Teff't,  Henry  A.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,.  San  Luis 

Obispo  District;  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo  District,  1849-50;  Judge 

Second  Judicial  District/ elected  by  Legislature,  1850.    Drowned  at  San 

Luis  Obispo,  February  6,  1852. 
Temple,  Jackson,  Judge  Twenty-second  Judicial  District,  appointed  1876, 

elected  1877;  Supreme  Justice,  1870-71,  1887-89;  Superior  Judge,  Sonoma 

County,  elected  1879,  1884;  Supreme  Court  Commissioner,  1891- 
Ten  Broeck,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1852. 
Tennis,  William  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 
Terrill,  C.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1873-74. 
Terry,  David  S.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 

Joaquin  District;  Supreme  Justice,  1855-59;  Chief  Justice,  1857-59.   Died, 

Lathrop,  August  14,  1889. 
Terry,  Samuel  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1883.    Died,  Stockton,  April  1, 

1885. 

Tharp,  E.  H.,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1850-52. 
Theller,  Samuel  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1860. 
Thorn,  Cameron  E.,  Senator,  Los  Angeles,  San  Diego,  etc-.,  1858,  1859. 
Thomas,  C.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1853. 
Thomas,  C.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1873-74. 
Thomas,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus,  1858, 1859. 
Thomas,  James  S.,  Judge  Sixth  Judicial  District,  elected  by  Legislature, 

1850.     Died,  St.  Louis,  1857. 

Thomas,  Massey,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1893. 
Thomas,  Philip  W.,  Senator,  Placer,  1861,  1862.      Died,   Auburn,    October  24, 

1871. 

Thomas,  R.  I.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1893. 
Thomas,  T.  R.,  Assemblyman,   Santa  Clara,  1869-70.    Died,   Gilroy,  July  3, 

1885. 

Thompson,  Frank  P.,  State   Printer,  1875-79. 
Thompson,  James  A.,  Bank  Commissioner,  1887-89. 
Thompson,  James  T.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1852. 
Thompson,  John,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  Ib62. 
Thompson,  Joseph  W.,  Assemblyman,  Tehama  and  Colusa,  1862. 
Thompson,  R.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1877-78. 
Thompson,  S.  B.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 

Francisco  District. 

Thompson,  Thomas  L.,  Secretary  of  State,  1883-87;  Representative  to  Con- 
gress, 1887-89;  Commissioner  to  attend  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the 

Inauguration  of  George  Washington  as  President  of  the  United  States, 

1888. 

Thornbury,  Caleb  N.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiypu,  1862. 
Thorne,  Isaac  N.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1851. 
Thornton,  Harry  I.,  Senator,  Sierra,  1861. 

42 


658  REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS. 

Thornton,  J.  D.,  Judge  Twenty-third  Judicial  District,  appointed  1878; 
Supreme  Justice,  1880-91. 

Thurston,  J.  8.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1869-70. 

Tilden,  William  P.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1861,  1865-66. 

Tilford,  Frank,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1856,  1857.  Died,  Denver,  Colorado, 
June  2,  1886. 

Tilghman,  T.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1853. 

Tiltoii,  S.,  Assemblyman,  San  Mateo,  1862. 

Tilton,  S.  S.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1860,  1861,  1862. 

Tindall,  C.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1893. 

Tingley,  George  B.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento  District,  1849-50;  Senator, 
Santa  Clara,  1851,  1852.  Died,  San  Francisco,  August  3,  1862. 

Tinnin,  W.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1871-72,  1873-74;  Senator,  Shasta, 
Trinity,  etc.,  1875-76;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878- 
79,  Third  Congressional  District ;  United  States  Surveyor  of  Port  of  San 
Francisco,  1885-89. 

Tipton,  J.  S.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1858,  1659. 

Tittle,  F.  G.  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1861.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
October  20,  1877. 

Tivy,  John  T.,  Assemblyman,  Tulare,  1854. 

Titus,  Isaac  S.,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1859,  1860.  Died,  Prescott,  Arizona,  April 
22,  1892. 

Tobin,  John  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1877-78;  Assistant  Adjutant- 
General,  1883-86;  Private  Secretary  to  Governor  George  Stoiieman; 
Commissioner  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  1887-91. 

Tompkins,  Edward,  Senator,  Alameda,  1869-70,  1871-72.  Died,  Oakland,  No- 
vember 14,  1872. 

Toner,  Hugh,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887. 

Toohy,  D.  J.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1882. 

Torrance,  E.  S.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Diego  County,  elected  1890. 

Torrence,  R.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1863. 

Torres,  Manuel,  Assemblyman,  Marin.,  1859, 

Torrey,  Mark  S.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1885. 

Towiier,  J.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  Orange  County,  elected  1889, 1890. 

Townsend,  F.  0.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Men- 
docino District. 

Townsend,  J.  H.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1883. 

Traylor,  W.  W.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1880,  1881.  Died,  San  Francisco,  Jan- 
uary 18,  1883. 

Troutt,'J.  M.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  elected  1890. 

Tubbs,  A.  L.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1865-66, 1867-68. 

Tucker,  E.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1889. 

Tucker,  Joseph  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1852.  Died,  Oakland,  Decem- 
ber 22,  1891. 

Tukey,  Francis,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1863-64.  Died,  Sacramento 
County,  November  23,  1867. 

Tullock,  L.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1889. 

Tully,  E.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey  and  Santa  Clara,  1859, 1867-68,  1873-74; 
Assemblyman,  San  Benito,  1889. 

Tully,  P.  B.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Fourth 
Congressional  District ;  Representative  to  Congress,  1883-85. 

Tully,  Thomas  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 

Turner,  Henry  K.,  Senator,  Nevada  and  Sierra,  1869-70,  1871-72,  1873-74, 
1875-76;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Sierra 
District;  Assemblyman,  Plumas  and  Sierra,  1889. 

Turner,  J,,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1857. 

Turner,  J.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1852;  Butte,  1871-72.  Died,  Oroville, 
April  10,  1884. 

Turner,  R.   M.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1856. 

Turner,  William  R.,  Judge  Eighth  Judicial  District,  elected  by  the  Legisla- 
ture 1850,  elected  1863.  Died,  Jacksonville,  Oregon,  August  6,  1869. 

Tuttle,  A.  A.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1858;  Secretary  of  State,  1863. 
Died,  Donner  Lake,  September  7,  1866. 

Tuttle,  B.  F.,  Senator,  Sonoma,  1871-72,  1873-74, 1875-76;  President  pro  tern., 
1875-76;  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1877-78. 

Tuttle,  Charles  A.,  Senator,  Placer,  1854,  1855;  Presidential  Elector,  1860; 
Assemblyman,  Placer,  1867-68.  Died,  Auburn,  June  24, 


REGISTER  OF  STA  TE   OFFICERS.  659 

Tuttle,  Daniel,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Santa 
Cruz  District. 

Tuttle,  M.  C.,  Senator,  San  Diego,  1863-64,  1865-66.  Died,  San  Bernardino, 
March,  10,  1867. 

Tweed,  Charles  A.,  Senator,  Placer,  1867-68,  1869-70.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
July  22,  1887. 

Tyler,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1880. 

Underwood,  J.  K.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1857. 

Updegraff,  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1855.  Died,  Knights  Landing,  May  9, 
I860. 

Upton,  Clarence  W.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1877-78.  Died,  February  5, 
1878. 

Upton,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1856. 

Vacquerel,  Alphonse  P.,  Member "  Second  Constitutional  Convention, 
1878-79,  San  Francisco  District.  Died,  San  Francisco,  February  21,  1883. 

Vallejo,  M.  G.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  Sonoma  Dis- 
trict; Senator,  Sonoma  District,  1849-50.  Died,  Sonoma,  January  18,  1890. 

VanBenschoten,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50. 

Van  Buren,  Thomas  B.,  Senator,  San  Joaquin,  1851, 1852.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, October  13,  1889. 

Vance,  J.  M.,  Senator,  Butte  and  Plumas,  1860,  1861. 

Van  Cleft,  G.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1854. 

Van  Clief,  Peter,  Judge  Seventeenth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1859;  Su- 
preme Court  Commissioner,  1888- 

Vandall,  B.  C., Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1873-74. 

Vandever,  William,  Representative  to  Congress,  1887-91;  Commissioner  to 
attend  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  Inauguration  of  George 
Washington  as  President  of  the  United  States,  1888. 

Van  Dusen,  J.  T.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1856. 

Van  Dyke,  Walter,  Assemblyman,  Klamath,  1853;  Senator,  Humboldt,  etc., 
1862,1863;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Second 
Congressional  District;  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  elected  1888. 

Van  Fleet,  W.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1881;  Prison  Director,  1883- 
84 ;  Superior  Judge,  Sacramento  County,  elected  1884,  1890. 

Van  Leuven,  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1863-64. 

Vann,  W.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Colusa  and  Lake,  1893. 

Van  Xess,  James,  Senator,  Santa  Barbara  and  San  Luis  Obispo,  1871-72; 
Mayor  of  San  Francisco,  1855.  Died,  San  Luis  Obispo,  December  28,  1872. 

Van  Reynegom,  F.  W.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco,  appointed  1889. 

Van  ScKaick,  H.  D.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1863-64. 

Van  Voorhies,  R.  J.  Assemblyman,  Alpine,  Mono,  etc.,  1885. 

Van  Voorhies,  William,  Assemblyman,  Sari  Francisco  District,  1849-50; 
Secretary  of  State,  1849-52 ;  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention, 
1878-79,  Alameda  District.  Died,  Eureka,  California,  September  6,  1884. 

Van  Zant,  John  W.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862. 

Variel,  R.  H.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Plumas  and  Sierra,  1887. 

Varnev,  B.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1857,  1863. 

Vaughn,  C.  L.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Slitter,  1859. 

Venable,  J.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1873-74. 

Venable,  McD.  R.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1887. 

Vermeule,  Thomas  L.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849,  San 
Joaquin  District;  Senator,  San  Joaquin  District,  1849-50.  Died,  Stockton, 
May  7,  1856. 

Victoria,  Manuel,  Governor  under  Mexican  rule,  1831-32. 

Vincent,  J.  P.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1887. 

Vineyard,  J.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1855;  Senator,  Los  Angeles, 
1862,  1863.  Died,  Los  Angeles,  August  30,  1863. 

Virden,  W.  H.,  Superior  Judge,  Mono  County,  elected  1890. 

Voorhies,  E.  C.,  Senator,  Amador  and  Calaveras,  1891,  1893. 

Vrooman,  Henry,  Senator,  Alameda,  1883,  1885,  1887.  Died,  Oakland,  April 
8,  1889. 

Waddell,  William,  Assemblvman,  Amador,  1862. 

Wade,  James  H.,  Senator,  Mariposa  and  Tulare,  1853,  1854.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, October  8,  1867. 

Wade,  Owen,  Assemblyman,  Napa,  1893. 

Wade,  W.  P.,  Superior  Judge,  Los  Angeles  County,  elected  1888. 

Wadsworth,  E.,  Senator,  Siskiyou,  1865-66,  1867-68. 


660  REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS. 

Wagner.  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1856.      Died,  Jackson,  March  2, 

1874. 

Waite,  E.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1855;  Senator,  Nevada,  1856,  1857;  Sec- 
retary of  State,  1891- 

Walden,  Minor,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus  and  Merced,  1860,  1861,  1869-70. 
Waldron,  Mahlon,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1867-68,  1869-70. 
Walker,  A.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1858. 
Walker,  A.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1880.    Died,    Tmckee,  November  14, 

1882. 
Walker,  Asa,  Assemblyman,   Alameda,  1863-64.    Died,  Brooklyn,  Alameda 

County,  May  12, 1869. 
Walker,  Hugh,'  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Marin 

District. 

Walker,  I.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1863^4,1871-72. 
Walker,  J.   P.,   Member    First    Constitutional    Convention,  1849,  Sonoma 

District. 

Walker,  James  M.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1863. 
Walker,  Thomas  R.,  Assemblyman,  Marin,  1853. 
Walkup,  Joseph,  Senator,  Placer,  1853,  1854,1857;  Lieutenant-Governor,  1858- 

59.     Died,  Auburn,  October  15,  1873. 
Wall,  Isaac  B.,  Assemblyman,  Monterey,  1852,  1853;  Speaker  of  the  House, 

1853.    Died,  Monterey,  November  9,  1855. 
Wallace,  George,  Private  Secretary  to  Governors  Milton  S.  Latham  and  John 

G.  Downey. 
Wallace,  William  C.,  Judge  Seventh  Judicial  District,  elected,  1869,   1875; 

Superior  Judge,  Napa  County,  elected  1879. 
Wallace,  William  T.,  Attorney-General,  1856-57;  Supreme  Justice,  1870-79; 

Chief  Justice,   1872-79;  Presidential  Elector,  1880;   Assemblyman,  San 

Francisco,  1883;  Superior  Judge,  San  Francisco.,  elected  1886, 1892;  Regent 

of  State  University. 

Walling,  J.  M.,  Superior  Judge,  Nevada  County,  elected  1884. 
'  Wallis,  H.  W.,  Senator,  Nevada  and  Sierra,  1883,  1885.    Died,  Forest   City, 

June  9,  1887. 

Wallis,  J.  S.,  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1863. 
Wallis,  Talbot  H.,  State  Librarian,  1882-90. 
Walrath,    Austin,    Assemblyman,   Nevada,  1883,   1885;    Senator,   Nevada, 

1887. 

Walsh,  James,  Senator,  Nevada,  1852. 
Walsh,  P.  F.,  Adjutant- General,  1875-80;  Registrar  of  Voters,  San  Francisco, 

1885-87. 

Walter,  F.,  Assemblyman,  Trinity,  1861. 
Walthall,    Madison.    Assemblyman,   Sacramento    District,   1849-50.    Died, 

Stockton,  April  28,  1873. 

Walton,  John,  Senator,  El  Dorado,  1852,  1853. 
Wand,  Thomas  N.,  Assemblyman,   San    Francisco,   1867-68;   Senator,  San 

Francisco,  1869-70,  1871-72. 

Ward,  Charles  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 
Ward,  J.  B.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1880. 
Ward,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1885. 
Ward,  J.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1858. 
Ward,  Loomis,  Assemblyman,  Colusa,  1871-72. 
Ward,  R.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Merced  and  Stanislaus,  1865-66. 
Warden,  L.  M.,  Assemblyman,  San  Luis  Obispo,  1877-78. 
Warfield,  J.B.,  Assemblyman,   Nevada,  1858;  Sonoma,  1867-68.    Died,  San 

Francisco,  November  19,  1878. 

Warkins,  Chapman,  Assemblyman,  Amador,  1881. 
Warmcastle,  F.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,   1854    1858;   Senator,  San 

Joaquin,  etc.,  1861,  1862;  Superior  Judge,   Contra  Costa    County,  ap- 
pointed 1886, 
Warner,  J.  J.,  Senator,  San  Diego,  1851,  1852;   Assemblyman,  Los    Angeles, 

1860. 

Warren,  G.  R.,  State  Controller.  1862-63. 
Warrington,  Samuel  R.,  Assemblyman,  Sutter,  1857. 
Warwick,  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1862,  1863. 
Washburn,  C.  A.,  Presidential  Elector,  1860.    Died,   New    York,  January  28, 

1889. 
Wason,  Milton,  Assemblyman,  Solano,   1863-64;  Santa  Barbara,  etc.,  1880, 

1881. 


REGISTER   OF  STA  TE   OFFICERS.  661 

Wasson,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  Mono  and  Inyo,  1880,1881.  Died,  San  Bias, 
April  18,  1883. 

Waterman,  R.  W.,  Lieutenant-Governor,  1887;  Governor,  1887-90.  Died,  San 
Diego,  April  12,  1891. 

Waters,  Byron,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1877-78;  Member  Second 
Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Fourth  Congressional  District. 

Watkins,  H.  P.,  Senator,  Yuba,  I860,  1861. 

Watkins,  Jason,  Assemblyman,  Yolo,  1875-76. 

Watkins,  Joseph  S.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1854,  1855 ;  Calaveras,  1857. 

Watkins,  William  P.,  Assemblyman,  Siskiyou,  1859.'  Died,  Panama,  Janu- 
ary 26,  1878. 

Watson,  B.  J.,  Senator,  Nevada  and  Sierra,  1880,  1881. 

Watson,  E.  H.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1885. 

Watson,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1885. 

Watson,  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  I860. 

Watson  John  A.,  Assemblyman,  Los  Angeles,  1862,  1863,  1867-68.  Died,  Los 
Angeles,  September  16,  1869. 

Watson,  John  H.,  Judge  Third  Judicial  District,  elected  by  the  Legislature, 
1850. 

Watson,  John  H.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco  District,  1849-50;  Senator, 
Monterey  and  Santa  Cruz,  1860,  1861. 

Watson,  J.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1863-64.  Died,  Sacramento,  Sep- 
tember 11,  1889. 

Watt,  Robert,  State  Controller,  1867-71;  Bank  Commissioner,  1878-82;  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  Stockton  Insane  Asylum,  1889- 

Watt,  William,  Senator,  Nevada,  1861.      Died,  North  Bloomfield,  July  6,  1878. 

Wattsqn,  C.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1880. 

Waymire,  James  A.,  Superior  Judge,  San   Francisco,  appointed  1881. 

Wear,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Kern  and  Ventura,  1889. 

Weaver,  J.  H.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1883,  1885;  Speaker  pro  tern., 
1885. 

Weber,  C.  N.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1887. 

Webster,  Jonathan  V.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
Alameda  District. 

Weeks,  J.  E.  P.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1872-73.  Died,  Sacramento,  August 
28,  1877. 

Weeks,  William  H.,  Presidential  Elector,  1860;  Secretary  of  State,  1862-63. 
Died,  Sacramento,  August  16,  1863. 

Weil,  John,  State  Treasurer,  1880-82. 

Weinstock,  Harris,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1887-89. 

Weir,  B.  G,,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1856.  Died,  Tuolumne  City,  Novem- 
ber 19, 1886. 

Welch,  J.  W.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1887,1889,  1891. 

Welch,  S.  K.,  Assemblyman,  Napa  and  Lake,  1873-74,  1877-78. 

Welcker,  W.  T.,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  1883-86. 

Weller,  John  B.,  United  States  Senator,  1851-56;  Governor,  1858-59.  Died, 
New  Orleans  August  17, 1875. 

Weller,  Joseph  R.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Santa 
Clara  District. 

Wellin,  Patrick  M.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  San 
Francisco  District. 

Wells,  Alexander,  Attorney-General,  1852;  Supreme  Justice,  1853-54.  Died, 
San  Jose,  October  31,  1854. 

Wells,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Butte.  1853,  1855.    Dead. 

Welsh,  L.  S.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1856, 

Welty,  Daniel  W.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1860.  Died,  Chehalis,  Wash- 
ington, March  24,  1891. 

Welty,  Jacob,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1871-72.    Died,  Lincoln,  November  17, 1879. 

Wendell,  J.  T.,  Senator,  Solano  and  Yolo,  1880,  1881.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
February  16, 1891. 

Wentworth,  George  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1891. 

Wentz,  Christian,  Assemblyman*  Santa  Clara,  1881. 

Werk,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1862. 

Wertsbaugher,  Joseph  C.,  Assemblyman,  Butte,  1881.  Died,  Chico,  August  1, 
1884. 

Wescott,  Jonas,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1860. 

West,  John  P.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Los 
Angeles  District;  Senator,  Los  Angeles,  1880,  1881. 


662  REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 

Westmoreland,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1867-68;  Senator,  Placer, 

1856,   1857;  Presidential  Elector,  1868.     Died,  Panama,  December  23,  1868. 
Weston,  H.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1891. 
Weston,  R.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1863-64. 
Wethered,  James  S.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1851. 
Wetherill,  S.  E.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1875-76.     Died,  San  Francisco, 

January  7,  1885. 

Whalen,  Peter,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1883. 
Whallon,  M.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1863-64. 

Wharton,  J.  F.,  Assemblyman,  Fresno,  1883.    Died,  Fresno,  March  17,  1889. 
Wheadon,  John,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1859. 
Wheat,  A.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1877-78,  1883. 
Wheaton,  William  R.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1863,  1871-72.      Died, 

Oakland,  September  11,  1888. 

Wheeler,  Alfred,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco  District,  1849-50. 
Wheeler,  E.  D.,  Senator,  Yuba,  etc.,  1859,  1860;  Judge  Nineteenth  Judicial 

District,  appointed  1872,  elected  1873. 
Whipple,  E.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1881.     Died,  Santa  Rosa,   December 

8,  1882. 

Whipple,  S.  G.,  Assemblyman,  Klamath,  1854,  1857;  Humboldt,  1863. 
Whitcomb,  N.  T.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1885. 
White,  James  D.,  Assemblyman,   E).    Dorado,  1856;  Nevada,  1867-68.    Died, 

Nevada  City,  December  19,  1883. 
White,   John,' Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1860,  1861.     Died,  England,  February 

23,  1871. 

White,  P.  J,,  Railroad  Commissioner,  Second  District,  1887-90. 
White,  Stephen  M.,  Senator,  Los  Angeles,  1887,  1889;    President  pro  tern., 

1887,1889;    Lieutenant-Governor,  1887-90;    Trustee  State  Normal  School 

at  Los  Angeles,  1887-91,  1891- ;  United  States  Senator,  1893- 
White,  Thomas  J.,  Assemblyman  (Speaker),  Sacramento,  1849-50.     Died,  Los 

Angeles,  December,  1861. 
White,  William  F.,  Member  Second    Constitutional    Convention,   1878-79, 

Santa  Cruz,  Monterey,  and   San  Benito  District;  Bank   Commissioner, 

1879-87.    Died,  Los  Angeles,  May  13,  1890. 
Whitehurst,  L.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1889;  Senator,  Santa  Clara, 

1893. 
Whiteside,   N.  E.,  Assemblyman  (Speaker),   Yuba,   1858.     Died,   Marysville, 

September  1,  1876. 
Whiting,  B.  C.,  Senator,  Monterey,  etc.,  1854,  1855.     Died,  Los  Angeles,  June 

7,  1881. 

Whiting,  Charles  J.,  Surveyor-General,  1849-51. 
Whiting,  G,  A.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  Mono,  etc.,  1871-72. 
Whiting,  M,  S.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1863. 
Whitlock,  J.  H.,  Assemblyman,  Plumes  and  Lassen,  1877-78. 
Whitman,  B.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1854.    Died,  San  Francisco,  August 

5,  1885. 

Whitman,  G.  N.,  Assemblyman,  San  Bernardino,  1859. 
Whitman,  George  W.,  State  Controller,  1856-57. 
Whitney,  A.  P.,  Senator,  Sonoma,  1877-78.    Died,  San  Francisco,  February  10, 

1884. 

Whitney,  D.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1871-72. 
Whitney,  G.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1859. 
Whitney,  George  E.,  Senator,  Alarneda,  1883,  1885. 
Whitney,  William,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1855.    Died,  Nevada  County, 

June  18,  1872. 
Wickes,  JohnT.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Nevada 

District. 

Wick  ware,  G.  C.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1873-74. 
Widney,  Robert  M.,  Judge  Seventeenth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1871. 
Wiggin,  C.  L.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1865-66.    Died,  San  Francisco, 

March  29, 1891. 
Wiggin,  Marcus  P.,  Superior  Judge,  Mono  County,  appointed  1880,  elected 

1880. 
Wigginton,  P.  D.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1875-77,  1878.    Died,  Oakland, 

July  7,  1890. 

Wilcox,  I.  A.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1887. 
Wilcox,  John  W.,  Assemblyman,  Mariposa  and  Merced,  1863,  1863-64,  1865- 

66,  1871-72,  1873-74. 


REGISTER  OF  STATE  OFFICERS.  663 

Wilcoxon,  C.  E.,  Assemblyman,  Butter,  1862;  Member  of  State  Board  of 
Equalization,  1883-86, 1887-90. 

Wiley,  A.,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1863-64. 

Wilkins,  Charles  P.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1860.  Died,  Santa  Rosa,  Au- 
gust 1,  1864. 

Wilkins,  W.  W.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1851. 

Willets,  Stephen,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1867-68. 

Willey,  Henry  I.,  Surveyor-General,  1883-86. 

Willey,  O.  P.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1861. 

Williams,  A.  P.,  United  States  Senator,  1886. 

Williams,  B.  T.,  Superior  Judge,  Ventura  County,  elected  1884,  1890. 

Williams,  C.  E.,  Judge  Fifteenth  Judicial  District,  appointed  1856. 

Williams,  C.  H.  S.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  etc.,  1859.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
January  4,  1867. 

Williams,  George,  Assemblyman,  Humboldt,  1887,  1889. 

Williams,  George  E.,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1873-74;  Judge  Eleventh 
Judicial  District,  elected  1875;  Superior  Judge,  El  Dorado  County,  elected 
1879,  1884. 

Williams,  George  H.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1891,  1893. 

Williams,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1860. 

Williams,  John   F.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento  District,  1849-50. 

Williams,  L.  S.,  Senator,  Trinity  and  Klamath,  1853.  Died,  San  Francisco, 
October  16,  1860. 

Williams,  R.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1856. 

Williams,  Thomas  H.,  Attorney-General,  1858-61.  Died,  San  Francisco,  Feb- 
ruary 28,  1886. 

William's,  W.  H.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1889,  1891. 

Williams,  W.  S.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1869-70. 

Williamson,  C.  V.,  Senator,  Tuolumne,  1861,  1862. 

Willis,  Henry  N.,  Superior  Judge,  San   Bernardino  County,  appointed    1887. 

Willson,  Israel  C.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Cruz,  1858,  1863.  Died,  Santa  Cruz, 
December  30,  1869. 

Wilsey,  Levi,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1863-64.     Dead. 

Wilson,  B.  D.,  Senator^  Los  Angeles,  San  Diego,  etc.,  1856,  1857,  1869-70, 1871- 
72.  Died,  Los  Angeles,  March  11,  1878. 

Wilson,  H.  C.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Tehama 
District;  Senator,  Tehama  and  Colusa,  1891,  1893. 

Wilson,  J.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Alameda,  1865-66. 

Wilson,  J.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1853. 

Wilson,  J.  N.  E.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1887,  1889;  Insurance  Commis- 
sioner, 1889- 

Wilson,  M.  WT.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1877-78. 

Wilson,  Samuel,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1860. 

Wilson,  Samuel  M.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79, 
First  Congressional  District.  Died,  San  Francisco,  June  4,  1892. 

Wilson,  T.  K.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1883;  Superior  Judge,  San 
Francisco,  elected  1879,  1880,  1886. 

Winans,  Joseph  W.,  Trustee  of  State  Library,  1861-70;  Member  Second 
Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  First  Congressional  District.  Died, 
San  Francisco,  March  31,  1887'. 

Wiiichell,  G.,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1873-74. 

Winchester,  Jonas,  State  Printer,  1850-51.    Died,  Columbia,  February  23, 1887. 

Winchester,  M.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1863-64. 

Windrow,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1887,  1891. 

Wing,  Austin,  Assemblyman,  El  Dorado,  1852,  1853. 

Wing,  Stephen,  Senator,  Tuolumne,  etc.,  1869-70,  1871-72. 

Wing,  W,  P.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1859. 

Winsor,  W.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Yuba,  1856. 

Winston,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  Plumas,  1856. 

Witherby,  0.  S.,  Assembfyman,  San  Diego  District,  1849-50;  Judge  First 
Judicial  District,  elected  by  Legislature  1350. 

Wohler,  Herman,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1852, 1856.  Died,  San  Fran- 
cisco, June  2,  1877. 

Wolcott,  Oliver,  Senator,  Tuolumne,  etc.,  1865, 1867-68. 

Wolfskill,  J.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1891. 

Wolfskill,  John,  Senator,  San  Diego  and  San  Bernardino,  1883. 

Wolleb,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1867-68.  Died,  Fruitvale,  De- 
cember 21,  1883. 


664  REGISTER  OF  STATE   OFFICERS. 

Wombough,  M.  M.,  Senator,  Yolo  and  Colusa,  1852,  1853. 

Wood,  A.,  Assemblyman,  Plumas,  1861. 

Wood,  Charles,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1875-76. 

Wood,  George,  Assemblyman,  Plumas  and  Sierra,  1881,  1885. 

Wood,  Joseph,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1868-64. 

Wood,  Joseph  C.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1857;  Yolo,  1861. 

Wood,  R.  N.,  Assemblyman,   San  Francisco,   1852.  .  Died,   Cavorca,  Mexico, 

April  7,  1857. 
Wood,  William  G.,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1867.    Died,  Brooklyn,    New 

York,  April  20,  1869. 

Woodman,  George  W.,  Assemblyman,  Shasta,  1862. 
Woodside,  P.  K.,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1853-54. 
Woodward,  F.  J.,  Assemblyman,  San  Jqaquin,  1871-72,  1885. 
Woodworth,  F.  A.,  Senator,  San  Francisco,  1857.     Dead. 
Woodworth,  S.  E.,  Senator,  Monterey,  1849-50,  1851.    Died,  San  Francisco, 

January  29,  1871. 
Woolf,  D.  B.,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1875-80;  Secretary  of  Supreme 

Court  Commission,  1885- 
Works,  John  D.,  Superior  Judge,  San  Diego  County,  appointed  1886,  elected 

1886 ;  Supreme  Justice,  1888-1890. 

Worthington,  Henry  G.,  Assemblyman,  San  Francisco,  1862. 
Wozencraft,  0.   M.,  Member  First  Constitutional  Convention,  1849-50,   San 

Joaquin  District.    Died,  New    York,  November  22,  1887. 
Wright,  C.  C.,  Assemblyman,  Stanislaus,  1887. 
.Wright,  George  W.,  Representative  to  Congress,  1849-51. 
Wright,  M.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Solano,  1871-72;  Senator,  Solano,  1885. 
Wright,  S.  P.,  Assemblyman,   Klamath  and  Del  Norte,  1862,  1863;  Senator, 

Del  Norte,  Klamath,  etc.,  1863-64,  1865-66;  President  pro  tern.,  1865-66. 
Wright,  T.  J.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1863,  1863-64. 
Wright,  Thomas,  Assemblyman,  Sierra,  1861. 
Wright,  W.  S.  M.,  Assemblyman,  Sonoma,  1873-74. 
Wyatt,  N.  G.,  Member  Second  Constitutional  Convention,  1878-79,  Monterey 

District. 

Wyman,  S.  B.,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1857. 
Yager,  Cornelius,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1860. 
Yancey,  F.,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  1860. 
Yell.  Archibald,  Assemblyman,  Mendocino,  1883;   Senator,  Mendocino  and 

Lake,  1887,  1889;  Director  Mendocino  State  Insane  Asylum,  1889-91. 
Yeiser,  Frederick,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1851,  1852,  1853. 
York,  Frank,  Assemblyman,  Tuolumne,  Mono,  etc.,  1869-70. 
York,  J.  L.,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1880. 
Young,  A.  R.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1869-70. 
Young,  Albert  J.,  Assemblyman,  Contra  Costa,  1877-78. 
Young,  George  A.,  Assemblyman,  Nevada,  1858, 1859;  San  Francisco,  1875-76. 
Young,  George  E.,  Assemblyman,  Calaveras,  1852.     Died,  Arizona,  1877. 
Young,  J.  D.,  Assemblyman,  San  Joaquin,  1887. 
Young,  John  D.,  State  Printer,  1880-82,  1887-90, 
Young,  John  N.,  Assemblyman,  Sacramento,  1880,  1881. 
Young,  Nestor  A.,  Assemblyman,  San  Diego,  1887,  1889,  1891. 
Yule,  John,  Assemblyman,  Placer,  1862,  1863,1865-66;    Trinity  and  Shasta 

1885;  Speaker  of 'the  House,  1865-66;  Senator,  Placer,  1863-64.    Died,   El 

Dorado  County,  March,  1888. 
Zuck,  J.  C.,  Senator,  Santa  Clara,  1880,  1881. 
Zuck,  John,  Assemblyman,  Santa  Clara,  1862,  1865-66. 


INDEX. 


_ABBOTT,  A 518 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner.   ._ 533 

Abbott,  C.  S 314,  368,  409 

Abbott,  J.  P ...550,552,  561 

Abell,  Alex.  G 

13,   15,  67,  176,  184,  185,  195, 
313  335,  340,  356,  358,  362,  363,  404 

vote  for,  for  controller ...    15 

Adams,  Amos 205 

Adams,  A.  C 88,  263 

Adams,  F 430,438,  469 

Adams,  John  Quincy 320 

Adams,  L.  B. ". 547 

Addington,  Mrs.  L.  H 584 

Addington,  S 199 

Addison,  J.  E. 9 

.Address  by  republican   club  of 

S.  F.,  1868 277 

Address  of  American  party  in 

1855... .....     50 

Address  of  republican  state  com- 
mittee, 1879  402 

Address  of  union  state  commit- 
tee in  1865 223 

Address  to  democracy  in  1854 32 

Adulteration,  laws  to  punish  .__  525 
of  food  products,  laws  against,  577 

Agnew,  Thomas  J 1 

Agricultural   fairs,    horse-racing 

opposed 448 

Agriculture,     commissioner     of, 
making  a  cabinet  officer  of, 

454,  459,  471 

Alabama  affair,  resolution  on...  291 
Alabama  treaty,  rejection  of,  in- 
dorsed  294 

Alaska,  resolution  on  purchase 

of 285 

Aldrich,  Daniel 59 

Aldrich,  Lewis 41,  104 

Alexander,  Chas.  0 593 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Alexander,  J. 199 

Aliens,  opposition  to  ownership 

of  land  by 458,  529,  548,  557 

transmission    of  property   by 

will 557 

Allegiance  to  national    govern- 
ment paramount  185 

Allen,  Chas.  E 7,  8,  34,  176,  281 

Alien, E. 22 

Allen,  Horace 44 

Allen,.] 91 

Allen,  James _. 44,    47 

vote  for,  for  printer 50 

Allen,  John  .     ..  .  179 

Alley,  S.  H 207 

Allyn,  John 400 

Alvarado,  Juan  B. 11,     18 


American  .(know-nothing)  party, 

organization  of 38 

successes  in  1855. 39 

address  of,  in  1855 50 

conventions  of 

1855,  42, 50 ;  1856,  62,  67 ;  1857,     81 
members  of  state  committee. .    83 

platforms  adopted 42,  63,     81 

Louisville     convention,    plat- 
form indorsed 81 

on  disorganization  of 79,    80 

American  party  conventions 

1886,527;  1888,547;   1890,  556 

resolutions  adopted  by ._  528 

American  party  platforms ._ 

1886,528;  1888,547;   1890,  557 

American  party  state  committee  532 
American    .Republican     College 

League,  welcome  to ..".  591 

Amerige,  George 176,  258,  259 

Amerman,  I.  A 281,  310 

Ames,  Fisher 456 

Ames,  J.  P 310,  430 

Ames,  T.  M '....195,  342 

Amnesty,  resolution  asking,  for 

political  offenses 298 

Amyx,  H. ._ 44,    45 

Anderson,  Alexander 22 

Anderson,  James 77,  79,  123,  191 

Anderson,  James  A. 586 

Anderson,  James  W 565 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 570 

Anderson,  John 124,  389 

Anderson,  Robert  M 43,  104 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor 50 

Anderson,  W.  N. ....    90 

Andrews,  A. 583 

Andrews,  A.  R. 83 

Andrews,  Howard 451 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  453 

Andross,  M.  C. 326,  340 

Andrus,  W.  R. 401 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor 421 

Angney,  W.  Z.  _•_ 283,  298 

Anthony,  Elihu... ;__... 384,  481 

Anthony,  G.  W 355 

Anti-Chinese  conventions  ..  .479,  480 

memorial  to  congress  by 481 

resolutions  adopted  by 479,  502 

Anti-Chinese  Non-partisan  Asso- 
ciation, organization  of.  503 

Anti-Masonic  ticket,  votes  for,  in 

1880 — 431 

Anti-monopoly  convention,  1884  466 

platform  of.. 466 

Anti-riparian   Irrigation  Organ- 
ization, articles  of  association  507 

Applegate,  G.  W 334 

Appleton,  H.  A 81 


666 


INDEX. 


Apportionment  act  of  1891  de- 
nounced  577 

Appropriations,  limit  of,  to  two 

years 249 

by  state  for  private  purposes, 

opposition  to 260,  265 

by  legislature  of  1889 563,  567 

Archer,  Lawrence 191,  303, 

320,  350,  389,  415,  436,  461,  569,  581 

vote  for,  for  congressman 311 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  571 

Arms,  H 99 

Arms,  Moses _ 65,  74 

Armstrong,  John  W 

301,437,523,  546,  569 

Army,  increase  of,  opposed  to...  525 
(See  also,  National  Guard.) 

Arnold,  L.  B ....103,  179,  186,  188 

Arnold,  T.  J 461 

Arrests  during  war  for  treasona- 
ble expressions 203 

action  by  democratic  commit- 
tees  - 212 

for  expressions   on    death    of 

Lincoln 213 

resolutions  condemning.. 225 

Arthur,  Chester  A 429,  431 

Ash,  Robert : 532 

Ashbury,  M. 305 

Ashe,  R. 18 

Ashe,  R.  P 104,  113 

Ashe,  W.  L 569 

Ashley,  D.  R. 43, 

67',  68,  75,  76,  99,  103,  176,  179,  184 

vote  for,  ior  treasurer  ... 180 

Astin,  Samuel  0 42 

vote  for,  for  prison  director  ...  50 

Atherton,  F.  D 314 

Attorney-general,  vote  for,  in 
1850,  ll;  1851,  15;  1853,  29; 
1855,  50;  1857,  84;  1859,  109; 
1861,180;  1863,201;  1867,267; 
1871,311;  1875,355;  1879,421; 

1882,    453;     1886,    532;     1890,  570 

Atwell,  A.  J..-_ 461 

Aubrey,  E. 90 

Aud,  F.  L. ....  123 

Australian  ballot  system,  resolu- 
tions favoring... 555,  560,  567,  578 
Avery,  Benjamin  P.. 176, 184, 185,  195 

vote  for,  for  printer 180 

Avery,  J.  M 249 

Axtell,  S.  B...42,  211,  212,  267,  285,  303 

vote  for,  for  congressman.. 268,  288 

Aver,  L.  B 314 

Ayers,  G.  R 8s 

Ayers,  J.  J.....   3*9,  394,  402 

Vote  for,  for  congressman 421 

Ayers,  Wm. 586 

Ayres,  W.-~ 428 

BABCOCK,  Geo.._463,  464,  465,  473,  506 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general ._  532 

Bachman,  B.  T 99 

Baehr,  Ferdinand 309,  349 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 311,  355 

Bagge,  Theodore  F 359,  362,  389 

Baggett,  W.  T 393 


Bagley,  D.  T 68 

Bagley,  John... 69 

Bahr,  Henry.. 317 

Bailey,  Orrin . 10,     19 

Bailhache,  J.  N 320 

Baine,  A.  C 70 

Bair,  Thomas 532 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization . 533 

Baird,  Curtis 76 

Baird,  J.  H 267,  292,  359 

Baker,  Abijah.. 281 

Baker,  E.  D 

..34,  65,  75,  93,  97,  99, 107,  126,  127 

vote  for,  for  congressman    108 

Baker,  George  F....  362,  424,  429,  430 

Baker.  Henry ....280,  318 

Baker,  J.  H 31 

Baker,  John 410 

Baker,  P.  Y. 410,  445,  575 

Baker,  Thos.    Ill 

Baldwin,  A.  R 102  318 

Baldwin,  Barry  ..  i. 575 

Baldwin,  D.  P. 12,    43 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor 15 

Baldwin,  F.  T 329,  361,  422 

Baldwin,  Frank  P. 417 

Baldwin,  Fred 437 

Baldwin,  G.  W 75,  94,  95,  116 

Baldwin,  Isaac  M _  .109,  110 

Baldwin,  Joseph  G 172 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 95 

Ball,  J.  C 435 

Ballots,  kinds  used  in  1871 i .  312 

(tiee  oho,  Australian  ballot.) 
Baltimore    platform,    principles 

of,  reasserted 31 

Baltimore     union      convention, 

platform  indorsed. 210 

Bandini,  — .,  vote  for,  for  super- 
intendent of  public  instruction    11 

Banks,  J.  A 174 

Banks,  Jerome 363,410,  445 

Banks,  X.  P.,  resolution  on  elec- 
tion of,  as  speaker 58 

Banning,  Phineas... 207 

Barber,  H.  P. _...30,  73, 

88,  90.  104,  123,  126,  17Q,  172, 
188,  191,  197,  211,  212,  264,  283,  289 

vote  for,  for  congressman 180 

Barber,  J.  H 1 513 

Barbour,  Clitus, 393,  401 

vote  for,  for  congressman 421 

Barbour.  H.  D 468 

Barbour,  W.  T ..22,  45,    90 

Barclay,  H.  A. 518 

Bard,  Thomas  R 430,  455,  592,  594 

Barham,  J.  A 537,  565 

vote  for,  for  congressman 571 

Barnard,  Timothy  H 455 

Barnes,  J.  E 586 

Barnes,  T.  L.... 199 

Barnes,  W.  H.  L 

....389,  442,  513,  552,  553,  571,  574 

Barney,  Samuel 19 

Barr,  John  C 80 

Barren,  W.  H,  ... 586 


INDEX. 


667 


Barrv,  James  H 504 

Barry,  John  T._.. 302 

vote  for,  for  printer 311  , 

Barry,  Thomas  F 460,  583* 

Barstow,  Alfred 

173,  176,  185,220,281,  295 

Barstow,  Geo 250,  319,  424 

Bartlett,  thos 60 

Bartlett,  W.  C 342 

Bartlett,  Washington  ...324,325,  523 

vote  for,  for  governor 532 

memorial  resolution  on 546 

sketch  of  .„., 602 

Barton,  J.  X 590 

Barton,  W.  H ..210,  217 

Bascom,  L.  H. 42 

Bassett,  J.  M 532,  549,  556 

Batchelder,  A.  J.  , 248,  273 

Bateman,  C 533 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  533 

Bateman,  C.  A 451,  464 

Bateman,  C.  C 465 

vote  for,  for  congressman 472 

Bateman,  E.  B 10 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction. 11 

Bates,  — 367 

Bates,  Geo.  C 59 

discussion  with  Zabriskie 62 

Bates,  Henry... 42,    44 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 50 

Batson,  John  M _.     50 

Bauer,  John  A .._ 430 

Baxter,  W.  H 355 

Bay.  Armand 361 

Bayless,— 550 

Bayne,  Adam..., 451 

Bayne,  Richard 461,  463 

"Bayonet  bill,"   resolution  con- 
demning...  298 

Beach,  Horace 278 

Beale,  E.  F 59 

Beamer,  R.  H. ...560,  569,  581 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 570 

Beamish,  P t 542 

Beard,  E.  L.  S19 

Beard,  Joseph  R _ 34 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 38 

Beattie  John,  Jr 518 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization. 533 

Beatty,  E.  T .  .77 

Beatty,  H.  0.,  49,  92,  124,  125,  196,  335 

Beatty,  W.  A 560 

Beatty,  Wm.  H 550,  552  564 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 553,  570 

Beau,  Charles  E _. 320 

Beck,  Thomas.. ...353,  418,  437 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state,  355 

Becker,  H.  J 464 

Becket,  L.J .  536 

Beckman,  Wm._259,  260,  340,  560,  565 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 355 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  570 
Bee,  Albert  W 13,    26 


Beebe,  W.  S 

Been,  M.  C 

Beerstecher,  C.  J 393, 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner   _. 

Belcher,  1.  S 

....220,  250,  326,  389,  390,  409, 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court - 

Belcher,  W.  C. 

Belden,  David 

Belden,  Josiah. .280,  314, 

Bell,  A.  D.  .1 

Bell,  Aaron —472, 

Bell,  Alex... 44, 

vote  fo»-,  for  prison  director  ... 

Bell,  E.  C..'.., 

Bell,  Horace 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor  ... 

Bell,  John . 

nomination  indorsed 

election  returns  for 

Bell,  Robert 

Bell,  S.  B _.93, 

Bell,  Samuel  24,  44,  75,  94,  97,  99, 

vote  for,  for  controller 

Bell,  W.  H :  — 

vote  for,  for  prison  director  ... 

Bell  electors,  vote  for... 

Belshaw,  W.  W. 

Benedict,  Newton 

Benham,  Calhoun 

10,  19,  26,  34,  73, 

104, 106,  114,  123,  124,  180,  203, 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

Bennett,  A.  A. 298, 

Bennett,  C.  F 

Bennett,  Nathaniel 

J..59,  76,  83,294,393, 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court _ .84, 

Bennett,  P.  W 

Benrimo,  Joseph 280, 

Benson,  J.  M ._ 

Benton,  J.  A 

Benton,  J.  E .-76,  93, 

Berford,  R.  G 

Bering  Sea  affair,  management 

of,  approved 

Beringer,  F. -.546, 

Bernard,  A.  P. 

Berry,  C.  P 334,  402, 

419,  424.  436,  456,  461,  523,  546, 
vote  for,  for  congressman.. 421, 

Berry,  F.  G 

Berry,  J.  S.. 197, 

Berry,  John ...226, 

Betge,  R.J 283, 

Bicknell,  Isaac 

Bidvvell,  John  ...29,  111,  112,  120, 
178,  194,  196,  207,  240,  241,  244, 
247,  253,  259,  260,  263,  322,  334, 
342,  349,  504,  534,  553,  556,  560, 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

declination  of  nomination  for 
governor 


455 
542 
401 

421 

443 

421 

293 

248 

358 

389 

513 

65 

50 

19 

526 

532 

124 

125 

127 

91 

176 

109 

29 

42 

50 

127 

109 

302 


413 

421 

38 
303 
590 

413 

421 
309 
281 
590 
426 
207 
9 

563 
552 
320 

552 
431 
532 
209 

283 
284 
386 


586 
212 

261 


668 


INDEX. 


Bidwell,  John — continued. 
declines  temperance    nomina- 
tion ._ _ 355 

vote  for,  for  governor 355,  570 

Bidwell  electors,  vote  for 594 

Biggs,  Marion. ._ 

"".-.302,  353,  359,  362,  389,  394, 
396,  410,  414,  456,  463,  472,  524,  546 
vote  for,  for  congressman _ .533,  553 

Biggs,  Marion,  Jr 414 

Bigler,  John  .11,  12,  24,  30,  41,  55, 

199,  209,  224,  239,  263,  267,  283,  284 

vote  for,  for  governor 15 

inauguration  of ...     15 

vote  for,  for  governor 28,    50 

vote  for,  for  congressman    201 

sketch  of 597 

Billings,  Frederick... 37,  114,  211,  240 

Bingham,  John  A ....  305 

Birdseye,  J.  C ..76,  185,  248,  281 

Bishop,  S.  W 199 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state  _  201 

Bishop,  T.  B ...._  431 

Biven,  Rasey 88 

Biven,  William ....189,  211 

Black,  Andrew _ 179 

Black,  H.  M 283 

Black,  Jos.  P.... ..353,  359 

Blackburn,  — ,  vote  for,  for  attor- 
ney-general   , 11 

Blackburn,  William 26 

Blackmer,  E.  T 396 

Blackwood,  W.  C 524,  526 

Elaine,  James  G 473,  513,  561,  563 

indorsement  of,  for  president.. 

358,425,  541,  542,  574 

delegates  pledged  for...  454 

congratulation  on  nomination.  469 

Blame  electors,  vote  for 472 

Blair,  A.  W 97,  99,  116 

union  resolutions  offered  bv...  145 

Blair,  Frank  P ..:,..  287 

Blair,  Montgomery 239 

Blake,  F 176 

Blake,  M.  C 443,  455 

Blanchard,  Geo.  G...356,  362,404, 
'409,  429,  454,  513,  550,  552,  561,  565 

vote  for,  for  congressman ±  571 

Blanding,  William... _.  422 

Bledsoe,  A.  J 591 

Blessing,  E.  G : 460,  547 

Blethen,  Clark 556 

Block,  Bernard 247 

Blodgett,  H.  A 560 

Blood,  J.  N 414 

Board     of     Equalization.      (See 
Equalization.) 

Bockius,  Charles  G .309,  319 

Boerman,  G.  C 65 

Boggs,  J.  C 281 

Boggs,  John 77, 

111,  198,  292,  303,  359,  389,  431,  566 

Boice,  Thomas 266 

Bolander,  H.  N 309 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction.. 312 

Bond,  E.  L. . 42 

Bond,  T.  B 419 


Bond,  Thomas  P.  ...   

Bond  purchase  bill,  indorsement 

of  amendment  to....  

Bonds,  National.    (See  Debt.) 

Bondurant,  J.  M 

Bones,  J.  W 

Bonnett,  Paul 

Bonte,  J.  H.  C 

Booker,  S.  A 31,  102,  107, 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

Boom,  Stanley  C 

vote  for,  for  surveyor  general .. 

Booth,  A.  G.  -..  

Booth,  Newton ... 

....217,  305,  309,  325,  426,  438, 

gubernatorial  candidacy 

card  to  the  public 

vote  for,  for  governor 

administration  indorsed. ..313, 

candidacy  for  the  senate 

sketch  of 

Boren,  A.  D 466,  472,  536, 

vote  for,  for  railroad  com  miss' r 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor  ... 

Boring,  R.  H 

Boring,  S.  W 

Boruck,  M.  D 102,178, 

249,  250,  340,  363,  409,  429,  430, 
Bossism  condemned. 528,  529,  548, 
Bost,  J.  W 173,  191,  266,  302, 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-gen.. 267, 
Botts,  Charles  T.. 41,' 105, 165,  173, 

vote  for,  for  attorney  general. . 

vote  for,  for  printer  .. . 

Boucher,  T.  C.    

Boulware,  M 

Bowden,  N 518,  542,  546, 

Bowers,  A.  B 

Bowers,  Stephen. ...588, 

Bowers,  T.  J 


vote  for,  for  congressman.. 571,  594 

Bowie,  George  W... ..34,  80, 

81,    124.    125,    127,    178,    179,  334 

vote  for,  for  congressman 38 

vote  for,  for  governor 84 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..  180 

Bowlin,  R.  H 59 

Bowman,  E.  P 50 

Bowman,  \V.  C ..-.  590 

Bovcotting,  resolution  favoring.  503 

Bovle,  H.  A .._ 386 

Boyne,  Wm 588 

Brace,  P.... 69 

Bradbury,  0.  H -207 

Bradford,  A.  C..... 

.  11,  24,  30,  70,  76,  77,  199,  264, 
284,  285,  353,  393,  396,  414,  419,  420 
vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court .  201 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 421 

Bradley,  E.  L *  305 

Bradley,  L.  R 104,  112, 198,  283 

Brady  ,\Tames, 569 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization..  570 

Brady,  T.  A. 199 


INDEX. 


669' 


Bragg,  H.  W... -- 295 

Bragg,  Isaac 24 

Bramall,  George 419,  426,  431 

vote  for.  for  lieutenant-gover- 
nor._ .- 421 

Branch,  L.  C 353,  431 

Brannan,  Samuel.ll,  12,  207,  210,  212 

Brarman,  Thomas 33 

Braunhart,  S 547,  575,  581 

Breckinridge,  John  C 71  73, 

74,  ilO,  116,  117,  119,  123,  126,  152 

address  in  Herald  favoring 113 

supporters  of - 113 

ratification  of,  in  San  Francisco  114 

election  returns  for 127 

Breckinridge,  J.  W 460 

Breckinridge  democratic  conven- 
tions   

1860,  119,  123;  1861.  165;  1862,  188 
Breckinridge  party,    dissolution 

of.. 197 

Breen,  J.  P 386 

Brenham,  C.  J ...26,  113,  267 

Brent,  H.  K.  W 409 

Brent,  J.  L 

22,  42,  55,  59,  123,  173,  180,  203 

Brewster,  J. 26 

Brewster,  John  A 44 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general ..    50 
Bribery,     more    stringent    laws 

wanted ' 397 

Bridges,  0.  L 100 

Brierly,  B 10 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 11 

Brierly,  J.  R 363 

Bright,— 11 

Briggs,  A ...340,  363 

Briegs,  Edward 334 

Briggs,  H.  W 362 

Briggs,  M.  C, 

~26,  2Q7,  250  293,  445,  446,  472,  553 

Briggs,  R.  M 81,  83,  178,  194 

Briggs,  W.  H..-. 536 

Brockway,  S.  W 

50,  178,  205,  220,  249,  278,  287 

Broderick,  David  C 6,  17, 

19,  24,  26,  29,  87,  96,  97,  107,  108 
denounced  by  Del  Norte  demo- 
crats  86 

course  approved 94 

on    expunging   of  resolutions 

against.- 101 

Bronson,  A.    (See  Brunson.) 

Brooks,  Max 409 

Brooks,  S.  H..50,  77,  104,172,  181,  203 

vote  for,  for  controller 109,    180 

Brooks,  S.  S. 19 

Broughton,  W.  W. 400 

Brown,  A.  C 176,179,  188 

Brown,  Beriah .....197,  199,  211 

vote  for,  for  printer 201 

Brown,  C.  L.  F 313 

Brown,  C.  Y 583 

Brown,  Charles 65 

Brown,  E.  P 50 

Brown,  H.  S ...196,  220,  250,  281 

Brown,  J.  C 65 


Brown,  J   L _ 81 

Brown,  John  Q 172,  173. 

Brown,  Lewis  H 565 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 
court 570 

Brown,  N.  P.... 81 

Brown,  S.  C.,  vote  for,  for  justice 

of  supreme  court. _.  570 

Brown,  S.  W 65,  99,  107 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 109 

Brown,  T.  M 303 

Brown,  W.  B.  C ..301 

321,  328,  353,  359,  365,  418,  422,  430 
vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state  311 

vote  for,  for  controller 364,  421 

Brown,  W.  G 26 

Brown,  W.  H 430,  445,  469,  472. 

Browne,  Carl 590 

Browne,  J.  Ross.. _ 1 

Brunson,  Anson.. 

314,  326,  443,  451,  517 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court.....' 335,  453 

Brush,  Jesse 24,     59 

Brusie,  L 14 

Bryan,  Chas.  H..24,  32,  41,  77,  90,  100 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court...  50 

Bryant,  A.  J. 115, 177 

220,  310,  319,  359,  415,  417,  422,  523 

proclamation  of 376 

workingmen's  resolutions  on..  378 

Bryant,  B _.     24 

Bryant,  E.  H _ 547 

Bryant,  J.  J ..9,  18 

Bryson,  John,  Sr 581 

Buchanan,  James 

18,  71,  76,  78,  80,  86,  95,  110 

indorsed  for  presidency . 58 

nomination  indorsed 73 

vote  for,  for  president _.     74 

policy  indorsed 78 

indorsement  of  administration 

89,105,  112 

administration  condemned, .98,  100 

support  pledged  to 106 

Buchanan.  R.  B. 18 

Buck,  L.  W._ .  583 

Buck,  S.  M 349,  396,  401 

Buckbee,  J.  R. .196,  222,  281 

Buckley,  Christopher 417 

Buckley,  W.  S 330 

Buckner,  Stanton. 19,    37 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 23 

Budd,  J.  H 384,  401,  414,  431 

Budd,  James  H 303,  438,  463 

vote  for,  for  congressman 453 

Budd,  Joseph  H..I..291,  314,  361,  364 

Buel,  D.  E 59,  111,  123,  173,  191 

Buffington,  J.  M 47,    65 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction _ 74 

Bugbey,  B.  N 281,  310 

Buhlert,  J _. 363 

Bulkhead  scheme,  resolution  op- 
posing  122,  171,  178 


670 


INDEX. 


,  Alpheus -281,  288 

Bunker,  W.  M 430 

Burbank,  C.  C. ---  116 

Burbank,    Caleb,   union    resolu- 
tions offered  by 137,  154 

Burch,  — 396 

Burcb,  JohnC 

....  .77,  104,  123,  172,  173,  209, 
263,  283,  291,  298,  359,  393,  413,  437 

vote  for,  for  congressman 108 

suggests  a  Pacific  republic 129 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court .... 421 

Burch,  S.  N.. - ...401,  420 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction. 421 

Burckhalter,  J 284 

Bureau  of  labor.    (See  Labor  Sta- 
tistics.) 

Burk,E 445 

Burke,  John  H 393,  395,  414 

Burlmgame,  Anson 498,  499,  500 

Burlingame,  H.  B ..  556 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization , 570 

Burlingame    treaty,    abrogation 
of  desired... 327,  334,  352,  429,  525 

history  of 498 

Burman,  Edgar  P.  ... 591 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Burnell,  R 205,  362,  363,  404 

Burnett,  J.  M ......  289 

Burnett,  Peter  H 49,  77,    90 

vote  for,  for  governor 5,      6 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court.. 84 

sketch  of 597 

Burney,  James 334 

Burns,  A.  B 468 

vote  for,  for  congressman 473 

Burns,  A,  M 460,  461 

Burns,  D.  M 390,  408 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state ..  421 

Burns,  G... 590 

Burnside,  W.  J 42 

Burt,  J.  M. 12,     13 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 15 

Burt,  S.  B. 445 

Burt,  S.  S.,  vote  for,  for  clerk  of 

supreme  court 11 

Burton,  E.  F ..81,    83 

Burwell,  L 547 

Busch,  A.  C 437 

Bush,  C.  C ...454,455,  552 

Bush,  David... 430 

Bushnell,  D.  E.___ 466,  472 

Butler,  A.  B 461,  581 

Butler,    B.    F.,    nomination  for 

president  indorsed 468 

Butler,  W.  O.. 18 

Butte,  W.  R. 44 

Butte  county  convention,  resolu- 
tions in  1865 215 

Butterfield,  C.  W 10 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 11 

Butterfield,  R _ ..468,  472 

Butterworth,  Samuel 316 


Button,  R.  W 575 

Byers,  J.  D 455,  469,  472,  473 

Byers,  John  C.. 280,  281 

Byington,  H.  W 

363,  409,  430,  455,  472,  542 

Bynum,  SarshalL. 30 

Byrne,  H.  H 19 

Byrne,  J.  K 176,179,  298 

CADWALADER,  Geo 126,  293 

Caine,  P.  P 99 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 109 

Caldwell,  J.  I 410,  414 

Caldwell,  John 100,  123 

California      volunteers,    resolu- 
tion on *_._..- 206 

Calvin,  M.  J.  C 313 

Cameron, — . 437 

Caminetti,  A.. ..422,  546,  552,  569,  582 

vote  for,  for  congressman.. 571,  594 

commended  as  congressman  ..  576 

passage  of  debris  bill  urged 

_...". 578,  592 

jute  bill  indorsed •. 580 

Camp,  Herman 65 

Camp,  J.  E. 590 

Campaign  speakers  in  1872.  ..320,  321 

Campbell,  Alex 

100,  126,  176,  393,  395,  410 

Campbell,  Alexander,  Jr. 

330,409,  413 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court?. 421 

Campbell,  Charles _  .      8 

Campbell,  F.  M 409,  444 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 421 

Campbell,  J.  B 353,  418,  421 

Campbell,  J.  C.  .518,  550,  561,  565,  592 

vote  for,  for  congressman 533 

Campbell,  Thos.... 185 

Campbell,  Thompson _.  207 

union  resolutions  offered  by...  201 

Camron,  W.  W. . 472 

Canfield,  W 318 

Cannon  Marion 584,  586,  588,  591 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Caperton,  W.  W Ill 

Capp,  C.  S 410 

Cappleman,  C 302 

Carey,  James  C _  .  349 

Carey,  John  T _.  524 

Caruthers,  J.  H 334 

Carothers,  Thos.  L.  .445,  552,  553,  561 

vote  for,  for  congressman 472 

Carpenter,  G.  J....  

320,  321,  326,  350,  362,  419,  420,  438 

vote  for,  for  congressman 364 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner  421,  453 

resolution  on  'as  railroad  com- 
missioner   457 

Carpenter,  R.  B 537,  550,  561,  591 

Carpentier,  H.  W 10,  42,  100 

Carr,  Byron  O 455 

Carr,  Ezra  S.... 340,  349,  355 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 
public  instruction 356 


INDEX. 


671 


Carr,  Jesse  D.  .. ... 

...13,  80,  88,  124,  126,  197,  422,  584 

Carr, .  M.  D 172,266,  302 

vote  for,  for  printer. 180 

Carr,  Thomas  H 437 

•Carr,  William  B 509 

Carrick,  J.  R 575 

Carrington,  J.  D 314 

Carroll,  N 44 

Carson,  Wm 592 

Cartter,  Geo.  H 6'8 

Casey,  E.  W 278 

Casey,  James  P 69 

Cass,  Lewis 18 

Cassell,  G.  H 422 

Casserly,  Eugene 

....19,  32,  41,88,  106,  114,  117, 
120,  178,  224,  226,  263,  267,  283, 
297,  316,  321,  323,  350,  353,  361,  389 

Cassidy,  Samuel 430 

Castle,  Geo.  H 547 

Castro,  Guillermo 97 

Castro,  Juan  B .302,  319,  353,  362 

Castro  Manuel  A. 68 

Caswell,  W.  A 532 

Gathers,  James.. 65 

Catlin,  A.  P.  68, 81,  83, 124, 125, 126, 

328,  329,  330,  334,  349,  409,  443,  473 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 421 

Caton,  F.  E 586 

Cator,  T.  V. 560,  590 

vote  for,  for  congressman 571 

Cator,  Mrs.  T.  V .._ 591 

Caucus,  decisions  in,  to  rule .    33 

Cavanaugh,  J.  P 402 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 421 

Cavis,  J.  M 313, -318,  320,  340 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor    ..  355 

Cazneau,  T.  N 55,  115, 

176,  197,  200,  209,  226,  267,  284,  292 

Center,  J 238,  239 

Central    mail    route,    resolution 

demanding 98 

Central  Pacific  R.  R.  Co.,  resolu- 
tion on  rights  and  duties  of..  337 
(See  also,  Railroads.) 

Chamberlain,  C.  H. 76 

Chamberlain,  W.  H. 61 

Chambers,  Judge 13 

Chambers,  Benj.  J 426 

Chadbourne,  F.  S... 591 

Chandler,  A.  L 469 

Chapin,  Dr.  S.  F 474 

Chapman  — _ 547 

Chapman,  J.  F. 532 

Chappel,  J.  N .  281 

Charles,  J.  M .  414 

Charleston    convention,    resolu- 
tion not  to  send  delegates  to.  110 
action  of  delegates  repudiated.  121 

Chase,  E.  M 556 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general..  570 

Chase,  Levi 1 418 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor 421 

-Chase,  S.  H 79,  179 

union  resoluti'ns  offered  by  147,  154 


Chase,  S.  P  .....  ______________  67,  561 

Chase,  Warren  ...  ........  ...394,  452 

vote  for,  for  congressman  ______  453 

Chauncy,  D.  M  ____  .....  .  ........      9 

Cheesnian,  D.  W.  ____    __________ 

..65,  76.  88,  93,  97,  98,  99,  109,  110 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-gover.nor...    84 

Chelhs.J.  F.  ........  109,176,  195,  319 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor  ..  .  180 
Chenery,  Richard.  44,  75,  240,  288,  292 
Cheney,  W.  A  .......  424,  430,  454,  469 

Cherry,  John  W  .....  ____________  424 

Chester,  Julius  ______  ...  .........  394 

Chetwood,  John  _____  __________  19,  21 

Cftilds,  William,   resolution   in- 

dorsing speech  by  Douglas..  151 
Chinese,  peddling  licenses  should 
not  be  granted  to  ...........  .  397 

entitled  to  protection  __________  293 

Chinese  immigration,   anti-Chi- 
nese conventions  ......  ..479,  480 

memorial  to  congress  .....  ____  481 

resolutions  adopted..  .......  479,  502 

resolution    favoring    immigra- 
tion .......  .  .....  . 


resolutions  on  preventing,  ta- 

bled .........  ..  .....  :._T 


293 

122 

question  in  politics  of  1867  ____  241 

resolutions  opposing  .  .   ______ 

23,  249,  265,  285,  290,  299,  300, 
307,  327,  334,  352,  357,  360,  361, 
363,  379,  385,  400,  405,  412,  416, 
423,  425,  428,  429,  432,  442,  454, 
459,  467,  471,  479,  502,  515,  520, 
525,  540,  544,  552,  562,  567,  574,  577 
Haves'  veto  of  bill  denounced.  423 
(See  also,  Immigration.) 
Chinese  Labor,   public    supplies 

promised  to  be  of  white  labor  523 
Chinese  Six  Companies,   appeal 
for  protection  in  Sail  Fran- 
cisco .....  ._  ................  .  371 

Chipman,  John  L  ..........  59 

Chipman,  N.  P  ______  537,  560,  564,  591 

Chronicle  (San  Francisco),  urges 

formation  of  new  partv         -  393 
Chubb,  O.  T  ______________  .'...386,  402 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 
equalization  _________________  421 

Church,  A.M....  .........  _______  479 

Church,  Geo.  E  ..................  477 

Churchill,  E.  B  ...........  _______  532 

Churchman,  James  ....... 

______  22,  32,  34,  42,  45.  61,  110,  116 

vote  for,  for  congressman  ______    38 

Chute,  Richard  __________  363,  430,  472 

Cincinnati  democratic  platform, 
indorsed  ____________  .....  ... 

.  72,  88,  100,  105,  110,  111,  120,  166 
Civil  fund,  claim  of  state  to  .....     14 

refunding  of  ...............  .20,    36 

Civil  rights  bill,  \eto  of  ____  .....  237 

Civil  service  reform,  resolutions 
favoring  .....  ____  ......    332, 

-     357,  359',  434,  442,  536,  555,  574,  580 
Civil  war,  abolition    of  slavery 
by,  condemned  _____  .......  _.  187 

resolution  condemning  ........  208 


672 


INDEX. 


Civil  war — continued. 

resolution    favoring    prosecu- 
tion of. 184 

resolution  of  gratitude  to  states- 
men and  soldiers 220,  230 

resolution  of  rejoicing  in  cessa- 
tion ofT ~ .224 

resolutions      of    Breckiiiridge 
democrats  concerning 189 

union  party  resolutions 194 

what  is  essential  for  closing  ...  187 

(See  also,  Reconstruction,  Union 

Resolutions.) 
Clark,  A.  G 419,  426 

vote  for,  for  governor 421 

Clark,  Anson 400 

Clark,  C.  A. 41 

Clark,  Chas.  T. 586 

Clark,  D.  C 569 

Clark,  F.  J. 413 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general ._  421 

Clark,  J.  E. ....375,  428,  430 

Clark,  J.  R 65,76,-  99 

vote  for,  for  controller 109 

Clark,  J.  S.— ..  586 

Clark,  John 452 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court _ 453 

Clark,  Joseph 547,  583 

Clark,  Jubai ...    532 

Clark,  L.  B 401 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 421 

Clark,  R.  C , 153 

Clark,  W.  0..420, 426, 431,  506, 531,  536 

vote  for,  for  treasurer  ___ 421 

vote  for,  for  congressman 533 

Clarke,  S.  J... 178,  205,   220,  294 

Clarkson,  H.  C 301 

Clayes,  0.  M 195 

vote  for,  for  printer 201 

Clayton,  Chas 249,  318,  363,  445 

vote  for,  for  congressman 321 

vote  for,  for  harbor  commis- 
sioner   267 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner  _ 453 

Clayton,  James  A ..410,  420,  542 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 421 

Clayton,  M.  F. 507 

Clayton,  P.  II 70 

Clay  ton- Bui  wer  treaty,   abroga- 
tion demanded ..  468 

Cleveland,  Grover 544,  579,  584 

administration  indorsed 

519,543,  576 

administration  arraigned 539 

indorsed  for  presidency  546, 582,  583 

vote  for...  ...472,552,  594 

Cloud,  J.  J 179 

Clough,  G.  G 552 

Clunie,  Thomas  J 

.._.  415,  419,  424,  460,  518,  546,  569 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

421,553,  571 

Clute,  M.  B 176 

Coast  defense,  improvement  of..  521 
Cobb,  H.  A 115,  200 


Cochran,  J.  M. 
Cochrane,  J.  D. 
Cockrill,  T.  G.. 


Coey,  James 

Coney,  James  V 394, 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court-. 

Coffroth,  James  W 17, 

18,  24,  32,  33,  42,  43,  68,  81,  102, 
111,  176,  178,  179,  197,  200,  208, 
209,  211,  224,  226,  263,  267,  284, 
286,  289,  292,  298,  303,  314,  316, 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

212,  268,  288, 

Coggins,  Paschal , 62, 

reconstruction  resolutions  by.. 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

Coghlan,  John  M... .281,  310,  318, 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

Cohn,  B. -._ _ 

Colby,  G.  W..26,  33,  44,  45,  70,  90, 

Coldwell,  G.  W 426, 

Coldwell,  T.  A __ 

Cole,  Cornelius 49,  61,  65, 

-  76,  94,  97,  99,  126,  195,  211,  214, 

237,  239,  240,  318,  393,  410,  413, 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

indorsed  as  congressman 

Cole,  D.  T ..565,  575, 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 
of  equalization... 

Cole,  N.  P 

Cole,  R.  Beverly 316,  319, 

Goleman,  G.  C ._ 

Coleman,  Cyrus . 

Goleman,  James  V .568, 

Coleman,  W.  T 

224,  226,  239,  283,  417, 

Coles,  J.  L 451, 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

Colfax,  Schuyler 

274,  275,  276,280,286, 

Colgan,  E.  P 

vote  for,  for  controller 

College  league,  republican,  wel- 
come to  _- 

Collier,  W.  B 

Collins,  George  D ..." 

Collins,  Henry 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

Collins,  James... 174, 

Colored  men.    (See  Negroes.) 

Colton,  D.  D. 123,  178,  179, 

refusal  to  unite  in  call  for  union 

convention 

Committee  of  safety,  organized 

in  San  Francisco 

Compromise  measures    by  con- 
gress, approval  of 14, 

Comstock,  E 

Condia,  J..._ 

Cone,  E.  B _. 

vote  for,  for  attorney -general.. 

Cone,  Joseph  S 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r 


199' 
316 
316 

280 


570^ 


319- 

311 

320- 
273- 
321 
320 
311 
321 
547 
92 
431 
291 


414 

74 
201 
207 
591 

570 
549 
328 
353 
314 
581 

509 
463 
453 

288 
565 
570 


532 
565 
586 
594 
195 

185 
183 
374 

21 

410 

364 

10 

11 

409 

421 


INDEX. 


673 


Confederate  soldiers,  scheme  to 

equip  in  California 204 

Confederate     states,     resolution 

urging  recognition  of,  155, 164,  166 
(See  alao,  Reconstruction,  Civil 
War,  Union  Resolutions.) 

Congar,  O.  H _ 473 

Conger,  C.  C.... 383 

Congress,  "back-pav-steal" 

. " 327,  332,  351 

power  to  pass  election  laws 405 

.    denouncement  of  the  "billion- 
dollar" ....  580 

(See  also,  Reconstruction,  An- 
drew Johnson.) 

Congressmen,  vote  for  in ._ 

1849, 5 ;  1851, 15 ;  1852,  23 ;  1854, 
38;  1856,  74;  1858,  95;  1859, 
108 ;  1861,  180 ;  1863,  201 ;  1864, 
212;  1867,268;  1868,288;  1871, 
311 ;  1872,  321 ;  1875,  356 ;  1876, 
364 ;  1879,  421 ;  1882,  453 ;  1886, 
533;  1888,553;  1890,  571 ;  1892,  594 

Conklin,  A.  R ... 

430,  443,  469,  472,  550,  561 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor 453 

Conklin,  W.  H.  __ 435 

Conkling,  Roscoe ...  561 

Conn,  W.  A 298,  303 

Connelly,  D.-W... ..77,  111,  123 

Conner,  P.  E 123,176,  280 

Conness,  John 

23,  70,  73,  90,  101,  102, 

120,  123,  178,  179,  214,  235,  240,  244 

resolution  in  assembly  by 150 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor 108 

vote  for,  for  governor 180 

indorsement  of,  as  U.  S.  sena- 
tor   207,  210 

support  of  Gorham 242 

opposition  of  "long  hairs" 243 

extract  from  Union 243 

Connolly,  P. 435 

Conroy,  M.  C .314,  334,  430 

Conscription  law  indorsed 202 

Constitution,  1849,  vote  on 4 

changes  in,  deprecated 25 

resolution  on  adoption  by  pop- 
ular vote  .-_ 73 

Constitution,  1879,  vote  on  adop- 
tion of.... 393 

amendment  providing  for  state 

text-books  approved 459,  470 

Constitution,   federal,  true  con- 
struction of 189 

fourteenth  amendment  to,  in- 

.dorsed 239 

fifteenth    amendment    to,  op- 
posed  -_.  290 

amendments  accepted  as  settle- 
ment  298 

amendments,  enforcement  of._  336 
(See  also,  New  Constitution.) 
Constitutional  convention,  rela- 
tive to  calling  of _.-    -76 

calling  of,  favored 124,  351 

vote  on  question  of 84 

vote  for,  in  1849  __.;,_ 109 

43 


Constitutional  convent'n,  1878-9, 
fusion  of  parties  to  elect  del- 
egates  381-383 

nominations 389 

list  of  delegates. ._ 390 

session  of... 393 

Contracts  for  labor,  resolution  on 

making  foreign,  valid 23 

Controller,  vote  for 

1851,15;  1853,  29;  1855, 

50;  1857,  84;  1858,  95;  1859, 

109;  1861,180;  1863,201;  1867, 

267 ;  1871,  311 ;  1875,  355 ;  1879, 

-    421;  1882,453;  1886,  5H2;  1890, -570 

Convention,   federal,   calling  of, 

urged ....135,  149,  150 

(See  also,  Union  Resolutions.) 
Conventions,  American  ("know- 
nothing") 

1855,  42,  50;  1856,  62,  67 ;  1857,    81 
American  party _ 

....1886,  527; "1888,  547;  1890,  556 

anti-Chinese ..479,  480 

anti-monopoly .1884,  466 

democratic 

_._.1849,  1;  1851,  11;  1852,  17, 
21;  1853,  24;  1854,  29;  185o,  39; 

1856,  54,  70;  1857,  76;  1858,  88, 
90;    1859    (anti-Lecompton), 
99,    (Lecompton),   103;     1860 
(anti-Lecompton),  110,    (Le- 
compton), 111,  (Douglas),  119, 
(Breckinridge),  123;  1861,165, 
(union),176;  1862  (union),  185, 
(Breckinridge),     188;      1863, 
197;  1864,  208,  211;   1865,  224; 
1867,  263;  1869,  289;  1871,  297; 
1872,  314;  1873,  326;  1875,  350; 
1876,  358,  361 ;  1879,  415 ;  1880, 
422;  1882,431';  1884, 455 ;  1886, 
518;  1888,542;  1890,565;  1892,  575 

farmers'  conference,  1886... 524,  525 

free  soil  democrats,  1852 23 

grangers',  1882,  452;   1886,  524,  525 

greenback  labor  party 

1880,"  426;  1882451 

independent,  1875...   341 

irrigation:  Riverside...  473 

Fresno 477 

San  Francisco. 507 

national  union,  1866 238 

new  constitution 411 

people's  independent 329,  341 

people's  party..  1891,  586;  1892,  588 

prohibition 1855,  4,  5,  47; 

1875,  354;  1879,  419;  1880,  426; 
1882,  446,  447;  1884,  463;  1886, 
504;  1888,  533;  1890,  553;  1892,  584 

republican 1856, 

59,  64;  1857,  74;  1858,  93;  1859, 
97;  1860,  109,  116;  1861,  173; 
1867,  259;  1868,  286;  1869,  292; 
1871,  305;  1872,  312;  1873,  325; 
1875,  335;  1876,  356,  362;  1879, 
404 ;  1880,  424,  428 ;  1882,  438 ; 
1884,  454,  469 ;  1886,  513 ;  1888, 
537,  550;  1890,  561;  1892,  571,  591 
settlers' and  miners', 44,  83 


674 


INDEX. 


Conventions — continued. 
temperance.    (See  Prohibition.) 

union  party 1860,  124; 

1862,  184;'  1863,  194;  1864,  205, 
209;  1865,  220;  1867,  246;  1868,  278 

united  labor 1886,  526 

whig 1851, 

12;  1852,  15,  19;  1853,  26;  1854,  34 

workingmen's ... 

1878,  377,  383;  1879,  396;  1880,  424 

Cook,  Carroll 472 

Cook,  Elisha ...  115 

Cook,  Geo.  B 592 

Cook,  J.  C 68 

Cook,  Jesse... 461 

Cooke,  M.  E 42,    55 

Coolies.    (See  Chinese.) 

Coombs,  Nathan .207,  281 

Coombs,  Thos.  H 70 

Coombs,  W.  S .' 259 

Coombs,  Win.  H 437 

Cooney,  M 571 

Cooper,  — . 550 

Cooper,  S 210 

Cooper,  Stephen 431 

Cooper,  Wiiliam  s-- 65 

Co-operation,  resolution  favoring  515 
Cope,  W.W 104,239,  264 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court . 108 

Copperheads,  union  resolution  on  195 

Cora,  Chas 69 

Corbett,  E.  W... 319 

Corcoran,  H.  J.... .516,  566 

Corcoran,  J.  M 523 

Corcoran,  William _.  419 

Cornwall,  N.C 481 

Cornwall,  P.  B..115,  409,  430,  445,  469 

Cornwell,  George  N 360 

Coronel,  Antonio  F 

123,  127,  266,  302,  350 

vote  for,  for  treasurer .267,  311 

Corporations,  state  regulation  of 
....351,360,434,  439 

(See  also.  Gas,  Railroads,  etc.) 

Cosby,  J.  D 68 

Cosner,  Robt 547 

Couch,  H.  M 468,  472 

Couch,  Jas.  A 283 

Coulter,  Geo 88 

Councilman,  E.  W ...  

union  resolutions  offered  by  ..  152 
County  officers,  passage  of  act  for 

election  of 6 

Gouts,  C.  J 77 

Covarrubias,  J.  M 18,  24,  55,     70 

Covarrubias,  N.  A. 584 

Covillaud,  C.  J 536 

Cowdery,  J.  F 321,334,  349 

Cowell,  Henry 430 

Cox,  Dr.  H 362 

Cox,  Thomas 65,    66 

Crabbe,  H.  A 17,19',    37 

Craddock,  Jesse  H... 266 

Crafts,  Geo.  H 591 

Craig,  C.  W 424,430,  518 

Crandall,  J.R.. ~ 49,    81 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 84 


Crane,  A.  M 99,  175,  176,  195 

Crane,  G.  T 283 

Crane,  G.  W .37,  211 

Crane,  J.  M 34 

Crane,  L.  T 469 

Crane,  Lauren  E.  ...305,  325,  349,  413 

vote  for,  for  controller. ... 355 

vote  for,  for  secretaiy  of  state..  421 

Crane,  W.  H 409 

Crane,  W.  W.,  Jr.... 210,  212,  310,  375 

Crank,  J.  F 445,  472 

Crary,  0.  B 207 

Cravens,  R.  0...199,  292,  316,  435,  460 

vote  for,  for  controller 201 

Crawford,  J.  N 586 

Crawford  County  plan,  primaries 

on 292 

Creaner,  Chas.  M 112,  200,  208 

Creighton,  James 42 

Crenshaw,  J.  T 30,70,  203 

Cridge,  A.. 364 

Crigler,  J.  C ....197,  302,  386,  401 

Crist,  R.  F 575 

Crittenden,  A.  P 

10,  22,  165,  172,  173,  188 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..    11 

Crittenden,  John  J 148, 

151,   152,   153,     156,   159,   169,  170 
Crittenden-Montgomen"  bill  in- 
dorsed  ! 92 

Crittenden's  plan  restoring  Mis- 
souri   compromise    indorsed 

148,  151,  152,  153,  154,  159 

Crocker,  Charles 99,  370,  377 

union    resolutions    introduced 

by 137 

relief  of  laboring  men  in  S.  F._  377 

Crocker,  Charles  F 455,  542 

Crocker,  E.  B ...47,  49, 

59,  61,  64,  65,  75,  76,  93,  94,  9y,  174 

Crocker,  H.  S... 176 

Crockett,  J.  B 

124,  127,  208,  267,  291,  326,  328,  &35 

vote  for,  for  congressman 212 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court '. 295 

Cronin,  Daniel 1 

Cronise,  W.  H 328 

Crooks,  Edwin  W .455 

Cross,  C.  W ...401,  413,  420,  424 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general ..  421 
Crossette,  G.  H.  ..42,  73,  389,  415,  480 

vote  for,  for  printer 50 

Crossette,  W,  C.... 294 

Crouch,  T.  C 26 

Crowe,  S.  E 481 

Crowhurst,  Wm 451,  466 

vote  for,  for  congressman 473 

vote  for,  for  supreme  court  clerk  453 

Crozier,  R.  G... _ 10 

Crutcher,  W.  M 414,  420,  438 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 453 

Cuba,  resolution  favoring  acqui- 
sition of. 120 

Culledge,  C 22 

Culver,  O.  B 532 

Culver,  Wm.  H 68,  207,  238,  239 


INDEX, 


675 


Cummings,  H.,76,  99, 174, 176,  409,  451 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis-  453 

sioner_._ 453 

Cunningham,  Lewis..  65,  99,  173,  325 

Cunningham,  N.  C. 44 

Currency,  issuance  of  additional. 

585,  589 

opposition  to  paper  money 199 

Currv,  John 

26,  34,  43,  92,  94,  102,  107,  196,  249 

vote  for,  for  governor 108 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 95,  201,  268 

Curry,  N 468,  472 

Curtin,  A.  G. 280 

Curtis,  Edward 547 

Curtis,  J.  C 44 

Curtis,  J.  S ...198,  209,  226 

Curtis,  N.  Greene 321,  518 

resolution  by,  on  cause  of  sec- 
tional difficulties 150 

Curtis,  Tyler 316,  319 

Curtis,  W.  F 65 

Curtis,  W.  J —  569 

\ote  for,  for  congressman 571 

Cuthbertson,  W.  J 452 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general..  453 
Cutter,  Jas.  H '.. 266 

vote  for,  for  •  harbor  commis- 
sioner  267 

Cutter,  W.  M 417,  418 

Cutting,  John  T. 542,  565 

vote  for,  for  congressman 571 

Cuvillier,  B.  C 547 

DAGGETT,  A.  A.,  531,  547,  549,  550,  556 
vote  for,  for  attorn ey-general..  532 

vote  for,  for  congressman 553 

Daggett,  John..  124,  173,  191,  200, 

226,  267,  314,  315,  316,  319,  436,  565 
vote    for,    for    lieutenant-gov- 
ernor..  453 

resolution  of  Stockton  conven- 
tion  457 

Daiiigerfield,  W.  P 289 

Daly,  R.  H ..68,  125 

Dam,  H.  J.... 414 

Damon,  W.  C. 506 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner. 533 

Dana,  C.  W 445,  452 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization 453 

Dana,  Chas.  A 185 

Danforth,  E.  P 542 

Dann,  P.  P 245,  246,  334,  428,  430 

Dannals,  C.  W 390 

Dare,  John  T .419,  445,  550,  575 

Dargie,  W.  E 469 

Davies,  Wm.  A 444 

vote  for.  for  controller 453 

Davis,  E.  A 363,  426,  454,  481,  513 

Davis,  E.  W 592 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Davis,  Horace 408,  410,  430, 

431,  438,  445,  455,  469,  472,  481,  502 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

364,421,  431 


Davis,  Isaac. 16,17,    42 

Davis,  Isaac  E 260 

Davis,  J.  C 91,  179 

Davis,  Jefferson 232 

resolutions  relative  to  punish- 
ment of 232 

Davis,  Jerome  C 281 

Davis,  John  F 571,  592 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Davis,  P.  E 480 

Davis,  Preston  R ._ 569 

Dawes,  John  G 588 

Dawley,  I.  N 41,  59,  92,  179 

vote'for,  for  controller... 95 

Day,  J.G 366,  372 

Day,  J.  M 81,  280 

Day,  Sherman 26,  29,  70,  103,  309 

vote  for,  for  supt.  of  pub.  in- 
struction  29 

Day's  work.    (See  Labor.) 

Dayton,  William  L 65,    74 

Deal,  M.  S 313,  317 

Dean,  Peter 349 

Debt,  National,  resolution  on 
payment  of  279.  360,  427,  467,  525 

payment  in  gold  favored 357 

Debt,  State,  acknowledgment  of,    78 

payment  recommended 82 

vote  on  payment  of ..'    84 

Deering,  A.  ..88,  90,  120,  176,  179,  294 

Deering,  R.  H 22 

Deeth,  Jacob 194,  207,  281 

De  Haven,  J.  J 445,  552,  560,  564 

vote  for,  for  congressman.. 453,  553 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 570 

De  Haven,  W.  N 317 

De  Jarnett,  W.  H... _ 419 

De  la  Guerra,  Pablo  ..  55,  70,  122,  127 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor 5 

De  la  Montanya,  James 185 

Delano,  A 334 

De  la  Torre,  P 70 

Delegates,  election  by  primaries 

favored . ". 522 

selection  by  county  committees 

condemned.. _ 459 

De  Long,  A.  A 116,  185 

De  Long,  C.  E _ 

103,  123,  153,  177,  178,  179 

union  resolution  introduced  by  130 

Delmas,  D.  M 456 

Del  Norte  county,  democratic  re- 

solutionsin .    86 

DelValle,  R.  F 

....422,  430,  463,  518,  542,  569,  575 

vote  for,  for  congressman 473 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor 570 

Democratic  conventions,  1849,  1; 
1851,  11;  1852,  17,  21 ;  1853,  24; 
1854,  29;  1855,  39;  1856,  54,  70; 
1857,  76;  1858,88,  90;  1859 (aii- 
ti-Lecompton)  99;  (Lecornp- 
ton)  103;  1860  (anti-Lecomp- 
ton)  110,  (Lecomptqn)  111, 
(Douglas)  119,  (Breckinridge) 
123;  1861,  165,  (Union)  176; 
1862,  (Union)  185,  (Breck- 


676 


INDEX. 


Democratic  conventions— continued. 
inridge)      188;      1863,      197; 
1864,     208,     211;     1865,     224; 

1867,  263;  1869,  289;  1871,  297; 
1872,  314;  1873,  326;  1875,  350; 
1876,358,361;  1879,415;  1880, 
422 ;  1882,  431 ;  1884,  455 ;  1886, 
518;  1888,  542;  1890,  565;  1892,  575 

Democratic  party,  organization 

in  California 2 

meeting  in  San  Jose  for  organi- 
zation  6 

division  in,  in  1852, ._     16 

in  1854, 29 

Elan  for  compromise ...    37 
armony  restored 39 

Broderick  and  anti-Broderick 
factions ..     73 

responsibility  for  financial  dif- 
ficulties  .-     82 

division  on  Kansas  question..    85 

anti-Lecompton  movement,  96,    97 

attempt  at  harmonizing  of,  in 
1860 110 

division  on  Douglas  and  Breck- 
inridge  . 113,  117 

alliance  of  Douglas  and  Breck- 
inridge  wings.. 156,  159 

Liiidlev's   call    for   committee 
meeting  in  1861 160 

meeting  of  Breckinridge  com- 
mittee   161,  162 

meeting  of  the  Douglas  com- 
mittee  162 

efforts  at    fusion  of   Breckin- 
ridge and  union  wings 183 

origin  of 188 

sympathy  for  the  confederate 
cause 203 

coalition  with  "short  hairs"  ._  223 

delegates  to  national  conven- 
tion, 1866 239 

division  of  in  1871 297 

indorsement  of  Greeley... 317 

coalition  with  liberal  republi- 
cans in  1872. _ 319 

opposition  to  liberal  movement 
in  1872 320 

reasons  urged  for  not  entrust- 
ing government  to 357 

proposed  fusion  with  new  con- 
stitution party _ 420 

(See    also,    Union  -  Democratic 
Party.) 

Democratic  platforms 

1S49,  2 ;  1852,  22 ;  1853,  24 ;  1854, 
31,  33;  1855,  40;  1856,  56,  72; 
1857,  77;  1858,.88,91;  1859,  100, 
105;  1860,  110,  111,  120;  1861, 
165,  172,  177;  1862,  186,  188; 
1863,  198 ;  1864,  208 ;  1867,  264 ; 

1868,  284;  1869,  289;  1871,  298; 
1872,  315;  1873,  326;  1875,  350; 
1876,  359,  361 ;  1879,  415 ;  1880, 
423 ;  1882,  431 ;  1884,  456 ;  1886, 
519;  1888,  543;  1890,  566;  1892,  576 

"Democratic  Press,"  destruction 
of..  213 


Democratic  state  central  com- 
mittee, members  of. 

26,  31,  33,  79,  90  (Lecomp- 
ton),  92  (Douglas),  103  (anti- 
Lerompton),  106  (Lecomp- 
ton),  124  (Breckinridge),  173, 
191,  200,  226,  303,  316,  328,  417,  435 

resolution  adopted  by 282 

resolution  on  selection  of  dele- 
gates to  constitutional  con- 
vention  382 

Democratic  vote.  (See  Election 
Returns,  Presidential  Elec- 
tions.) 

Denio,  C.  B ...310,  341 

vote  for,  for  congressman. 356 

Denison,EHS 455,472,  542,  575 

Denman,  James 100,  114 

Denny,  J. 'E 518,  531 

vote  for,  for  controller. 532 

Denson,  S.  C.    443,  454 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court '. 453 

Dent,  G.  W ...73,     77 

Dent,  Lewis, 5 

vote  for,  for  congressman 5,      6 

Denver,  A.  St.C 123,  199 

Denver,  Frank 179 

Denver,  James  W 18, 

22,  30,  37,  70,  96,  104,  115,  120,  156 

letter  defining  position... 115 

vote  for,  for  congressman 38 

Desert  land  bill,  condemned 398 

Devlin,  Robert  T 473,  480 

Devoe,  James  B 13,     77 

Dewey,  A.  T 468,  472,  526 

Dewey,  John ..  536 

DeWftt,  R,0 ..289,  302 

vote  for,  for  controller 311 

Dexter,  F.  S 116 

De  Young,  Charles,   shooting  of 

Kallock,.... 420 

killed  by  I.  M.  Kallock 421 

De  Young,  M.  H 542,  574 

Dibble,  A".  B 

44,  67,  123,  176,  200,  283, 

284,  2&S,  328,  359,  415,  417,  418,  431 

vote  for,  for  congressman 74 

Dibble,  Henrv  C 561 

Dick,  John.."... 59,  61,  65,  293 

Dickey,  Ellison _ 10 

Dickinson,  Daniel  S. 110 

indorsed  for  presidency 112 

Dickinson,  JohnH 429,  513 

Dickinson,  W.  L-. 532 

Dickson,  J.  W.  B 314 

Digna,  Osman  ._ 496 

Dillon,  H.  C 586 

Dimmick,  K.  H 7 

vote  for,  for  congressman 6 

Dimond,  William  H 

517,  537,  542,  550,  561,  591 

Dinsmore,  E.  F 480 

Dithmar,  A.  C. 518 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

equalization 533 

Division  of  the  state,  resolution 
against 568 


INDEX. 


677 


Dix,  General 
Dixon,  Wm.  L 


vote  for.  for  surveyor-general.. 

Doak,  J.  K 349,  426,  430, 

Doak,  J.  N 

Dobbins,  Dr._. 

Dodge,  W.  W —310,  334,  341 

Doherty,  John 

Doll,  J.  G... 

Dollison,  J.  K. 

"Dolly  Varden"  party 

Donahoe,  M.  J.. -- 

Donalme,  Peter 

....Ill,  179,  314,  319,  321,  353, 

Donahue,  W.  M 

Donelson,  Andrew  J...63,  69,  70, 

Donnelly,  E.  F ... 

Doolan,  R.  P. 

Dooling,  M.  T 546,  575,  581, 

Doolittle,  — .. 

Dore,  Benjamin 

Dore,  John  S 586,  589,  590, 

Dorn,  D.  S 

Dorney,  P.  6 

Dorrance,  H.  T 335,  363,  389, 

Dorsey,  Caleb,.. .68,  328,  353,  394, 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court.. 

Dosh,  S.H 42,  59, 

Dougherty,  J.,  union  resolutions 

offered   by.  

Dougherty,  O.  R.  ...556,  560,  584, 
A'ote  for,  for  congressman. .571, 

Douglas,  Stephen  A, 

..16, 18,  86,  87,  90,  95,  110,  116, 

117,  118,  119,  126,  134,  144,  151, 

resolution  adverse  to,  tabled .. 

support  given  to 

condemnation  of i 

address  in  Herald  favoring 

nomination  indorsed .1 

election  returns  for 

resolution  on  death  of .175, 

Douglas  and  Breckmridge,  divis- 
ion in  party  on 

Douglas  Democratic  conventions 

:   90, 

Douglas  democrats.     (See  Demo- 
cratic Party.) 

Douglas  electors,  vote  for... 

Douglass,  David  F ... 

6,12,19,26,37,45,  80, 

Downes,  J.  S 

Downey,  J.  G 30,  88, 

104,  113, 114, 126,  178,  199,  209, 
211,  212,  289,  292,  298,  314,  315, 
316,  326,  350,  361,  394,  395,  401, 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor 

administration  indorsed. 

letter  to  union  mass  meeting-- 
address in  1863..- 

vote  for,  for  governor... 

sketch  of 

Downey,  Joseph  T .-. 

Doyle,  John  T 211,  212, 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner   

Dred-Scott  decision  .. 


239 
560 
570 
454 

90 
460 
363 
179 

90 
422 
324 
549 

359 

437 
74 
592 
583 
584 
239 
281 
591 
575 
386 
429 
413 

421 
123 

141 

586 
594 


152 
113 
113 
114 
114 
120 
127 
177 

117 
119 


127 

172 

281 


410 
10s 
122 
164 
200 
201 
599 
1 
452 

453 

75 


Dred-Scott  decis'n  approved. Ill,  114 

resolution  on 101 

Dresser,  P.  E 188 

Drew,  J.  C 590 

Drew,  M.  M 410 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization 421 

Driebelbiss,  John  A 112 

Dryden,  D.  A 386 

Dudley,  A.  K 334 

Dudley,  Allen  P 

.42,  104,  123,  124,  126,  127 

Dudley,  John  C 172 

Dudley,  John  S 112,  123 

Dudley,  W.  L 

.  .:55,  70,  92,  194,  205,  209,  220,  247 

vote  for,  for  congressman 95 

Duelists,    opposition    to    candi- 
dacy of 49 

Duffy,  Jas.  A.... ...313,  314,  340 

Duniont,   Joseph 283 

Duncan 378 

Duncan,  Alex 549,  553 

Duncan,  J.  C 123 

Duncombe,  Dr.  C.._ 184 

Dundon,  P.  F 583 

Dunker,  C 552 

Dunlap,  Presley 199,  301 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general.-  201 

Dunn,  Alexander-1 437 

Dunn,  Chauncev  H 

536/553,  556,  560,  584,  586 

vote  for,  for  attorney  general ._  570 

vote  for,  for  congressman.! 594 

Dunn,  John  P. ..377,  383,  394,  396, 

437,  452.  453,  524,  526,  532,  569,  570 

vote  for,  for  controller,  453,  532,  570 

Dunne,  E.  F 195 

Dunne,  P.  F ....542,  546 

Dunphy,  William..... .360,  460 

Durfy,  P.  T....... 584 

Durliam,  James 532 

Durst,  D.  P..     55,104,  176 

Dusterberry,  Henry 569 

vote  for, 'for  member  board  of 

equalization 570 

Button,  S.  F 464 

Dutton,  Warren 410,  445 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization  _ 421 

Dwindle,  J.  W 220,  330,  409 

Dwindle,  Samuel  H 326 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 335 

Dyer,  A.  J. 248 

Dyer,  E.  H _ 358 

Dyer,  J.  P 248,  278 

EADS  Ship  railwav  favored 526 

Eager,  Thos *. 92,  235 

Eagon,  John  A 

172,  390,  409,  424,  430,  472,  537,  552 

vote  for,  for  congressman 553 

Eakin,  W.  A . 298 

Easton,  A.  S .-44,  309,  349 

Eastman,  Frank 176,  314 

Eastman,  J.  G 286,  309,  317,  320 

Easton,  Wm.  G 112 


678 


INDEX. 


Eaton,  F.  W 556 

Eaton,  J.  M _. 461 

Eddy,  William  M 9,  12,    19 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general..    15 
Eden  Grange,  convention  called 

by 524,  525 

Edgerton,  Calvin  ...362,  394,  395,  429 

Edgerton,  Henry 

....  178,  305,  313,  320,  324,  342, 
389,  430,  431,  443,  469,  472,  473,  513 
union    resolutions   introduced 

by 131 

reported  by  committee 144 

vote  for,  for  congressman.. 180,  453 

Edholm,  M.  D 586 

Education,  should  be  compulsory 

...385,397,  535 

practical  education  of  children 

...529,  548,  557 

(See  also,  Schools.) 

Edwards,  E.  J 437 

Edwards,  Frank  G 419 

Edwards,  J.  8 5&6 

Edwards,  P.  L 

....     ...  19,  123,  172,  173,  197,  199 

vote  for,  for  congressman 23 

Edwards,  U 77 

Effey,  Robert.... .469,  513 

Eichelroth,  W.  E 460 

Ei till t- hour  day.  (See  Labor.) 

Election  returns' 1849, 

5;  1850,  11;  1851,  15;  1852.  23; 
1853, 29 ;  1854, 38 ;  1855,  50 ;  1856, 
74;  1857,  84;  1858,  95;  1859, 
108 ;  1860,  127 ;  1861,  180 ;  1862, 
192 ;  1863,  201 ;  1864,  212,  1865, 
226;  1867,  267;  1868,  288;  1871, 
311 ;  1872,  321 ;  1873,  335 ;  1875, 
355 ;  1876,  364 ;  1879,  421 ;  1880, 
430 ;  1882,  453 ;  1884,  472 ;  1886, 
532;  1888,  552;  1890,  570;  1892,  594 
Elections,  act  providing  for  gen-  . 

eral  — 10 

change  in  time  of  state 15 

military    interference    is    con- 
demned.  300 

federal  interference  condemned  415 
free  ballot  and  fair  count  de- 
manded  _. 540 

free  bailot  and  fair  count 562 

Lodge  bill  denounced 566 

(See    also,    Australian    Ballot; 

Primary  Elections.) 
Elective  franchise.      (See  Negro 
S u ft r ag e ;    S u ff r age ;   Wo m an 
Suffrage.) 

Eliason,  W.  A 26 

Eligibility  to  office,  restriction  of, 

to  natives 43 

Elliott,  G.  T. 

....  330,  402,  428,  430,  452,  466,  553 

vote  for,  for  congressman 421 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  453 

Elliott,  L.  W ..536,  553,  584 

Ellis,  A.  J. 16 

Ellis,  Mrs.  A.  P. 464 

Ellis,  Asa,  resolutions  relative  to 
toe  impeachment  of  Johnson  272 


Ellis,  E.  F.  W ...  .     19 

Ellis,  Moses 240 

Ellis,  R 249 

Ellison,  J.  F. 542,  561 

Ely,  Alex 44 

Kly,  B.  E.  S 106,  111 

Emancipation  proclamation,  res- 
olutions indorsing 

192,  193,  194,  202 

condemnation  of 199 

Emery,  A.  S. 575 

Eminent  domain,  appropriation 

under,  demanded 468 

Endicott,  George 10 

Endicott,  W.  H. ...24,    59 

Engelberg,  L.  B 302 

English,  James  L '... 

" 43,  81,  197,199,  200,  361 

vote  for,  fur  treasurer 84 

English,  W.  D 

422,  431,  436,  460,  518,  542,  546,  568 

English,  Warren  B 417,  460,  583 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

English  compromise  bill  accept' d    89 

condemned 91,    93 

English  language,   exclusion  of 

"all  others  in  schools 549 

voters  should  be  proficient  in..  559 

Eno,  Henry ._-.     26 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor 28 

Enos,  John  S 424 

Enyard,  D.  A ...     32 

Equalizati  n,  State  Board  of,  or- 
ganization of,  favored 294 

vote  for  members ..  .1879, 

421 ;  1882,  453 :  1886,  533,  1890,  570 

Escandon,  A.  G 353,  418 

vote  for,  for  treasu-er 421 

Esquar,  Y. 5 

Estee,  M.  M 

205,  310,  321,  334,  349,  363,  364, 
389,  443,  454,  469,  504,  536,  542,  574 

vote  for,  for  governor 453 

Estell,  James  M 11,    30 

Estudillo,  J.  G. 353,  418 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 355 

Estudillo,  J.  M ..  353 

Evans,  Geo.  S 70,  120,  122, 

178,  194,  195,  205,  207,  261,  358,  408 
vote -for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 180 

Evans,  O.  P 437 

Evelett,  S.  C... 50 

Everett,  Edward 124 

nomination  indorsed 125 

Ewer,  Seneca ...248,250,342 

Ewer,  W.  B 99 

Ewing,  James  T 42 

Ewing  L 536 

Extra  session  of  legislature,  1884, 

calling  of,  approved 456 

1886,  calling  of,  denounced 516 

Eyre,  E.  E 164 

FAIR,  W.  D _ 12 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general ..     15 

Fairbanks,  H.  D 444 

Fairbanks,  H.  T 426 


INDEX. 


679 


Fairbanks,  J.  A 463,  504,  506,  507 

vote  for,  for  controller 532 

Fairchild,  D 123,172,  188 

Fairfax,  Chas.  S 

31,  39,  42,  70,  104,  165,  172,  283 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court.. ...74,  109,  180 

Fall,  John  C 12,  19,  37,    61 

Fallen,  M .-4,  176 

Fallen,   Thomas 97,  99,  314,  363 

Fargo,  F.  F. 76,  176,  179,  195 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 180 

Farish,  Thomas  E 325 

Farley,  James  T ..64,  68, 

80,  165,  1H9,  170,  188,  200,  286, 
298,  «14,  316,  321,  326,  328,  350,  359 
Farmers'      Alliance,    invitation 

from  prohibition  party 555 

Farmers'  Convention 524,  525 

resolutions  adopted 525 

Farmers'  Union,  organization  of 

in  1872 ._ ,.  322 

resolutions  adopted .._  323 

Farnsworth,   A .     26 

Farquhar,  R.  H __.184,  250,  263 

Farren,  W.  D .-    59 

Farwell,Seth  B 22 

Fay,  Caleb  T 

" 195,  241,  244,  258,  259,  2b3,  267 

Federal  officers,   interference  in 

elections  condemned 92 

Federal  relations.  (See  Union  re- 
solutions; Reconstruction.) 

Feely,  D.  C 588 

Fees',     payment    into    treasury 

pledged 347 

accounting  for 380,  396 

reduction  of,  pledged 83 

Felchr  Alpheus 41 

Felkner,  0.  O 556 

vote  for,  for  congressman 571 

Fellows,  Hart-..."-. 173 

Felton,  Chas.  N 

-...314.  363,  472,  479,  518,  532,  574 
vote  for,  for  congressman..473,  533 
course    as   congressman   com- 
mended   537 

Felton,  John  B 214 

.  287,  288,  318,  320,  321,  326,  362,  364 

Fennell,    M 319 

Fenton,  R.  E 280 

Ferguson,  J.  W 461 

Ferguson,  R.  D._ 44 

Ferguson,  W.  T.. - 80 

Ferguson,   Wm.   I 90 

Ferfal,  Robert 284,  302, 

354,  401,  419,  424,  437,  546,  553,  569 
vote  for,  for  congressman. .553,  571 

Ferris,  B.  F..._ 248 

Fessenheld,   David. ._ 390 

Field,  Stephen  J... 77,  422 

presidential  aspirations  repu- 
diated  460 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court .' 84 

Fifteenth   amendment,    opposi- 
tion to...  ..  290 


Filcher,  J.  A 

396,  414,  422,  523,  526,  547,  582,  594 
vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner  .  533 

Filkins,  C.  E 126,305,  313 

Fillmore,  Frederick 389 

Fillmore,   Millard 70 

nomination  indorsed 63 

indorsement  of _.     69 

vote  for,  for  president 74 

Findley,    Thomas... 77,  83, 

104,  172,  179,  180, 197,  199,  211, 
224,  226,  264,  283,  295,  303,  352,  353 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 

...84,  109,180,  201 

Fines,  abolition  of  punishment 

by  .-._ 385 

Finney,  S.  J 320 

First  political  convention ... 1 

Fischer,  Anthony 386 

Fisher,  C.  E 177 

Fisher,  George  A 409,  426,  445 

Fisk  electors,  vote  for 553 

Fiske,  Thos.  S _..     84 

Fitch,  Henry  S .-452,  468 

vote  for,  for  congressman. .453,  473 

Fitch,  Thos 126,  184 

Fitton,  James 12 

Fitzgerald,  O.  P....  191,  266,  302,  353 
vote  for,  for  supt.  of  public  in- 
struction  192,268,  312,  356 

Fitzgerald,  R.  M 546 

Fitzhe.nry,   E 65 

Fitzsimmons,  H ...91,  100 

Five  per   cent    law,    repeal    re- 
quested  ..299,  308 

Flag,  raising  over  schools. 559 

Flannagan,   M.   E 26,70,    92 

Flannigan,  L.  G 584 

Fleming,  S 18 

Flemming,   S.-'. 211 

Fletcher,  Edward  P 34 

Flint,  E.  P.... 60 

Flint,    Thomas 455 

Flint,   Wilson 31,  100,  103  126 

Flournoy,  Geo 431 

Flournoy,  Tnomas  C..  _ 41,  203 

vote  for,  for  controller. 50 

Flower,  S... 9 

Flvnn,  J.  J.. 396,  460 

Foard,  J.  W 62 

Foley,   John 422,  436,460,  542 

Foley,  T 88 

Folger,  Francis  B 61,  116 

Foote,  E.  N 320 

Foote,  Henry  S ..59,  68,     79 

Foote,  L.  H 116,  278,  358,  362 

Foote,  W.W..438, 452, 524, 526,542,  581 . 
vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner   453,  533 

Forbes,  W.  J 179 

Ford,  Charles ..-     42 

Ford,  W.  J .--.     59 

Foreigners,  exclusion  from  office,    43 
(See  also,  Aliens,  Chinese.) 

Forman,  F 42,     79 

Forman,  Sands  W 353 

Forrester,  P.  A 224,  226 


680 


INDEX. 


Forster,  P.  B _ 266 

Fort  Sumter,  news  of  attack  on._  162 

Foster,  C.  F 460 

Foster,  James 426,  445 

Foster,  S.  C —    18 

Foulke,  L.  M 209 

Fourteenth  amendment,  indorsed  239 

Fowler,  C.  B... 176 

Fowler,  D.  T 590 

Fowler,  E.  B... ...464,  507 

Fowler,  Samuel 464,  536,  556,  586 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 570 

Fowler,  Thomas ..  418,  435,  438 

Fox,  Chas.  N 340,  428,  430,  564 

Francis,  G.  M 561 

Francis,  G.  W 550 

Franck,  F.  C.___ 542 

Frankenfield,  J 575 

Franklin,  J.  J 165,  172 

Freanor,  George _70,    74 

Free  coinage,  resolutions  favor- 
ing  515,  519, 

525,  542,  560,  567,  573,  587,  589,  590 
Free  soil  democrats,  nomination 

of  electors  in  1852.. _._    23 

Free  Trade.    ( See  Tariff. ) 
Freedmen's  bureau  bill,  veto  of, 
233,  235 

indorsement  of  action  of  repre- 
sentatives   235 

disapproval  of  veto 237 

Freedom  of  speech,  rights  of.....  190 

Freedom  of  the  press 360 

Freelon.T.  W 115,  226 

Freeman,  A.  C 414 

Freeman,  E.  M 532 

Freeman,  F.  S 342,  445 

Freeman,  J.  W 292,  359,  389 

Freights,  reduction  urged 333 

oppressive  rates  of. _ 344 

contract  system  denounced 440 

(Sec  also,  Railroads.) 

Freer,  L.  D 438,  480 

Fremonc,  John  C. 66,  116 

resolution     instructing     dele- 
gates for 61 

nomination  ratified 65 

vote  for,  for  president 74 

French,   A.. 88,  104 

French,  F.  G ._ 281 

French,  Frank  J.__ 309,426,  455 

French,  Henry 556,  584 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 570 

Freud,  J.  R 394 

Frew,  Samuel 531 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 533 

Friedlander,   Isaac 297,302,  303 

Frink,  M.,  Jr ..93,97,    99 

Frisbie,    E 480 

Frisbie,  J.  B....55,  59,  70,  75,  100,  194 

vote  for,  for  lieutenant  gover- 
nor  5    I 

Frost,  Wm.  P 422,435,  437    [ 

Frye,  Jacob 18 

Fugitive  Slave  law 120   j 

Fuller,  Geo 571,  591   ' 


Fuller,  J.  B 565 

Fulweiler,  J.  M 358,  550 

Furber,  E.  G 590 

GAFFEY,  John  T. 524,  532,  569 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 533,  570 

Gage,  Henry  T 542 

Gallager,  James  C _.   283 

Gallagher,  Ed.... 9 

Gallagher,  Geo.  W 444 

Gaily,  J.  W 422 

Galvin,  E.  R 316 

Ganahl,  Frank 123,  179,  362,  364 

vote  for,  for  congressman 180 

Garber,  J.  C 386 

Gard,  W.  A 178 

Gardiner,  H.  C.._ 81 

Gardiner,  J.  J 179,  195 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general..  180 

Gardner,  H.  F _." 586 

Gardner,  Robert. ...207,  309,  340,  518 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general 

1...311,  355 

Garfield,  J.  A.... 431,  561,  574 

resolution  on  nomination 429 

vote  for 430 

memorial  resolution 439 

Garner,  J.  R 590 

Garnett,  L.  A 547,  549,  550,  553 

Garoutte,  C.  H.  430,  445,  472,  560,  564 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 570 

Garratt,  W.  T 430 

Garretson,  J.  M 481 

Garrison,  W.  R 104 

Garst,  E 68 

Garter,  Chas.  A 

293,  390,  430,  518,  531,  550 

vote  for,  for  congressman 533 

Garter  E 111,  120 

Gas,  regulating  rates  for 347 

Gaskill,  R.  C... 210,  455,  513,  537 

Gates,  H.  S 65 

Gatewood,  W.  Jeff. 330 

Gear,  H.  L 287 

Geary,  John  W 1 

vote  for,  for  governor 5,      6 

Geary,  T.  J __._560,  569,  581 

commended  as  congressman..  576 

vote  for,  for  congressman.. 571,  594 

Geiger,  Vincent  E 

31,  42,  77,  79,  88, 

90,  104,  111,  112,  123,  127,  173,  191 

Gelwicks,  D.  W... ...70,79, 

88,  106,  123,  124,  173,  188,  191, 
197,  200,  209,  224,  226,  266,  291,  292 

vote  for,  for  printer 267 

Gemmill,  E.  W. 19 

George,    Henry.. ._ 298,  316 

George,    N 549 

George,  S.  G... 247,  313 

Gesford,  H.  C 418 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 421 

Gibbons,  E 124,  125,  126,  328,  329 

Gibbons,  R. 353 

Gibbs,  F.  A....  .  281 


INDEX, 


681 


-Gibson,  E.  M 445 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner  453 

-Giddings,  E 65 

Gift,  Geo.  W '. 203 

Gift,  W.  W 12,    55 

Gilbert,  E.  C 556 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 570 

Gilbert,  Edward ...      4 

vote  for,  for  congressman  ....5,      6 

Gilcrest,  S.  F 362 

Gildea,  Chas... ..301,  438 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 453 

'Gillett,  E.  C. 68 

Gilmore,  G.  W ...     68 

•Gird,  Richard 542,  571 

Gitchell,  J.  R ....55,  179 

vote  for,  for  congressman 180 

•Glascock,  John  R 424,  437,  463 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

...431,453,  473 

Glascock,  W.  H.  88,  173,  188,  224,  226 

Glaskin,  Wm... Ill 

•-Glasscock,  A.  H. 359 

Gleaves.  James  M. 565 

-Glenn,  H.  J ...353.  413,  418 

discussion    on    removal    from 

state  ticket ..  420 

vote  for,  for  governor 421 

Gloster,  D.  M 386 

<Goad,  W.  F..._ 123,  316 

•Goat  Island,  opposition  to  grant- 
ing to  railroad  company 

..316,318,  319 

-Godfrey,  J.  F. 428 

vote  for,  for  congressman 431 

•Goin,  T.  J 452 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 453 

Golden,  Thomas 320 

Gonzales,  M.  E 358 

Goodrich,  George _ 65 

Goodrich,  J.  V... 355 

Goods,  James  C... 

209,  224,  226,  263,  267,  320 

Goodwin,  A.  W... 24 

.  Goodwin,  Jesse  0. .  12, 16, 17,  26.  43, 

68,  80,  195,  310,  313,  318.  321,  341 
independent  candidacy  for  con- 
gress  251 

'Goodwin,  John  D 229,  460,  569,  582 

reconstruction  resolution  by...  229 

Goodwin,  W.  R _*.._.  536 

Goodyear,  H.  C 556 

'Gordon,  D 260 

Gordon,  D.  E 281,  314 

Gordon,  Josiah 34 

Gore,  J.  C 590 

Gorham,  C.  M 295 

^  Gorham,  George  C 

244,  247,  254,  267,  320,  335,  404,  409 
letter  on  Chinese  immigration,  241 

gubernatorial  candidacy  of 242 

speech  on   accepting  nomina- 
tion   247 

opposition  to  candidacy  of,  252,  253 


Gorham,  George  C. — continued. 

address  to  union  party.. 255 

vote  for,  for  governor.'. 267 

railroad  pledges  presented  by,  407 

Goucher,  G.  G 461,  463 

Gough,  N.  T 50 

Gough,W.T 88 

Gould,  A.  G 100 

Gould,  J.  G 10 

Gould,  Will  D. 451,  464,  465 

vote  for,  for  attorney -general..  453 

vote  for,  for  c6ngressman._ 473 

Goulding,  C.  N.._. 464 

Governor,  vote  for  in .. 

1849,  5;  1851,  15;  1853,  28; 
1855,  50;  1857,  84;  1859,  108; 
1*61,  180;  1863,  201;  1867, 
267:  1871,  311;  1875,  355;  1879, 
421 ;  1882,  453 ;  1886,  532;  1890,  570 
Governors,  biographical  sketches 

of  ._.. 597 

Grady,  W.  D.._. ...437,  524,  547 

Graham,   Thomas 468 

Graham,  William  H .13,  59,    70 

Grain  bags,  manufacture  at  San 

Quentin 520 

Grammar,  G.  C 75 

Granger,  L.  C.._. ...65,  199,  414 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..  201 
Grangers'  conventions.. 452,  524,  525 
Grangers,  organization  of,  in  1873, 

.: 322,  327 

resolutions  adopted. . 322 

Granniss,  G.  W 173,  174 

Grant,  D.  W 409 

Grant,  G.  A 98,  116 

Grant,  R.  A 451 

vote  for,  for  supt.  of  public  in- 
struction  453 

Grant,  U.  S . 281,318,  561 

resolutions  indorsing.. 280, 306,  317 

nomination  indorsed 286 

vote  for , 288,  321 

administration  indorsed ...293,  335 
protest  against  administration 

of... 300 

renomination   desired 313 

administrationcondemn'd,  315,  351 

renomination  of 317 

third-term  question......  335,  339 

Grattan,  C ...394,  410,  414 

Graves,  H.  S.....  ,..465,  472,  506,  526 

vote  for,  for  congressman 453 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 532 

Graves,  Walker  C 569 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..  570 

Graves,  Wm 547,  584 

Graves,  Wm.  J 303,  320,  321,  389 

Gray,  John 44 

Gray,  M. 179 

Gray,  Mrs.  M.  F 586 

Gray,  Michael 59,  302 

Gray,  Thos 31!) 

Gray  son,  Geo.  W 532,  549 

Greeley,  Horace... 107,  317,  318 

nomination  for  presidency 319 

Greeley  electors,  vote  for... 321 

Green,*C 445 


682 


INDEX. 


Green,  Chas.  E 451,  506 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 453 

Green,  Christopher 389,  409 

Green,  F.  McD 451,  464 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 453 

Green,  James.. 176,  195 

Green,  James  J 1 

....  179.  186,  188,  280,  309,  340,  430 

vote  for,  for  controller 311,  355 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner.   .-  533 

Green,  John  0 526 

Green,  T.  J 11,  12,     18 

Gre^n,  W.  S. 

172,  199,  417,  438,  476.  477,  509,  511 
resolution    relative   to    recon- 
struction   268 

Greenback  electors,  vote  for 364 

Greenback  labor  party  conven- 
tions  ..1880,  426;  1882,  451 

platform  ...I 426 

Greenback  party,  resolutions  of 

state  committee 392 

Greene,  C.  E 210,  234 

Greene,  W.  E 552 

Greenough,  J.  F 586 

Greenwell,  John 386,  401 

Gregg,  A.  J....  451,  £06,  536,  553,  584 
vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization ._    533 

Gregory,  D.  S 112,  191 

Gregory,  J.  W 22 

Gregory,  Newell 112 

Gregory,  U.  S 480,  543 

Griffin,'  G.  R 12 

Griffin,  P.  H 581 

Griffith,  Humphrey. 32,  55,  70,  90, 

102,  111,  122,  126,  127,  172,  188,  191 

Grimes.  Brice.. 389,419,  518 

Gross,  Frank  W..   .-. 409,  444 

vote   for,    for   supreme    court 

clerk 421,  453 

Grosse,  Guy  E 560 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 570 

Grow's  land  bill,  approval  of 98 

Grunsky,  C.  E 518 

Grunsky,  Charles 309 

Guerra.   Pablo  de  la.     (See  De  la 

Guerra.) 
Guinn,  Harrison.      (See  Gwinn.) 

Guinn,  J.  M 349 

Gunn,  L.  C 65,  75,  76,    94 

vote  for,  for  controller 84,    95 

Gunnison,  A.  J 238,  334 

Gutte,  1 581 

Gwin,  William  M 

11,70,86,96,97,107, 

108,  113,  123,  12ii,  129,  180,  203,  316 

Gwin,  William  M.,  Jr 353 

Gwinn,  Harrison .197,  328 

t 

HABEAS  CORPUS,  resolution  rela- 
tive to 190 

suspension  of,  indorsed.. 202 

right  should  be  inviolable 225 

Hagar,  George. 430,  445 


Hagen,  Albert 319 

Hager,  G.  W 238 

Hager,  John  S...352,  359,  361,  364,  389 
resolution     approving     John- 
son's message. 231 

Haggin,  J.  B.....' 113,  173 

Haight,  F.  M 76,  99,  116 

Haight,  Henry  H 19, 

99,  109,  266,  283,  296,  297,  389,  392 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 201 

vote  for,  for  governor 267,  311 

declination  to  send  resolutions 

to  Washington 276 

resolution  indorsing... 285 

administration  indorsed ..  .291,  301 
letter  consenting  to  renomina- 

tion ."_ 295 

sketch  of ..  599 

Haile,  R.  C.. 292,  353,  389 

Haines,  A.  P 569 

Hale,  James  E 

19,  34,  47, 176,  249,  310,  318,  321, 
340,  362,  389,  1390,  409,  414,  420,  513 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 421 

Hale,  JohnP 23 

Hale,  0.  A.... 575 

Haley,  M.  C 435 

Hall,  Benjamin 41 

Hall,  D.  T 176 

Hall,  E.  D 12 

Hall.  E.  E 549 

Hall,  H.  C 569 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

Eublic  instruction 570 
,  J.  B 200,  389 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 201 

Hall,  J.  M 586 

Hall,  J.  T 26,29,     33 

Hall,  O.  C..67,  68,  81,  83,  104,  113,  123 

Hall,  William  Ham ...474,  478- 

Halleck,  H.  W .5,  114 

Hallett,  Edward ..340,  355 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state    355 
Hallidie,  A.  S...324,  325,334,  349.  592 
Halstead,   Pet,  vote  for,for  con- 
gressman  5,      6 

Hambleton,  J.  D....212,  224,  226,  284 

Hambly,  W.  D.  J 556 

Hamilton,  E.  M 590 

Hamilton,  Henry 208 

Hamilton,  Hiram 591 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Hamilton,  Jo  ..211,  212,  266,  302, 

316,  319,  321,  353,  359,  415,  418,  456 
vote   for,   for  attorney-general 

267',  311,  355,  421 

Hamilton,!,...    173.  410 

Hamilton,  Mark  D. 518 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 533 

Hamilton,  N 210 

Hamilton,  Noble 517 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court.. 53? 

Hamlin,  Hannibal.... 116,  11? 


INDEX. 


683 


Hamm,  S.  F.._. 191 

Hammond,  E.  D 18 

Hammond,  H.  T. 435 

Hammond,  R.  P 22,26, 

104,  106,  114,  118,  122,  126,  127,  172 
Hammond,  R.  P.,  Jr., ...575,  582,  594 

Hammond,  W.  H 548 

Hampton,  R 13 

Hampton,  R.  B 26 

Hance,  B.  M 109 

Hancock,  G.  W ...396,  413,  414 

Hancock,  J 99 

Hancock,  W.  J 566 

Hancock,  Gen.  W.  S,  ....422,  429,  431 

vote  for 430 

Handy,  I.  S.  K 41 

Handv,  S.  K.  J 90 

Hanks,  W.  M 532 

Hannon,8 532 

Hanrahan,  D.'H.... 100 

Hanscom.  S.  L 565,  592 

Hanson,  Geo.  M.,61,  75,  94,98, 109,  116 

Hanson,  Thus.  H 239 

Harazthy,  Col 188 

Harbor  commissioner,  vote  for, 

in  1863,  201;  1867,  267;  lcS71...  311 
Harbor  commissioners,  resigna- 
tion of,  in  1873 325 

Hardenbergh,  J.  R. 

31,  77,  90,  218,  220,  430 

Harding,  J.  W. 389 

Harding,  Thomas 431 

Hardwick,  Geon-e  M 392 

Hardy,  James  H 

...  .88,  173,  234,  291,  292,  316,  334 

Hardy,  J.  P.... 123 

Harkness,  E 93 

Harkness,  E.  D 97 

Harmer,  J.  C 65 

Harmon,  John  B 49,  196 

Harp,  T.'D 419 

Harriman,  W.  D 195 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 201 

Harrington,  J.  T ....460,  461 

Harrington,  W.  P 592 

Harris,  H.  H 582 

Harris,  J.  H.... 67 

Harris,  L.  B 301 

Harris,  M.  B 586 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Harris,  P.  H '....34,  104,  111,  151 

resolution  indorsingCrittenden 

compromise 152 

Harris,  Stephen  R 3,  4,  18 

Harris,  T.  W 591 

Harris,  W.  A ; 506 

vote  for,  for  congressman ...  . .  5>i3 

Harrison,  Benjamin 553,  572,  573 

nomination  of 550 

vote  for 552,  594 

.  administration  commended. .. 

563,  571 

administration  criticised 566 

support  pledged  to 501 

Harrison,  Ralph  C 560,  564 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court ._  ..  570 


Harrison,  Robert 409 

Harrison,  T.  S 586 

Hart,  Augustus  L...409,  444,  526,  561 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general.. 

421,  453 

Hart,  E.  C 565 

Hart,  R.  G 556 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  570 
Hart,  W.  H.  H 518,  565 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general.. 

532,  570 

Hartlev,  H.  H 200,  26T 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

.    court .' 201,  226 

Hartson,  Chancellor 

205,220,251,278,  287,  517 

vote  for,  for  congressman.. 268,  288 

Hartwell,  S.  E...._ 319 

Harvey,  J.  D 575,  581 

Harvey,Obed. 207,404,430, 472,513,  591 

Haskell,  D.  H -.13,    19 

Haskell,  L -  123 

Haskins,  William 22 

Hastings,  E.  O.  F 42" 

Hastings,   L.  W.,  vote  for  con- 
gressman  5 

Hastings,  R.  P 463 

vote  for,  for  congressman 47S 

Hastings,  S.  C.... 4,  12,    42 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..    15 
Haswell,  C.  H 569 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  571 

Haswell,  C.  S 65,     76 

Hatch,  Asa  D. 23 

Hatch,  F.  L.    197,  200,  209 

Hatch,  Dr.  F.  W 68 

Hatch,  Jackson ....569,  575,  583 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court.... 570 

Hathaway,  A.  R.: 590 

Hathaway,  B.  W 65,  173,  176,  184 

Haun,  Henry  P. 

24,  26,  41,  55,  88,  112 

Haven,  F.  C.... 109 

Haven,  G.  C 99 

Haven,  J.  M 104,  209 

Haven,  J.  P 34,  113,  124 

Havner,  James  B 532 

Hawes,  Horace,  post-bellum  res- 
olution by 231 

Hawkins,  H.*R.. 

.68,81,83,124,125,  126 

Hawks,  W.  W 19,  34,     64 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 23 

Hawley,  David  N...1. i'58 

Haworth.  James. 124 

Hawthorne,  J.  C 26,     :-M 

Hayden,  Wm 17S 

Hayes.  Michael 199.  316,  319 

vote  for,  for  harbor  commiss'er  201 
Hayes,  Rutherford  B... .365,  423,  429 

nomination  indorse.) 363 

vetoes  by,  condemned... 416 

Hayes  electors,  vote  for 364 

Hayes,  Thomas ... 

"106,  123,  124,  173,  191,  209,  211,  283 
Haves,  William 316,  319 


684 


INDEX. 


Haymond,  Creed 

284,  301,  321,  426,  455,  542 

Havne,  B.  S 546 

Hayne,  R.  Y 569 

Haynes,  J.  P. 111,  543 

Hays,  John  C 10,  314,  361,  415 

Hayward,  A ...114,  314 

Hayward,  B 48,    49 

Heacock,  E.  H ....218,  274,  571 

resolutions  by,  on  Stanton  and 

Johnson. .1 ..273,  276 

Heald,  F.  H..._ 542 

Healey,  Lucien  B... __..     81 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general..    84 
Hearst,  George 436 

indorsed  as  senator.. 545,  567 

Heath,  R 73 

Heath,  Richard.  _ 283 

Heath,  Russell 298,  543 

Heath,  W ...16,    17 

"Heath    Amendment,"  opposi- 
tion to. 521,  525 

Hebbron,  J.  R 565 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board  of 

equalization _ 570 

Hecht,  Isaac ...358,  592,  594 

Hecht,  Marcus  H 469,  472,  504 

Hector,  John  H 536 

Heiskell,  T.  D ..414,  419 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization 421 

Helbing,  A 334 

Helm,  — 374 

Henderson,  C 504,  506,  507 

vote  for,  congressman 533 

Hendricks,  Thomas  A... 361,  422,  423 

indorsed  for  vice-presidency..  459 
Hendricks,  W.  C ...422,  524,  569 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state.. 

532,  570 

Henley,  Barclay 362, 

364,  419,  422;  430,  438,  463,  479,  518 

vote  for  congressman 453,  472 

Henley,  George  W.. 350 

Henley,  J 11,  22,  24,  111, 

112, 123,  191,  211,  267,  283,  284,  288 

Henry,  B.  M 88,  118 

Herbert,  P.  T.,  30,42,  49,  70,  77,  79,  181 

killing  of  Keating  by 66 

vote  for,  for  congressman 38 

Hereford,  Frank... 80, 178,  ?34 

Herold  Adam 523,  569 

vote  for,  for  treasurer. 532,  570 

Herrick,  Smith 75 

Herring,  S.  H 364 

Herron,  Walter 13 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general..    15 

Hersey,  Philo  G _ 575 

Hershey,  D.  X 460 

Hester,  C.  P 99,  173,184,  238 

Hetherington,  Joseph... 69 

Hewston,  Dr.  George ^.  466 

Heydenfeldt,  E 7,  8,  17,    26 

Heydenfeldt,   Solomom... 

\..12,  34,  69,  113,  126,  165,188,  298 

vote  for,  for  judge  of  supreme 

court 15 

Hevdenfeldt,  S.,  Jr 418 


Hickey,  C.  C 250 

Hierlihy,  T.  L..._ 586 

Higby,  Charles  B 280 

Higby.  William. __  92,  179, 

184,  188,  195,  201,  207,  240,  251,  287 
expelled  from  union  democra- 
tic committee 185 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

_ 201,212,  268 

indorsed  as  congressman 207 

renominated  for  congress 251 

Higgins,  F.  B. 94,99,  178 

Higgins,  T.,  vote  for,  for  clerk  of 

supreme  court.. 11 

High  License.    (See  Prohibition 

platforms. ).__  

Highways,  private  possession  of, 

condemned.-- 427 

Higley,  H.  A.. ...73,  77,  104,  172,  203 
vote  for,  for  surveyor-general.. 

84,  109,  180 

Hilborn,  S.  G 

409,  426,  430,  445,  472,  592 

vote  for,  for  congressman...  ..  594 

Hill,  E.   K _ 451 

vote  for,  for  survevor-general..  453 

Hill,  J.  A I. 542 

Hill,  J.  Brvant 23 

Hill,  J.  H.l 59,  178 

Hill,  J.  N.._- _.  120 

Hill,  R,  J ..  205 

Hill,  Ramon 194 

Hill,  T.  G... 460 

Hill,  Thos 59 

Hill,  W.  J 445 

Hill,  William  McP 314 

Hillyer,  C.  J 76,  99,  174 

Hinchman,   A 16 

Hinckley,  J.  C.. 109,  110 

Hines,  J.   W 586 

Hinkson,  A.  C... 173 

Hinkson,  J.  C 88 

Hinkson,  W.  R 353 

Hitchcock,  C.  N 50 

Hittell.  Theodore    H 443 

Hoag,  B.  H 586 

Hoag,  I.  N 17,  322 

Hoaglaiid,  William  C 401 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization 421 

Hobson,  W.  D.,  vote  for,  for  lieu- 
tenant-governor   355 

Hockheimer,  A 591 

Hoff,  J.  J -     73 

Hoffman,  D.  B. 

123,  287,  288,  293,  295,  334,  342,  349 

Hogan,  E.  T... 291 

Hogan,  Henry 582 

Hoge,  J.  P ...70,     73 

79,  88,  89,  90,  104,  106,  111,  114, 
117,  119,  122,  123,  162,  176,  179, 
200,  224,  226,  239,  263,  264,  267, 
282,  284,  289,  292.  298,  303,  316, 
319,  326,  328,  350,  353,  361,  389,  417 
letter  to  Breckinridge  portion 

of  state  committee... 118 

Hogue,  L.  B 506 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 


INDEX. 


685 


Hogue,  L.  B. — continued. 

equalization - 533 

Hoit,  M.  P 12 

Hoitt,  IraG... 118,  526,  531,  565 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction -533 

Holcomb,  W.  A 249 

Hoklen,  Dr.  E.  S 322 

Holden,  Joshua 18 

Holden,  William 45 

104,  197,  199,  266,  282,  283,  301,  414 

post  helium  resolutions  by 227 

amendment  by,  to  Hawes'  res- 
olution   1. 231 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor 267 

Roll,  S.  S 547,  550,  556 

vote  for.  for  congressman 553 

Holland,  Nathaniel 

184,  185,  194,  196,  205,  209,  248,  287 

Hollenbeck,  O.  W ...429,  430 

Holliday,  S.  W. 37,  94,  389 

Holloway,  J.  H 452 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  453 

Holmes,  H 413 

Holmes,  W.  H... 479 

Holt,  L.  M.    473,  474,476,  509 

Holtz,  Louis 461 

Homestead  bill  indorsed  __92,  98,  121 
Homesteads,  securing  of,  to  set- 
tlers  . 36 

(See  also.  Lands,  Public.) 

Hook,  G.  W ..29,  30,  88,  173,  191 

Hooke,  T.  R 209 

Hooker,  A.  E._._ ....176,  185 

Hooten,  W.  J 

90,  104,  106,  123,  124,  173,  188,  191 

Hoover,  F.  J. 77 

Hope,  A.  W.-.. 8 

Hope,  Thomas 314,  316 

Hopkins,  C.  T 341 

Hopkins,  James,  Jr 584 

Hopkins,  Mark.... 62,  76,    94 

Hopkins,  R.  D 124 

Hopkins,  Sterling  A 69 

Hopkins,  W.  R 16 

Hopper,  Peter  J. .401,  422,436,456,  460 

Hoppe,  J.  D 8 

Hopper,  P.  J 317 

Hopping,  W.  E 220 

Hornblower,  F.  A 259 

Hornsby,  C.  C 18 

Horstman,  Henry 389 

Hossefros,  G.  H 37,  126 

Hotchkiss,  A.  B , 451 

vote  for,  for  congressman..  ..  453 
Hough,  A.  M 556 

vote  for,  for  governor 570 

Hough,  Geo.  C..._ 176 

Houghton,J.  F 76,176,  195 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general 

...180,  201 

Houghton,  S.  O.  295,  310,  311,  318, 
320,  341,  363,  390,  408,  409, 410,  430 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

311,  321,  356 

Hours  of  labor.    (See  Labor.) 

Houston,  Sam 18 

Howard,  C 283 


Howard,  V7olney  E 

59,  112,  113,  114,  165,  394,  410,  413 

Howard,  W.  H 81 

Howard,  William  J.___ 392 

Howe,  E.  F...... 556 

vote,  for,  for  congressman 571 

Howe,  John  M..._ ...26,    65 

Howe,  Robert... 359 

Howe,  W.  0 452,  469 

vote  for,  for  congressman 453 

Howell,  J 253 

HowellJohn  G.._. 309,329,  334 

Howell  John  M.___ 49,  68,    90 

Howell,  Josiah... 249 

vote  for,  for  controller 267 

Howser,  B.  W 436. 

Hubbs,  Paul   K .3,24,70,  266 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 29 

Huddart,  R.  T 10 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 11 

Hudnut,   R.... 509. 

Hudson,  Rodney _ 569 

Hudspeth,  J.  M 77 

Huerate,    L 390 

Huestis,  W.  F 281,  389,  390. 

Huff,   S 426 

Hugg,  B.  P 191 

Hugg,R.  B 460 

Huggins,  H.  T.___ 34,  77,  79,  100 

Hughes,  J.  W. 569 

Hughes,  Thomas  E 527 

Hull,  C.  A 524 

Hume,  Chas.  F 584 

Hume.   John 176,179,  188 

Humphreys,  W.  P.. ._.10,  438 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  453 

denounced    as    railroad    com- 
missioner ..'_ 457 

Hundley,  P.  O 191,  298,316,  328 

Hunsaker,  J.  C Ill,  17S 

Hunt,  A.  B.,  post  bellum  resolu- 
tions bv 229 

Hunt,  F.  W 504 

Hunt,   Jeffersun 59,    77 

Hunt,  John 443 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 453 

Hunt,  W.  B 123,179,  250 

Hunt,  W.  J 532 

Hunter,  Alex 42,  70,  207 

Hunter,  G.  W ." 320,  396 

Hunting-ton,  C.  P ..62,  207 

Hunting-ton,  J.  M ..19,     21 

Hurlbuft,  B.   G 438 

Huse,  Chas.  E 281,  294 

Hutchinson,  C.  I .26,  177,  184 

Hutton,  J.  A 278,  281,  341 

Hyatt,  T.  Hart 322 

Hydraulic  mining.    (See  Miners, 
Mining.) 

IMMIGRATION,  resolutions  favor- 
ing  60,260,293,  471 

resolutions  opposing 

536,  538,548,  55& 

(Seealso,  Chinese  immigration.) 


686 


INDEX. 


Immigration  laws,   amendment 

of 585 

Income  tax,  failure  of  congress 

to   repeal , ~  299 

Independence  in  politics 330 

Independence  of  California,  re- 
solution offered  relative  to...  112 
Independent  Democracy,   name 
adopted  by  temperance  con- 
vention   48 

Independent  partv,  organization 

in  1873 328 

conventions ..329,  341 

resolutions  adopted 330,  342 

state  central  committee 334,  349 

Indian  reservations,  cultivation 

of,  demanded 468 

Indian  war  claims,  general  gov- 
ernment should  pay 14 

Inge,  S.  W - 59 

Ingram,  R.  Henry 204 

Inman,    D ..197,550,  553 

Interest,limitation  on  rate  of,  385,  398 
Interstate  commerce,  regulation 

of,  demanded 441,  467 

passage  of  Regan  bill 519 

Inyo  county  special  election, 1892,  593 

Irelan,Wm.,  Sr 532 

Irish,  John  P 509,  546,  560,  569 

vote  for,  for  congressman 571 

Irrigation,  control  of  water  for 

333,  337,  345, 

449,  516,  521,  525,  528,  529,  563,  568 
articles  of  association  of  anti- 
riparian  irrigation  organiza- 
tion...  507 

constitutional    amendments 

proposed 511,  512 

proposed  act  concerning  owner- 
ship   and    appropriation   of 

water 513 

Irrigation    conventions,    River- 
side   473 

Fresno 477 

San  Francisco.. 507 

resolutions  adopted ..  .473,  477,  509 

Irving,  H.  P 389,  410,  414 

Irwin,  Richard 

24,  90,  102,  178,  179,  200 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor...  180 

Irwin,  Wm 

...  266,  298,  314,  321,  352,  353,  365 

vote  for,  for  governor 355 

sketch  of 600 

Ivory,  M.  P 542 

JACK,  John 10 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 11 

Jack,  R.  E 575 

Jackson,  A.  R 103 

Jackson,  Andrew 56,  101,  137,  335 

Jackson,  D.  B 430 

Jackson,  J.  G 409 

Jackson,  W 428,  518 

Jacobv,A 283 

James,  Chas 185 

James,  J.  C ---     77 


James,  Jefferson  G. 523 

James,  John  M 268 

Jamison,  J.  W..__ 386 

Janes,  Horace  P 68 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 74 

January,  W.  A 79,  302,  437 

vote  for,  for  treasurer... 453 

Jarboe,  J.  R 350 

Jazinsky,  Louis 176 

Jefferis,  E.  G - 259 

vote  for,  for  printer 267 

Jeneris,  G.  W 523 

Jefferson,  Thomas ...56,  101 

Jenkins,  Chas.  A 546,  552,  590 

Jennings,  G.  C _.  549 

Jennings,  H.  TJ 92, 102,  103,  176 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 95 

Jennings,  William  ..340,  409,  430,  445 

Jewett,  J.  W .....  103 

Jewett,  John  H 

194,  363,  364,  404,  430,  438 

Jewett,  S.  E 340 

Jewett,  Sol 335,  363,  509 

Johns,  J.  R 426 

Johns,  T.  D 19,     50 

Johnson,  A 4 

Johnson,  A.  P 473 

Johnson,  Andrew ...  

209,  210,  221,  222,  272,  274 

resolution  of  confidence  in 216 

indorsement  of 224,  238 

reconstruction  policy  of 

227,  228,  229,  230,  231,  233,  235 

veto  of  Freedmen's  Bureau  bill, 

...233,235,  237 

veto  of  civil  rights  bill 237 

impeachment  of 271,  273,  279 

resolutions  on  impeachment  of  284 
attempted  removal  of  Stanton 

270-277,  282,  289 

Johnson,  C.  H 314,  354,  590 

union    resolutions  offered   by, 

146,  155 

Johnson,  Charles  A. 284 

Johnson   D.  J 111 

Johnson,  E.  P : 575 

Johnson,  F.  E 547 

Johnson,  G.  B 591 

Johnson,  George  A. .401,  414,  524,  569 
vote  for,  for  attorney-general ..  532 

Johnson,  Grove  L 

328,  424,  537,571,  592 

Johnson,  Herschel  V 118,  119,  120 

Johnson,  J.  A 588 

Johnson,  J.Neely.13, 19, 26,  34, 43,  124 

vote  for,  for  governor 50 

sketch  of.. -  598 

Johnspn,  J.  W 437 

Johnson,  James.. 

100,  197,  224,  231,  263,  330,  334,  394 

Johnson,  James  A 104,  165, 

263,  267,  286,  295,  303,  352,  353,  436 
vote  for,  for  congressman, .268,  288 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor 355 

Johnson,  Josiah 92,  103 

vote  for,  for  treasurer.. 109 


INDEX. 


687 


Johnson,  R.  P 248,  445 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization ..  453 

Johnson,  S.  F - 109 

Johnson,  S.  S 65 

Johnson,  Sydney  L 172 

Johnson,  W.  Neelv --• 

111,211,212,314,  353 

Johnson,  William... 517 

Johnson,  Wm.  A 104 

Johnson  union  party,  efforts  to 

form 239 

Johnston,  George  Pen 284 

Johnston,  William 342,  445,  455 

Joice,  E.  V - 1,      3 

Jones,  A.  F 583 

Jones,  C.T ...550,  552 

Jones,  Cyrus ..396,  413 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 421 

Jones,  Hugh  L 401 

vote  for,  for  controller. 421 

Jones,  J.  M 7,      8 

Jones,  J.  W... 65 

Jones,  John  P Ill,  205,  249 

reconstruction  resolutions  by._  235 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor 267 

Jones,  N.  P 320 

Jones  Nathaniel. 461 

Jones,  R.  A 99 

Jones,  W.  H 1 

Jones,  Wm 176,  259,  3SO,  334 

vote  for,  for  controller 267 

Jordan,  Wm.H 564 

Jourdan,  A.  P 2.07 

Judah,  T.  D 44 

Judicial  system,  revision  recom- 
mended   100 

Judkins,  S.  M 61 

Judson,  E 259,  260 

Jury  system,  reform  of 348 

Justices  of  Supreme  court,  vote 

for,  in 1851,  15; 

1852,  23;  1853,  29;  1855,  50; 

1857,  84;  1858,  95;  1859,  108; 

1861,  180;  1863,  201;  1865,  226; 

1867,  268;  1869,  295;  1871,311; 

1873,  335 ;  Ib79,  421 ;  1882,  453 ; 

1886,    533;     1888,    553;     1890,  570 
.Jute  bags,  admission  free  from 

duty 580 

KALLOCK,  I.  M...  ..  421 

Kallock,   I.   S.,    affair  with    De 

Young... 420 

Kane,  Captain  Elisha  K 14 

Kansas,  division  of  democratic 

party  on  question  of ... 85 

question  of  admission  in  con- 
gress      86 

resolution  on _  89,  90,    91 

Topeka  constitution  condem'd    90 
Kansas-Nebraska  bill,  resolution 

on.._ 63,    64 

Katzenstein,  George  B...355,  480,  504 

Kays,  J.  C -... 584 

Kearney,  A 518 

.Kearney,  Dennis 

365,  366,  367,368,369, 


Kearney,  Dennis — continued. 

37i; 377,  378,  381,  386,  393,  396,  400 

arrest  of 370 

dismissal  of  charges 373 

rearrested _ 374 

acquitted 375 

address  issued  from  prison 376 

removal  from  presidency  of  the 

workingmen's  party 383 

Keating,  L 452 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 453 

Keating,  Thomas 66 

Keene,  B.  F 12,22,    41 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 50 

Keith,  N.  S 549 

Keller,  W.  B.  G 401,  414 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization 421 

Kelley,  G.  R 349 

Kelley,  John  M 389,414,  420 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization.. 421 

Kellogg,  Frank  E 506,  556,  586 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state, . 

._ '. 532,  570 

Kellogg,  W.  W.... 437 

Kellv,  J.  B 386 

Kelly,  J.  V .  356 

Kelly,  William 586 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Kelsey,  Frank 586 

Kelsey,  J.  M.... .. 281 

Kelsey,  J.  W 65 

Kelso,  J.  R _ 413 

Kendall,  Amos... 207 

Kendall,  Thomas 42 

Kendall,  William 259 

Kendrick,  J.  J 124,  209 

Kenfield,  D.  M..281,  363,  365,  409,  444 

vote  for,  for  controller 364,  421 

suit  for  office  of  controller 365 

Kennedy,  A.  M 199 

Kennedy,  J.  F 98,  99,  185 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor 108 

Kennedy,  J.  H _ 437 

Kennedy,  Wm 372 

Kenny, 'Bernard  F .' 392 

Kenny,  John  J 392 

Kent,  Chas 91,  314,  413,  414 

Kentucky,  resolution  on  refusal 
by  congress  to  seat  members 

from _ 270 

Kerrins,  C 88 

Ketchum,  L.  N 179 

Kewen,  E.  J.  C 5,  6,  10, 

12, 17, 19, 124, 173,  211, 284,  288,  320 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

5,  6,  15,  321 

Keyes,  E.  D 263,  264 

Keyes,  J.  H 319,  394 

Keyes,  T.  J 184 

Keyser,  P.  W 123,  315,  437 

Kibbe,  W.  C 24 

Kidd,  L.  W.... 452 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 453 

Kidder,  J,  F... 575 

Kidney,  James 386,  428,  430 


INDEX. 


Kilburii,  Paris 390,  430,  469,  542 

Kilpatrick,  N ---  111 

Kimball,  G.  G .  445 

vote  tor,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization --  453 

Kimball,  L.  W._ 536 

King,—. .---  303 

Kiiig,  A.  J 320,  321 

King,  Cameron  H 362,389,  422 

King,  James 69 

King,  James  L 409 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization. 421 

King,  Thomas  S -- ---     69 

King,  Thomas  Starr,  adoption 
of  resolution  in  respect  for 

memory  of --  205 

King,  William  R. 18,  22,     24 

Kingley,  G.  B 65 

Kinfey,  Isaac  — ...386,  452,  469 

vote  for,  for  congressman. _453,  473 

Kinley,  J.  M..._ 466,  469 

Kinne,  C.  Mason 426 

Kittrell,  J.  R..88, 169, 172, 284,  569,  584 

Klein,  P.  R ~ 445 

Kloppenburg,  Otto ...353,  437 

Knight,  David  E 455,  542,  561 

Knight,  Geo.  A ... 

: 430,  455,  537,  552,  553,  575 

vote  for,  for  congressman 431 

resolution  offered|by,  on  Elaine  542 

Knight,  H.  L 

366,  368,  372,  373,  374,  377,  378,  381 
Knight,  Samuel 26 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 29 

Knotwell,  John 400 

"Know  Nothing"  organization, 

formation  of _~. 38 

"  Know  Nothing  "  party,  succes- 
ses in  1855. 39 

condemnation  of 40 

(See  also,  American  party.) 

Knox,  F 81 

Knox,  John  B 188 

Knox,W.  J 92 

Knupp,  V.  D. 547 

Kohler,  Charles 430,461,  472 

resignation  as  presidential  elec- 
tor  ....462,  463 

Kohler,  F.  A _.    33 

Kohler,  F.  D 77 

Kooser,  B.  P ...  238 

Kopf,  C 302 

Krider,  S.  D -  118 

Krug,  Charles 401,  414 

"  Kn-Klux  bill,"  resolution  con- 
demning   298 

Kungle,  C.  H.,  resolution  for  re- 
cognition of  the  Confederate 
States 155 

for  calling  federal  convention.  156 
Kutz,  Joseph ....231 

LABOR,  hours  of,  resolutions  on.. 

.249, 

260,  265,  285,  290,  294,  299,  334, 
380,  467,  554,  563,  568,  574,  577,  588 
troubles  in  1877 365 


Labor—  continued. 
compensation    of,    on    public 

works 380,  385,  397 

protection  of 423- 

amelioration   of  condition  de- 
manded   467 

exclusion  of  cheap  laborers... 

528,  529,548,  558 

resolution  on 562- 

Labor  organizations,  encourage- 
ment of 520 

Labor  statistics,  establishment  of 

bureau  of 388,442,  444 

Laforge,  J.  B... 44 

LaGrange,  0.  H... 287,288,  320 

Laine,  Thomas  H 463 

Laird,  A.  T 

18,  29,  33,70,  73,  88,  106,  123 

Lake,  Delos 301,  326 

Lake,  Mrs.  F.  A 536 

Lamar,  J.  B.  ...  

173,  303,  315,  320,  353,  375 

Lambert,  D.. ....550,553,  560 

Land,  limitation  of  holdings  fav- 
ored  379 

alien  ownership  opposed 

458,  529,  548,  557 

ownership  of -.587,  589 

Land    grants  to   railroads  con- 
demned  _.  299 

forfeiting  of... 427, 434,  441,  458,  519 
Cleveland's    policy    on,    com- 
mended  544 

opening  of  forfeited,  to  settle- 
ment   578 

Land  monopoly,  resolution  op- 
posing  24,  352 

prevention  of 397" 

discouragement  of 405 

Land  titles,  adjustment  by  com- 
missioners recommended 13 

settlement  of 61,    66 

I  Lande,  Bernard 363 

Lander,  James  H 125,  127 

Landrum,  J.T 179 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 180 

Lands,  Public,  grant  of,  to  state.. 

13,  19,    36 

donation  of,  to  settlers 

....19,22,23,57,    66 

actual  settlers  wanted 25 

completion  of  survey  urged 36- 

rights  of  settlers  and  miners  to 

be  secured 40 

protection  of  settlers  on 82,  100 

homestead  bill  approved 92,    98 

Grow's  bill  approved 98 

method    of    distribution    con- 
demned.  -. 332 

reservation  of,  for  settlers 

.300,  307,384,  467 

transfer  of  arid  lands  to  states,  590  • 
Lane,  Joseph. ...55,  110,  114,  119,  123 

Lane,  Thomas  W —  111 

Langdon,  George 42 

Langford,  B 414 

Langford,  B.  F 106 

Lansing,  C.  J .-.70,  90,  104 


INDEX. 


689 


Larkin.  Henry 

_  320,  321,  354,  394,  401,  414 

vote  for,  for  congressman 356 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  421 

Larkin,  Tliomas  0 65 

LaRue,  H.  M 

___  389,394,  395,  410,  438,  455,  460 

vote  for,  for  controller 421 

Laspeyre,  Thomas. .111,  302,  316,  328 

vote    for,    for    supreme    court 

clerk 311 

Latham,  M.  S. 

17,  18,  22,  32,  34,  37,41, 

96,  104,  113,  115,  120,  123,  126,  164 

vote  for,  for  congressman.., 23,    38 

vote  for,  for  governor 108 

speech  in  senate  on  loyalty  of 
California 128 

speeches  in  1862 191 

sketch  of 599 

Lathrop,  E.  S 26 

Lathrop,  H.  B 42 

Latimer,  L.  D...179,  286,  409,  438,  517 
Lawrence,  J.  H..177, 179,  226,316,  566 

Lawrence,  James  R 283 

Laws,  ratification  by  the  people.  386 

Lawton,  Frank 319,  328 

Lawton,  W.  D 413 

Laymance,  M.  J 583 

Leach,  Frank  A 426 

Leach,  Wallace.  .419,  422,  424,  436,  460 

vote  for,  for  congressman. .421,  431 
Leake,  Charles  A... 30,    37 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 38 

Leake,  E.  E 456,  546 

Leake,  Samuel  T 59 

Leake,  W.  S. 583 

Lecompton,   constitutional  con- 
vention      85 

vote  on  constitution.. 86 

Lecompton    democrats,  conven- 
tion, 1858. ._ 88 

Le  Conte,  Joseph 349 

Lee,  C.  V.  R. 176,  179 

Leese,  J.P 239 

Leet,  S.  T 267,  283,  329,  394,  396 

Legal  tender  act  indorsed 202 

Legislature,  calling  of  extra  ses- 
sion, 1884,  approved ' 456 

calling  of  extra  session,  1886, 
denounced 516 

appropriations  in  1889 563,  567 

Leighton,  L _.  590 

Leihy,  G.  W .-     50 

Lemon,  A.  B _  .   571 

Lent,  W.  M 77,  114,  199,  266 

Leonard,  A 260 

Leonard,  D.  A 400 

Leonard,  W.  H 248 

Levinsky,  A.  L 571 

Levison,  J.  W 543 

Levy,  Chas.  M..._ 518 

Lewis,  E.  J. 

....200,  211,  212,  316,  350,  353,  360 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor..-  311 

Lewis,  J.  A 34,    44 

Lewis,  J.  E.  N 124,  165,  173 

44 


Lewis,  S.  S.-.. 79,  120 

Liberal  republican  movement  in 
1872 319 

campaign  speakers... _.  321 

License,  High,  opposition  to 458 

(See    also,    Prohibition     Plat- 
forms.) 

Lieb,  S.  B 438 

Lieutenant-Governor,  vote  for  in 
1849,  5;  1851,  15:  1853,  28; 
1855,  50;  1857,  84;  1859,  108; 
1861,  180;  1863,  201;  1867, 
267 ;  1871,  311 ;  1875,  355 ;  1879, 
421 ;  18*2,  453 ;  1886,  532 ;  1890,  570 

Lightner,  C.  W 389 

Lincoln,  Abraham 

126,  169,  202,  203, 

209,  213,  221, .230,  306,  311,  335,  561 

news  of  nomination  116 

nomination  indorsed 117,  210 

election  returns  for 127,  212 

declared  guilty    of   usurpation 

of  power 167 

reference  to,  by  Randolph 173 

administration  indorsed  ._  184,  206 

delegates  instructed  for. 206 

news  of  second  nomination  ...  209 

death  of 213 

resolution  in  memory  of 221 

Lincoln,  C.  G 65 

Lind,  John  Y 22 

Linden,  Harry 191,  292 

Lindley,  Charles.. 88, 104, 106, 117, 

123,  124,  130,  160,  165,  169,  170,  173 
call  for  meeting  of  democratic 

state  committee  in  1861 160 

letter  by 161 

resolutions  of,  in  convention, 

1861 .....167,  171 

Lindley,  Hervey 593 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Lindsay,  Wm.  K. 81,  199,  208 

Lindsey,  Tipton 396 

Lining,  J.  N 464 

Linn,  C.  F 68 

Linthicum,  J.  F..__ 188,302,  349 

Lipman,  Jos 317 

Lippincott,  B.  F 24,    37 

Lippinoott,  B.  S 33,  39,  42,  59,    90 

Lippincott,  C.  E 55 

Lippitt,  E.  S 25C,  542,  546. 

Lippitt,  Francis  J 4 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor.. 5,      6 
Liquors,  state  aid  in  manufac- 
ture of,  protest  against 535 

opposition  to  sale  of 588 

prohibition  of  sale.    (See  Pro- 
hibition platforms.) 

Litchneld,  J.  M 518,  531,  560,  565 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner  533,  571 

Lloyd,  Joseph 23 

Lloyd,  R.  H 115,561,  575 

Loans,   Government,   greenback 

party  plan  for. 428 

Lobbying,  measures  against 397 

Lodge  election  bill  denounced...  566 
Logan,  J 152 


690 


INDEX. 


Logan,  John  A ..469,473,  561 

Long,  James  S 103 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general..  109 

Long,  R.  A.. 575,583,  594 

Long,  W.  A 542 

Long,  W.  G..... 454,  542 

Long,  W.  S... - 

32,  42.  70,  90,  104,  106,  114,  118,  120 

Longley,  W.  R... -324,  126 

"Long  Hairs, "origin  of  term 213 

convention  at  Sacramento 217 

opposition  to  Comiess 243 

Loring,  Charles 18 

Loring,  F.  R - 13 

Lott,  Charles  F 24,  59,  91,  92,  414 

Lottery  bill,  passage  condemned  308 

Loud,  E.  F. 565,  593 

,    vote  for,  for  congressman. .571,  594 

Loufbourough,  D.  T 90 

Louttit,  James  A .430,  591 

vote  for,  for  congressman 472 

Love,  H.S - 99 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..  109 

Love,  J.  S.  .... I 116 

Love,  John  Lord 

309,  320,  349,  394,  396,  414 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..  311 

Lovejoy,  E.  P . 326 

Lovejoy,  J.  O 389 

Loveioy,  John  K. 44 

Loveland,  J.  S -452,  590 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization 453 

Lovett,  W.  E 205 

210,  250,  278,  280,  317,  326,  354,  363 

vote  for,  for  governor ._ 355 

Low,  B.  K._._ 364,401,  428,  430 

Low,F.F 

....176,  179,  182,  194,  195,  219,  237 

vote  for,  for  congressman 180 

admitted  to  seat  in  congress..  182 

address  issued  by  -_ 200 

vote  for,  forgovernor 201 

administration  indorsed 207 

candidacy  for  senate.'.. 214 

"Spittoon"  convention  at  Sac- 
ramento  217 

withdrawal     from     senatorial 

contest 218 

sketch  of.... 594 

Lowe,  — 11 

Lowe,  James  R 552 

Lowe,  W 59 

Ludlow,  A 22 

Lull,  L.  R... _ 

9, 10,  34,  50, 94,  99, 176, 195, 288,  362 

Lupton,  S.  L 266 

indorsement  of  President  John- 
son  229 

Luse,  H.  H 451,  536,  553,  556,  586 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization 453 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  571 

Luttrell,  J.  K 

... 292,  320,  350,  354,  362,  419 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

321,  356,  364 

Lux,  F.  F 249 


Lyle,  John  A ..16,    17 

Lyman,  W.  \V... 460 

Lynch,  J.  D.._. ..418,  524,  581 

Vote  for,  for  congressman 533 

Lyon,  J.  L ....550,  553,  560,  591 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 
equalization 570 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Lyon,  W.  B ! 124,  309 

Lyon,  W.  S 560 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state.  570 

Lyons,  Henry  A 18 

Lyons,  Juliu's 506 

Vote  for,  for  clerk  supreme  court  533 
Lyons,  William  H 22,  24,  103 

MCALLISTER,  Hall.  ....    ._ 113 

McAlpin,  Blanton 22,30,31,     37 

McArtlmr,  Archibald 586 

McArthur,W.  E 409 

McBrayer,  John  M 32 

McBrown,  J.  M.. 390 

McCall,  Robert 42 

McCallum,  J.  G 

64,67,68,  80,123,  209, 

210,  212,  220,  259,  281,  287,  394,  445 
declination  of  nomination  for 

secretary  of  state 260 

McCandlass,  A.  G 26 

McCann,  F.  J 70 

/-McCarthy,  D.  0....  194,  195,  250,  253" 

vote  for,  for  printer 267 

^McCarthy,  E.  F :...  320 

McCarthy,  John  W 437 

vote  for,  for  supreme  court  clerk  453 
McCarthy,  Timothy...  ..205 

McCarty,  J.  T 19 

McCauley,  John  F 112 

McChesney,  J.  B 185 

McClatchy,  James 45,  196,  210 

McClellan,  G.  B.,  news  of  nomi- 
nation received 211 

nomination  indorsed 211 

vote  for _ 212 

McClellan,  R.  G 310 

McClelland,  J.  A 266 

McClure,  David. 

429,  430,  455,  469,  542,  550 

McClure,  Wm ...70,  224 

McColliam,  T.  W.. 258 

McComb,  John 409 

McConnell,  — 73 

McConnell,  John  R 

24,  123,  126,  172,  183,  289,  291,  389 
vote  for,  for  attorney-general..  29 
statement  of,  while  candidate 

for  governor 180 

vote  for,  for  governor 180 

McConnell,  Samuel 55 

McConnell,  Thomas _. 

59,  394,  395,  410,  452 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization, _ 453 

McConnell,  W.  E 460 

McCoppin,  Frank 

..-- 295,297,303,314, 

315,  316,  324,  325,  350,  353,  518,  524 
vote  for,  for  congressman _  533 


INDEX. 


691 


McCorkle,  J.W 

12,  22,  41,  42,  55,  77,  90, 
100,  102,  120,  123,  126,  178,  199,  200 

vote  for,  for  congressman 15 

McCormack,  J.  B 588 

McCormick,  Wm 590 

McCov,  A.  M 480 

McCoy,  W.  W... 173,  211 

McCraney,  H.  A . 571,  575 

McCray,  Franklin  P 524 

McCrea,  Henry 309 

McCullough,  John  G 195,  249 

vote  for, "for  attorney-general .. 

_ *__ 201,  267 

McDaniels,  W 18,  22,     70 

McDermott,  Clias.  F 266 

McDonald,  A 83 

McDonald,  A.  D. 34 

McDonald,  C 19,  110 

McDonald,  F 24 

McDonald,  J.  M .—    49 

McDonald,  J.  W 461 

McDonald,  James  M ....324,  325 

McDonald,  James  R 565 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 570 

McDonald,  M.  L 298,  354 

McDonald,  R.  H 126, 

451,  463,  465,  507,  536,  553,  584,  586 

vote  for,  for  governor 453 

urged  as  prohibition  candidate 

for  president  _ 465 

McDougal,  Geo 19 

McDougal,  John.  

...I 6,  11,  12,  15,  29,  30,  31,  224 

vote  for,  for  lieut.  -governor 5 

sketch  of 597 

McDougall,  Charles 402 

McDougall,  James  A. 

..10,  19,22,32,34, 

37,  114,  126,  164,  214,  218,  239,  243 
vote  for,  for  attorn ey-general..  11 
vote  for,  for  congressman._.23,  38 

McDowell,  General 203 

McDuffie,  Jas.  Y 203 

McElrath,  J.  E. 422,  480,  518 

McFarland,  T.  B 

81,  247,  292,  317,  326,  429,  517,  531 
vote  for,  for  attorney-general ..  84 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 533 

McGarry,  E 90,  92,  103,  176,  179 

McGarvey,  Robert.. -77,  281,  319,  431 

McGee,  W.  J 582 

McGettigan,  E. 518,  547 

McGlashan,  C.F.  479,  480,  504,  513,  526 

McGlynn,  John  A. 

1,  3,  4,  9,  19,  309,  310,  319 

vote  for,  for  harbor  commis- 
sioner  311 

McGonigle,  John 566 

McGowan,  Edward 19,  29,  33,    42 

McGo wan,  Frank 561 

McGowan,  P.  H 356 

McHenry,  John.. 225 

Mclntosh,  E.  J 468,  469 

McJntosh,  Geo.  B 586 

McJunkin,  Hugh  K 444 

McKaig,  W.  W.' 430 


McKee,  S.  B 

123,  291,  301,  328,  401,  418,  420,  523 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 335,  421 

McKellum,  John  C 50 

McKelvey,  H.  L 386 

McKenna,  Joseph  .. 

364,  3-9,  410,  472,  518,  552,  565,  592 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

364,  421,  473,  633,  553,  571 

commended  as  congressman  ._  537 
McKenzie,  F.  S 44 

vote  for,  for  prison  director. ._.     50 
McKibben,  Joseph  C.  ..24,  70,  86, 
92,  94,  96,  99, 102, 104,  107,  178,  179 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

74,  95,  108,  180 

course  approved  94 

McKinley,  D.  A 362,  364 

McKinley  bill  denounced .  566 

repeal  urged ._  ..  576 

McKinstry,  E.  W 

..199,334,401,413,  418 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor  ...  201 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court .'.. .......335,  421 

McKune,  John  H 

24,26,33,37,42,  49, 

77,  220,  249,  288,  394,  401,  413,  420 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court _ 421 

McLane,  Charles  E 284 

McLane,  George  M. 532 

McLane,  L 115,  435 

McLean,  J.  T 

47,  49,  65,  76,  94,  98,  99,  109 

McLean,  S.  M. 506,  536 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  533 

vote  for,  for  congressman 553 

McMeans,  S.  A,.  18,  24,  42,  50,  62,    67 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 29 

McMillan,  Charles 266 

McMillan,  Dr 1 

McMullin,  George  0. 13,    16 

McMurray,  John 328,  436 

McMurty,  Wm.  S 207 

McNabb,  J.  H...196,  210,  287,  313,  317 

McNeal,  James 532 

McNealy,  W.  T 401 

McNeill,  Archibald _ _    104 

McPherson,  D 454,  469,  481,  542 

McPherson,  J 26 

McPherson,  Wm. 303 

McPike,  Henry  C .524,  532,  583 

vote  for,  for  congressman 533 

McQuade,  J.  A 172,  199,  200 

McQuaid,  J.  C 211 

McQuiddy,  T.  J 428,  430,  452,  468 

vote  for,  for  governor 453 

McQuiddy,  Mrs.  T.J 451 

McQuillan ,  James  B 287 

McRea,  P.  A.... 104 

McRuer,  D.  C .211,  240 

vote  for,  for  congressman 212 

McSwain,  J.  F... 549,  550 

vote  for,  for  congressman 553 

McVicker,  James 26 

McVicker,  John 1 


692 


INDEX. 


MACE,  R.  P.,  resolution  by,  for 

pardon  of  Davis  ...  232 

Mace,  W.  H 313 

Machin,  T.  X 185,  195 

vote  for,  forlieut.-governor 201 

Maclay,  Charles 

....176,  209,  210,  2 12,  239,  276,  289 

substitute  resolution  by 275 

Madaox,  C.  H 422 

Magee,  A 88 

Magee,  H.  W, 593 

Magruder,  Lloyd.. ..90,105,  157 

resolutions  on  the  state  of  the 

union 158 

Maguire,  James  G 583 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Mahler,  Henry 5L8 

Mahoney,  D 26,  33, 178,  198,  207 

Mail  service,  resolution  on 20 

Malarin,  Mariano .-      5 

Malfeasance    in    office,     punish- 
ment of 385,  397 

Malone,  F.  S 302,  303 

Malone,  H.  C 26 

Mandeville,  James  W 55.  77, 

83,  113,  197,  200,  211,  226,  275, 
283,  289,  292,  298,  303,  314,  353,  362 

vote  for,  for  controller 84,  355 

Manlove,  J.  E. 591 

Manlove,  W.  S...92,  322,  334,  413,  542 
Mann,  A.  L. ...401,  413,  418 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 421 

Mannerly,  William  A 30 

Manning,  D.  F 377 

Mansfield,  J.  L 506 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization. 533 

Mansfield,  John. 389,  390,408,  426,  445 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor  ...  421 

Manzer,  L.  M 426,  428 

Marcuse,  Jonas 340 

Marcy,  William  G 10,    22 

Markham,  H.  H 472,  564 

vote  for,  for  congressman 473 

vote  for,  for  governor 570 

administration  indorsed 572 

proclamation  for   special  elec- 
tion   593 

sketch  of 603 

Markley,  John 438,  575 

vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 453 

Marks,  John  J 325 

Marlette,  S.  H 24,    42 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general.. 

1 29,     50 

Marsh,  Chas 314 

Marsh,  S.  N 586 

Marshall,  B.  F... 59 

Marshall,  E.  C..12,  22, 32,  389,  437,  460 

vote  for,  for  congressman 15 

vote  for,  for  attorney-gen  eral._  453 

denounced    by  Stockton    con- 
vention   457 

Martin,  Edward 389,  390,  408,  445 

Martin,  G.  T 12,    43 

Martin,  J.  C..314,  401, 431, 434,  461,  463 


Martin,  J.  M 542 

Martin,  J.  M 284 

Martin,  J.  West 289,  392,  549,  550 

Martin,  John 358 

Martin,  Noble ..342,  518 

Martin,  Samuel    239 

Martin,  W.  H. 504 

Marvin,  John  G 10,    24 

vote  for,  for  supt.  of  public  in- 
struction ... 11 

Marye,  George  T 460,  461,  472 

Marye,  S.  B.  . 9 

Maslin,  E.  W 437 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 421 

Mastick,  E.  B. . 115 

Matheson,  R. 94 

Mathews,  S.  1. 575 

Mathews,  W.  P 547 

Mathewson,  T.  D ._.  325 

Matlock,  J.  T 575,  592 

Mattheson,  R.  N ....99,  109 

Matthews,  W 123 

Mauldin,  B.  F 88,  111,  112 

Maurice,  A _._ ..19,  349 

Maurice,  A.,  Jr 330 

May,R.  M 8 

May,  S.  J 47 

May,  W.  B. 44,  404,  430,  455,  480 

May  bell,  Stephen 428,  452 

vote  for,  for  congressman.. 431,  453 

Mayerhofer,  W 556 

Mayhew,  H.  A 451,  464 

Maynard,  J.  C 284,  292,  359,  415 

Mead,  M.  H 566 

Meads,  S.  P 536 

Means,  H.  H. 44 

Meeker,  David 124,  126 

Melone,  Drury 

....309,  340,  358,  408,  549,  561,  591 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state  .  311 
Meloney,  A.  R. 79,  90,  104 

vote  for,  for  controller 95 

Meloney,  Reuben 69 

Menzies,  S.   315 

"  Mercury,"  extract  from,  on  the 

Broderick  faction 87 

Meredith,  Henry 44,  88,  104 

Merrick,  A.  N 2sl 

Merrill,  Anms 1,  47,  49,    61 

Merrill,  J.  C 318 

Merriman,  F.  A. 569 

Merritt,  A.  P 586 

Merritt,  M.  R 481 

Merritt,  S.  A. . 

...77,  104,  106,  111,  173,  191 

resolution    indorsing  the  Crit- 

tenden  compromise 153 

Merritt,  Samuel 281 

Merwin,  P.  J ..466,  468,  472,  481 

Mery,  M.  L.. 592 

Mesick,  R.  G... 172 

Mesick,  R.  S _.          81,     83 

Metcalf,  V.  H 561 

Metcalfe,  J.B 422 

Metzger,  Louis 581 

Mexican  war  indorsed 3 

claims  of  soldiers  in 563 

Meyers,  F.  H 591 


INDEX. 


693 


Meyers,  S -   438 

Middleton,  John 

18,  26,  103,  120,  123,  267,  283 

Military   subordination    to  civil 

power -  190 

Militia,     (See  National  Guard.) 

Miller,  E.  H 62 

Miller,  E.  0 524 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general ._  532 

Miller,  J.  G ,.*. ..  — .  556 

vote  for,  for  congressman 553 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  571 

Miller,  J.  H.  __ 44 

Miller,  John  F..278,  293,  314,  317, 

318,  320,  321,  363,  361,  365,  389,  430 

record  as  senator  approved 454 

Miller,  M 18 

Miller,  William  P 586 

Mills,  P.  M. 584 

Mills,  Mrs.  L.  H 5S6 

Mills,  W.  H 414 

Milne,  D.  B 70 

Miner,  Phineas  L 125,  127 

Mineral  lands,  government  own- 

shipof -.8,  13,    63 

opposition  to  sale  of 20,  227,  229 

rights  of  miners  should  be  con- 
sidered       36 

Miners'  vested  rights,  promise  to 

respect 406,  413 

Mines,  opposition  to  taxation  of, 

209,  224 

Mining,  free  on  public  lands 66 

protection  of.. 417,  418 

hydraulic,  resolutions  relative 

'to 

441,  443,  449,  522,  573,  577,  578,  592 
Minis,  William.. 295,  298, 353,  418,  437 
vote  for,  for  surveyor  general .. 

..355,  421 

Mint,  establishment,  of,  in  Cali- 
fornia.  .14,    20 

Minto,  Wm 444,  518 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general..  453 
Missouri  compromise,  opposing 

restoration  of . 57 

resolution  relative  to 61 

Mitchell,  C.  H. ...... 124,  350,  353,  436 

Mitchell,  Chas.... 582 

Mitchell,  R.  B 546 

Mitchell,  Tabb....  172 

Mix,  William  A 31,  41,  42,  55,     73 

Mizner,  L.  B 22,114, 

309,  340,  356,  429,  513,  537,  550,  552 

Mobley,  D.  A 506 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 533 

Moffitt,  Frank  J 583 

Mohan.  HughJ 460 

Money,  opposition  to  paper 199 

gold  and  silver  favored 360 

resumption  of  specie  payment.  364 
(See  also,  Silver.) 
"Monitor"  (newspaper),  destruc- 
tion of 213 

Monroe  doctrine,  resolutions  up- 
holding  ..222,225,  231 

Monson,  A.  C 16,    37 


Monson,  B.  H. 81 

vote  for,  for  printer 84 

Montanya.  (See  De  la  Montanya. ) 

Montgomery,  A ....172,  224,  226 

Montgomery,  G.  E 42 

Montgomery,  J.  F. 123,  389 

Montgomery,  J.  M 389 

Montgomery,  Victor 546 

Montgomery,  W.  S 197,267,  342 

Montgomery,  Z «8 

89,  104,  123,  124,  126,  127,  320,  321 
resolutions  by,  on  state  of  the 

union _..  135 

Moody,  W.  H 468 

Mooney,  Jas.  S 302 

Moore,' B.  F._... 8,    12 

vote  for,  for  congressman 15 

Moore,  H.  M ....386,  400 

Moore,  J.  G 309 

Moore,  J.  H 16,  34,  438 

reconstruction  resolutions  by..  271 

j   Moore,  Jacob 99 

I   Moore,  Philip  24,  77,  111,  203 

Moore,  Walter  S 430,  518 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state.  532 

Morehouse,  H.  V 

.__.._„_._.  481,  513,  537,  552,  571 

Morehouse,  L.  C 410, 

445,  452,  453,  518,  533,  565,  570;  592 
vote  for,  for  member  of  board 

of  equalization 453,  533,  570 

Moreland,  W.  W... 396 

i  Morgan,  Alfred 12,    16 

1  Morgan,  Ben 546,  560 

vote  for,  for  congressman 553 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor 570 

Morgan,  James 586 

Morrill,  D.  L 275 

Morrill,  Paul 44,  349 

vote  for,  for  -clerk  of  supreme 

court 355 

Morrill  tariff,  opposition  to 167 

Morris,  Geo ....446,507,  553 

Morris,  Thomas 392 

Morris,  W.  G 77,  178,  179 

Morrison,  A. •?.._.__ ..465,  466 

Morrison,  Jonas  J 591 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Morrison,  Murray. 200,  267 

Morrison,  R.  P...". 401,  418 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court--.-.-.. ...   . . 421 

Morrison,  R.  K ..10, 12,    16 

Morrow,  L.  J 386 

Morrow,  W.  W 

424,  428,  430,  438,  443, 

454,  472,  479,  518,  532,  552,  564,  565 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

.....  453,  473,  533,  553 

commended  as  congressman ..  537 

Morse,  John  F 10,12,17,    92 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme.. 

court 11 

Morse,  L.  P. 413 

Morse,  M.  E.... 452 

vote  for,  for  controller 453 

Morse,  P.  A.,  vote  for,  for  con- 
gressman  .      5 


694 


INDEX. 


Morton,  Levi  P 550,  553 

Morton,  Sargent  S.__. 455 

Moss,  J.  Mora.. ..114,  320,  321 

Moss,  W.  S 211,  266 

Mosgrove,  Samuel 426,  445 

Mossback,  F.  C — 445 

Mott,  B.  B.,  Jr.. 314,  334,  349,  363,  389 

Mott,  G.N - 43 

Mott,  T.  D 361 

Mott,  William 76 

Moulder,  Andrew  J 

70,104,191,200,  524 

vote  for,  for  hupt.  of  public  in- 
struction  ...74,  109,  201,  533 

Moulton,  L.  F.  .466,  468,  469,  472,  590 

Moultrie,  J.  F 361 

Moultrie,  Joseph  A 418 

Mowry,  L.  J 413 

Mudd,  J.  H.  C 16 

Mulford,  S.  P 26 

Mulholland,  Charles 509 

Mullan,  John 362 

Mullen,  J.  B 451 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 453 

Munday,  M.  E.  C 456,  509,  5l8 

Munday,    P.,   union    resolutions 

offered  by 142 

Munford,  John  D 10 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..     11 

Murch,  L.  H .'...294,  305,  309 

Murdock,  A.  H . 44 

Murdock,  F.  B 65,  76,  99,  107,  238 

vote  for,  for  printer. ..84,  109 

Murphy,  B.  D 436,  546,  552,  575 

Murphy,  D.  W.  ....     12 

Murphy,  Frank  J. 591 

Murphy,  J.  E 437,  547,  569 

Murphy,  James  T ...461,  472 

Murphy,  P.  J ..542,  546,  552 

Murphy,  P.  W 316 

Murphy,  William  C.,  vote  for,  fpr 

justice  of  supreme  court 533 

Murphy,  William  G 506 

Murray,  Hugh  C....22,  34,  43,  49,     69 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court r 23,     50 

Murray,  Walter 

...'.111,  220,  248,  250,  281,  310,  314 
Musselman,  A 428 

vote  for,  for  congressman 431 

Musser,  John  J .     81 

Myers,  A.  H 

65,  93,  103,  116,  174,  175.  185 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 109 

Myers,  B.  F 

32,  55,  73,  188,  283,  284,  329 

Myers,  Samuel 313 

Myrick,  M.  H '. 409,  420 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 
court 421 

NAGLE,  Geo.  D.._.  ..319 

Naphtaly,  Jos 292,362,  431 

Napthaly,  Jos. ..'.546,  566 

"National"  (newspaper),  extract 

on  arrest  of  Weller 203 

National  bank  act,  repeal  of 399 


National  banks,  resolution  favor- 
ing   

opposition  to 229, 

abolition  of ...427, 

National  debt.     (See  Debt.) 
National  Guard,  increased  appro- 
priations opposed 

liberal  support  urged. .521,  568, 

National  League,  welcome  to 

National  Uni"ii  convention,  1866, 
National   Uni  >n    party,    resolu- 
tions   . 

National  Uni  >n  Republican  con- 
vention. (See  Republican  Con- 
ventions.) 

Naturalization  laws,  favoring  lib- 
eral  1 

opposition  to  change  of 

resolution  relative  to .. 

Massachusetts'      requirements 

condemned 

repeal  demanded 529,  548, 

modification  of,  demanded.536, 

rigid  enforcement  of 

amendment  of 

Navy,  construction  of 

Nebraska  bill,  indorsement  of... 

Neff,  J.  H 

294,  363,  438,  445,  469,  472,  518, 

vote  for.  for  treasurer 

Negroes,  enlistment  of,  indorsed. 

policy  of  parties  respecting 

appointment  of,  to  office  con- 
demned     

admission  to  schools  demanded 
participation  in  campaign  of  '71 

resolutions  on 

....215.  216,  224,  227,  228,  260, 
265,  269,  270,  285,  289,  308,  336, 

Nelson,  A.  D 468, 

Nelson,  T.  K 

Neuman,  A. 359, 

Neuman,  Paul. .314,  325,  362,  363, 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

Neville,  John  F 

Nevins,  T.  J. ...26, 

New  constitution,  vote  on  adop- 
tion of 

resolution    of    republicans    in 

support  of 

resolution  of  democrats 

New  Constitution  party,  confer- 
ence for  forming __1 

resolutions  adopted 

state  executive  committee 

state  convention 

platform 

state  committee 

proposed  fusion  with  democrats 

Newell,  D.  K 26,  34,  37,  81, 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general .. 

Newell,  William  L 

Newlands,  F.  G. 422, 

Newman,  Samuel 

"News  Letter."  destruction  of._ 

Newspapers,  freedom  of 

Nicaragua  canal,  its  completion 
urged 573,  576,  585,  590, 


222 
459 

587 


525 

579 
591 

238 

238 


50 

78 


105 
557 
555 
538 
585 
579 
31 

571 
532 
202 
215 

291 
310 
310 


551 
472 
396 
461 
445 
453 
207 
99 


405 
416 

393 

394 

395 

410 

410 

414 

420 

83 

29 

76 

504 

547 

213 

360 

591 


INDEX. 


695 


Nichol,  J.  R 586 

Nichols,  H.  L 199,201,266,  301 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state ._  267 

Nichols,  R.  K. 455 

Nicholson,  A.  B 75 

Nickerson,  B.  R 45,  184,  260 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state..  267 

Nicol,  F.D 461 

Niles,  A.  C.. 293,  309 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 312 

Niles,  Eben 67 

Nixon,  A.  B 37, 

62,  65,  33,  99,  176,  195,  220,  465,  466 

Noah,  M.  M 68,  81,  83,  126 

Nominations.    (See  Conventions 

and  names  of  parties.) 

Nooney,  Jarnes 10 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction  __. 11 

Norman,  W.  B ...394,  414 

Norris,  David.. 266 

North,  John  G 476,  550 

North,  J.  W 

317,  409,  438,  473,  474,  476,  477 

Northcutt,  W.  H 386 

Norton,  — , 547 

Norton,  Edward _  176 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court -'.. ./. 180 

Norton,!,.  A 320 

Norton,  Mvron 4,  41, 

49,  104,"  106,  112,  115,  118,  120,  123 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 50 

Norton.  W.  C 330,334,356,  362 

Norway,  William  H ....340,  455 

Notaries  public,  election  of 398 

Nott,  A.  I 419 

Nott,  S.  A 389 

Nourse,  George  A... 517,  565,  591 

Nugent,  John 77, 

96,  104,  126,  156,  172,  320,  321,  389 
Nunes,  Joseph  A 

...64,  75,  76,  99,  109,  116,  126 

Nuttman,  Jas.  E 179 

vote  for,  for  controller 180 

Nye,  John ... 24 

Nye,  Stephen  G 410 

GATES,  J.  W 460 

O'Brien,  J.  H 281 

O'Brien,  Thomas 92,  150,  248 

"Occidental,"  destruction  of 213 

O'Coimer,  M.  J 334 

O'Connor,  T.  M.. 359 

0' Conor,  Charles... ;-fcO 

vote  for 321 

O'Donnell,  C.  C 372,  373,  374 

vote  for,  for  governor 532 

O'Farrell,  Jasper. 104, 172, 197, 284,  325 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor 180 

Office,    penalty  for   malfeasance 

in 380,  385 

Ogclen,  G.P 10 

Ohleyer,  Geo._ ...431,  526 

Olcese,  L.  V 592 

Olds,  Daniel... 65 


O'Leary,  F.  F 400 

01iver,"D.  J 115 

Oliver,  Warner  ..65,  184,  210,  212,  320 

Olmstead,  Harrison 18 

Olvera,  Augustin 70 

O'Meara,  James 

31,  83,  103,  107,  108,  415,  422 

vote  for,  for  printer 84,  109 

O'Meara,  John.. 29,  77 

O'Melveny,  H.  K.  S 394 

O'Neill,  John  M 70 

Ord,  James  L ...4,  173,  191,  389 

Ord,  P. 5 

Ord,  Wm 199 

0rd,  William  A ...-  353 

Ormsby,  C.  N 65 

Oroville  democratic  club,  resolu- 
tions adopted  in  1863 196 

Orr,  Jas.  A ..445,  472,  518 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 533 

Orr,  N.  M. 293,  309,  532,  549 

Osborn.  J.  W 112 

Osborne,  H.  L 542 

Osborne,  H.  Z 571 

Osborne,  James.. _.. 88 

Ostrander,  H.  J 363,  364,  409,  430 

Ostrom,  D.  A 460,  542,  566,  575 

O'Sullivan,  James 400 

Otis,  H.  G 575 

Otis,  James. 207,  281,286,  314,  324,  325 

O'Toole,  J.  F._ 452,  453 

Oullahan,  D.  J 303,  384,  460,  523 

Oulton,  Geo. .185,  195,  293 

vote  for,  for  controller 201 

Overacker,  Chas.  B 565 

Overland  mail,  establishment  of 

daily,  favored. ._ ...121,  123 

Overland  mail  lines,  government 

support  urged 112 

Overmeyer,  S 65 

Overt'on,  A.  P 359,  389 

Owen,  Eben 61 

Owen,  J.  J 194,  250 

Owen,  J.  W 42 

Oxlev,  Thos.  J 64,  67 

Ozier,  I.  S.  K 24 

PACHECO,  Romualdo, 

195,  249,  340,  349,  410,  430 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 201,  267 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor. 311,  355 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

364,  421,  431 

Wigginton's  contest  against. ..  365 

sketch  of 600 

Pacific    Mail    Steamship    Com- 
pany, reduction  of  subsidy 

advised 327 

Pacific  railroad,  construction  of, 

urged 14 

resolutions  on  construction  of 

20,  22,  25,  31,  35,  43,  57, 

60,  63,  68,  72,  82,  89,  92,  93,  98, 

100,  106,  112,  120,  121,  170,  175,  207 

support  pledged 40 

resolution  of   thanks    to    con- 
gress for  passing  bill 185 


696 


INDEX. 


Pacific  Republic,  establishment 

of,  suggested... 128 

Burch  on  founding  of 129 

Scott  favors 130 

idea  repudiated 146,147,  166 

Page,  H.  F 305, 

310,  318,  320,  326,  410,  430,  445,  455 

vote  for,  for  congressman. 

321,  356,  364,  421,  431,  453 

resolutions  adopted  at;  second 

nomination  of.. 341 

Page,  R.  C 79,  90,  123,  2*3 

Page,  Wilfred 549 

Page,  William... 65 

Paine,  J.  T 77 

Paine,  Thomas.. 44 

Palmer,  C.  T.  H 99 

Palmer,  Cyrus 76,  313 

Palmer,  J.'C.... 22,    70 

Palmer,  L.  B 586 

Paper  money,   demand  lor  na- 
tional   427 

Papv,  J.  J - 115 

Pardoning  power,  vesting  of,  in 

commissions 380 

abolition  of.. 385 

Park,  Trenor  W 65,  75,  76,  93,  184 

Parker,  S.  D .99,  116 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 109 

Parker,  S.  H.... 93,94,109,  220 

Parks,  W.  H . 

....106,  195,  205,  220,  246,  249, 
253,  267,  409,  445,  454,  455,  469,  472 
vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state,  267 

Parr,  G.  W . 75 

Parrott,  John 114 

Parsons,  Levi .-. _.       9 

Passes,  acceptance    of,   on    rail- 
roads, condemned.. 332 

Paterson,  A.  Van  R 517,  531 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 533 

Patrick,  G.  W 77,  112 

union   resolutions    introduced 

by... 134 

Patrick,  H  .0 

_._.42,  55,  77,  90,  105, 124,  316,  394 
Patrons     of    Husbandry.      (See 
Granges.) 

Patten,  — 11 

Patterson,  A.  D 200 

Patterson,  C.  M 314 

Patterson,  James 99 

Patterson,  William  8 18 

Patton,  Geo.  S 584 

Patton,  H.  W 569,  584 

Pauli,  G.  T.__. 418 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 421 

Paulsell,  A.  C 542,  568 

Payne,  D.  S 426 

Payne,  Thomas 41 

Peace  commissioners,  resolution 

proposing 169 

Peachy,  A.  C._ .—  22,  113 

Pearce,  Geo 

...70,  92,  100,  102,  224,  284, 
288,  303,  316,  320,  353,  417,  418,  422 


Pearce,  Geo. — continued. 

vote  for,  for  controller 109 

reconstruction  resolutions  by..  226 
resolution  relative  to  electoral 

vote  in  southern  states 268 

relative  to  members  of  congress 

from  Kentucky 1 . . . .  270 

vote  for,  for  congressman 311 

Peckham,  G.  W ...480,  524,  569 

Pedlar,  Chas.  W.  ...536,  553,  586,  590 

Pedlar,  Frank  A •__  443 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state.  453 

Peet,  W.  L 547 

Pelham,  Dr.  J.  E. 316 

Pelton,J.  C 103 

Pendegast,  W.  W... 

...267,  284,  292,  321,  326 

Pendleton,  George 26 

Pendleton,  Geo.'H 211 

Pennie,  Jas.  C 266,  302,  303,  328 

Peoples'  independent  part}7,  or- 
ganization in  1873.. 328 

convention 329 

resolutions  adopted -:    330 

state  central  committee.-.  334,  349 

convention,  1875  __ ._ 341 

platform 342 

People's  party,  conventions 

...'....1891,  586;   1892,  588 

platforms 1891,  587;   1892,  589 

Perkins,  George  C. .    .- 

260,  305,  306,  317,  408 

vote  for,  for  governor 421 

administration  indorsed 443 

sketch  of 601 

Perkins,  R.  A 65 

Perkins,  R.  F 195 

resolution  on  arming  slaves. ..  182 

Perley,  D.  W 113 

Peyton,  B 34,  37,  68,  81,    83 

Phelps,  John 61 

Phelps,  Jonathan.. _ 60 

Phelps,  Jos . 313 

Phelps,  T.  G.  ....99,  109,  176,  179, 

191,  250,  340,  409,  420,  537,  552,  553 
union    resolutions   offered   by, 

144,  153 

vote  for,  for  congressman. 

._ 180,268,  553 

vote  for,  for  governor .. 355 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner  421 

Philadelphia  convention  (nation- 
al union),  delegates  to 239 

Philadelphia  republican  platform 

indorsed 93 

Philip,  Henry 220 

Phillips,  C.  H 409 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner  421 

Phil  lips,  John  Burke 32 

Phillips,  Mitchell" 575 

Phillips,  W.  W ---.  584 

Pickett,  Charles  E 372,  374 

Pico,  Andres 18,  22,  70,  111,  210 

Pico,  Antonio  M 65,  116,  127,  249 

Pico,  Francisco 2d4 

Pico,  Jos<§  Ramon  ...  302,  386 


INDEX. 


697 


Pierce,  Franklin 24,    33 

resolution  pledging  support  to,    22 

vote  for,  for  president 23 

administration  indorsed  ....31,    57 

Pierce,  J.  M 61,  358 

Pierce,  WinslowS 12,    24 

vote  for,  for  controller 15 

Piercy,  C.  W.,  resolution  offered 

by - 150 

Piercy,  E.  M 590 

Pilkington,  B 386,  424 

Pillsbury,  E.  S 571,  575 

Pinkerton  police  force,  abolition 

of,  demanded 588 

Pinney,  Geo.  M 320,  326 

Pi  per,*  W.  A 319,354,  362 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

321,356,  364 

Pitt,  R.  D 386 

Pitzer,  J.  I 178 

Pitzer,  Jesse  S. ....68,  123 

Pixlev,  F.  M 97,  99,  107 

126,  176,  195,  207,  241,  244,  278, 
2b7,  293,  319.  321,  404,  426,  429, 
444,  455,  504,  530,  531,  532,  549,  550 

affair  with  Darin 245,  246 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general ..  180 
vote  for,  for  congressman. .288,  553 
Platforms.     (See  name  of  party.) 

Platt,  H.  G ". 566 

Platt,  H'-nry  H 283 

Platt,  P.  E 532 

Platt,  Samuel 178 

Poland,  R.  C ....  123 

Polk,  James  K,  declaration  on 
river  and  harbor  appropri- 
ations condemned 7 

Polton,  J.  F 116 

Pomeroy,  M.  M.  ("Brick") 310 

resolutions   on  anticipated 

speech  in  Oakland 311 

Pond,  E.  B 568,  575 

vote  for,  for  governor 570 

Pond,  Wallace  R 455 

Poole,  A.  W 305,334,  472 

Poole,  David  L 437 

Poole,  Thos.  B 204,  205 

Popular  soverignty  sustained ... 

1 88,  91,    93 

Porter,  C.  B 184,  310,  404 

union  resolutions  by 192 

Porter,!).  K 102 

Porter,  F.  M 584,  586 

Porter,  Geo.  P. 70 

Porter,  J.  M ...389,  390 

Porter,  .).  T...  .  .575,  592 

Porter,  J.  W 125 

Porter,  Nathan 126,318,  375 

Porter  primary  law,  application 

of _. 242,  244 

resolution  on  _ 249,  260 

union  primaries  under. 281 

Postal  savings  banks,  establish- 
ment of  .. .399,  555,  589 

Postal  telegraph,  establishment 

of,  called  for 468,  544 

Potts,  J.  8 -.-  547 

Poundstone,  Jesse... 591 


Powell,  C.  F _ 42 

vote  for,  for  prison  director 50 

Powell,  Frank... _ 106 

Powell,  Joseph. .68, 81,  83,  90, 102,  289 
vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 109 

Powers,  0.  B 278,  281 

Pratt,— .- 550 

Pratt,  L.  E 196,  356 

Pratt,  0.  C...113, 123,  294,  394, 413,  414 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 295 

Pratt,  W.  H 109,  185,  542 

Precht,  Chas 70 

Preemption   laws,    extension   to 

California  urged 8,     13 

favoring  liberal ..     28 

resolution  relative  to 78 

President  of  the  United  States, 
election  by  popular  vote  ... 

385,398,  588 

election  for  more  than  one  term 

opposed 334 

third  term,  opposition  to. .335,  339 
Presidential  elections,  returns  for 

1852,23;  1856,  74; 

1860,127;  1864,212;  1868,288; 
1872,321;  1876,364;  1880,430; 
1884,     472;     1888,    552;     1892,  594 
Presidential  electors,  meetings  of 

1852,  24; 

1856,  74;  1860,  127;  1864,  212; 
1868,288;  1872,321;  1876,364; 
1880,  431;  1884,  473;  1888,  553 

Presley,  John  G 569 

Price,  E.  B 581 

Price,  Geo.  F. 

118,  120,  122,  123,  126,  127 

Price,  J.  T 556 

vote  for,  for.  clerk  of  supreme 

court 570 

Price,  Joh  nson 19,  37,     50 

Price,  Rodman  M.,  vote  for,  for 

congressman 5 

Primary  elections,  application  of 

the' Porter  law 242,  244 

resolution  on 249,  260 

frauds  in  union  primaries 260 

union  primaries  to  be  held  un- 
der Porter  law 281 

Crawford  county  plan ...  292 

protest  against  appointment  by 

committees 304 

evil  of 331 

system  condemned 333 

resolution  favoring 522 

Printer,  State,  election  of 567 

vote  for,  in 1855,  50 ; 

1857,84;  1859,  109;  1861,  180; 
1863,    201;    1867,    267;     1871,311 
Prison  directors,  vote  for,  in  1855,    50 

Prisoners,  contract  labor  of 

..380,  385,  396,  520 

Proclamation  for  special  election 

in  Invo  county 593 

Proctor,  F.  M :__.     81 

Prohibition,  submission  of  ques- 
tion to  popular  vote 47 


698 


INDEX. 


Prohibition  conventions 

1855,  45,  47; 

1875,  354;  1879,  419;  1880,  426: 
1882,  446,  447 ;  1884,  463 ;  1886, 
504;  1888,  533;  1890,  553;  1892,  584 

Prohibition  platforms 

..1855,45,48;  1875,354;  1882, 
446,  447 ;  1884,  464 ;  1886,  505 ; 
1888,  534;  1890,  554;  1892,  584 
Protection.  (See  Tariff.) 

Pmvines,  R.  R 113,  209,  284 

Public  debt,  resolutions  favoring 

payment  of 222,  265 

(See  also,  Debt.) 

Public    schools.     (See    Schools, 
Education.) 

Pulliam,  M.  R.  C 320,  321,  359 

Purdy,  J.  H 49 

Purdy,  Samuel  ....  12,  24,  41,  115,  239 
vote  for,  for  lieutenant-gover- 
nor...  15,28,     50 

Purington,  C.  A ._.  317 

Putuev,  J.  A. 77 

Pyle,  I).  M 451 

QUEEN,  James ._  126 

Quimby,  J.  A 75,     76 

Quinn,  I.  ]Sf _.106,  111,  119,  123 

Quinn,  M.  F 400 

Quint,  Leander..l76,179,319,  350,  353 

RA BE,  William  ..  .116 

Rackliffe,  L 565 

Railroad  commissioners,  pledge 

for,  in  1879. _\_  407- 

vote  for,  in..- 1879, 

421;  1882,  453;  1886,  533;  1890,  570 
denounced    by   Stockton    con- 
vention   457 

constitutional    amendment 

urged 460 

denounced  by  Fresno  conven- 
tion   580 

abolition  of  board 580 

denounced  by  people's  party..  589 
Railroad  companies,  stock  water- 
ing denounced  _ 333 

Railruad  company,  opposition  to, 

in  1873... 323 

Railroad  land  grant,  resolution 

favoring....... 31,     57 

Railroad     subsidies,    resolution 

opposing 299,308,  441 

Railroad. taxes,  payment  of. .434,  448 

laws  to  compel  payment 457 

interference  of  federal  judges.  458 
non-payment    declared    crimi- 
nal  467 

republican  resolution  on 515 

refusal  to  pay,  condemned ...     520 
"Heath"  amendment  opposed, 

...521,  525 

efforts  to  compel  payment  com- 
mended   *. ... 545 

reassessment 579 

Railroads,  resolutions  of  farmers' 

union 322 

resolution  on  question  of 327 


Railroads— continued. 
legislative  control  of..331,  337,  344r 

competing  lines  favored 

.' 345,352,  580- 

regulation  of,  by  congress 399 

freight     contract    system    de- 
nounced   -.  440 

government  ownership  of 

536,555,585,587,  589 

Thurman  bill  indorsed 417 

republican   resolution  of  1884, 

on.. 470 

regulation  of  freights  and  fares,  302 
reduction  in  fares  and  f,  eights, 

406,407,408,412, 

417,  433,  434,  435,  436,  440,  459,  470 
c-  institutional  amendment  pro- 
viding for  tariff' 580 

power  in  politics 458 

extension  of  time  for  payment 

of  indebtedness  opposed 578 

interference  in  politics 579 

(See  also,  Pacific  railroad.) 

Raines,  John 112 

Raisch,  A.  J 565 

Raisin   industry,  protection   de- 
manded   470 

encouragement  of 520 

Ralden,  Joshua 11 

Ralston,  — ...   11 

Ralston,  J.  H ..31,  43,  45,  49,     81 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 84 

Ralston,  W.  C 220 

Ramsey,— 204 

Randall,  A. 22 

Randall,  A.  W. .-.     99 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general.  109 

Randall,  Chas.  H... 419,  524,  532 

vote  for,  for  member  state  board 

of  equalization.-.  421,  533 

Randall,  I.  P ' .-.  126 

Randall,  P.  M 76,     83 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general.    84 

Rankin,  Tra  P 

....65,  75,  97,99,  220,  341,  358,  469 
vote  for,  for  congressman ..  .74,  356 

Randolph,  Edmund 

.1..3,  18,  19.  92,  103,  108,  172 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..  109 

extracts  from  speech  of. 173 

Randolph,!.  N 330 

Ravely,  S.  W. 100,  172 

Rawli'n,  N.  F 504 

Rawson,  A.  W .-     97 

Rayle,  P.  W.  S 208 

Raymond,  Dr.  J.  A - 81 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor...    84 
Rea,  Jas.  W..1..455,  518,  531,  560,  565 
vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner   533,  571 

Reading,  P.  B..12,  26,  34,  239,  264,  267 

vote  for,  for  congressman 6 

vote  for,  for  governor .     15 

Reardon,  T.  B 79,  123,  418 

Rebellion,  resolution  condem'ing  186. 
(See  a/so.   Union    Resolutions, 
Civil  War.) 


INDEX. 


699* 


Reconstruction,  policy  of  Presi- 
dent Johnson  .:    

resolutions  relative  to. 226, 

227,  228,  229,  281,  234,  235,  239, 

240,  248,  259,  264.  268,  270,  271, 

mass  meetings  at  Sacramento. 

237, 

indorsement  of  representatives, 

counting  ofelectoral  vote  under 

reconstruction  acts. .268,  284, 

Rector,  Thomas 

Reddick,  J.  B...430,  469,  472,  473, 
vote  for,  for  lieutenant-gover- 
nor   - 

Redding,  B.  B ...92,  100, 

vote  for,  f  r  secretary  of  state. 

Reddy,  P 315,  460,  504, 

Redington,  A 73,76,  102, 

103,  119,  123,  176,  177,  179,  287, 

Redington,  J.  H 

Redman,  Augustus. __.42, 

Redman,  R.  A _ 

Redstone,  A.   E 466, 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

Redstone,  J.  H 364,  428,  430, 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner   

Reed.  C.  F 111, 

249,  281,  310,  313,  314,  350,  358, 

409,  410,  445,  452,  454,  469,  472, 

vote  for,  ior  surveyor-general. . 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r 

Reed,  C.  W 

Reed,  David 

Reed,  D.  C 410,  413,  414, 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor... 

Reed,  G.  C 

Reed,  Geo.  W 

Reed,  John  M. 

Reed,  T.  L 

Reed,  Thos.  B.,  action  as  speaker 

indorsed 

Reed,W 

Reese,  C 

Regan  interstate  commerce  bill, 

passage  of--- 

Registry  law,  indorsement  of 

resolution  condemning. 

Reichert,  Theodore 518,  531, 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general.. 

1 ...532, 

Reid,  H.  H. 

Reis,  Gus 

Religion,  freedom  in 

Renison,  Thos 

'•Reporter"  (newspaper)  repudi- 
ation of.. 

Republican  address,  in  1868 

Republican  conventions^!856,  59, 
'  64;  1857,  74;  1858,  93;  1859, 
97;  1860,  109,  116;  1861,  173; 
1867,  259 ;  1«6«,  286 ;  1869,  292 ; 
1871,  305;  1872,  312;  1873,  325; 
1875,  335;  1876,  356,  362;  1879, 
404 ;  1880,  424,  428 ;  1882,  438 ; 
1884,  454.  469;  1886,  513;  1888, 
537,  550;  1890,  560;  1892,  571, 


233 


279 

238 
250 

289 
328 
564 

570 
195 
201 
523 

288 
260 
59 
124 
526 
5H3 
452 

453 


517 
267 
356 
453 
116 
586 
455 
421 
363 
185 
61 
81 

563 
591 
104 

519 

260 
266 
565 

570 
460 
422 
307 
584 

297 
277 


591 


Republican    party,     first    mass 
meetingof. 59 

opposition  to  movement  inaug- 
urating.__ 64,  66,    67 

outlook  in  1859 96 

attempted  fusion  with  union 

democrats 182,  184 

call  in  San  Francisco  for  reor- 
ganizing  258 

meeting  in  Sacramento 25& 

liberal  movement  in  1872......  319 

denounced  as  untrue  to  people  457 
(Sec  also,  Union  Party.) 

Republican  platforms... 

1856.  60,  65;  1857,  75;  1858, 
93;  1859,  98;  1860,  116;  1861, 
174;  1867,  259;  1868,  2*6;  1869, 
293 ;  1871,  306 ;  1872.  313 ;  1875, 
335 ;  1876,  356,  363 ;  1879,  404 ; 
1880,  425,  429;  1882,  439;  1884, 
454,  469;  1886,  513;  1888,  537, 
550;  1890,  561;  1892,  571,  591 
indorsement  of  Pittsburg  plat- 
form   61 

Republican  speakers  in  1872 320 

Republican    state   central    com- 
mittee, members  of-__,.. 

61,  65,  76,  94,  99.  176,  260,  294, 
310,  314,  340,  363,  409," 430,  445,  472 
action  relative  to  selection  of 
delegates    to    constitutional 

convention 381 

resolutions  adopted 382 

address  of  state  committee.  _.   402 
Republican  vote.    (See  Election 
Returns;   Presidential  Elec- 
tions.) 

Resolutions.     (See  Platforms  un- 
der name  of   party;    Union 
Resolutions.-) 
Resumption,      maintenance     of 

policy 425 

Returns  of  elections.  (See  Elec- 
tion Returns;  Presidential 
Elections;  names  of  offices 
and  candidates.) 
Revenue,  collection  of,  011  cur- 
rency  222 

Reynolds,  J.  S..._. 506,  532 

vote  for,  for  member  beard  of 

equalization . 533 

Reynolds,  John ...409,  443 

Reynolds,  VV.  D. 550 

vote  for,  for  congressman 553 

Reynolds,  W.  H... 259 

Rh'oads,  A.  J. 

310,  314,  409,  430,  445,  472,  575 

Rhoads,  George  H... 68 

Rhodes,  A.  L 

....174,  176,  196,  309,  401,  409,  420 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court .......201,  311,  421 

Rhodes,  John  M 451 

Rhodes,  W.  H. .197,  200 

Rice,  D.  W.  C ....194,  196 

Rice,  George 473 

Rice,  Harvey  W 451 

vote  for,  for  controller...      453 


700 


INDEX, 


Rice,  Jerome ... 207 

Rich,  C.  E 584 

Richards,  J.  T. 363,  409 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court . .  421 

Richards,  Jarrett  R ...340,  435 

Richardson,  Wm.  H 18,    69 

Riddell,  George  H ..  247 

Riddle,  James  L. ...  280 

Ridge,  John  R.    ....103,  179,  199,  266 

vote  for,  for  printer 180 

Rideout,  N.  D 294,  358,  50**,  574 

Riggins.  H.  B 591 

Rige'S,  Charles. .. 549 

Rightmire,  A.  D 118 

Riley,  Gen.  Bennet 4 

Rilcv,  J.  H 239 

Ring,  H.  J 590 

Riots,  amendment  of  code  rela- 
tive to 376 

Riparian  rights.    (See  Irrigation ; 
Water.) 

Ritter,  Win 207 

Rivers,  appropriations  for 13 

should  be  declared  public  prop- 
erty ... 386 

im pro vement  of 

434,  441,  562,  568,  573,  577 

Roach,  Philip  A 

324,  325,  352,  353,  365,  417,  422,  438 

Robberson,  John  S 104 

Robbery  of  stage  from  Virginia 

City,  1864 204 

Bobbins,  R.  D _ 542,  575 

Roberts,  C.  F 591 

Roberts,  E.  W...18,  205,  278,  281, 

356,  362,  390, 404,  429,  430,  438,  472 

Roberts,  G.  D 165,  173,  316 

Roberts,  J.  W 267 

Roberts,  Joseph 266,  302,  353 

Robertson,  T.  W. 42 

Robertson,  V.  J 547,  549 

Robertson,  W.  A , 26 

Robinson,  H 59,  196 

Robinson,  J. 536 

Robinson,  Thos 17,     19 

Robinson,  Tod 12, 

17,  19,  26,  165,  172,  173,  188,  197 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court.... 15,  29,  201 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..  180 

Robinson,  William ...13,    22 

Robinson,  William  A 19 

Robinson,  William  R 195 

Rockwell,  E.  A 320 

Rogers,  G.  H 267.  360,  394,  414 

Rogers,  J.  S. 281 

Rogers,  J.  T 402 

Rogers,  L.  S 549 

Rogers,  Moses 532 

Roa-ers,  Wm.  P ...586,  591 

Rollins,  H.  G 278,  281,  320 

Rolfe,  H.  C ....  305 

Roman,  Richard 11,  12.  24,    41 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor  ...      5 

vote  for,  for  treasurer . 15 

Honey,  Frank 388 

Rooney, — 377 


Rosborough,  A.  M 

26,  6S,  125,  126,  315,  350 

Rose,  A.  H..  106, 117, 118,  264,  2e>7, 

283,  284,  298,  321,  328,  353,  518,  590 
resolution  relative  to  elective 

franchise  ._. 269 

relative  to  discussions  on  seces- 
sion   270 

Rose,  L.  J 424,  461 

Rose,T.  H 318 

Rosecrans,  W.  S.  ...266,  424,  437,  463 
vote  for,  for  congressman ..431,  453 

Rosenbaum,  F.  H. 319,  321 

Rosenfeld,  John 303,  325 

vote  for,  for  harbor  commiss'r.  311 

Rosenthal,  Marcus 583,  594 

Ross,  E.  M 401,  418,  437,  453,  523 

vote  lor,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 421,  453 

Ross,  H.  L. 464 

Ross,  S.  H.  P 10,    11 

Ross,  Thomas. 259 

Ross,  William  G - 37 

Knsseau,  E. _. 437 

Rousch,  William 349 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state  _  355 

Rowan,  Martin 32 

Rowe,  E.  A 44 

Rowe,  George 10 

Rowe,  Richard ...  75 

Rowell,  C.  W.   C 443,  564 

Rowell,  Chester 

363,  424,  445,   469,  472 

Rowell,  J 556 

vote  for,  for  congressman 571 

Rowland,  George 61 

Roysdon,  A.  W 354 

Ruddock,  J.  C 583 

Ruggles,  L.  B ...476,  509 

Runk,  George  A 65 

Rush,  Captain 12 

Russ,  Joseph 426,  443 

Russell,  H.  H 409 

Russell,  J.  H 584 

Russell,  Joel 

354,  414,  463,  465,  472,  506,  507,  526 

vote  for,  for  controller.. 355 

vote  for,  for  governor 532 

Russell,  Mrs.  Joel 536 

Russell,  W.  H.,  vote  for,  for  con- 
gressman  --   ...       6 

Rust,  P.  C 59 

Ryan,  James  1) t-_  178 

Ryan,  James  T 

Ill,  114,  123.  151,  153,  176,  179,  298 
Ryan,  P.  H..284.  292,  353,  359,  394,  396 

Rvan,  Thomas  P _ 353 

Ryder,  G.  W... 250 

Ryland,  C.  T 

22,  43,  55.  88,  104,  106,  115,  118, 
123,  178,  267,  283,  289,  291,  314, 
315,  316,  334,  352,  353,  359,  415,  547 

Ryland,  James  W ' 583 

vote  for,  for  congressman 594 

Rynerson,  C.  C -....  207 

SACRAMENTO  COUNTY,  independ- 
ent party  in  1873 324,  328 


INDEX. 


701 


Sacramento  river,  improvement 

of.. 562,568,  573, 

Saffbrd,  W.  S... 

St.  John  electors,  vote  for 

Salaries,  reduction  of . 

28,  83,  260,  326,  336,  347, 

Salomon,  E.  S 

San  Francisco,  candidates  for  city 

officers,  1850. 

nominations  on  vigilance  com- 
mittee issue _- 

union  party  politics  in 

meeting  to  reorganize  republi- 
can party  __ 

protest  of  young  men's  repub- 
lican club,  1869 

tickets  presented  in  1873 

water  supply,  resolution  on... 

labor  troubles  in  1877 

apprehension  in  1878 

committee  of  safety,  organiza- 
tion of - 

appeal  of  Chinese    companies 

for  protection  ._ 

relief  of  working-men 375, 

proclamation  of  Mayor  Bryant, 
San  Francisco  bulkhead,  resolu- 
tions on 122,  171, 

San  Francisco  Gas  Co.,  resolution 

relative  to 

San  Joaquin  river,  improvement 

of 562,  568,  573, 

San  Juan  island,  question  of  title 

to 

San  Quentin  prison,  administra- 
tion of . 

Sanborn  and  Jayne  frauds  con- 
demned   

Sanders,  John  S... 

Sanders,  Oregon ...404,  445, 

Sanders,  S.  T 

Sanderson,  S.  W 168,  196, 

resolutions  presented  by  demo- 
cratic convention ... 

vote  for,  ior  justice  of  supreme 

court ...201, 

Sansevaine,  Pedro .-. 

Sargent,  A.  A 

...45,  76,  83,  93,  94,  98,  99,  109, 

110,  126,  173,  176,  191,  195,  210, 

214,  246,  287,  310,  311,  335,  481, 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general.. 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

." 180,288, 

Sargent,  H.  S 295,  310,  314, 

Satterwhite,  J.  W 

353,394,415,418, 

Saunders,  Beverly  C 

Sawyer,  E.  D 55,  115,  340,  401, 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general.. 

Sawyer,  F.  A 

Sawyer,  Lorenzo. _. 

13,  19,  26,  43,  196,  291, 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court  201, 

Sawyer,  W.  D 286,  303, 

Sayles,  C.  G 

Sbarboro,  A 


577 
220 

472 

526 

362 


74 
219 

258 

304 
324 
346 
365 
374 

374 

371 
377 
376 

178 
347 
577 
121 


351 
389 
455 
526 
220 

165 

226 

8 


504 

84 

311 

335 

424 
26 
445 
355 
426 

294 
295 


320 
389 
504 


Scannell,  David ...19, 

Scellen,  J.  D 

Schell,  A ...177, 

Schell,  G.W.. ?93, 

389,  390,  409,  430,  445,  455,  552. 

Schmidt,  Maurice 461, 

Schmidt,  W.  C 

Schofield,  J.  W... .-. 

Schofield,  James 

School    fund,    necessity  for    in- 
creasing   

Schools,  public,  improvement  of 

system 

resolutions  on ... 

...174,  260,  307,  333,  337,  349, 
351,  360,  381,  397,  406,  425,  427, 
448,  522,  528,  529,  538,  549,  558, 
(See     ako,     Education,    Text- 
books.) 

Scott,  A.  F... ... 

Scott,  Chas.  L 

30,31,  70,86,104,  123, 

vote  for,  for  congressman. ..74, 
urges  formation  of  Pacific  re- 
public  

Scott,  Dred 

Scott,  Irving  M 324, 

Scott,  John  V 

Scott,  Gen.  Wmfield... ... 

vote  for,  for  president... 

course  of,  in    preservation    of 

government    property    con- 
emned 

Scranton,   L.  B..__ 536,556, 

vote  for,  for  congressman ..571, 

Scribner,  W.  H ..-. 

Scudder,  N.  W 

Seals,  Henry 302, 

Searls,  Xiles 123,200, 

328,  350,  422,  431,  456,  460,  523, 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 

Sears,  W.  H 

194,  205,  278,  280,  310,  313,  324, 
325,  326,  335,  362,  430,  439,  445, 

Seavey,  A 

Seawell,  J.  H... 112, 

Seccombe,  A.  H 

Secession, resolution  condemning, 

resolution  on  right  of 

resolution  offered  by  Westmore- 
land  

resolution  offered  by  Rose 

(Sec  also.  Union  Resolutions.) 

Seckel,  Geo... 266,  302, 

vote  for,  for  supreme  court  clerk 
Secretary  of  State,   vote  for,  in 

I 1863,  201;  1867, 

267 ;  1871,  311 ;  1875,  355 ;  1879, 

421 ;  1852,  453 ;  1886,  532 ;  1890, 

Sectarian  institutions,  funds  not 

to  be  diverted  to 

Sectionalism,  opposition  to 

Sedgwick,  John... 

Sefton,  W.  W... 


Selby,  T.  H..124,  266, 303, 304,  309, 
Seligman,  A 281, 

Selkirk,  W.  A.. 389,  415,  422, 


26 

68 
281 

553 
547 
319 
590 

18 

.  122 

25 


563 


258 

181 
108 

130 

114 

325 

426 

23 

23 


157 

586 
594 
575 
390 
303 

546 
553 


504 
259 
422 
586 
166 
231 


270 

320 

267 


570 

549 
121 
314 
68 
310 
288 
460 


702 


INDEX. 


Sellbeck,  E..  F 527 

:Selleck,  Silas 50,  62,  426 

Selvage,  T.  M 571 

Semple,  Charles  D 

68,  173,  188,  191,  208,  209,  224,  266 
.Senator,  U.  S,,  on  election  of  in 

1856 59 

election  by  popular  vote 

381,  385,398,  525, 

536,  544,  555,  567,  574,  577,  585,  588 

fiensabangh.  J.  B 316 

SepulveuX  I - 437 

Settlers,  expression  of  sympathy 

with...,. -----    ."-     28 

compensation     for     improve- 
ments   49 

securing    improvements  made 

on  lands  to 61 

protection  of,  on  public  lands..  100 
Settlers'  and  miners'  conventions 

1855,44;  1857,  83 

Settler's  and   miners'  party  ad- 
dress, in  1859 108 

Settlers' ticket 179 

Severance,  J.  G , 390 

Severance,  Miss  S.  M 556 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction _.  570 

Seward.Wm.  H..117, 167,  230,  238,  561 

Sexton,  W.  T ....31,  220 

Sexton,  William ._ 319 

Seymour,  Horatio.. 234,  422 

Seymour  electors,  vote  for  in  1868,  288 

Shackleford,  T.  J.._- -.302,  353 

Shaffer,  J.  W 430 

Shatter,  J.McM: 99, 

173,  210,  362,  363,  389,  443,  451,  455 

union  resolutions  reported  by.  146 

vote  for,  for  congressman __  _  .\ .  453 

Shatter,  0.  L...76,  94,  99, 176,  196,  291 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court.. I...  108,  201 

Shanahan,  T.  W.  H 569 

Shanklin,  James  W 409,  420,  444 

vote  for,  for  survey or-general._  421 
Shannon,  T.  B..123',  177,  178,  195,  309 

vote  for,  for  congressman 201 

indorsed  as  congressman 207 

Shannon,  W.  E -.-     10 

vote  for,  for  congressman    5 

Shannon,  Wilson 9 

Sharkey,  Wm 283,  340,  363,  424 

Sharon,  Alexander  D 426 

Sharp,  J.  M —  -  586 

Sharp,  S.  A -Ill,  114,  359 

Sharpstein,  John  R 321, 

330,  334,  386,  394,  401,  414,  418,  437 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court.. .-.421,  453 

Sharron,  W.  C.  — - —    10 

Shattuck,  D.  0. 

12,  19,  21,  26,  43,  124,  172,  211 

vote  for,  for  congressman 180 

Shattuck,  F.  K 314,  340,  363,  472 

Shattuck,  W - 226 

Shaw,  H.  R - 590 

Shaw,  William  J 44,  45,  235 

reconstruction  resolutions  by..  228 


Shaw,  William  J. — continued. 
resolution  relative  to  Stanton 

and  Johnson _ 271 

Shea,  Rowland ...     77 

Shear,  Waldron,  vote  for,  for 
member  board  of  equaliza- 
tion .._ 533 

Shearer,  L. 196,  309 

Sheldon,  William. 65 

Shellhouse,  E.  J ....451,  452,  468 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 453 

Shepard,  W.  W.. 65 

Shepherd,  P.  W 12 

Sheppard,  D... 26 

Sheppard,  W.  M.,  vote  for,   for 

congressman 5 

Sherbourne,  D.  N 469 

Sheridan,  Philip  H 561 

Sherman,  Charles 426,  444 

Sherman,  Wm __. 

65,  99,  176,  184,  185,  278,  314 

Sherman,  Wm.  T 561 

Sherwood,  T.  J 342,  349,  394 

resolution  on  trial  and  punish- 
ment of  Davis 232 

Sherwood,  W.  S.  .  —  4,  11,  12,  22,    68 

vote  for,  for  governor.. .  5,      6 

Shields,  General 164 

Shippee,  L.  U 409,  564 

Shirley,  Paul 

303,  316,  328,  353,  359,  422,  437,  583 

Shoemaker,  Rufus .203,  389 

Shorb,  J.  C 319,  321,  354, 

362,  364,  389,  415,  422,  430,  431,  463 
resignation  of,  as  presidential 

elector 461 

Shorb,  J.  DeBarth 

431,  476,  477,  509,  566 

Short,  F.  H 561 

"Short  hairs,"  origin  of  term 213 

convention  at  Sacramento 217 

Shortridge,  C.  M 561,  591 

Shortridge,  Samuel  M 552,  553 

Showalter,  D 180,  203 

Shrack,  L.  M ..197,  198 

Shurtleff,  B 

123,  318,  389,  394,  395,  402,  414,  469 

union  resolutions  by 192 

Shurtleff,  G.  A 16 

Sibley,  P.  H 

_.__65,  94,  98,  99,  107,  109,  116,  284 

vote  for,  for  congressman 108 

resignation    from    democratic 

committee _ 287 

Sigourney,  T.  W 42 

Silman,  W;  L 584,  594 

Silver,  remonetization  of 357 

free  coinage  urged .515,  519,  525, 

538,  542,  560,  567,  573,  587,  589,  590 

acts  of  republicans  denounced.  577 

Silver  bill,  passage  recommended  564 

Simmonds,  Rev.  S.  D 47,    49 

Simmons,  L.  W.._ 506 

vote  for,  lor  congressman 533 

Simonton,  J.  W.-_ 239 

Simpson,  A.  M 542 

Simpson,  James 469 


INDEX. 


703 


Simpson,  R.  W 455 

Sims,  VVm.... 451 

vote  for,  forlieut.-governor 453 

Singletary,  C.  F..  _.'...- 569 

Sinton,  R*.  H._.. 115 

Skelton,  Mrs — .  536 

Skinker,  John 50,    68 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court. 74 

Slater,  N 68,    99 

Slave  Code 106 

Slavery,   abolition   by  war  con- 
demned   187 

abolition  of,  indorsed .  202 

resolutions  on ...60,  63,  66, 

75,  98,  105,  111,  120,  121,  206,  222 
Slaves,  resolution  on  arming. 182,  190 
Sloan,  E.  W.  F 21 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 23 

Slocum,  Gen 239 

Sloss,  Gordon  E 524,  569 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization 533,  570 

Sloss,  Louis 287,340,  363 

Smart,   Julius 65 

Smith,  (ex-gov.  of  Virginia)..!!,     17 
Smith,  A.  A -_.. 401,  420 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state ..  421 

Smith,  Mrs.  A.  F _». 586 

Smith,  A.  S 281 

Smith  Austin  E ..112,  180 

Smith,  C.  B 364 

Smith,  E.  B.,  resolution  on  eman- 
cipation proclamation 193 

Smith,  Edwin  F 413 

vote    for,    for   supreme    court 

clerk 421 

Smith,  F.  M.._ 104 

Smith,  Geo.  H 569 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 570 

Smith,  George 389,  390,  394 

Smith,  G.  W .353,  414 

Smith,  H.   C 124 

Smith,  H.  W 424 

Smith,  Horace. .12,  26, 34, 106, 123,  126 

Smith,  J.  C... 9 

Smith,  J.  McKinstrv -     93 

Smith,  J.  W :.. 124 

Smith,  0.  K 178 

Smith,  Dr.  Peter 12 

Smith,  Samuel  B 42 

Smith,  Samuel  D 50 

Smith,  W.  A.  C.... 569 

Smith,  W.  S 79 

Smith,  W.  W.. 506,  526,  536 

vote  for,  for  congressman. .533,  553 

Smith,  William.. _ 22 

Smith,  William  H... 24 

.Smith,  William  M ...  426 

Smyth,  C.  S 569 

Snow,  Mrs.  Nettie  B 591 

Snowball,  J.  W 319,410,  414 

Snowden,  R.  N.__ 42 

Snyder,  Andrew  J 207,  258,  319 

.Snyder,  Francis. 110 

Snyder,  J.  R 113,  211,  320,  322 


Soldiers,  reimbursement  for  de- 
preciated  currency 588 

in  Mexican  war,  claims  of 563 

(See also,  National  Guard;  Cali- 
fornia Volunteers.) 

Solomon,  P.   L 59,  191 

Somers,  W.  H 536 

Sons  of  Temperance 48 

Sorrell,  F 157 

Soule,   Frank 

19,  26,  34,  185,  250,  287,  341 

Soule,  Samuel 

...62,  65,  97,  260,  325,  342,  390,  414 
_  vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner ..- 421 

Southard,  J.  B.  179,  248,  309,  394,  517 
Southern    Pacific    Co.,    interfer- 
ence in  politics 579 

(tiee  also,  Railroads.) 
Southern     States,    disfranchise- 

ment  of,  condemned 290 

Southern  union  convention ;   de- 
legates to..  _ 240 

Spanish  grants,  protection  to  set- 
tlers upon 82 

Spaulding,  N.  W 363,  542 

Spear,  J.  S.— -- 575 

Spear,  N.  F , 549 

Spear,  W.  S 26,  34,    42 

Special  legislation,  prohibition  of  386 
Specie  payment,  resumption  qf._  364 
Specific  contract  law,  resolution 

on  repeal  of... 222 

on  enforcement  of... 225 

repeal  demanded..- 428 

Spect,  Jonas .329,  386,  414 

Spence,  David.-- 5 

Spence  E.  F 409,  574 

Spencer,  Dr.  A.  J ...76,  319 

Spencer,  Dennis ... 422,  460,  518 

Spencer,  E.  B 413 

Spencer,  E.  V 575 

Spencer,  F.  E 318 

Spencer,  J.  D 359 

414,  415,  435,  460,  524,  526,  560,  569 
vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 533,  570 

Spencer,  Thomas 281 

Sperry,  Austin 319 

Sperry,  Geo.  B 592 

Sperry,  S.  W 318,  455 

"Spittoon-'  convention 217 

Splivalo,  A.  D ...318,  340 

Sposati,  N.__. 575 

Spotts,  A.  T. 518 

Sprague,  F.  S 537 

Sprague,  Royal  T 

....32,  4l,  49,  70,  102,  120,  197, 
198.  199,  200,  226,  266,  326,  328,  334 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court.. _ 108,  201,  268 

Spreckels,  Adolph  B 455 

Spreckels,  Claus 313,  318,  321,  430 

Spring  Valley  Water  Co.,  resolu- 
tion   relative    to    legislative 

control  of _ 345 

Springer,!1.  A.. 77,  79, 179, 195,  250,  309 
vote  for,  for  printer 311 


704 


INDEX. 


Stacey,  Geo 110 

Stafford,  W.  P - 586 

Stakes,  A.  G 263 

Stanford,  Leland...76,  93,  94,  99, 
107,  109,  110,  126,  176,  182,  196,  370 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 84 

vote  for,  for  governor 108,  180 

withdrawal  from  gubernatorial 

contest  in  1863 194 

resolution  commending 537 

loan  bill  indorsed 560 

sketch  of 594 

Stanly,  Edward 

,75,  81,  83,  116,  289,  267 

vote  for,  for  governor 84 

Stanly,  John  A.. ....463,472,  569 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 570 

Staiiton,  E.  M.,  resolution  on  re- 
lations with  Pres.  Johnson. . 
....270,  271,  272,  273,  274,  282,  289 

Staples,  D.  J ..97,  109,  110,  176 

Staples.  J.  M 204 

Starr,  A.  D 314 

State  board  of  equalization.  (See 

Equalization.) 
State  Central  Committees.    (See 

under  name  of  party.) 
State  rights,  resolutions  relative 

to 36,190,  298 

Stearns,  Abel 116 

Stearns,  John  P 293,  426,  443,  517 

Stebbins,  George  H 468 

Stebbins,  J.  C..' 394 

Stebbins,  James  G .    22 

Steele,  E 79,226,283,  334 

Steele,  Elijah  K 103 

Steele,  George.. 394,  464,  465,  466 

Steffeiis,  Joseph 480 

Stephens,  R.  D.. 417, 422,  437,  569,  582 

Stetson,  J.  B ..._ 592 

Stevens,  Mrs.  E.  P 464,  586 

Stevens,  S.  B 209 

Stevenson,  A.  J 80 

Stevenson,  A.  M 126 

Stevenson,  Andrew 422 

Stevenson,  H.  J. 401 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general..  421 

Stevenson,  J.  B 437 

Stevenson,  Jonathan  D..187,  192,  306 

Stevenson ,  Dr.  W.  W 68 

Stewart,  J.  M. 34 

Stewart,  T.  B _.. 536,  586 

Stewart,  William  M. 16,    44 

vote  for,  for  governor 5 

Still,  W.  G 185 

Stock  gambling,  regulation  of...  400 

Stombs.C.  A. 414 

Stone,  C.  P. 547 

Stone,  Frank  M. 550 

Stone,  W.  F 386 

Stoneman,  George 

401,  414,  419,  420,  436,  456 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  421 

vote  for,  for  governor 453 

administration  denounced 516 

sketch  of 601 

Stoney,  Thomas  P 418,  420 


Stoney,  Thomas  P. — continued. 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 421 

Stout,  A.  A 372: 

Stow,  W.  W 34,  43,  247 

Stowell,  L 3 

Stratman,  John 10,  280,  294 

Stratton,W.C..88,  90, 104, 106, 126,  452 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 453 

Street,  C.  E 445 

Street,  Charles  R._ 88,  90,  104,  129,  191 

Street,  F.  W. 552 

Streeter,  H.  M ...552,  553 

Strong,  J.  M ..."  392 

Stuart,  W.  A 424 

Subsidies,  opposition  to 

299,  308,  332,351,  441 

for  carrying  the  mail ._ «.  .  580 

Suffrage,   condemning    property 

qualification . 56 

provisions    in    Massachusetts 

condemned .._  105 

inherent  right  of... 427 

limitation  to  citizens 557 

educational  test  for ...555,  585 

(See  also,  Negro  Suffrage,   Wo- 
man Suffrage.) 

Sullivan,  E.  L 

..94,  295,  310,  312,  314,  358 

Sullivan,  Frank  J 463,  469,  524 

vote  for,  for  congressman.. 473,  533 
Sullivan,  J.  F...523,  526,  546,  575,  583 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court ....533,  553 

Summers,  Robert 479,  452,  584 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state.  453 

Sumner,  Gen 164,  180 

Sumner,  Charles 67,  561 

Sumner,  Charles  A 

109,  389,  419,  422,  424,  437,  463,  469 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

421,  453,  472,  533 

Sumptuary  laws,  opposition  to._ 

433,458,  520 

Sumter,  Fort,  news  of  attack  on .  _  162 
Sunday,  preservation  of  one  day 

as 585 

Sunday  law,  repeal  demanded. ..  433 

continuance  of,  favored. . 

439,  448,  452 

enactment  of,  demanded 535 

resolution  favoring 555- 

(See  also,  Sumptuary  Laws.) . 
Superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion, vote  for  in 1850, 

11;    1853,  29:    1856,   74;    1859, 
109;  1861,  192;  1863,  201;  1867, 
268;  1871,  312;  1875,  356;  1879, 
421;  1882,  453;  1886,  533;  1890,  570' 
Supreme  court,  increase  of  judges 

recommended _.  100 

Supreme  court  clerk,  vote  for  in 

1850,  11;  1852,23;  1854, 

38;  1856,  74;  1858,  95;  1859, 
109;  1861,  180;  1863,  201;  1867, 
267 ;  1871,  311 ;  1»75,  355 ;  1879, 
421;  1882,  453;  1886,  533;  1890,  570- 


INDEX. 


705 


Surveyor-general,  vote  for  in 

.__'•; 1851,15;  1853, 

29;  1855,  50;  1857,  84;  1859, 
109 ;  1861,  180 ;  1863,  201 ;  1867, 
267;  1871,  311;  1875,  355;  1879, 
421 ;  1882,  453 ;  1886,  532 ;  1890,  570 

Sutherland,  T.  W 10 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..    11 
Sutter,  John  A.,  vote  for,  for  gov- 
ernor  5 

Sutton,  0.  P 1,  238 

Swafford,  C.  0.  — 591 

vote  for,  for  congressman ..  594 

Swan,  G.  W 278 

Swan,  J.  S 560,  565 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization 570 

Swan,  W.  G 464 

Swasey,  M.  J 26 

Sweasey,  W.  J 248,  400,  452,  468 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor  ...  453 

Sweeney,  M.  D 90 

Swett,  John 185,  196,  250,"  349 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 
public  instruction. ..192,  201,  268 

Swezy,  G.  N ...263,  294 

letter  to  Bid  well. 261 

Swift,  Chas.  H.. 259,  260 

Swift,  John  F 

....287,  320,  328,  329,  342,  350, 
408,  438,  517,  531,  537,  542,  552,  553 

vote  for,  for  congressman .  356 

anti-Chinese  memorial  present- 
ed by... ....481-502 

letter  declining  nomination  of 

American  party _.  530 

vote  for,  forgovernor 532 

Swiniord,  E 463,  524 

Sykes,  John  J. 207 

Sykes,  John  L 176 

TADE,  E.  0 -.  506 

Taggart,  Grant  1 309,  340,  409 

vote    for,    for   supreme    court 

clerk 311,  355 

Talbert,  T.  A... 334,  394 

Talbot,  — - 283 

Taliaferro,  A.  W 30 

Taliaferro,  T.  W.. 42 

Talmadge,  D.  P _ _..     83 

Taney,  R.  B ... 75 

"Tape  worm"  ballots.. 312 

Tariff,    Morrill    act,    resolution 

opposing 167 

dissatisfaction   with 332 

for  revenue,  resolutions  favor- 
ing  299,  315,  351,  360,  458,  543 

protective,  resolutions  favoring 
..7,  454,  468,  469,  470,  541,  550,  576 

McKinleybill  denounced 566 

platform  of  1888  reaffirmed 572 

restoration    of,    on    wool,  de- 
manded   519 

(See  also,  Wool.) 
Tarpey  M.  F....456,  460,  523,  546,  575 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor 532 

Tarpey,  Martin 316 

Tax  rate,  limit  pledged 564,  567 

45 


Taxation,  amendment  of  consti- 
tution advised 299 

exemption  to  the  value  of  $500.  385 
farming  lands,  growing  crops, 

etc "..._ 386 

equitable  system  of 333,  336, 

340,  347,  352,  416,  528,  5i;9,  548,  587 

of  money,  mortgages,  etc., 

--. 384,396,  468 

evidence  of  double 412 

reduction  of 558 

Taxes,  semi-annual  payment  of..  555 

Taylor,  Rev.  — 12 

Taylor,  Charles. 325 

Taylor,  Chas.  L 176,  195,  249 

vote  for,  for  harbor  commiss'r..  201 

Taylor,  Clay  W 

-...389,  417,  422,  436,  546,  566,  581 

Taylor,  D.  C 553,  556,  586 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization 570 

Taylor,  Daniel 320 

Taylor,  F.  B 319 

Taylor,  J.  W . 361 

Taylor,  John  F... :...  532 

Taylor,  Nelson 42,     59 

Taylor,  R.H..  9,     17 

Taylor,  Stuart  M 

321,361,364,  415,  422 

Taylor,  W.  H 68,     81 

Taylor,  William 26 

Teal,  Louis 50,    68 

Teare,  Philip 335 

Telegraph,  news  tariff  of  Western 

Union  Company 292 

government  ownership  of _. 

536,555,  585,  587,  589 

(See  also,  Postal  telegraph.) 
Temperance    conventions.     (See 

Prohibition  conventions.) 
Temperance    question,    recogni- 
tion of,  by  democratic  party.    41 
recognition   of,    by    American 

party 43 

Temperance  reform  convention . .  354 
Temperance    resolutions.       (See 
Prohibition  platforms.) 

Temple,  Jackson 73,  111, 

123,  301,  320,  437,  451,  523,  526,  531 

vote  for,  for  congressman 212 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court...  312,453,  533 

Terrill,  C.  C 330,  334 

Terrill,  George  W 389 

Terrill,  James  D 112 

Territories,  rights  of 36 

right  to  regulate  internal  af- 
fairs  63,  64,  100,  103 

Terry,  David  S 43, 

49,  69,  104,  188,  191,  203,  353, 
394,  395,  410,  413,  422,  430,  431,  523 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 50 

vote  for,  for  attorney -general ..  421 

Terry,  Reel  B ..546,  566 

vote  for,  for  congressman 553 

Tevis,  Lloyd 113 

Tevis,  Robert 19,    34 


703 


INDEX. 


Text-books,  provided    at  public 
expense 385 

uniform  series  of ..  406 

publication  of,  by  the  state. 397,  442 

amendment  providing  for  state 

publication  of,  approved  .459,  470 
Tharp,  E.  H -..9,  10,  22 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court..          11 

Tharp,  J.  W 465,  472 

Tharp,  W.  M. 464 

Theller,  E.  A 70 

Thorn,  C.  E 73 

Thorn,  George... 386,  401 

Thomas,  C.  T 99 

Thomas,  Charles  G 281 

Thomas,  D.  J 73 

Thomas,  George  H ._ 561 

Thomas,  George  W 414,  419 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commiss'r  421 

Thomas,  John  593 

Thomas,  Lorenzo 272,  274. 

Thompson,  A.  W 

....179,  207,  410,  414,  590 

Thompson,   C.  P.,   vote  for,  for 

state  treasurer 355 

Thompson,  G.  Howard. 353 

Thompson,  J.,  vote  for,  for  con- 
gressman  6 

Thompson,  J.  F 566,  581 

Thompson,  J.  S 342,  350 

vote  for,  tor  congressman 356 

Thompson,  M.  A 586 

Thompson,  R.  A 

77,  104,  113,  114,  328,  353 

Thompson,  R.  B 389 

Thompson,  R.  E 355 

Thompson,  Robert 

451,  506,  536,553,584,  586 

vote  for,  for  congressman 533 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 570 

Thompson,  S.  B. 392 

Thompson,  T.  H... .455 

Thompson,  Thomas  L 

123,  124,173, 

191,  266,  417,  422,  437,  524,  546,  581 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state.  453 

vote  for,  for  congressman. .533,  553 

Thornburg,  William 42 

Thome,  Col 22 

Thorne,  I.  N 239 

Thornton,  H.  1 _ Ill,  203 

Thornton,  J.  D..113,  191,  401,  418,  420 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 421 

Thornton,  O.  F 401 

vote  for,  for  supreme  court  clerk  421 

Thornton,  S.  K 445 

Thorp,  W.  M 386 

Thresher,  Geo 584,  586 

Thurman,  Allen  G 424,  460 

choice  of  California  democrats 

for  president _.  422 

Thurman  railroad  act  indorsed..  417 

Tibbetts,  R.  H 68 

Tidball,  T.  T 280 

Tilden  electors,  vote  for 364 


Tilden,  H.  J 176,  250,  286 

Tilden,  M.  C..._ 259 

Tilden,  Samuel  J ..422,  460,  582 

indorsed  for  president 360,  459 

nomination  ratified 361 

vote  for 364 

alleged  counting  out  of 423 

Tilden,  W.  P 303 

Tilford,  Frank  

55,  70,  73,  113,  114,  126,  200 

Tillson,  Charles 386 

Tilton,  S.  S 309,  310,  319 

Tingley,  Geo.  B....7,  8,  43,  44,  49,  126 

vote  for,  for  congressman  23 

Tinnin,  W.  J ...359,  389,  394, 

414,  415,  418,  422,  437,  456,  461,  472 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state..  421 

Tobin,  J.  F 313 

Tobin,  R.  J 359 

Tobin,  Robert 422,  460 

Tobin,  Thomas 334 

Todd,  Benjamin _ 428 

vote  for,  for  congressman 431 

Todd,J.  M 386 

Todd,  Mrs.  Marian 451,  452 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..  453 
Tolman,  George  B _..  506 

vote  for,  for  survevor-general.  532 

Tompkins,  P.  W 13 

Tompkins,  S.  C 90 

Tompkins,  Walter 196 

Tooker,  J 42 

Tooker,  L.. 81 

Torrence,R.  B 260 

Torrey,  E.  N.... 281 

Torrey,  James  E 112 

Towle,  G.  W 109 

Towne,  James  W 176 

Townes,  John  E 10 

Townsend,  E.W 543 

Tozer,  C.  W Ill 

Tracy,  Felix 220,  250 

Tracy,  Frederick? 3,  10,  19, 

22,  65,  75,  76,  93,  94,  97,  99,  109,  110 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 
public  instruction 11 

vote  for,  for  congressman 95 

Traffic  association,  efforts  com- 
mended . 580,  589 

Trask,  James  L 22 

Traylor,W.  W... 194 

Treasurer,  vote  for  in  1851,15;  1853, 
29;  1855,  50;  1857,  84;  1859, 
109;  1861,  180;  1863,  201,  1867, 
267 ;  1871,  311 ;  1875,  355 ;  1879, 
421;  1882,  453;  1886,  532;  1890;  570 

Trippit,  Oscar  A 575 

Trout,  D.  H 401 

Truett,  H.  B 79 

Trumbo,  Isaac 575 

"Trusts,"  overthrow  demanded,  555 

enactment  of  laws  against  .564,  567 

opposition  to 585 

Tucker,  E.  H 509 

Tucker,  J.  C... _.  443 

Tucker,   Lansing 44 

Tukey,  F..._ 196 

Tully,  E.  C 284,  394 


INDEX, 


707 


Tully,E.S.-.. -  267 

Tully,  P.  B.._. 389,424,  438 

vote  for,  for  congressman 453 

Turnbull,  Walter 302 

Turner,  Garrison. 584 

Turner,  J.  A .79,    90 

Turner,  John  N..65,  66,  75,  76,  99,  194 

vote  for,  for  congressman 74 

Turner,  W.  R..... ...     26 

Tuttle,  A.  A.  H -.    16 

Tuttle,  C.  A.. 65,  75,  76,  93,  97,  99, 
109, 116,  126, 127,  176,  205,  287, 
292, 318,  350,  394,  401,  413,  420,  472 

vote  for,  for  congressman .  356 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 421 

Tuttle,  Daniel 586 

Tuttle,  F.  J 586 

Tuttle,  F.  P 561 

Tweed,  C.  A 278,  287 

Twitchell,  Edward...  ..199,266,  349 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general ._  355 

Tyler,  G.  W — . 

174, 184,  196,  286,  287,  409,  429,  472 

UNDERWOOD,  I.  N._ 100 

Underwood,  I.  W 44,  45,    83 

Union,  maintenance  of. 42 

"Union"  (newspaper)  extract 
from,  on  Buchanan  and 

Douglas 87 

on  elections  of  1858 95 

political  situation  in  1859 97 

extract  on  political  parties  in 

1861  __ 159 

extract  on  Conness 243 

extract    on    renomination    of 

Higby 251 

on  Gorham  for  governor 253 

advocacy  of  Booth 303 

Union  convention,  call  tor  in  1860  124 
Union  democratic  conventions.. 

....1861,  176;  1862,  185;  1863,  197 
Union     democratic    party,     at- 
tempted  consolidation   with 

republicans... 180,  182 

Colton's  refusal 183 

maintenance  of  organization..  186 
letter  of  Arnold  and  others  in 

favor  of  abandoning 188 

dissolution  of 197 

Union  leagues,  organization  of..  193 

Union  party,  conventions 

...I860,  124;  1861,  165; 

1862,  184 ;  1863,  194 ;  1864,  205, 
209 ;  1865,  220 ;  1867,  246 ;  1868,  278 

platforms  of 1860, 

125;  1862,  184;  1863,  194;  1864, 
206;  1865,  220;  1867,  248;  1868,  278 
members  of  state  committee.- 

185, 196,  210,  220,  250,  281 

resolutions  adopted    by  com- 
mittee  '.  239 

resolution  against  factions  in..  207 
division  into  "long  hairs"  and 

"short  hairs" 213 

Sacramento  county  convention 
in  1865...  .    217 


Union  party — continued. 

Butte  comity  convention 215 

Butte  county  resolutions 216 

affairs  in  San  Francisco 219 

address  of  committee  in  1865..  223 
resolutions  of  state  committee 

on  President  Johnson 234 

divisi9n  of,  in  1867 243 

organization      of      republican 
party  from.:. 258^ 

Union  resolutions,  offered  by  De 

Long.. 130 

by  Edgerton 131 

„   by  Patrick 134 

by  Montgomery 135 

by  Crocker 136 

byBurbank 137,  154 

by  Watson ._ 138 

by  Dougherty 141 

by  Munday. 142 

byPhelps 144,  153 

by  Blair 145 

by  White 145 

by  Johnson .146,  155 

by  Chase    147 

by  Councilman.... 152 

by  Chase _ 154 

by  Porter 192 

by  Shurtleff 192 

by  Campbell 201 

Edgerton's  reported   by  com- 
mittee  144 

reported  by  Shatter 146 

reported  bv  assembly  commit- 
tee  148,  149 

adopted  by  legislature... ..181,  202 

Union     state     convention,     at- 
tempted meeting  of,  in  1861..  165 

United  labor  convention,  1886. ._  526 

United  States  debt,  resolution  fa- 
voring payment 222 

(See  a/so,  Debt.) 

United  States  senators.    (See  Sen- 
ators.) 

University,  State,  organized 301 

appointments    of  regents    de- 
nounced  434 

Upson,  L —  248 

Upton,  W.  W.- — 67,    68 

VACAVILLE  GRANGE,  resolutions 
adopted  by.. 322 

Vallandigham,  Clement  L.__'_  —  234 

Vallejo,  M.  G.  362,  389 

Van  Buren,T.  B 12,  17,    22 

Van  Clief,  Peter....  301,  329,  330,  349 
vote  for,  for  attorney-general ..  355 

Vandecar,  E.  H . 224,  226 

Vandever,  William 518,532,  552 

vote  for,  for  congressman ._  533,  553 
commended  as  congressman  ..  537 
Van  Dyke,  Walter  ..1—183,  184, 
196";  209,  292,  293,  294,  305,  309, 
314,  317,  326,  335,  389,  394,  443,  454 

Van  Fleet,  W.  C.. ~-  542 

Vann,  W.  A 588 

Van  Ness,  James 69,  320     • 

Van  Pelt,  Mrs.  Ada 584 


708 


INDEX. 


Van  Voorhies,  J.  D 12 

Van  Voorhies,  William.. 

1,  30,  55,  76,  104,  106,  111,  314 

Varney,  B.F 77 

Varney,  Stephen  H 465,  472 

Veasey,  P 532 

Venable,  McD.  R 316 

Vermule,  Thomas  L ..29,    32 

Vestal,  D.  C . 590 

Veto  power,  resolution  on  dan- 
ger of  too  frequent  use 7 

Vigilance  committee,  resolution 

condemning ...68,    73 

approval  of 74 

resolutions  on .     79 

(See  also,  Committee  of  Safety.) 

Vinter,  William _. 386 

Vogelsang,  A.  T _ 546 

Von  Rhein,  O.  F 362 

Voorhies,  E.  C.  _ 561,  575 

Vote.    (See  Election-  Returns.) 

Vreeland,  E.  B 195 

Vrooman,  Henry. 469,  472 

WAPDELL,  H.  C ..  584 

Wade,  Benjamin  F..274,  275,  276,  280 

Wade,  H.. 59 

Wade,  James  H 43,  113 

Wade,  John  F 349 

Wadhams,  C 65 

Wadsworth,  E..._ ..248,  305,  314 

Wagstaff,  A.  E ... 439 

Wainwright,  James  E 13,  125,  126 

Waite,  E.  G..174,  250,  263,  286,  565,  594 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court _ 267 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state  570 

Walhridge,  Henry  W 592 

Walden  M 179 

Waldo,  William 12,    26 

vote  for,  for  governor...  28 

Waldron,  S.  A .468,  472 

Wales,  F.  H 476 

Walker,  (of  Yuba) 17 

Walker,  Asa  ....  .    23 

Walker,  1.  X 303 

Walker,  L.  W 409 

Walker,  R.  J 18 

Walker,  Robert  J.. 239 

Walker,  William. 32 

Waikup,  Joseph 

.      ........18,  42,  77,  83,  123,  302,  303 

vote  for,  for  lieut.-governor...    84 

Wall,  Isaac  B... 17,    18 

Wallace,  W.  C 80,  83, 

123,  172, 188,  191,  197,  301,  328,  437 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court .._ 180,  201 

Wallace,  William  T....32,  44,  226 
267,  284,288,  291,  422,  430,  437,  569 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general..    50 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 295 

Walling,  J.  M 443 

Wallis,  H.  W. 430 

Walsh,  James .'.   41,     73 

Walsh,  P.  F 321,  422 

Walthall,  Madison 26,     68 


Wand,  T.  X 303,  319,  328 

Ward,  R.  H ....328,  422 

Wardall,  E.  M 588,  591 

Warde,  P.  F 400 

Ware,  A.  B .  566 

AVarmcastle,  F.  M 165,  169,  359 

Warner,  A.  L 588,  590 

Warner,  J 24 

Warner,  J.  L 18 

Warner,  James  M 26 

Warner,  John  J.. 18,  24,  77,  210 

War.     (See  Civil  War;  Mexican 
War). 

Warren,  Sir  Charles.... 496 

Warren,  George  R 176 

vote  for,  for  controller 180 

Washburn,  C.  A 

61,65,99,  116,  127,  303 

Washington,  B.  F 

.  .30,  31,  37,  39,  42,  55,  70,  113,  126 

Washington,  George 64,  335 

Wasson,  Adam 409 

Wasson,  Joseph 430 

Wasson,  Milton 413 

Water,  use  of,  for  irrigation 

333,  337,  345, 

400,  449,  516,  521,  525,  528,  529,  568 
resolutions  of   irrigation   con- 
ventions  473,477,  509 

articles  of  association  of  anti- 
ripa-ian  irrigation  organiza- 
tion   507 

proposed  constitution'!  amend- 
ments  ...511,  512 

proposed  act  concerning  owner- 
ship and  appropriation  of 

water 513 

(See  a/so,  Irrigation.) 

Waterman,  R.  W 469,  517,  531 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor. ._  532 

administration  indorsed 537 

sketch  of 603 

Waterman,  S.  D 444,  518 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 

public  instruction 453 

Waters,  Byron 

389,  456,  523,  546,  553,  566 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court..                                533 

Watkins,  L.  W 363 

Watrous,  Charles 61,  99,  109 

Watson,  B.  J 424 

Watson,  Judge 24 

Watson,  J.  A 22,  106,  124 

Watson,  J.  R 194 

Watson,  John  H 144 

union  resolutions  offered  by. ..  138 

Watson,  W.  S ..'103,  179 

Watt,  Robert .266,  316,  319 

vote  for,  for  controller. 267 

Watt.  Wm...     209 

211,  224,  284,  292,  303,  315,  326,  328 

Way  mire,  James  A 

, 3X9,  394,  396,413,571,  592 

Weaver,  J.  H.  G ...-  513 

Weaver,  James,  B.,  nomination 

for  presidency  indorsed 426 

vote  for 430,  594 


INDEX. 


roe 


Webb,  J.  W..--. 426, 

Webb,  W.  H -.461, 

Webster,  J.  V.-- 

394,  401,  413,  414,  452,  453,  465, 

vote  for,  for  congressman. 

Wedekind,  George  W 

Weeks,  W.  H 116,  126, 

Weights  and  measures,  punish- 
ment for  using  false 

Weil,  John. 409,  444, 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 421, 

Weinstock,  H 

Weir.  B.  G ---- 

Welcker,  Wm.  T._ —437, 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 


public  instruction 
11  be 


Wellborn,  Olin 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

Weller,  C.  L 113,  123,  197, 199, 

200,  201,  204,  209,  211,  301,  316, 

arrest  of.. 

Weller,  C.  R.._ 

Weller,  H.  O - 

Weller,  John  B..11,  66,  77,  94,  96, 
104,  113,  114,  123, 126,  208,  209, 

vote  for,  for  governor 

administration  indorsed 

vote  for,  for  congressman 

sketch  of .- 

Weller,  S.  P.,  vote  for,  for  attor- 
ney-general   

Wellock,  Wm 

372,  373,  374,  376,  377,  378,  381, 

Wells,  Alexander. ...9,  18,  19.  22, 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court  _ 23, 

Wells,  J 

Wells,  Jas.  A 

Wells,  W.  S 104,  305, 

Welty,  D.  W 47,48, 

Wentworth,  J.  P.  H..250,  319, 430, 

West,  A.  M ._. 

West,  J.  P 394,396, 

West  Virginia,  admission  of,  in- 
dorsed  

Western  Union  Telegraph,  reso- 
lution on  news  tariff 

(See  also  Telegraph.) 

Weston,  C.  W..1 

Weston,  H.  L 

Westmoreland,   Chas ._  . 

250,  278,287, 

resolution  on  secession. ._ 

resolution  relative  to  Stantoii 

and  Johnson.. ._. 

Wetherbee,  Seth ....280, 

Whalen,   A 

Whallen,  M ...208, 

Wharton,  J.  F 476,  477, 

Wheaton,  W.  R 

Wheeler,  Alfred,  vote  for,  for  as- 
semblyman   

Wheeler,  E.  D. .  18, 120, 210, 249, 409, 
vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 

Wheeler,  J.  O 

Wheeler,  O.  C 26,  62, 

'Wheeler,  S.  D 


431 
472 

526 
472 
413 
127 

525 
518 
453 
504 
67 
569 

453 

584 
594 

414 
203 
413 
309 

234 

84 
106 
201 
598 

11 

386 
24 

29 

536 
61 
340 
334 
472 
468 
410 

202 
292 

532 
518 

288 
269 

272 
319 
286 
209 
509 
326 


472 

421 
65 

68 


Wheeler,  W.  H. 426 

Wheeler,  William  A 363,  365,  423 

Whelan,  John  A. 386 

Whicher,  J.  E... 176 

Whig  conventions, ...1851, 

12;  1852,  15,  19;  1853,  26;  1854,     34 
Whig  party,  meeting  for  organi- 
zation of 6 

members  of  state  central  com- 
mittee  8,  13,    37 

disbanding  of, 39 

efforts  to  reorganize, 49 

welcomed  to  democratic  party,    72 

Whig  platforms, 1850,  7; 

1851 , 13 ;  1852, 19 ;  1853, 26 ;  1854,    35 

Whipple,  S.  G 111,196,  209 

Whitbeck,  P.... 109 

White,  E.  F 444 

White,  Edward 461 

White,  Geo.  T 531 

vote  for,  for  treasurer 532 

White,  J.  J 547 

White,  J.  P — .  533 

White,  J.  R , 532 

White,  J.  T. ...431,  434 

White,   John 179 

union  resolutions  offered  by...  145 
White,  Patrick  J ....  524 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner   _  533 

White,  Stephen  M 

422,  455.  456,  518,  542,  546,  575,  581 

White,  T.  J 43,    50 

White,  Wm.  F 

177,  200,  209,  211,  212,  224,  267, 
'  284,  30 >,  303,  316,  326,  384,  394,  401 

vote  for,  for  governor ._  421 

Whitehurst,  L.  A 583 

Whiteside,  N.  E 

..77,  90,  104,  172,  283,  286,  303,  328 

vote  for,  for  congressman 201 

Whiting,  B.  C.... 42,  424 

vote  for,  for  attorney-general ..    50 

Whiting  M.  S - 239 

Whitlock,  J.  H 249 

Whitman,  B.  C. 43,  64,  67,  178 

vote  for,  for  congressman 74 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court........ 180 

Whitman,  Geo.  W..._ 43,    81 

vote  for,  for  controller 50,    84 

Whitmore,  Mrs 536 

Whitney,  A.  P -358,  363,  429 

Whitnev,  Geo.  E 517 

Whitney,  J.  B 532 

Whittier,  B.  F .16,    17 

Whittier,  W.  F..__ 363  430 

WTickersham,  Isaac  G 318 

Wickersham,  J.  G 176,  363 

Wickes,  John  T 400 

Widney,  Robert 390 

Wigghiton,  P.  D 

."...298,  354,  362,  531,  547,  549,  550 

vote  for,  for  congressman, .  .356,  364 

contest  against  Pacheco 365 

vote  for,  for  governor 532 

Wilcox  J.  A 476 

Wilcox,  J.  W 205,  210,  239 


710 


INDEX. 


Wilcox,  J.  W. — continued. 

withdrawal  from  congressional 

contest 250 

Wilcoxon,  C.  E...316, 419, 438, 524,  526 

vote  for,  for  member  board  of 

equalization ...421,  453,  533 

Wilcoxson.  J.  F 302 

Wilkes,  George 37 

Wilkins,  E.  T 264,  267,  284 

Willey,  H.  I 437 

vote  for,  for  survey or-generaL_  453 

Willey,  James.. _ 372 

Williams,  A.  P 430,  513,  537 

Williams,  B.  H 18 

Williams,  C.,  vote  for,  for  justice 

ofsupreme  court...- 421 

Williams,  C.  B.... 586 

Williams,  Chas.  H.  S -.49,    65 

Williams,  E.  C 556 

Williams,  E.  L 592 

Williams,  Geo.  E 315,  575 

Williams,  H.  B 401 

vote  for,  for  congressman 421 

Williams,  H.  F 359 

Williams,  H.  P 386 

Williams,  J.  A 590 

Williams,  J.  C 586 

Williams,  J.  F 289 

Williams,  J.M.._ 68 

Williams,  John  J... 389 

Williams,  Thomas  H..34,  77,  104, 

169,  170,  172,  173,  188,  190,  191,  460 

vote  for,  for  att'y-generaL..84,  109 

Williamson,  W.  M..' 313 

Willis,  F.  M 584 

Willoughby,  J.  R 592 

Willow,  E. . 188 

Wills,  Josiah  B 465 

Wills,  T.  M.... 463 

Wilmerding,  J.  C 426 

Wilson,  — 547 

Wilson,  A.  F _... 12 

Wilson,  B.  D _1 354 

Wilson,  C.  N._ 531,  549,  550,  553 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state,  532 
Wilson,  E . ...    44 

vote  for,  for  prison  director 50 

Wilson,  E.  T....    ....     16 

Wilson,  H.  C 396,  460 

Wilson,  Henry,  (vice-president,) 

280,317,  321 

Wilson,  Henry 419,504,  531 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner . .  533 

WTilson,  James  M 59 

Wilson,  Jesse  F 536 

Wilson,  John 12, 13, 17,  43,  45,    47 

Wilson,  L.  T 65 

Wilson,  R.  J 566 

Wilson,  S.  M 114,  389,  422 

Wilson,  T.  K _ 185,  281 

Winans,  Jos.  W 37,  389 

Winchell.E.  C 123 

Winchester,  J 319 

Winchester,  M.  C ...330, 

419,  420,  426,  431,  446,  447,  451, 
465,  472,  504,  553,  556,  560,  584,  586 

vote  for,  for  controller. 421,  570 


Winchester,  M.  C. — continued. 

vote  for,  for  secretary  of  state,  453 
Wine,  cultivation  of  grapes  for, 

denounced ..449,  535 

Wine-making,  appropriations  to 
encourage.-- .  .  448 

favorable  legislation  wanted ._  519 

encouragement  of...  568 

state  aid  to,  condemned ...  554 

Wing,   Stephen 305,  306 

Winn,  A.  G... 266 

Winn,  A.  M.._. ...24,     47 

vote  for,  for  lieut. -governor 5 

Winnie,   Wm._.. 556 

Winston,  Joseph 68 

Winters,  Gilbert  F 26 

vote  for,  for  controller 29 

Winters,  Theodore 50 

Wise,  —  .. 368 

Wise,  J.  H 

113,  124,  173,  191,  417,  422,  436,  455 

Wise,  T.  R 291 

Witheral,  C 209 

Witherby,  O.  S 173 

Witherell,  J.  S 556 

vote  for,  for  congressman 571 

Withington,  James  A 452 

Withington,  Jas.  H 314 

Witner,  H.  C 536 

Wohler,  Herman 19,    92 

Wolcott,  Oliver 68,  177,  410 

Wolf,  E.  J 565 

Wolfskill,  Jos. C.. 316,  359, 422, 436,  460 
Woman,  equality  in  official  ap- 
pointments,  526 

Woman  suffrage,   constitutional 
amendment  wanted 468,  506 

resolutions  favoring 

....449,535,555,  588 

Woman's  Christian  Temperance 

Union,  resolution  on 535 

labors  recognized 555 

Wombough,  M.  M 18 

Wood,  A.,   resolution   indorsing 

Crittenden  compromise 151 

Wood,  A.  D.___ 446,  464 

Wood,  Henry  P 455 

Wood,  J.  D 465,  466 

Wood,  Jesse _. 437 

Wood,  Jos.  M 25S,  259,  260 

Wood,  R.  N 

12,  13,  19,  26,  34,  43,  50,     68 

Wood,  Wm.  G 70  195 

Wood,  W.  S 537,550,  561 

Woodin,  S.  B.... .._.  124 

Woodruff',  Edward 34 

Woods,  George  L ...404,  445 

vote  for,  for  congressman 453 

Woods,  John.... ...426,  431,  446 

Woods,  S.  T) 537 

Woodside,  P.  K 22,  32,  70,     73 

vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 

court 23,    38 

Woodward,  F 451,  452 

vote  for,  for  congressman.. 453 

Woodward,  W.  W 283 

Woodworth,  S.  E ...8,    26 

vote  for,  for  surveyor-general ..    29> 


INDEX. 


711 


Wood  worth,  Wallace.  422 

Wool,  duty  of  1867  wanted. .470,  519 
protective  tariff  on 573 

Woolf,  D.  Barney.. .353,  418,  420,  437 
vote  for,  for  clerk  of  supreme 
court 355,  421 

Workingmen's  party,  origin  of..  365 
address  published  in  San  Fran- 
cisco "Chronicle" 368 

resolutions  adopted  by. ...370,  373 

arrest  of  Kearney _  370 

arrest  of  Day  and  others.. .372,  374 

political  successes 375 

meetings  dispersed 377 

pledge  of  members 377,  378 

constitution  of_._ 386 

pledge 387 

conventions, 

.1878, 377, 383 ;  1879, 396 ;  1880,  424 
platforms... 1878,  379,  384;  1879,  396 

resolutions  adopted... 378 

anti-Kearney  convention 388 

state  committee  appointed 381 

Works,  J.  D..__ ...550,  552 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 
court _.  553 

Wozencraft,  0.  M 

197,  198,  199,  211,  362,  394 

vote  for,  for  superintendent  of 
public  instruction 201 

Wright,  George  W :__._      6 

vote  for,  for  congressman 5 


Wright,  I.  N 556 

Wright,  J.  A 460 

Wright  M.  V -  451 

vote  for,  for  congressman 453 

Wright,  S.  P 194 

Wright,  Selden  S 267,  301 

vote  for,  for  justice  of  supreme 

court 311 

Wycker,  J.C -  109 

Wyman,  J.  E 286,  317 

Wyman,  S.  B ..173,  188 

YALE,   Gregory.. 16 

Yan,  John  B 110 

Yandell,  John  N... 593 

Yarnell,  Jesse.. 426,  451,  466,  472,  536 

vote  for,  for  congressman 453 

Yeiser,  Frederick 24,    41 

Yell,  Archibald - 460,  569 

vote  for,  for  railroad  commis- 
sioner  _ 570 

Young,  E.  E 584 

Young,  J.  D 547 

Younger,  Coleman 394,  395,  414 

Yule,  John 220,  309,  319,  321,  438 

ZABKISKIE,  J.  C 55 

discussion  with  Bates. ._ 62 

Zuck,  J.  C 430 

Zumwalt,  D.  K ..451,  509,  586 

vote  for,  for  controller 453 


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